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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusPredicted
Creation Date2021-08-30 22:42:24 UTC
Update Date2022-11-15 17:47:03 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0242437
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Metabolite Identification
Common NameDeoxycholylglutamic acid
DescriptionDeoxycholylglutamic acid belongs to a class of molecules known as bile acid-amino acid conjugates. These are bile acid conjugates that consist of a primary bile acid such as cholic acid, doxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, conjugated to an amino acid. Deoxycholylglutamic acid consists of the bile acid deoxycholic acid conjugated to the amino acid Glutamic acid conjugated at the C24 acyl site.Bile acids play an important role in regulating various physiological systems, such as fat digestion, cholesterol metabolism, vitamin absorption, liver function, and enterohepatic circulation through their combined signaling, detergent, and antimicrobial mechanisms (PMID: 34127070 ). Bile acids also act as detergents in the gut and support the absorption of fats through the intestinal membrane. These same properties allow for the disruption of bacterial membranes, thereby allowing them to serve a bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic function. In humans (and other mammals) bile acids are normally conjugated with the amino acids glycine and taurine by the liver. This conjugation catalyzed by two liver enzymes, bile acid CoA ligase (BAL) and bile acid CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase (BAT). Glycine and taurine bound BAs are also referred to as bile salts due to their decreased pKa and complete ionization resulting in these compounds being present as anions in vivo. Unlike glycine and taurine-conjugated bile acids, these recently discovered bile acids, such as Deoxycholylglutamic acid, are produced by the gut microbiota, making them secondary bile acids (PMID: 32103176 ) or microbially conjugated bile acids (MCBAs) (PMID: 34127070 ). Evidence suggests that these bile acid-amino acid conjugates are produced by microbes belonging to Clostridia species (PMID: 32103176 ). These unusual bile acid-amino acid conjugates are found in higher frequency in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), cystic fibrosis (CF) and in infants (PMID: 32103176 ). Deoxycholylglutamic acid appears to act as an agonist for the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and it can also lead to reduced expression of bile acid synthesis genes (PMID: 32103176 ). It currently appears that microbially conjugated bile acids (MCBAs) or amino acid-bile acid conjugates are only conjugated to cholic acid, deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid (PMID: 34127070 ). It has been estimated that if microbial conjugation of bile acids is very promiscuous and occurs for all potential oxidized, epimerized, and dehydroxylated states of each hydroxyl group present on cholic acid (C3, C7, C12) in addition to ring orientation, the total number of potential human bile acid conjugates could be over 2800 (PMID: 34127070 ).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
DeoxycholylglutamateGenerator
Glu-DeoxychoHMDB
Glu-DCAHMDB
Glutamodeoxycholic acidHMDB
GlutamodeoxycholateHMDB
Chemical FormulaC29H47NO7
Average Molecular Weight521.695
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight521.335252857
IUPAC Name2-(4-{5,16-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl}pentanamido)pentanedioic acid
Traditional Name2-(4-{5,16-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl}pentanamido)pentanedioic acid
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
CC(CCC(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C1CCC2C3CCC4CC(O)CCC4(C)C3CC(O)C12C
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C29H47NO7/c1-16(4-10-25(33)30-23(27(36)37)9-11-26(34)35)20-7-8-21-19-6-5-17-14-18(31)12-13-28(17,2)22(19)15-24(32)29(20,21)3/h16-24,31-32H,4-15H2,1-3H3,(H,30,33)(H,34,35)(H,36,37)
InChI KeyZDFLHZVTXWIGQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glycinated bile acids and derivatives. Glycinated bile acids and derivatives are compounds with a structure characterized by the presence of a glycine linked to a bile acid skeleton.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassSteroids and steroid derivatives
Sub ClassBile acids, alcohols and derivatives
Direct ParentGlycinated bile acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Glycinated bile acid
  • Dihydroxy bile acid, alcohol, or derivatives
  • Hydroxy bile acid, alcohol, or derivatives
  • Hydroxysteroid
  • 12-hydroxysteroid
  • 3-hydroxysteroid
  • Glutamic acid or derivatives
  • N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives
  • N-acyl-alpha-amino acid
  • Alpha-amino acid or derivatives
  • Fatty acyl
  • N-acyl-amine
  • Fatty amide
  • Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Cyclic alcohol
  • Secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Carboxamide group
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
DispositionNot Available
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP2.18ALOGPS
logP2.9ChemAxon
logS-5ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.47ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-0.28ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count7ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count5ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area144.16 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count9ChemAxon
Refractivity137.28 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability58.86 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings4ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M-2H]-247.19630932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+222.69630932474

Predicted Retention Times

Underivatized

Chromatographic MethodRetention TimeReference
Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 202214.0973 minutes33406817
Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 20223.59 minutes32390414
Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid2921.8 seconds40023050
Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid163.8 seconds40023050
Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid212.7 seconds40023050
Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid166.7 seconds40023050
RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid470.3 seconds40023050
Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid563.1 seconds40023050
BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid604.5 seconds40023050
HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate)174.2 seconds40023050
UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid1057.2 seconds40023050
BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid556.6 seconds40023050
UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid1643.4 seconds40023050
SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid344.8 seconds40023050
RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid443.9 seconds40023050
MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate269.9 seconds40023050
KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA201.5 seconds40023050
Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water165.0 seconds40023050

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Deoxycholylglutamic acidCC(CCC(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C1CCC2C3CCC4CC(O)CCC4(C)C3CC(O)C12C3628.1Standard polar33892256
Deoxycholylglutamic acidCC(CCC(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C1CCC2C3CCC4CC(O)CCC4(C)C3CC(O)C12C3234.8Standard non polar33892256
Deoxycholylglutamic acidCC(CCC(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C1CCC2C3CCC4CC(O)CCC4(C)C3CC(O)C12C4527.5Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Deoxycholylglutamic acid,5TMS,isomer #1CC(CCC(=O)N(C(CCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)C1CCC2C3CCC4CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CCC4(C)C3CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)C12C4094.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Deoxycholylglutamic acid,5TMS,isomer #1CC(CCC(=O)N(C(CCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)C1CCC2C3CCC4CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CCC4(C)C3CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)C12C4116.6Standard non polar33892256
Deoxycholylglutamic acid,5TMS,isomer #1CC(CCC(=O)N(C(CCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)C1CCC2C3CCC4CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CCC4(C)C3CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)C12C4554.6Standard polar33892256
Spectra

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Deoxycholylglutamic acid 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-0102190000-680fb4e78009b718e1082021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Deoxycholylglutamic acid 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-2719310000-2bdb3f452f2e8510ab5c2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Deoxycholylglutamic acid 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0uds-6902000000-4a9c15e8721d473452e12021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Deoxycholylglutamic acid 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0fk9-0000090000-d61696c832bd9f51632b2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Deoxycholylglutamic acid 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0fl0-1000790000-b8fb2b713b6968b206202021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Deoxycholylglutamic acid 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0pb9-2704920000-f1bb36764cb3d28921b32021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
Biospecimen LocationsNot Available
Tissue Locations
  • Intestine
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider IDNot Available
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound86114501
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Guzior DV, Quinn RA: Review: microbial transformations of human bile acids. Microbiome. 2021 Jun 14;9(1):140. doi: 10.1186/s40168-021-01101-1. [PubMed:34127070 ]
  2. Quinn RA, Melnik AV, Vrbanac A, Fu T, Patras KA, Christy MP, Bodai Z, Belda-Ferre P, Tripathi A, Chung LK, Downes M, Welch RD, Quinn M, Humphrey G, Panitchpakdi M, Weldon KC, Aksenov A, da Silva R, Avila-Pacheco J, Clish C, Bae S, Mallick H, Franzosa EA, Lloyd-Price J, Bussell R, Thron T, Nelson AT, Wang M, Leszczynski E, Vargas F, Gauglitz JM, Meehan MJ, Gentry E, Arthur TD, Komor AC, Poulsen O, Boland BS, Chang JT, Sandborn WJ, Lim M, Garg N, Lumeng JC, Xavier RJ, Kazmierczak BI, Jain R, Egan M, Rhee KE, Ferguson D, Raffatellu M, Vlamakis H, Haddad GG, Siegel D, Huttenhower C, Mazmanian SK, Evans RM, Nizet V, Knight R, Dorrestein PC: Global chemical effects of the microbiome include new bile-acid conjugations. Nature. 2020 Mar;579(7797):123-129. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2047-9. Epub 2020 Feb 26. [PubMed:32103176 ]