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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected but not Quantified
Creation Date2021-09-11 02:18:20 UTC
Update Date2021-09-26 22:59:19 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0248822
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Metabolite Identification
Common NameAzulene
DescriptionAzulene, also known as azulekeep, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as azulenes. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing the azulene skeleton, which consists of the cyclopentadiene ring fused to a cycloheptadiene ring. Azulene has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as german camomiles (Matricaria recutita), roman camomiles (Chamaemelum nobile), anises (Pimpinella anisum), wild carrots (Daucus carota), and turmerics (Curcuma longa). This could make azulene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Azulene is a secondary metabolite. Secondary metabolites are metabolically or physiologically non-essential metabolites that may serve a role as defense or signalling molecules. In some cases they are simply molecules that arise from the incomplete metabolism of other secondary metabolites. Based on a literature review a small amount of articles have been published on Azulene. This compound has been identified in human blood as reported by (PMID: 31557052 ). Azulene is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or its derivatives. Technically Azulene is part of the human exposome. The exposome can be defined as the collection of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health. An individual's exposure begins before birth and includes insults from environmental and occupational sources.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
AzulenChEBI
CyclopentacyclohepteneChEBI
AzulekeepHMDB
Chemical FormulaC10H8
Average Molecular Weight128.1705
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight128.062600256
IUPAC Nameazulene
Traditional Nameazulene
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
C1=CC2=CC=CC=CC2=C1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C10H8/c1-2-5-9-7-4-8-10(9)6-3-1/h1-8H
InChI KeyCUFNKYGDVFVPHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as azulenes. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing the azulene skeleton, which consists of the cyclopentadiene ring fused to a cycloheptadiene ring.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassHydrocarbons
ClassUnsaturated hydrocarbons
Sub ClassOlefins
Direct ParentAzulenes
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Azulene
  • Aromatic hydrocarbon
  • Polycyclic hydrocarbon
  • Aromatic homopolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
Role
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP3.51ALOGPS
logP2.96ChemAxon
logS-2.5ALOGPS
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area0 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity42.51 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability14.7 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+128.49530932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-125.45630932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-162.3430932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+137.5730932474
AllCCS[M+H]+123.932859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+118.932859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+128.632859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+129.932859911
AllCCS[M-H]-122.332859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-123.332859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-124.532859911

Predicted Retention Times

Underivatized

Chromatographic MethodRetention TimeReference
Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 202216.5038 minutes33406817
Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 20224.22 minutes32390414
Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid2289.0 seconds40023050
Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid674.6 seconds40023050
Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid288.4 seconds40023050
Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid479.5 seconds40023050
RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid433.0 seconds40023050
Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid585.4 seconds40023050
BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid711.7 seconds40023050
HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate)659.2 seconds40023050
UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid1518.3 seconds40023050
BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid556.4 seconds40023050
UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid1183.1 seconds40023050
SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid529.8 seconds40023050
RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid489.9 seconds40023050
MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate715.9 seconds40023050
KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA419.7 seconds40023050
Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water86.1 seconds40023050

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
AzuleneC1=CC2=CC=CC=CC2=C11751.7Standard polar33892256
AzuleneC1=CC2=CC=CC=CC2=C11274.6Standard non polar33892256
AzuleneC1=CC2=CC=CC=CC2=C11319.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Azulene GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-004i-0900000000-9100e2e177a5220488b82021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Azulene GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-004i-2900000000-ddfe7244d5f01ca469982014-09-20Not AvailableView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azulene 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-0900000000-c58668897462a120be2c2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azulene 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-0900000000-5a9b05b0e3abe8a17d1d2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azulene 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-1900000000-9435ad04abd5c7a3b5a62016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azulene 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-0900000000-878dba5e57117c17431d2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azulene 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-0900000000-c732623515fe642c30af2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azulene 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-1900000000-79c79d6e40451aba8b2d2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azulene 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-0900000000-71e8922109bea9aa624a2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azulene 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-1900000000-18bcf87334724dba4c792021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azulene 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03fr-9400000000-bfa403c802210a24e88e2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azulene 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-0900000000-ec6816397577a7beb93f2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azulene 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-0900000000-ec6816397577a7beb93f2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azulene 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-0900000000-2e84393d7d2cb0f2230f2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB004830
KNApSAcK IDC00042269
Chemspider ID8876
KEGG Compound IDC13392
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkAzulene
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound9231
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID31249
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDrw1220911
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Barupal DK, Fiehn O: Generating the Blood Exposome Database Using a Comprehensive Text Mining and Database Fusion Approach. Environ Health Perspect. 2019 Sep;127(9):97008. doi: 10.1289/EHP4713. Epub 2019 Sep 26. [PubMed:31557052 ]