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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected but not Quantified
Creation Date2021-09-11 10:31:23 UTC
Update Date2021-09-26 23:05:17 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0252597
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Metabolite Identification
Common NameGallein
DescriptionGallein, also known as alizarin violet or c.i. 45445, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthenes. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a xanthene moiety, which consists of two benzene rings joined to each other by a pyran ring. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Gallein. This compound has been identified in human blood as reported by (PMID: 31557052 ). Gallein is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or its derivatives. Technically Gallein is part of the human exposome. The exposome can be defined as the collection of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health. An individual's exposure begins before birth and includes insults from environmental and occupational sources.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
3',4',5',6'-TetrahydroxyfluoranChEBI
3',4',5',6'-Tetrahydroxyspiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthene)-3-oneChEBI
4,5-DihydroxyfluoresceinChEBI
Alizarin violetChEBI
C.I. 45445ChEBI
C.I. mordant violet 25ChEBI
Mordant violet 25ChEBI
PyrogallolphthaleinChEBI
Chemical FormulaC20H12O7
Average Molecular Weight364.309
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight364.058302726
IUPAC Name3',4',5',6'-tetrahydroxy-3H-spiro[2-benzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-3-one
Traditional Namegallein
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
OC1=C(O)C2=C(C=C1)C1(OC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C13)C1=C(O2)C(O)=C(O)C=C1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C20H12O7/c21-13-7-5-11-17(15(13)23)26-18-12(6-8-14(22)16(18)24)20(11)10-4-2-1-3-9(10)19(25)27-20/h1-8,21-24H
InChI KeyPHLYOKFVXIVOJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthenes. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a xanthene moiety, which consists of two benzene rings joined to each other by a pyran ring.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassBenzopyrans
Sub Class1-benzopyrans
Direct ParentXanthenes
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Xanthene
  • Diaryl ether
  • Benzofuranone
  • Phthalide
  • Isobenzofuranone
  • Isocoumaran
  • Isobenzofuran
  • 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Benzenoid
  • Lactone
  • Carboxylic acid ester
  • Oxacycle
  • Polyol
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Ether
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP2.55ALOGPS
logP3.27ChemAxon
logS-4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)8.1ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3.8ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count4ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area116.45 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity95.18 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability34.96 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings5ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M-2H]-217.2930932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+192.41130932474
AllCCS[M+H]+182.732859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+179.632859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+185.632859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+186.432859911
AllCCS[M-H]-182.332859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-181.132859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-179.832859911

Predicted Retention Times

Underivatized

Chromatographic MethodRetention TimeReference
Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 202211.0535 minutes33406817
Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 20221.97 minutes32390414
Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid1941.5 seconds40023050
Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid218.2 seconds40023050
Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid135.0 seconds40023050
Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid152.7 seconds40023050
RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid148.2 seconds40023050
Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid587.2 seconds40023050
BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid571.1 seconds40023050
HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate)416.9 seconds40023050
UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid783.0 seconds40023050
BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid390.8 seconds40023050
UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid1123.0 seconds40023050
SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid268.6 seconds40023050
RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid444.1 seconds40023050
MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate344.1 seconds40023050
KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA334.1 seconds40023050
Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water256.8 seconds40023050

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
GalleinOC1=C(O)C2=C(C=C1)C1(OC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C13)C1=C(O2)C(O)=C(O)C=C15173.0Standard polar33892256
GalleinOC1=C(O)C2=C(C=C1)C1(OC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C13)C1=C(O2)C(O)=C(O)C=C13131.4Standard non polar33892256
GalleinOC1=C(O)C2=C(C=C1)C1(OC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C13)C1=C(O2)C(O)=C(O)C=C13467.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Gallein GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-01x9-0297000000-9ea1c4223a60063a5c102021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Gallein GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Gallein GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Gallein GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Gallein GC-MS (TMS_2_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Gallein GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Gallein GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Gallein GC-MS (TMS_2_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Gallein GC-MS (TMS_3_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Gallein GC-MS (TMS_3_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Gallein GC-MS (TMS_4_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Gallein GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Gallein GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Gallein GC-MS (TBDMS_2_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Gallein GC-MS (TBDMS_2_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Gallein GC-MS (TBDMS_2_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Gallein GC-MS (TBDMS_2_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Gallein GC-MS (TBDMS_3_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Gallein GC-MS (TBDMS_3_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Gallein GC-MS (TBDMS_4_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gallein 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0009000000-1752f5c2dc4ee3b8b0342021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gallein 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0009000000-4c7abc7b4a560045918f2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gallein 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000x-5595000000-ee31d7ef483d839ef5f72021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gallein 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0009000000-be875ed3b16fe5281cf72021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gallein 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0019000000-3f58a9feb8f8d39652032021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Gallein 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0397000000-3f231f0d12cf8a55ab262021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID66334
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound73685
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID88294
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Barupal DK, Fiehn O: Generating the Blood Exposome Database Using a Comprehensive Text Mining and Database Fusion Approach. Environ Health Perspect. 2019 Sep;127(9):97008. doi: 10.1289/EHP4713. Epub 2019 Sep 26. [PubMed:31557052 ]