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Showing metabocard for Quinone (HMDB0003364)

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IdentificationTaxonomyOntologyPhysical propertiesSpectraBiological propertiesConcentrationsLinksReferencesenzymes (7) Show 7 proteinsXML
enzymes (7) Show 7 proteins
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected but not Quantified
Creation Date2006-08-12 19:22:48 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:16:38 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0003364
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB03364
Metabolite Identification
Common NameQuinone
DescriptionQuinone is also called 1,4-benzoquinone or cyclohexadienedione. Quinones are oxidized derivatives of aromatic compounds and are often readily made from reactive aromatic compounds with electron-donating substituents such as phenols and catechols, which increase the nucleophilicity of the ring and contributes to the large redox potential needed to break aromaticity. Derivatives of quinones are common constituents of biologically relevant molecules. Some serve as electron acceptors in electron transport chains such as those in photosynthesis (plastoquinone, phylloquinone), and aerobic respiration (ubiquinone). Quinone is a common constituent of biologically relevant molecules (e.g. Vitamin K1 is phylloquinone). A natural example of quinones as oxidizing agents is the spray of bombardier beetles. Hydroquinone is reacted with hydrogen peroxide to produce a fiery blast of steam, a strong deterent in the animal world.
Structure
Data?1676999798
MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for HMDB0003364 (Quinone)


  Mrv1652309042000292D          

  8  8  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
   18.9714  -11.2749    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   18.9714  -14.5749    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   18.9714  -12.0999    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   18.9714  -13.7499    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   18.2570  -12.5124    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   19.6859  -12.5124    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   18.2570  -13.3373    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   19.6859  -13.3373    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  3  2  0  0  0  0
  2  4  2  0  0  0  0
  3  5  1  0  0  0  0
  3  6  1  0  0  0  0
  4  7  1  0  0  0  0
  4  8  1  0  0  0  0
  5  7  2  0  0  0  0
  6  8  2  0  0  0  0
M  END
Download

3D MOL for HMDB0003364 (Quinone)

HMDB0003364
     RDKit          3D
Quinone
 12 12  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -0.7044    2.5500   -0.0909 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.3677    1.3384   -0.0477 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4010    0.3032   -0.0038 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0196   -0.9757    0.0417 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.3819   -1.3509    0.0481 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.6728   -2.5767    0.0921 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4042   -0.3034    0.0038 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.0453    0.9799   -0.0420 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.4536    0.5773   -0.0084 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7821   -1.7563    0.0747 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.4547   -0.5660    0.0079 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7694    1.7800   -0.0755 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  2  0
  2  3  1  0
  3  4  2  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  2  0
  5  7  1  0
  7  8  2  0
  8  2  1  0
  3  9  1  0
  4 10  1  0
  7 11  1  0
  8 12  1  0
M  END
Download

3D SDF for HMDB0003364 (Quinone)


  Mrv1652309042000292D          

  8  8  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
   18.9714  -11.2749    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   18.9714  -14.5749    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   18.9714  -12.0999    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   18.9714  -13.7499    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   18.2570  -12.5124    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   19.6859  -12.5124    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   18.2570  -13.3373    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   19.6859  -13.3373    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  3  2  0  0  0  0
  2  4  2  0  0  0  0
  3  5  1  0  0  0  0
  3  6  1  0  0  0  0
  4  7  1  0  0  0  0
  4  8  1  0  0  0  0
  5  7  2  0  0  0  0
  6  8  2  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0003364

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C6H4O2/c7-5-1-2-6(8)4-3-5/h1-4H

> <INCHI_KEY>
AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C6H4O2

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
108.0948

> <EXACT_MASS>
108.021129372

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
2

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
12

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
9.745918249108637

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
0

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
0.21

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
1.0241138113333332

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
-0.38

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
1

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
-7.670583839914011

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
34.14

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
31.028799999999997

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
0

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
4.54e+01 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
quinone

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
1

$$$$
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3D-SDF for HMDB0003364 (Quinone)

HMDB0003364
     RDKit          3D
Quinone
 12 12  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -0.7044    2.5500   -0.0909 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.3677    1.3384   -0.0477 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4010    0.3032   -0.0038 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0196   -0.9757    0.0417 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.3819   -1.3509    0.0481 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.6728   -2.5767    0.0921 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4042   -0.3034    0.0038 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.0453    0.9799   -0.0420 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.4536    0.5773   -0.0084 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7821   -1.7563    0.0747 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.4547   -0.5660    0.0079 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7694    1.7800   -0.0755 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  2  0
  2  3  1  0
  3  4  2  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  2  0
  5  7  1  0
  7  8  2  0
  8  2  1  0
  3  9  1  0
  4 10  1  0
  7 11  1  0
  8 12  1  0
M  END
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PDB for HMDB0003364 (Quinone)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 04-SEP-20   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   04-SEP-20         0                                  
HETATM    1  O   UNK     0      35.413 -21.046   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    2  O   UNK     0      35.413 -27.206   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0      35.413 -22.586   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0      35.413 -25.666   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0      34.080 -23.356   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  C   UNK     0      36.747 -23.356   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    7  C   UNK     0      34.080 -24.896   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    8  C   UNK     0      36.747 -24.896   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
CONECT    1    3                                                            
CONECT    2    4                                                            
CONECT    3    1    5    6                                                  
CONECT    4    2    7    8                                                  
CONECT    5    3    7                                                       
CONECT    6    3    8                                                       
CONECT    7    4    5                                                       
CONECT    8    4    6                                                       
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    8    0   16    0
END
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3D PDB for HMDB0003364 (Quinone)

COMPND    HMDB0003364
HETATM    1  O1  UNL     1      -0.704   2.550  -0.091  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    2  C1  UNL     1      -0.368   1.338  -0.048  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  C2  UNL     1      -1.401   0.303  -0.004  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    4  C3  UNL     1      -1.020  -0.976   0.042  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    5  C4  UNL     1       0.382  -1.351   0.048  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    6  O2  UNL     1       0.673  -2.577   0.092  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    7  C5  UNL     1       1.404  -0.303   0.004  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    8  C6  UNL     1       1.045   0.980  -0.042  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    9  H1  UNL     1      -2.454   0.577  -0.008  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   10  H2  UNL     1      -1.782  -1.756   0.075  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   11  H3  UNL     1       2.455  -0.566   0.008  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   12  H4  UNL     1       1.769   1.780  -0.076  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2    2
CONECT    2    3    8
CONECT    3    4    4    9
CONECT    4    5   10
CONECT    5    6    6    7
CONECT    7    8    8   11
CONECT    8   12
END
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SMILES for HMDB0003364 (Quinone)

O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1
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INCHI for HMDB0003364 (Quinone)

InChI=1S/C6H4O2/c7-5-1-2-6(8)4-3-5/h1-4H
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View in JSmolView NMR AssignmentsView Stereo Labels
Synonyms
ValueSource
1,4-BenzochinonChEBI
2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dioneChEBI
Benzo-1,4-quinoneChEBI
BenzoquinoneChEBI
p-BenzoquinoneChEBI
p-ChinonChEBI
p-QuinoneChEBI
Para-benzoquinoneChEBI
ChinoneKegg
1,4-BenzoquinoneKegg
1,4-BenzoquineHMDB
1,4-Cyclohexadiene dioxideHMDB
1,4-CyclohexadienedioneHMDB
1,4-DiossibenzeneHMDB
1,4-Dioxy-benzolHMDB
1,4-DioxybenzeneHMDB
2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1-4-dioneHMDB
Benzo-chinonHMDB
ChinonHMDB
Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dioneHMDB
CyclohexadienedioneHMDB
EldoquinHMDB
Para-quinoneHMDB
Quinone1,4-benzoquinoneHMDB
Semiquinone anionHMDB
Semiquinone radicalsHMDB
Chemical FormulaC6H4O2
Average Molecular Weight108.0948
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight108.021129372
IUPAC Namecyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
Traditional Namequinone
CAS Registry Number106-51-4
SMILES
O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C6H4O2/c7-5-1-2-6(8)4-3-5/h1-4H
InChI KeyAZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as p-benzoquinones. These are benzoquinones where the two C=O groups are attached at the 1- and 4-positions, respectively.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbonyl compounds
Direct ParentP-benzoquinones
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • P-benzoquinone
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Health effect
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
Process
Naturally occurring process
Role
Environmental roleBiological role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point115.7 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility11.1 mg/mL at 18 °CNot Available
LogP0.20HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility45.4 g/LALOGPS
logP0.21ALOGPS
logP1.02ChemAxon
logS-0.38ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)-7.7ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area34.14 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity31.03 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability9.75 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+123.21131661259
DarkChem[M-H]-117.29531661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+122.40230932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-118.89130932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-156.11530932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+131.20430932474
AllCCS[M+H]+122.532859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+117.532859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+127.132859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+128.432859911
AllCCS[M-H]-119.132859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-121.632859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-124.432859911

Predicted Retention Times

Underivatized

Chromatographic MethodRetention TimeReference
Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022.3.25 minutes32390414
Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 20229.3827 minutes33406817
Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 20221.62 minutes32390414
Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid1071.0 seconds40023050
Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid362.7 seconds40023050
Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid111.1 seconds40023050
Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid259.0 seconds40023050
RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid74.4 seconds40023050
Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid303.8 seconds40023050
BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid371.2 seconds40023050
HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate)260.5 seconds40023050
UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid756.2 seconds40023050
BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid221.0 seconds40023050
UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid888.1 seconds40023050
SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid267.8 seconds40023050
RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid239.9 seconds40023050
MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate555.4 seconds40023050
KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA336.6 seconds40023050
Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water119.0 seconds40023050

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
QuinoneO=C1C=CC(=O)C=C11574.2Standard polar33892256
QuinoneO=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1887.3Standard non polar33892256
QuinoneO=C1C=CC(=O)C=C11105.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen Locations
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Bone Marrow
  • Fibroblasts
  • Kidney
  • Liver
  • Neuron
  • Skeletal Muscle
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB005755
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID4489
KEGG Compound IDC00472
BioCyc IDP-BENZOQUINONE
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia Link1,4-Benzoquinone
METLIN ID6905
PubChem Compound4650
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID16509
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceHarman, Robert E.; Cason, James. The preparation of quinones from p-aminophenols obtained by electrolytic reduction of aromatic nitro compounds. Journal of Organic Chemistry (1952), 17 1058-62.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Kwasnicka-Crawford DA, Vincent SR: Role of a novel dual flavin reductase (NR1) and an associated histidine triad protein (DCS-1) in menadione-induced cytotoxicity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Oct 21;336(2):565-71. [PubMed:16140270 ]
  2. Fabiani R, De Bartolomeo A, Morozzi G: Involvement of oxygen free radicals in the serum-mediated increase of benzoquinone genotoxicity. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2005 Oct;46(3):156-63. [PubMed:15920754 ]
  3. Gaskell M, McLuckie KI, Farmer PB: Comparison of the repair of DNA damage induced by the benzene metabolites hydroquinone and p-benzoquinone: a role for hydroquinone in benzene genotoxicity. Carcinogenesis. 2005 Mar;26(3):673-80. Epub 2004 Dec 23. [PubMed:15618234 ]
  4. Bello RI, Gomez-Diaz C, Navarro F, Alcain FJ, Villalba JM: Expression of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 in HeLa cells: role of hydrogen peroxide and growth phase. J Biol Chem. 2001 Nov 30;276(48):44379-84. Epub 2001 Sep 20. [PubMed:11567026 ]
  5. Park S, Geddes TJ, Javitch JA, Kuhn DM: Dopamine prevents nitration of tyrosine hydroxylase by peroxynitrite and nitrogen dioxide: is nitrotyrosine formation an early step in dopamine neuronal damage? J Biol Chem. 2003 Aug 1;278(31):28736-42. Epub 2003 May 27. [PubMed:12771134 ]
  6. Siegel D, Ryder J, Ross D: NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 expression in human bone marrow endothelial cells. Toxicol Lett. 2001 Dec 15;125(1-3):93-8. [PubMed:11701227 ]
  7. Roberg K, Johansson U, Ollinger K: Lysosomal release of cathepsin D precedes relocation of cytochrome c and loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential during apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med. 1999 Dec;27(11-12):1228-37. [PubMed:10641715 ]
  8. Yamazaki H, Shibata A, Suzuki M, Nakajima M, Shimada N, Guengerich FP, Yokoi T: Oxidation of troglitazone to a quinone-type metabolite catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 2C8 and P-450 3A4 in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Nov;27(11):1260-6. [PubMed:10534310 ]
  9. He K, Woolf TF, Kindt EK, Fielder AE, Talaat RE: Troglitazone quinone formation catalyzed by human and rat CYP3A: an atypical CYP oxidation reaction. Biochem Pharmacol. 2001 Jul 15;62(2):191-8. [PubMed:11389877 ]
  10. Soucek P: Cytochrome P450 destruction by quinones: comparison of effects in rat and human liver microsomes. Chem Biol Interact. 1999 Aug 1;121(3):223-36. [PubMed:10462055 ]
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Enzymes

Enzyme Details
1. Tyrosinase
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
This is a copper-containing oxidase that functions in the formation of pigments such as melanins and other polyphenolic compounds. Catalyzes the rate-limiting conversions of tyrosine to DOPA, DOPA to DOPA-quinone and possibly 5,6-dihydroxyindole to indole-5,6 quinone.
Gene Name:
TYR
Uniprot ID:
P14679
Molecular weight:
60392.69
Reactions
Hydroquinone + Oxygen → Quinone + Waterdetails
Enzyme Details
2. Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]
General function:
Involved in electron carrier activity
Specific function:
The enzyme apparently serves as a quinone reductase in connection with conjugation reactions of hydroquinones involved in detoxification pathways as well as in biosynthetic processes such as the vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylation of glutamate residues in prothrombin synthesis.
Gene Name:
NQO2
Uniprot ID:
P16083
Molecular weight:
25918.4
Enzyme Details
3. Amiloride-sensitive amine oxidase [copper-containing]
General function:
Involved in copper ion binding
Specific function:
Catalyzes the degradation of compounds such as putrescine, histamine, spermine, and spermidine, substances involved in allergic and immune responses, cell proliferation, tissue differentiation, tumor formation, and possibly apoptosis. Placental DAO is thought to play a role in the regulation of the female reproductive function.
Gene Name:
ABP1
Uniprot ID:
P19801
Molecular weight:
85377.1
Enzyme Details
4. Membrane primary amine oxidase
General function:
Involved in copper ion binding
Specific function:
Cell adhesion protein that participates in lymphocyte recirculation by mediating the binding of lymphocytes to peripheral lymph node vascular endothelial cells in an L-selectin-independent fashion. Has a monoamine oxidase activity. May play a role in adipogenesis.
Gene Name:
AOC3
Uniprot ID:
Q16853
Molecular weight:
84621.27
Enzyme Details
5. Retina-specific copper amine oxidase
General function:
Involved in copper ion binding
Specific function:
Has a monoamine oxidase activity with substrate specificity for 2-phenylethylamine and tryptamine. May play a role in adipogenesis. May be a critical modulator of signal transmission in retina.
Gene Name:
AOC2
Uniprot ID:
O75106
Molecular weight:
80515.11
Enzyme Details
6. Quinone oxidoreductase
General function:
Involved in zinc ion binding
Specific function:
Does not have alcohol dehydrogenase activity. Binds NADP and acts through a one-electron transfer process. Orthoquinones, such as 1,2-naphthoquinone or 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, are the best substrates (in vitro). May act in the detoxification of xenobiotics. Interacts with (AU)-rich elements (ARE) in the 3'-UTR of target mRNA species. Enhances the stability of mRNA coding for BCL2. NADPH binding interferes with mRNA binding.
Gene Name:
CRYZ
Uniprot ID:
Q08257
Molecular weight:
35206.36
Reactions
NADPH + Quinone → NADP + semiquinonedetails
Enzyme Details
7. NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1
General function:
Involved in electron carrier activity
Specific function:
The enzyme apparently serves as a quinone reductase in connection with conjugation reactions of hydroquinons involved in detoxification pathways as well as in biosynthetic processes such as the vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylation of glutamate residues in prothrombin synthesis.
Gene Name:
NQO1
Uniprot ID:
P15559
Molecular weight:
30867.405