1. 2-Phospho-D-glycerate
2. 2-Phospho-D-glyceric acid
3. D-Glycerate 2-phosphate
4. 3-D-Hydroxy-2-phosphonooxy-propanoic acid
5. (2R)-3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonooxy)propanoic acid
6. 3-D-Hydroxy-2-phosphonooxy-propanoate
7. (2R)-3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonooxy)propanoate

• Cytoplasm (Predicted from LogP)

1. Phosphoglycerate mutase 2
2. Phosphoglycerate mutase 1
3. Beta-enolase
4. Gamma-enolase
5. Alpha-enolase
6. Phosphoglycerate mutase family member 4 (PGAM3)

1. BPG-dependent PGAM 2
2. Muscle-specific phosphoglycerate mutase
3. Phosphoglycerate mutase isozyme M
4. PGAM-M

MATHRLVMVRHGESTWNQENRFCGWFDAELSEKGTEEAKRGAKAIKDAKMEFDICYTSVL
KRAIRTLWAILDGTDQMWLPVVRTWRLNERHYGGLTGLNKAETAAKHGEEQVKIWRRSFD
IPPPPMDEKHPYYNSISKERRYAGLKPGELPTCESLKDTIARALPFWNEEIVPQIKAGKR
VLIAAHGNSLRGIVKHLEGMSDQAIMELNLPTGIPIVYELNKELKPTKPMQFLGDEETVR
KAMEAVAAQGKAK

• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )

• 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate = 2,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate [RN:R01662]

• PGAM (PF00300 )

• None

• None

ATGGCCACTCACCGCCTCGTGATGGTCCGGCACGGCGAGACGACATGGAACCAGGAGAAC
CGTTTCTGTGGCTGGTTCGATGCAGAGCTGAGTGAAAAGGGGACCGAGGAGGCCAAGCGG
GGAGCCAAGGCCATCAAGGATGCCAAGATGGAGTTTGACATCTGCTACACGTCAGTGCTG
AAGCGGGCCATCCGAACCCTCTGGGCCATCCTGGACGGCACGGACCAGATGTGGCTGCCT
GTGGTGCGCACTTGGCGCTTCAATGAGCGGCATTACGGGGGCCTCACAGGCTTCAACAAG
GCAGAAACGGCCGCCAAGCACGGGGAGGAGCAGGTAAGATCTTGGAGGCGCTCCTTCGAC
ATCCCGCCGCCCCCGATGGACGAGAAGCACCCCTACTACAACTCCATTAGCAAGGAGCGT
CGGTACGCAGGCCTGAAGCCCGGGGAACTCCCCACCTGCGAGAGCCTCAAGGACACCATT
GCCCGGGCCCTGCCCTTCTGGAACGAGGAGATTGTTCCCCAGATCAAGGCCGGCAAGCGA
GTGCTCATTGCAGCCCACGGGAACAGCCTGCGGGGCATTGTCAAGCACCTGGAAGGGATG
TCAGACCAGGCGATCATGGAGCTGAACCTGCCCACGGGGATCCCCATTGTGTATGAGCTG
AACAAGGAGCTGAAGCCCACCAAGCCCATGCAGTTCCTGGGTGATGAGGAAACGGTGCGG
AAGGCCATGGAGGCTGTGGCTGCCCAGGGCAAGGCCAAGTGA

1. Castella-Escola J, Ojcius DM, LeBoulch P, Joulin V, Blouquit Y, Garel MC, Valentin C, Rosa R, Climent-Romeo F, Cohen-Solal M: Isolation and characterization of the gene encoding the muscle-specific isozyme of human phosphoglycerate mutase. Gene. 1990 Jul 16;91(2):225-32. [PubMed ]
2. Tsujino S, Sakoda S, Mizuno R, Kobayashi T, Suzuki T, Kishimoto S, Shanske S, DiMauro S, Schon EA: Structure of the gene encoding the muscle-specific subunit of human phosphoglycerate mutase. J Biol Chem. 1989 Sep 15;264(26):15334-7. [PubMed ]
3. Shanske S, Sakoda S, Hermodson MA, DiMauro S, Schon EA: Isolation of a cDNA encoding the muscle-specific subunit of human phosphoglycerate mutase. J Biol Chem. 1987 Oct 25;262(30):14612-7. [PubMed ]
4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
5. Denis NJ, Vasilescu J, Lambert JP, Smith JC, Figeys D: Tryptic digestion of ubiquitin standards reveals an improved strategy for identifying ubiquitinated proteins by mass spectrometry. Proteomics. 2007 Mar;7(6):868-74. [PubMed ]
6. Tsujino S, Shanske S, Sakoda S, Fenichel G, DiMauro S: The molecular genetic basis of muscle phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM) deficiency. Am J Hum Genet. 1993 Mar;52(3):472-7. [PubMed ]
7. Hadjigeorgiou GM, Kawashima N, Bruno C, Andreu AL, Sue CM, Rigden DJ, Kawashima A, Shanske S, DiMauro S: Manifesting heterozygotes in a Japanese family with a novel mutation in the muscle-specific phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM-M) gene. Neuromuscul Disord. 1999 Oct;9(6-7):399-402. [PubMed ]

1. BPG-dependent PGAM 1
2. Phosphoglycerate mutase isozyme B
3. PGAM-B

MAAYKLVLIRHGESAWNLENRFSGWYDADLSPAGHEEAKRGGQALRDAGYEFDICFTSVQ
KRAIRTLWTVLDAIDQMWLPVVRTWRLNERHYGGLTGLNKAETAAKHGEAQVKIWRRSYD
VPPPPMEPDHPFYSNISKDRRYADLTEDQLPSCESLKDTIARALPFWNEEIVPQIKEGKR
VLIAAHGNSLRGIVKHLEGLSEEAIMELNLPTGIPIVYELDKNLKPIKPMQFLGDEETVR
KAMEAVAAQGKAKK

• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )

• 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate = 2,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate [RN:R01662]

• PGAM (PF00300 )

• None

• None

ATGGCCGCCTACAAACTGGTGCTGATCCGGCACGGCGAGAGCGCATGGAACCTGGAGAAC
CGCTTCAGCGGCTGGTACGACGCCGACCTGAGCCCGGCGGGCCACGAGGAGGCGAAGCGC
GGCGGGCAGGCGCTACGAGATGCTGGCTATGAGTTTGACATCTGCTTCACCTCAGTGCAG
AAGAGAGCGATCCGGACCCTCTGGACAGTGCTAGATGCCATTGATCAGATGTGGCTGCCA
GTGGTGAGGACTTGGCGCCTCAATGAGCGGCACTATGGGGGTCTAACCGGTCTCAATAAA
GCAGAAACTGCTGCAAAGCATGGTGAGGCCCAGGTGAAGATCTGGAGGCGCTCCTATGAT
GTCCCACCACCTCCGATGGAGCCCGACCATCCTTTCTACAGCAACATCAGTAAGGATCGC
AGGTATGCAGACCTCACAGAAGATCAGCTACCCTCCTGTGAGAGTCTGAAGGATACTATT
GCCAGAGCTCTGCCCTTCTGGAATGAAGAAATAGTTCCCCAGATCAAGGAGGGGAAACGT
GTACTGATTGCAGCCCATGGCAACAGCCTCCGGGGCATTGTCAAGCATCTGGAGGGTCTC
TCTGAAGAGGCTATCATGGAGCTGAACCTGCCGACTGGTATTCCCATTGTCTATGAATTG
GACAAGAACTTGAAGCCTATCAAGCCCATGCAGTTTCTGGGGGATGAAGAGACGGTGCGC
AAAGCCATGGAAGCTGTGGCTGCCCAGGGCAAGGCCAAGAAGTGA

1. Sakoda S, Shanske S, DiMauro S, Schon EA: Isolation of a cDNA encoding the B isozyme of human phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM) and characterization of the PGAM gene family. J Biol Chem. 1988 Nov 15;263(32):16899-905. [PubMed ]
2. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
3. Blouquit Y, Calvin MC, Rosa R, Prome D, Prome JC, Pratbernou F, Cohen-Solal M, Rosa J: Sequence of the human erythrocyte phosphoglycerate mutase by microsequencer and mass spectrometry. J Biol Chem. 1988 Nov 15;263(32):16906-10. [PubMed ]
4. Rasmussen RK, Ji H, Eddes JS, Moritz RL, Reid GE, Simpson RJ, Dorow DS: Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of human breast carcinoma proteins: mapping of proteins that bind to the SH3 domain of mixed lineage kinase MLK2. Electrophoresis. 1997 Mar-Apr;18(3-4):588-98. [PubMed ]
5. Rush J, Moritz A, Lee KA, Guo A, Goss VL, Spek EJ, Zhang H, Zha XM, Polakiewicz RD, Comb MJ: Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2005 Jan;23(1):94-101. Epub 2004 Dec 12. [PubMed ]
6. Rikova K, Guo A, Zeng Q, Possemato A, Yu J, Haack H, Nardone J, Lee K, Reeves C, Li Y, Hu Y, Tan Z, Stokes M, Sullivan L, Mitchell J, Wetzel R, Macneill J, Ren JM, Yuan J, Bakalarski CE, Villen J, Kornhauser JM, Smith B, Li D, Zhou X, Gygi SP, Gu TL, Polakiewicz RD, Rush J, Comb MJ: Global survey of phosphotyrosine signaling identifies oncogenic kinases in lung cancer. Cell. 2007 Dec 14;131(6):1190-203. [PubMed ]
7. Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]
8. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
9. Heibeck TH, Ding SJ, Opresko LK, Zhao R, Schepmoes AA, Yang F, Tolmachev AV, Monroe ME, Camp DG 2nd, Smith RD, Wiley HS, Qian WJ: An extensive survey of tyrosine phosphorylation revealing new sites in human mammary epithelial cells. J Proteome Res. 2009 Aug;8(8):3852-61. [PubMed ]
10. Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed ]
11. Wang Y, Wei Z, Liu L, Cheng Z, Lin Y, Ji F, Gong W: Crystal structure of human B-type phosphoglycerate mutase bound with citrate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Jun 17;331(4):1207-15. [PubMed ]

1. 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase
2. Enolase 3
3. Muscle-specific enolase
4. MSE
5. Skeletal muscle enolase

MAMQKIFAREILDSRGNPTVEVDLHTAKGRFRAAVPSGASTGIYEALELRDGDKGRYLGK
GVLKAVENINSTLGPALLQKKLSVADQEKVDKFMIELDGTENKSKFGANAILGVSLAVCK
AGAAEKGVPLYRHIADLAGNPDLILPVPAFNVINGGSHAGNKLAMQEFMILPVGASSFKE
AMRIGAEVYHHLKGVIKAKYGKDATNVGDEGGFAPNILENNEALELLKTAIQAAGYPDKV
VIGMDVAASEFYRNGKYDLDFKSPDDPARHITGEKLGELYKSFIKNYPVVSIEDPFDQDD
WATWTSFLSGVNIQIVGDDLTVTNPKRIAQAVEKKACNCLLLKVNQIGSVTESIQACKLA
QSNGWGVMVSHRSGETEDTFIADLVVGLCTGQIKTGAPCRSERLAKYNQLMRIEEALGDK
AIFAGRKFRNPKAK

• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
• Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism (map00400 )

• 2-phospho-D-glycerate = phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O [RN:R00658]

• Enolase_C (PF00113 )
• Enolase_N (PF03952 )

• None

• None

ATGGCCATGCAGAAAATCTTTGCCCGGGAAATCTTGGACTCCAGGGGCAACCCCACGGTG
GAGGTGGACCTGCACACGGCCAAGGGCCGATTCCGAGCAGCTGTGCCCAGTGGGGCTTCC
ACGGGTATCTATGAGGCTCTGGAACTAAGAGACGGAGACAAAGGCCGCTACCTGGGGAAA
GGAGTCCTGAAGGCTGTGGAGAACATCAACAATACTCTGGGCCCTGCTCTGCTGCAAAAG
AAACTAAGCGTTGTTGATCAAGAAAAAGTTGACAAATTTATGATTGAGCTAGATGGGACC
GAGAATAAGTCCAAGTTTGGGGCCAATGCCATCCTGGGCGTGTCCTTGGCCGTGTGTAAG
GCGGGAGCAGCTGAGAAGGGGGTCCCCCTGTACCGCCACATCGCAGATCTCGCTGGGAAC
CCTGACCTCATACTCCCAGTGCCAGCCTTCAATGTGATCAACGGGGGCTCCCATGCTGGA
AACAACTTGGCCATGCAGGAGTTCATGATTCTGCCTGTGGGAGCCAGCTCCTTCAAGGAA
GCCATGCGCATTGGCGCCGAGGTCTACCACCACCTCAAGGGGGTCATCAAGGCCAAGTAT
GGGAAGGATGCCACCAATGTGGGTGATGAAGGTGGCTTCGCACCCAACATCCTGGAGAAC
AATGAGGCCCTGGAGCTGCTGAAGACGGCCATCCAGGCGGCTGGTTACCCAGACAAGGTG
GTGATCGGCATGGATGTGGCAGCATCTGAGTTCTATCGCAATGGGAAGTACGATCTTGAC
TTCAAGTCGCCTGATGATCCCGCACGGCACATCACTGGGGAGAAGCTCGGAGAGCTGTAT
AAGAGCTTTATCAAGAACTATCCTGTGGTCTCCATCGAAGACCCCTTTGACCAGGATGAC
TGGGCCACTTGGACCTCCTTCCTCTCGGGGGTGAACATCCAGATTGTGGGGGATGACTTG
ACAGTCACCAACCCCAAGAGGATTGCCCAGGCCGTTGAGAAGAAGGCCTGCAACTGTCTG
CTGCTGAAGGTCAACCAGATCGGCTCGGTGACCGAATCGATCCAGGCGTGCAAACTGGCT
CAGTCTAATGGCTGGGGGGTGATGGTGAGCCACCGCTCAGGGGAGACTGAGGACACATTC
ATTGCTGACCTTGTGGTGGGGCTCTGCACAGGACAGATCAAGACTGGCGCCCCCTGCCGC
TCGGAGCGTCTGGCCAAATACAACCAACTCATGAGGATCGAGGAGGCTCTTGGGGACAAG
GCAATCTTTGCTGGACGCAAGTTCCGTAACCCGAAGGCCAAGTGA

1. Peshavaria M, Hinks LJ, Day IN: Structure of human muscle (beta) enolase mRNA and protein deduced from a genomic clone. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Nov 11;17(21):8862. [PubMed ]
2. Cali L, Feo S, Oliva D, Giallongo A: Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding the human muscle-specific enolase (MSE). Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Apr 11;18(7):1893. [PubMed ]
3. Peshavaria M, Day IN: Molecular structure of the human muscle-specific enolase gene (ENO3). Biochem J. 1991 Apr 15;275 ( Pt 2):427-33. [PubMed ]
4. Giallongo A, Venturella S, Oliva D, Barbieri G, Rubino P, Feo S: Structural features of the human gene for muscle-specific enolase. Differential splicing in the 5'-untranslated sequence generates two forms of mRNA. Eur J Biochem. 1993 Jun 1;214(2):367-74. [PubMed ]
5. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
6. Zody MC, Garber M, Adams DJ, Sharpe T, Harrow J, Lupski JR, Nicholson C, Searle SM, Wilming L, Young SK, Abouelleil A, Allen NR, Bi W, Bloom T, Borowsky ML, Bugalter BE, Butler J, Chang JL, Chen CK, Cook A, Corum B, Cuomo CA, de Jong PJ, DeCaprio D, Dewar K, FitzGerald M, Gilbert J, Gibson R, Gnerre S, Goldstein S, Grafham DV, Grocock R, Hafez N, Hagopian DS, Hart E, Norman CH, Humphray S, Jaffe DB, Jones M, Kamal M, Khodiyar VK, LaButti K, Laird G, Lehoczky J, Liu X, Lokyitsang T, Loveland J, Lui A, Macdonald P, Major JE, Matthews L, Mauceli E, McCarroll SA, Mihalev AH, Mudge J, Nguyen C, Nicol R, O'Leary SB, Osoegawa K, Schwartz DC, Shaw-Smith C, Stankiewicz P, Steward C, Swarbreck D, Venkataraman V, Whittaker CA, Yang X, Zimmer AR, Bradley A, Hubbard T, Birren BW, Rogers J, Lander ES, Nusbaum C: DNA sequence of human chromosome 17 and analysis of rearrangement in the human lineage. Nature. 2006 Apr 20;440(7087):1045-9. [PubMed ]
7. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
8. Li TB, Liu XH, Feng S, Hu Y, Yang WX, Han Y, Wang YG, Gong LM: Characterization of MR-1, a novel myofibrillogenesis regulator in human muscle. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2004 Jun;36(6):412-8. [PubMed ]
9. Comi GP, Fortunato F, Lucchiari S, Bordoni A, Prelle A, Jann S, Keller A, Ciscato P, Galbiati S, Chiveri L, Torrente Y, Scarlato G, Bresolin N: Beta-enolase deficiency, a new metabolic myopathy of distal glycolysis. Ann Neurol. 2001 Aug;50(2):202-7. [PubMed ]

1. 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase
2. Enolase 2
3. Neural enolase
4. Neuron-specific enolase
5. NSE

MSIEKIWAREILDSRGNPTVEVDLYTAKGLFRAAVPSGASTGIYEALELRDGDKQRYLGK
GVLKAVDHINSTIAPALISSGLSVVEQEKLDNLMLELDGTENKSKFGANAILGVSLAVCK
AGAAERELPLYRHIAQLAGNSDLILPVPAFNVINGGSHAGNKLAMQEFMILPVGAESFRD
AMRLGAEVYHTLKGVIKDKYGKDATNVGDEGGFAPNILENSEALELVKEAIDKAGYTEKI
VIGMDVAASEFYRDGKYDLDFKSPTDPSRYITGDQLGALYQDFVRDYPVVSIEDPFDQDD
WAAWSKFTANVGIQIVGDDLTVTNPKRIERAVEEKACNCLLLKVNQIGSVTEAIQACKLA
QENGWGVMVSHRSGETEDTFIADLVVGLCTGQIKTGAPCRSERLAKYNQLMRIEEELGDE
ARFAGHNFRNPSVL

• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
• Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism (map00400 )

• 2-phospho-D-glycerate = phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O [RN:R00658]

• Enolase_C (PF00113 )
• Enolase_N (PF03952 )

• None

• None

TCCATACAGAAGATCTGGGCCCGGGAGATCCTGGACTCCCGTGGGAACCCCACAGTGGAG
GTGGATCTCTATACTGCCAAAGGTCTTTTCCGGGCTGCAGTGCCCAGTGGAGCCTCTACG
GGCATCTATGAGGCCCTGGAGCTGAGGGATGGAGACAAACAGCGTTACTTAGGCAAAGGT
GTCCTGAAGGCAGTGGACCACATCAACTCCACCATCGCGCCAGCCCTCATCAGCTCAGGT
CTCTCTGTGGTGGAGCAAGAGAAGCTGGACAACCTGATGCTGGAGTTGGATGGGACTGAG
AACAAATCCAAGTTTGGGGCCAATGCCATCCTGGGTGTGTCTCTGGCCGTGTGTAAGGCA
GGGGCAGCTGAGCGGGAACTGCCCCTGTATCGCCACATTGCTCAGCTGGCCGGGAACTCA
GACCTCATCCTGCCTGTGCCGGCCTTCAACGTGATCAATGGTGGCTCTCATGCTGGCAAC
AAGCTGGCCATGCAGGAGTTCATGATCCTCCCAGTGGGAGCTGAGAGCTTTCGGGATGCC
ATGCGACTAGGTGCAGAGGTCTACCATACTCTCAAGGGAGTCATCAAGGACAAATACGGC
AAGGATGCCACCAATGTGGGGGATGAAGGTGGCTTTGCCCCCAATATCCTGGAGAACAGT
GAAGCCTTGGAGCTGGTTAAGGAAGCCATCGACAAGGCTGGCTACACGGAAAAAATGGTT
ATTGGCATGGATGTTGCTGCCTCAGAGTTTTATCGTGATGGCAAATATGACTTGGACTTC
AAGTCTCCCACTGATCCTTCCCGATACATCACTGGGGACCAGCTGGGGGCACTCTACCAG
GACTTTGTCAGGGACTATCCTGTGGTCTCCATTGAGGACCCATTTGACCAGGATGATTGG
GCTGCCTGGTCCAAGTTCACAGCCAATGTAGGGATCCAGATTGTGGGTGATGACCTGACA
GTGACCAACCCAAAACGTATTGAGCGGGCAGTGGAAGAAAAGGCCTGCAACTGTCTGCTG
CTCAAGGTCAACCAGATCGGCTCGGTCACTGAAGCCATCCAAGCGTGCAAGCTGGCCCAG
GAGAATGGCTGGGGGGTCATGGTGAGTCATCGCTCAGGAGAGACTGAGGACACATTCATT
GCTGACCTGGTGGTGGGGCTGTGCACAGGCCAGATCAAGACTGGTGCCCCGTGCCGTTCT
GAACGTCTGGCTAAATACAATCAGCTCATGAGAATTGAGGAAGAGCTGGGGGATGAAGCT
CGCTTTGCCGGACATAACTTCCGTAATCCCAGTGTGCTG

1. McAleese SM, Dunbar B, Fothergill JE, Hinks LJ, Day IN: Complete amino acid sequence of the neurone-specific gamma isozyme of enolase (NSE) from human brain and comparison with the non-neuronal alpha form (NNE). Eur J Biochem. 1988 Dec 15;178(2):413-7. [PubMed ]
2. Van Obberghen E, Kamholz J, Bishop JG 3rd, Zomzely-Neurath C, Lazzarini RA, Lazzarini RA: Human gamma enolase: isolation of a cDNA clone and expression in normal and tumor tissues of human origin. J Neurosci Res. 1988 Apr;19(4):450-6. [PubMed ]
3. Oliva D, Barba G, Barbieri G, Giallongo A, Feo S: Cloning, expression and sequence homologies of cDNA for human gamma enolase. Gene. 1989 Jul 15;79(2):355-60. [PubMed ]
4. Oliva D, Cali L, Feo S, Giallongo A: Complete structure of the human gene encoding neuron-specific enolase. Genomics. 1991 May;10(1):157-65. [PubMed ]
5. Ansari-Lari MA, Shen Y, Muzny DM, Lee W, Gibbs RA: Large-scale sequencing in human chromosome 12p13: experimental and computational gene structure determination. Genome Res. 1997 Mar;7(3):268-80. [PubMed ]
6. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
7. Day IN, Allsopp MT, Moore DC, Thompson RJ: Sequence conservation in the 3'-untranslated regions of neurone-specific enolase, lymphokine and protooncogene mRNAs. FEBS Lett. 1987 Sep 28;222(1):139-43. [PubMed ]
8. Zhang Y, Wolf-Yadlin A, Ross PL, Pappin DJ, Rush J, Lauffenburger DA, White FM: Time-resolved mass spectrometry of tyrosine phosphorylation sites in the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling network reveals dynamic modules. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2005 Sep;4(9):1240-50. Epub 2005 Jun 11. [PubMed ]
9. Rush J, Moritz A, Lee KA, Guo A, Goss VL, Spek EJ, Zhang H, Zha XM, Polakiewicz RD, Comb MJ: Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2005 Jan;23(1):94-101. Epub 2004 Dec 12. [PubMed ]
10. Rikova K, Guo A, Zeng Q, Possemato A, Yu J, Haack H, Nardone J, Lee K, Reeves C, Li Y, Hu Y, Tan Z, Stokes M, Sullivan L, Mitchell J, Wetzel R, Macneill J, Ren JM, Yuan J, Bakalarski CE, Villen J, Kornhauser JM, Smith B, Li D, Zhou X, Gygi SP, Gu TL, Polakiewicz RD, Rush J, Comb MJ: Global survey of phosphotyrosine signaling identifies oncogenic kinases in lung cancer. Cell. 2007 Dec 14;131(6):1190-203. [PubMed ]
11. Heibeck TH, Ding SJ, Opresko LK, Zhao R, Schepmoes AA, Yang F, Tolmachev AV, Monroe ME, Camp DG 2nd, Smith RD, Wiley HS, Qian WJ: An extensive survey of tyrosine phosphorylation revealing new sites in human mammary epithelial cells. J Proteome Res. 2009 Aug;8(8):3852-61. [PubMed ]
12. Chai G, Brewer JM, Lovelace LL, Aoki T, Minor W, Lebioda L: Expression, purification and the 1.8 angstroms resolution crystal structure of human neuron specific enolase. J Mol Biol. 2004 Aug 20;341(4):1015-21. [PubMed ]

1. 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase
2. C-myc promoter-binding protein
3. Enolase 1
4. MBP-1
5. MPB-1
6. Non-neural enolase
7. NNE
8. Phosphopyruvate hydratase
9. Plasminogen-binding protein

MSILKIHAREIFDSRGNPTVEVDLFTSKGLFRAAVPSGASTGIYEALELRDNDKTRYMGK
GVSKAVEHINKTIAPALVSKKLNVTEQEKIDKLMIEMDGTENKSKFGANAILGVSLAVCK
AGAVEKGVPLYRHIADLAGNSEVILPVPAFNVINGGSHAGNKLAMQEFMILPVGAANFRE
AMRIGAEVYHNLKNVIKEKYGKDATNVGDEGGFAPNILENKEGLELLKTAIGKAGYTDKV
VIGMDVAASEFFRSGKYDLDFKSPDDPSRYISPDQLADLYKSFIKDYPVVSIEDPFDQDD
WGAWQKFTASAGIQVVGDDLTVTNPKRIAKAVNEKSCNCLLLKVNQIGSVTESLQACKLA
QANGWGVMVSHRSGETEDTFIADLVVGLCTGQIKTGAPCRSERLAKYNQLLRIEEELGSK
AKFAGRNFRNPLAK

• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
• Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism (map00400 )

• 2-phospho-D-glycerate = phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O [RN:R00658]

• Enolase_C (PF00113 )
• Enolase_N (PF03952 )

• None

• None

ATGTCTATTCTCAAGATCCATGCCAGGGAGATCTTTGACTCTCGCGGGAATCCCACTGTT
GAGGTTGATCTCTTCACCTCAAAAGGTCTCTTCAGAGCTGCTGTGCCCAGTGGTGCTTCA
ACTGGTATCTATGAGGCCCTAGAGCTCCGGGACAATGATAAGACTCGCTATATGGGGAAG
GGTGTCTCAAAGGCTGTTGAGCACATCAATAAAACTATTGCGCCTGCCCTGGTTAGCAAG
AAACTGAACGTCACAGAACAAGAGAAGATTGACAAACTGATGATCGAGATGGATGGAACA
GAAAATAAATCTAAGTTTGGTGCGAACGCCATTCTGGGGGTGTCCCTTGCCGTCTGCAAA
GCTGGTGCCGTTGAGAAGGGGGTCCCCCTGTACCGCCACATCGCTGACTTGGCTGGCAAC
TCTGAAGTCATCCTGCCAGTCCCGGCGTTCAATGTCATCAATGGCGGTTCTCATGCTGGC
AACAAGCTGGCCATGCAGGAGTTCATGATCCTCCCAGTCGGTGCAGCAAACTTCAGGGAA
GCCATGCGCATTGGAGCAGAGGTTTACCACAACCTGAAGAATGTCATCAAGGAGAAATAT
GGGAAAGATGCCACCAATGTGGGGGATGAAGGCGGGTTTGCTCCCAACATCCTGGAGAAT
AAAGAAGGCCTGGAGCTGCTGAAGACTGCTATTGGGAAAGCTGGCTACACTGATAAGGTG
GTCATCGGCATGGACGTAGCGGCCTCCGAGTTCTTCAGGTCTGGGAAGTATGACCTGGAC
TTCAAGTCTCCCGATGACCCCAGCAGGTACATCTCGCCTGACCAGCTGGCTGACCTGTAC
AAGTCCTTCATCAAGGACTACCCAGTGGTGTCTATCGAAGATCCCTTTGACCAGGATGAC
TGGGGAGCTTGGCAGAAGTTCACAGCCAGTGCAGGAATCCAGGTAGTGGGGGATGATCTC
ACAGTGACCAACCCAAAGAGGATCGCCAAGGCCGTGAACGAGAAGTCCTGCAACTGCCTC
CTGCTCAAAGTCAACCAGATTGGCTCCGTGACCGAGTCTCTTCAGGCGTGCAAGCTGGCC
CAGGCCAATGGTTGGGGCGTCATGGTGTCTCATCGTTCGGGGGAGACTGAAGATACCTTC
ATCGCTGACCTGGTTGTGGGGCTGTGCACTGGGCAGATCAAGACTGGTGCCCCTTGCCGA
TCTGAGCGCTTGGCCAAGTACAACCAGCTCCTCAGAATTGAAGAGGAGCTGGGCAGCAAG
GCTAAGTTTGCCGGCAGGAACTTCAGAAACCCCTTGGCCAAGTAA

1. Giallongo A, Feo S, Moore R, Croce CM, Showe LC: Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a full-length cDNA for human alpha enolase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Sep;83(18):6741-5. [PubMed ]
2. Giallongo A, Oliva D, Cali L, Barba G, Barbieri G, Feo S: Structure of the human gene for alpha-enolase. Eur J Biochem. 1990 Jul 5;190(3):567-73. [PubMed ]
3. Ray R, Miller DM: Cloning and characterization of a human c-myc promoter-binding protein. Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Apr;11(4):2154-61. [PubMed ]
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8. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
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11. Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, Muzny DM, Ding Y, Liu W, Ricafrente JY, Wentland MA, Lennon G, Gibbs RA: Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing. Genome Res. 1997 Apr;7(4):353-8. [PubMed ]
12. Sugahara T, Nakajima H, Shirahata S, Murakami H: Purification and characterization of immunoglobulin production stimulating factor-II beta derived from Namalwa cells. Cytotechnology. 1992;10(2):137-46. [PubMed ]
13. Mohammad RM, Hamdan MY, al-Katib A: Induced expression of alpha-enolase in differentiated diffuse large cell lymphoma. Enzyme Protein. 1994-1995;48(1):37-44. [PubMed ]
14. Ghosh AK, Steele R, Ray RB: Functional domains of c-myc promoter binding protein 1 involved in transcriptional repression and cell growth regulation. Mol Cell Biol. 1999 Apr;19(4):2880-6. [PubMed ]
15. Feo S, Arcuri D, Piddini E, Passantino R, Giallongo A: ENO1 gene product binds to the c-myc promoter and acts as a transcriptional repressor: relationship with Myc promoter-binding protein 1 (MBP-1). FEBS Lett. 2000 May 4;473(1):47-52. [PubMed ]
16. Lopez-Alemany R, Longstaff C, Hawley S, Mirshahi M, Fabregas P, Jardi M, Merton E, Miles LA, Felez J: Inhibition of cell surface mediated plasminogen activation by a monoclonal antibody against alpha-Enolase. Am J Hematol. 2003 Apr;72(4):234-42. [PubMed ]
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32. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]

MAAYKLVLIRHGESTWNLENRFSCWYDADLSPAGHEEAKRGGQALRDAGYEFDICLTSVQ
KRVIRTLWTVLDAIDQMWLPVVRTWRLNERHYGGLTGLNKAETAAKHGEAQVKIWRRSYD
VPPPPMEPDHPFYSNISKDRRYADLTEDQLPSYESPKDTIARALPFWNEEIVPQIKEGKR
VLIAAHGNSLQGIAKHVEGLSEEAIMELNLPTGIPIVYELDKNLKPIKPMQFLGDEETVC
KAIEAVAAQGKAKK

• PGAM (PF00300 )

• None

• None

ATGGCCGCCTACAAACTGGTGCTGATCCGGCACGGCGAGAGCACATGGAACCTGGAGAAC
CGCTTCAGCTGCTGGTACGACGCCGATCTGAGCCCGGCGGGCCACGAGGAGGCGAAGCGC
GGCGGGCAGGCGCTACGAGATGCTGGCTATGAGTTTGACATCTGCCTCACCTCAGTGCAG
AAGAGAGTGATCCGGACCCTCTGGACAGTGCTAGATGCCATTGATCAGATGTGGCTGCCA
GTGGTGAGGACTTGGCGCCTCAATGAGCGGCACTATGGGGGTCTAACCGGTCTCAATAAA
GCAGAAACTGCTGCAAAGCATGGTGAGGCCCAGGTGAAGATCTGGAGGCGCTCCTATGAT
GTCCCACCACCTCCGATGGAGCCCGACCATCCTTTCTACAGCAACATCAGTAAGGATCGC
AGGTATGCAGACCTCACAGAAGATCAGCTACCCTCCTATGAGAGTCCGAAGGATACTATT
GCCAGAGCTCTGCCCTTCTGGAATGAAGAAATAGTTCCCCAGATCAAGGAGGGGAAACGT
GTACTGATTGCAGCCCATGGCAACAGCCTCCAGGGCATTGCCAAGCATGTGGAGGGTCTC
TCTGAAGAGGCTATCATGGAGCTGAACCTGCCGACTGGTATTCCCATCGTCTATGAATTG
GACAAGAACTTGAAGCCTATCAAGCCCATGCAGTTTCTGGGGGATGAAGAGACGGTGTGC
AAAGCCATAGAAGCTGTGGCTGCCCAGGGCAAGGCCAAGAAG