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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:50 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:44 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0014775
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB14775
Metabolite Identification
Common NameAstemizole
DescriptionAstemizole, also known as astemison or hismanal, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzimidazoles. These are organic compounds containing a benzene ring fused to an imidazole ring (five member ring containing a nitrogen atom, 4 carbon atoms, and two double bonds). Astemizole is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). In humans, astemizole is involved in astemizole h1-antihistamine action. Astemizole is a potentially toxic compound. A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-amino group at the 4-position.
Structure
Data?1582753219
Synonyms
ValueSource
1-(p-Fluorobenzyl)-2-((1-(2-(p-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)piperid-4-yl)amino)benzimidazoleChEBI
1-(p-Fluorobenzyl)-2-((1-(p-methoxyphenethyl)-4-piperidyl)amino)benzimidazoleChEBI
AstemisonChEBI
AstemizolChEBI
AstemizolumChEBI
HismanalKegg
Alonga brand OF astemizoleHMDB
Astemizole alacan brandHMDB
Astemizole byk brandHMDB
Astemizole diba brandHMDB
Astemizole esteve brandHMDB
Astemizole senosiain brandHMDB
Astemizole ratiopharm brandHMDB
Esteve brand OF astemizoleHMDB
Fustery brand OF astemizoleHMDB
HistaminosHMDB
ICN brand OF astemizoleHMDB
RifedotHMDB
RimbolHMDB
Senosiain brand OF astemizoleHMDB
Smaller brand OF astemizoleHMDB
Alonga, astemizolHMDB
AsteminaHMDB
Astemizol alongaHMDB
Astemizole icn brandHMDB
Astemizole medinsa brandHMDB
Astemizole merck brandHMDB
Astemizole smaller brandHMDB
Astemizole urbion brandHMDB
Astemizole vita brandHMDB
AstesenHMDB
HubermizolHMDB
LaridalHMDB
Lesvi brand OF astemizoleHMDB
Reig jofre brand OF astemizoleHMDB
RomadinHMDB
Urbion brand OF astemizoleHMDB
Ratiopharm brand OF astemizoleHMDB
Ratiopharm, astemizolHMDB
Astemizole alonga brandHMDB
Astemizole elfar brandHMDB
Astemizole fustery brandHMDB
Astemizole janssen brandHMDB
Astemizole lesvi brandHMDB
Astemizole mcneil brandHMDB
Astemizole septa brandHMDB
Byk brand OF astemizoleHMDB
Diba brand OF astemizoleHMDB
Elfar brand OF astemizoleHMDB
EmdarHMDB
FustermizolHMDB
McNeil brand OF astemizoleHMDB
Merck brand OF astemizoleHMDB
SimproxHMDB
UrdrimHMDB
Alacan brand OF astemizoleHMDB
AlermizolHMDB
Astemizol ratiopharmHMDB
EsmacenHMDB
Janssen brand OF astemizoleHMDB
Medinsa brand OF astemizoleHMDB
ParalerginHMDB
RetolenHMDB
Septa brand OF astemizoleHMDB
Vita brand OF astemizoleHMDB
Chemical FormulaC28H31FN4O
Average Molecular Weight458.5703
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight458.248189839
IUPAC Name1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-N-{1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-yl}-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-amine
Traditional Nameastemizole
CAS Registry Number68844-77-9
SMILES
COC1=CC=C(CCN2CCC(CC2)NC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N2CC2=CC=C(F)C=C2)C=C1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C28H31FN4O/c1-34-25-12-8-21(9-13-25)14-17-32-18-15-24(16-19-32)30-28-31-26-4-2-3-5-27(26)33(28)20-22-6-10-23(29)11-7-22/h2-13,24H,14-20H2,1H3,(H,30,31)
InChI KeyGXDALQBWZGODGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzimidazoles. These are organic compounds containing a benzene ring fused to an imidazole ring (five member ring containing a nitrogen atom, 4 carbon atoms, and two double bonds).
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassBenzimidazoles
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentBenzimidazoles
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Benzimidazole
  • Phenethylamine
  • Anisole
  • Phenoxy compound
  • Phenol ether
  • Methoxybenzene
  • Alkyl aryl ether
  • Fluorobenzene
  • Halobenzene
  • Aralkylamine
  • Piperidine
  • Benzenoid
  • Aryl fluoride
  • Aryl halide
  • N-substituted imidazole
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Azole
  • Imidazole
  • Tertiary aliphatic amine
  • Tertiary amine
  • Azacycle
  • Ether
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Amine
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organohalogen compound
  • Organofluoride
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point149.1 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.0012 g/LNot Available
LogP5.8Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0012 g/LALOGPS
logP5.92ALOGPS
logP5.39ChemAxon
logS-5.6ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)8.75ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area42.32 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count8ChemAxon
Refractivity135.64 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability52.08 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings5ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+208.11530932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-205.75730932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-238.82930932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+214.20830932474
AllCCS[M+H]+215.132859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+213.232859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+216.932859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+217.432859911
AllCCS[M-H]-205.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-205.932859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-206.332859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
AstemizoleCOC1=CC=C(CCN2CCC(CC2)NC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N2CC2=CC=C(F)C=C2)C=C15165.1Standard polar33892256
AstemizoleCOC1=CC=C(CCN2CCC(CC2)NC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N2CC2=CC=C(F)C=C2)C=C13655.3Standard non polar33892256
AstemizoleCOC1=CC=C(CCN2CCC(CC2)NC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N2CC2=CC=C(F)C=C2)C=C13947.9Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Astemizole,1TMS,isomer #1COC1=CC=C(CCN2CCC(N(C3=NC4=CC=CC=C4N3CC3=CC=C(F)C=C3)[Si](C)(C)C)CC2)C=C13820.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Astemizole,1TMS,isomer #1COC1=CC=C(CCN2CCC(N(C3=NC4=CC=CC=C4N3CC3=CC=C(F)C=C3)[Si](C)(C)C)CC2)C=C13431.0Standard non polar33892256
Astemizole,1TMS,isomer #1COC1=CC=C(CCN2CCC(N(C3=NC4=CC=CC=C4N3CC3=CC=C(F)C=C3)[Si](C)(C)C)CC2)C=C14880.0Standard polar33892256
Astemizole,1TBDMS,isomer #1COC1=CC=C(CCN2CCC(N(C3=NC4=CC=CC=C4N3CC3=CC=C(F)C=C3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC2)C=C14020.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Astemizole,1TBDMS,isomer #1COC1=CC=C(CCN2CCC(N(C3=NC4=CC=CC=C4N3CC3=CC=C(F)C=C3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC2)C=C13588.7Standard non polar33892256
Astemizole,1TBDMS,isomer #1COC1=CC=C(CCN2CCC(N(C3=NC4=CC=CC=C4N3CC3=CC=C(F)C=C3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC2)C=C14887.4Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Astemizole GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0a4i-1922000000-2742ecd8a8c6af4db4282017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Astemizole GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Astemizole 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0110900000-7c47b2813568251daf1e2016-08-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Astemizole 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-052r-1947600000-b67040fd618da0f36a6a2016-08-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Astemizole 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0016-2940000000-e1a0cda3eae5d6bc1cf62016-08-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Astemizole 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0010900000-e80e4e306be153aeab7c2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Astemizole 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0abc-0145900000-d00ee25e0101b4beb25a2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Astemizole 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-01qd-3893000000-dae89e0c7d17da3e1c782016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Astemizole 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0000900000-416ae1ceda818e4c922c2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Astemizole 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0200900000-3d85252f27ae2ba0258e2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Astemizole 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0570-1624900000-4ea28e09b60d7c3b36182021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Astemizole 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0000900000-afe434091fa2787a5ed52021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Astemizole 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0000900000-142d31f8c19fb007efb72021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Astemizole 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a59-0794800000-0f835aeecbc38bc493f22021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00637 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00637 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Predicted Concentrations
BiospecimenValueOriginal ageOriginal sexOriginal conditionComments
Blood0.000 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Blood0.000 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00637
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID2160
KEGG Compound IDC06832
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkAstemizole
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound2247
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID2896
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Wang X, Hockerman GH, Green HW 3rd, Babbs CF, Mohammad SI, Gerrard D, Latour MA, London B, Hannon KM, Pond AL: Merg1a K+ channel induces skeletal muscle atrophy by activating the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. FASEB J. 2006 Jul;20(9):1531-3. Epub 2006 May 24. [PubMed:16723379 ]
  2. Chong CR, Chen X, Shi L, Liu JO, Sullivan DJ Jr: A clinical drug library screen identifies astemizole as an antimalarial agent. Nat Chem Biol. 2006 Aug;2(8):415-6. Epub 2006 Jul 2. [PubMed:16816845 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide.
Gene Name:
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID:
P08684
Molecular weight:
57255.585
References
  1. Nicolas JM, Whomsley R, Collart P, Roba J: In vitro inhibition of human liver drug metabolizing enzymes by second generation antihistamines. Chem Biol Interact. 1999 Nov 15;123(1):63-79. [PubMed:10597902 ]
  2. Matsumoto S, Yamazoe Y: Involvement of multiple human cytochromes P450 in the liver microsomal metabolism of astemizole and a comparison with terfenadine. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2001 Feb;51(2):133-42. [PubMed:11259984 ]
  3. Cvetkovic RS, Goa KL: Lopinavir/ritonavir: a review of its use in the management of HIV infection. Drugs. 2003;63(8):769-802. [PubMed:12662125 ]
  4. Goto A, Adachi Y, Inaba A, Nakajima H, Kobayashi H, Sakai K: Identification of human p450 isoforms involved in the metabolism of the antiallergic drug, oxatomide, and its inhibitory effect on enzyme activity. Biol Pharm Bull. 2004 May;27(5):684-90. [PubMed:15133245 ]
  5. Goto A, Ueda K, Inaba A, Nakajima H, Kobayashi H, Sakai K: Identification of human P450 isoforms involved in the metabolism of the antiallergic drug, oxatomide, and its kinetic parameters and inhibition constants. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 Feb;28(2):328-34. [PubMed:15684493 ]
  6. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [PubMed:10592235 ]
  7. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants.
Gene Name:
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID:
P10635
Molecular weight:
55768.94
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
Gene Name:
CYP3A5
Uniprot ID:
P20815
Molecular weight:
57108.065
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
Gene Name:
CYP3A7
Uniprot ID:
P24462
Molecular weight:
57525.03
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
This enzyme metabolizes arachidonic acid predominantly via a NADPH-dependent olefin epoxidation to all four regioisomeric cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. One of the predominant enzymes responsible for the epoxidation of endogenous cardiac arachidonic acid pools.
Gene Name:
CYP2J2
Uniprot ID:
P51589
Molecular weight:
57610.165
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in ion channel activity
Specific function:
Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel. Channel properties are modulated by cAMP and subunit assembly. Mediates the rapidly activating component of the delayed rectifying potassium current in heart (IKr). Isoform 3 has no channel activity by itself, but modulates channel characteristics when associated with isoform 1
Gene Name:
KCNH2
Uniprot ID:
Q12809
Molecular weight:
126653.5
References
  1. Zhou Z, Vorperian VR, Gong Q, Zhang S, January CT: Block of HERG potassium channels by the antihistamine astemizole and its metabolites desmethylastemizole and norastemizole. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 1999 Jun;10(6):836-43. [PubMed:10376921 ]
  2. Chachin M, Katayama Y, Yamada M, Horio Y, Ohmura T, Kitagawa H, Uchida S, Kurachi Y: Epinastine, a nonsedating histamine H1 receptor antagonist, has a negligible effect on HERG channel. Eur J Pharmacol. 1999 Jun 25;374(3):457-60. [PubMed:10422790 ]
  3. Taglialatela M, Castaldo P, Pannaccione A, Giorgio G, Genovese A, Marone G, Annunziato L: Cardiac ion channels and antihistamines: possible mechanisms of cardiotoxicity. Clin Exp Allergy. 1999 Jul;29 Suppl 3:182-9. [PubMed:10444235 ]
  4. Grzelewska-Rzymowska I, Pietrzkowicz M, Gorska M: [The effect of second generation histamine antagonists on the heart]. Pneumonol Alergol Pol. 2001;69(3-4):217-26. [PubMed:11575008 ]
  5. Chiu PJ, Marcoe KF, Bounds SE, Lin CH, Feng JJ, Lin A, Cheng FC, Crumb WJ, Mitchell R: Validation of a [3H]astemizole binding assay in HEK293 cells expressing HERG K+ channels. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004 Jul;95(3):311-9. [PubMed:15272206 ]
General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
In peripheral tissues, the H1 subclass of histamine receptors mediates the contraction of smooth muscles, increase in capillary permeability due to contraction of terminal venules, and catecholamine release from adrenal medulla, as well as mediating neurotransmission in the central nervous system
Gene Name:
HRH1
Uniprot ID:
P35367
Molecular weight:
55783.6
References
  1. Salata JJ, Jurkiewicz NK, Wallace AA, Stupienski RF 3rd, Guinosso PJ Jr, Lynch JJ Jr: Cardiac electrophysiological actions of the histamine H1-receptor antagonists astemizole and terfenadine compared with chlorpheniramine and pyrilamine. Circ Res. 1995 Jan;76(1):110-9. [PubMed:8001268 ]
  2. Howarth PH, Emanuel MB, Holgate ST: Astemizole, a potent histamine H1-receptor antagonist: effect in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, on antigen and histamine induced skin weal responses and relationship to serum levels. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1984 Jul;18(1):1-8. [PubMed:6146346 ]
  3. Kaliner MA, Check WA: Non-sedating antihistamines. Allergy Proc. 1988 Nov-Dec;9(6):649-63. [PubMed:3147222 ]
  4. Cavero I, Mestre M, Guillon JM, Heuillet E, Roach AG: Preclinical in vitro cardiac electrophysiology: a method of predicting arrhythmogenic potential of antihistamines in humans? Drug Saf. 1999;21 Suppl 1:19-31; discussion 81-7. [PubMed:10597865 ]
  5. Llenas J, Cardelus I, Heredia A, de Mora F, Gristwood RW: Cardiotoxicity of histamine and the possible role of histamine in the arrhythmogenesis produced by certain antihistamines. Drug Saf. 1999;21 Suppl 1:33-8; discussion 81-7. [PubMed:10597866 ]
  6. Richards DM, Brogden RN, Heel RC, Speight TM, Avery GS: Astemizole. A review of its pharmacodynamic properties and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs. 1984 Jul;28(1):38-61. [PubMed:6204835 ]
  7. Krstenansky PM, Cluxton RJ Jr: Astemizole: a long-acting, nonsedating antihistamine. Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1987 Dec;21(12):947-53. [PubMed:2892659 ]
  8. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]

Transporters

General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells
Gene Name:
ABCB1
Uniprot ID:
P08183
Molecular weight:
141477.3
References
  1. Schwab D, Fischer H, Tabatabaei A, Poli S, Huwyler J: Comparison of in vitro P-glycoprotein screening assays: recommendations for their use in drug discovery. J Med Chem. 2003 Apr 24;46(9):1716-25. [PubMed:12699389 ]
  2. Ishikawa M, Fujita R, Takayanagi M, Takayanagi Y, Sasaki K: Reversal of acquired resistance to doxorubicin in K562 human leukemia cells by astemizole. Biol Pharm Bull. 2000 Jan;23(1):112-5. [PubMed:10706423 ]