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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:51 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:52 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0015105
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB15105
Metabolite Identification
Common NameDactinomycin
DescriptionDactinomycin, also known as cosmegen or actd, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cyclic depsipeptides. These are natural or synthetic compounds having sequences of amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues (usually α-amino and α-hydroxy acids) connected in a ring. The residues are commonly but not necessarily regularly alternating. Dactinomycin is a drug which is used for the treatment of wilms' tumor, childhood rhabdomyosarcoma, ewing's sarcoma and metastatic, nonseminomatous testicular cancer as part of a combination chemotherapy and/or multi-modality treatment regimen. Dactinomycin is in the cytotoxic antibiotic family of medications. Dactinomycin is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Because actinomycin can bind DNA duplexes, it can also interfere with DNA replication, although other chemicals such as hydroxyurea are better suited for use in the laboratory as inhibitors of DNA synthesis. Actinomycin D does this by binding DNA at the transcription initiation complex and preventing elongation of RNA chain by RNA polymerase. It was first isolated by Selman Waksman and his co-worker H. Boyd Woodruff in 1940. Use in pregnancy may harm the baby. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$24.73 per 500 mcg vial.
Structure
Data?1582753259
Synonyms
ValueSource
2-Amino-N,n'-bis(hexadecahydro-2,5,9-trimethyl-6,13-bis(1-methylethyl)-1,4,7,11,14-pentaoxo-1H-pyrrolo(2,1-i)(1,4,7,10,13)oxatetra-azacyclohexadecin-10-yl)-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-3H-phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamideChEBI
ActDChEBI
Actinomycin C1ChEBI
Actinomycin IVChEBI
Actinomycin DHMDB
Ac-deHMDB
CosmegenHMDB
Lyovac, cosmegenHMDB
MSD Brand OF dactinomycinHMDB
Lemery brand OF dactinomycinHMDB
Lyovac-cosmegenHMDB
Merck brand OF dactinomycinHMDB
Merck sharp and dohme brand OF dactinomycinHMDB
Cosmegen lyovacHMDB
MeractinomycinHMDB
ActinomycinHMDB
Merck frosst brand OF dactinomycinHMDB
Lyovac cosmegenHMDB
LyovacCosmegenHMDB
DactinomycinChEBI
Chemical FormulaC62H86N12O16
Average Molecular Weight1255.417
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight1254.628474764
IUPAC NameN1,N9-bis[(6S,9R,10S,13R,18aS)-2,5,9-trimethyl-1,4,7,11,14-pentaoxo-6,13-bis(propan-2-yl)-hexadecahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-i]1-oxa-4,7,10,13-tetraazacyclohexadecan-10-yl]-2-amino-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-3H-phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide
Traditional Nameactinomycin D
CAS Registry Number50-76-0
SMILES
[H][C@@]12CCCN1C(=O)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C1=C3N=C4C(OC3=C(C)C=C1)=C(C)C(=O)C(N)=C4C(=O)N[C@H]1[C@@H](C)OC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C(=O)[C@]3([H])CCCN3C(=O)[C@H](NC1=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)OC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C2=O)C(C)C
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C62H86N12O16/c1-27(2)42-59(84)73-23-17-19-36(73)57(82)69(13)25-38(75)71(15)48(29(5)6)61(86)88-33(11)44(55(80)65-42)67-53(78)35-22-21-31(9)51-46(35)64-47-40(41(63)50(77)32(10)52(47)90-51)54(79)68-45-34(12)89-62(87)49(30(7)8)72(16)39(76)26-70(14)58(83)37-20-18-24-74(37)60(85)43(28(3)4)66-56(45)81/h21-22,27-30,33-34,36-37,42-45,48-49H,17-20,23-26,63H2,1-16H3,(H,65,80)(H,66,81)(H,67,78)(H,68,79)/t33-,34-,36+,37+,42-,43-,44+,45+,48+,49+/m1/s1
InChI KeyRJURFGZVJUQBHK-IIXSONLDSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cyclic depsipeptides. These are natural or synthetic compounds having sequences of amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues (usually α-amino and α-hydroxy acids) connected in a ring. The residues are commonly but not necessarily regularly alternating.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassPeptidomimetics
Sub ClassDepsipeptides
Direct ParentCyclic depsipeptides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Cyclic depsipeptide
  • Macrolide lactam
  • Phenoxazine
  • Alpha-amino acid ester
  • Macrolactam
  • N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives
  • Alpha-amino acid or derivatives
  • Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Benzenoid
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Vinylogous amide
  • Pyrrolidine
  • Tertiary carboxylic acid amide
  • Amino acid or derivatives
  • Carboxamide group
  • Carboxylic acid ester
  • Lactam
  • Lactone
  • Cyclic ketone
  • Secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • Oxacycle
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Azacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Amine
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Primary amine
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point241.5 - 243 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.02 g/LNot Available
LogP1.6Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.02 g/LALOGPS
logP2.76ALOGPS
logP-0.097ChemAxon
logS-4.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)10.52ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-0.13ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count16ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count5ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area355.54 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count8ChemAxon
Refractivity326.17 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability129.2 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings7ChemAxon
BioavailabilityNoChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M-2H]-398.52530932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+372.08730932474

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Not Available
Spectra

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dactinomycin 35V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0090000000-ba1a80d1dd6e6d78ec802021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dactinomycin 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0090000000-b6657895c2c2027cb6c52021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dactinomycin 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0090010130-884cc5441754e085b14b2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dactinomycin 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0090000000-ed6bad4011bdcf980dde2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dactinomycin 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0090000000-addf6d54cdb7ff22a1bc2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dactinomycin 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0093110063-c629d685cc374ab07efd2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dactinomycin 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0090000000-c6736d48e7b64c20e2032021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dactinomycin 35V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0090000031-7af90544ad0c4a79e0c52021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dactinomycin 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0abi-0090100500-826678da9161b81bf64a2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dactinomycin 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0601-0040100900-2fb41c6f4520301f96e92017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dactinomycin 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0191201100-81336cea4ce1fbd12e3d2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dactinomycin 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0190000200-b4e0df12772f1fab0f062017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dactinomycin 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0012-0250100900-d303295b1a0e65afe4f72017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dactinomycin 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001r-0090400800-1fff0856bff453aa4a0e2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dactinomycin 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0090000300-0908ca48fc52e09147552021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dactinomycin 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-0091100800-30a0413cd3100a15718c2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dactinomycin 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0090100200-1ce20b5dfbb8e4e826d12021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dactinomycin 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0090020300-f060767098975508202b2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dactinomycin 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udr-1090330500-ea63421dc1ef3545c1d32021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Dactinomycin 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0fdn-2330800900-6c34927105fbf47374ab2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00970 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00970 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00970
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID10482167
KEGG Compound IDC06770
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkDactinomycin
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound457193
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID27666
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Sobell HM: Actinomycin and DNA transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Aug;82(16):5328-31. [PubMed:2410919 ]
  2. Khatua S, Nair CN, Ghosh K: Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia following dactinomycin therapy in a child with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: the unresolved issues. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2004 Nov;26(11):777-9. [PubMed:15543019 ]
  3. Turan T, Karacay O, Tulunay G, Boran N, Koc S, Bozok S, Kose MF: Results with EMA/CO (etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide, vincristine) chemotherapy in gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2006 May-Jun;16(3):1432-8. [PubMed:16803542 ]
  4. Abd El-Aal HH, Habib EE, Mishrif MM: Wilms' tumor: the experience of the pediatric unit of Kasr El-Aini center of radiation oncology and nuclear medicine (NEMROCK). J Egypt Natl Canc Inst. 2005 Dec;17(4):308-14. [PubMed:17102824 ]

Transporters

General function:
Involved in ion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:
Sodium-ion dependent, high affinity carnitine transporter. Involved in the active cellular uptake of carnitine. Transports one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Also transports organic cations such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) without the involvement of sodium. Also relative uptake activity ratio of carnitine to TEA is 11.3
Gene Name:
SLC22A5
Uniprot ID:
O76082
Molecular weight:
62751.1
References
  1. Ohashi R, Tamai I, Yabuuchi H, Nezu JI, Oku A, Sai Y, Shimane M, Tsuji A: Na(+)-dependent carnitine transport by organic cation transporter (OCTN2): its pharmacological and toxicological relevance. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Nov;291(2):778-84. [PubMed:10525100 ]
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Mediates export of organic anions and drugs from the cytoplasm. Mediates ATP-dependent transport of glutathione and glutathione conjugates, leukotriene C4, estradiol-17-beta-o- glucuronide, methotrexate, antiviral drugs and other xenobiotics. Confers resistance to anticancer drugs. Hydrolyzes ATP with low efficiency
Gene Name:
ABCC1
Uniprot ID:
P33527
Molecular weight:
171589.5
References
  1. Breuninger LM, Paul S, Gaughan K, Miki T, Chan A, Aaronson SA, Kruh GD: Expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein in NIH/3T3 cells confers multidrug resistance associated with increased drug efflux and altered intracellular drug distribution. Cancer Res. 1995 Nov 15;55(22):5342-7. [PubMed:7585598 ]
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
May participate directly in the active transport of drugs into subcellular organelles or influence drug distribution indirectly. Transports glutathione conjugates as leukotriene-c4 (LTC4) and N-ethylmaleimide S-glutathione (NEM-GS)
Gene Name:
ABCC6
Uniprot ID:
O95255
Molecular weight:
164904.8
References
  1. Belinsky MG, Chen ZS, Shchaveleva I, Zeng H, Kruh GD: Characterization of the drug resistance and transport properties of multidrug resistance protein 6 (MRP6, ABCC6). Cancer Res. 2002 Nov 1;62(21):6172-7. [PubMed:12414644 ]
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells
Gene Name:
ABCB1
Uniprot ID:
P08183
Molecular weight:
141477.3
References
  1. Polli JW, Wring SA, Humphreys JE, Huang L, Morgan JB, Webster LO, Serabjit-Singh CS: Rational use of in vitro P-glycoprotein assays in drug discovery. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Nov;299(2):620-8. [PubMed:11602674 ]
  2. Nagy H, Goda K, Fenyvesi F, Bacso Z, Szilasi M, Kappelmayer J, Lustyik G, Cianfriglia M, Szabo G Jr: Distinct groups of multidrug resistance modulating agents are distinguished by competition of P-glycoprotein-specific antibodies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Mar 19;315(4):942-9. [PubMed:14985103 ]
  3. Ambudkar SV, Lelong IH, Zhang J, Cardarelli CO, Gottesman MM, Pastan I: Partial purification and reconstitution of the human multidrug-resistance pump: characterization of the drug-stimulatable ATP hydrolysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Sep 15;89(18):8472-6. [PubMed:1356264 ]
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Xenobiotic transporter that may play an important role in the exclusion of xenobiotics from the brain. May be involved in brain-to-blood efflux. Appears to play a major role in the multidrug resistance phenotype of several cancer cell lines. When overexpressed, the transfected cells become resistant to mitoxantrone, daunorubicin and doxorubicin, display diminished intracellular accumulation of daunorubicin, and manifest an ATP- dependent increase in the efflux of rhodamine 123
Gene Name:
ABCG2
Uniprot ID:
Q9UNQ0
Molecular weight:
72313.5
References
  1. Wang X, Furukawa T, Nitanda T, Okamoto M, Sugimoto Y, Akiyama S, Baba M: Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) induces cellular resistance to HIV-1 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Jan;63(1):65-72. [PubMed:12488537 ]