| Record Information |
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| Version | 4.0 |
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| Status | Expected but not Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2006-05-22 14:17:31 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2019-01-11 19:16:30 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0002009 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | Crotonoyl-CoA |
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| Description | Crotonoyl-CoA is an important component in several metabolic pathways, notably fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. It is the substrate of a group of enzymes acyl-Coenzyme A oxidases 1, 2, 3 (E.C.: 1.3.3.6) corresponding to palmitoyl, branched chain, and pristanoyl, respectively, in the peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation, producing hydrogen peroxide. Abnormality of this group of enzymes is linked to coma, dehydration, diabetes, fatty liver, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, and leukodystrophy. It is also a substrate of a group of enzymes called acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase (E.C.:1.3.99-, including 1.3.99.2, 1.3.99.3) in the metabolism of fatty acids or branched chain amino acids in the mitochondria (Rozen et al., 1994). Acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase (1.3.99.3) has shown to contribute to kidney-associated diseases, such as adrenogential syndrome, kidney failure, kidney tubular necrosis, homocystinuria, as well as other diseases including cretinism, encephalopathy, hypoglycemia, medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. The gene (ACADS) also plays a role in theta oscillation during sleep. In addition, crotonoyl-CoA is the substrate of enoyl coenzyme A hydratase (E.C.4.2.1.17) in the mitochondria during lysine degradation and tryptophan metabolism, benzoate degradation via CoA ligation; in contrast it is the product of this enzyme in the butanoate metabolism. Moreover, it is produced from multiple enzymes in the butanoate metabolism pathway, including 3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase (E.C.:4.2.1.55), glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase (E.C.: 4.1.1.70), vinylacetyl-CoA Δ-isomerase (E.C.: 5.3.3.3), and trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NAD+) (E.C.: 1.3.1.44). In lysine degradation and tryptophan metabolism, crotonoyl CoA is produced by glutaryl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase (E.C.:1.3.99.7) lysine and tryptophan metabolic pathway. This enzyme is linked to type-1glutaric aciduria, metabolic diseases, movement disorders, myelinopathy, and nervous system diseases. |
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| Structure | |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| 2-Butenoyl-CoA | HMDB | | 2-Butenoyl-coenzyme A | HMDB | | But-2-enoyl-CoA | HMDB | | But-2-enoyl-coenzyme A | HMDB | | Crotonyl-coenzyme A | HMDB | | S-But-2-enoylcoenzyme A | HMDB | | trans-But-2-enoyl-CoA | HMDB | | trans-But-2-enoyl-coenzyme A | HMDB | | Crotonyl-CoA | MeSH |
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| Chemical Formula | C25H40N7O17P3S |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 835.608 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 835.141423115 |
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| IUPAC Name | {[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-{[({[(3-{[2-({2-[(2E)-but-2-enoylsulfanyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl]oxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy]methyl}-4-hydroxyoxolan-3-yl]oxy}phosphonic acid |
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| Traditional Name | [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-2-({[(3-{[2-({2-[(2E)-but-2-enoylsulfanyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)-4-hydroxyoxolan-3-yl]oxyphosphonic acid |
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| CAS Registry Number | 102680-35-3 |
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| SMILES | C\C=C\C(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)C(O)C(C)(C)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C(N)N=CN=C12 |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C25H40N7O17P3S/c1-4-5-16(34)53-9-8-27-15(33)6-7-28-23(37)20(36)25(2,3)11-46-52(43,44)49-51(41,42)45-10-14-19(48-50(38,39)40)18(35)24(47-14)32-13-31-17-21(26)29-12-30-22(17)32/h4-5,12-14,18-20,24,35-36H,6-11H2,1-3H3,(H,27,33)(H,28,37)(H,41,42)(H,43,44)(H2,26,29,30)(H2,38,39,40)/b5-4+/t14-,18-,19-,20?,24-/m1/s1 |
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| InChI Key | KFWWCMJSYSSPSK-BOGFJHSMSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 2-enoyl coas. These are organic compounds containing a coenzyme A substructure linked to a 2-enoyl chain. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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| Class | Fatty Acyls |
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| Sub Class | Fatty acyl thioesters |
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| Direct Parent | 2-enoyl CoAs |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Coenzyme a or derivatives
- Purine ribonucleoside 3',5'-bisphosphate
- Purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate
- Purine ribonucleoside diphosphate
- Ribonucleoside 3'-phosphate
- Pentose phosphate
- Pentose-5-phosphate
- Beta amino acid or derivatives
- Glycosyl compound
- N-glycosyl compound
- 6-aminopurine
- Monosaccharide phosphate
- Organic pyrophosphate
- Pentose monosaccharide
- Imidazopyrimidine
- Purine
- Monoalkyl phosphate
- Aminopyrimidine
- Imidolactam
- N-acyl-amine
- N-substituted imidazole
- Organic phosphoric acid derivative
- Monosaccharide
- Pyrimidine
- Alkyl phosphate
- Fatty amide
- Phosphoric acid ester
- Tetrahydrofuran
- Imidazole
- Azole
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Carbothioic s-ester
- Secondary alcohol
- Thiocarboxylic acid ester
- Carboxamide group
- Secondary carboxylic acid amide
- Amino acid or derivatives
- Sulfenyl compound
- Thiocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Azacycle
- Oxacycle
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Organosulfur compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Carbonyl group
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Primary amine
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxide
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Alcohol
- Amine
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | Not Available |
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| Ontology |
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| Disposition | Route of exposure: Source: Biological location: |
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| Process | Naturally occurring process: |
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| Role | Industrial application: Biological role: |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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| Predicted Properties | |
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| General References | - Fu Z, Wang M, Paschke R, Rao KS, Frerman FE, Kim JJ: Crystal structures of human glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase with and without an alternate substrate: structural bases of dehydrogenation and decarboxylation reactions. Biochemistry. 2004 Aug 3;43(30):9674-84. [PubMed:15274622 ]
- Hyman DB, Tanaka K: Specific glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenating activity is deficient in cultured fibroblasts from glutaric aciduria patients. J Clin Invest. 1984 Mar;73(3):778-84. [PubMed:6423663 ]
- Kalousek F, Darigo MD, Rosenberg LE: Isolation and characterization of propionyl-CoA carboxylase from normal human liver. Evidence for a protomeric tetramer of nonidentical subunits. J Biol Chem. 1980 Jan 10;255(1):60-5. [PubMed:6765947 ]
- Dwyer TM, Rao KS, Westover JB, Kim JJ, Frerman FE: The function of Arg-94 in the oxidation and decarboxylation of glutaryl-CoA by human glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jan 5;276(1):133-8. [PubMed:11024031 ]
- Babidge W, Millard S, Roediger W: Sulfides impair short chain fatty acid beta-oxidation at acyl-CoA dehydrogenase level in colonocytes: implications for ulcerative colitis. Mol Cell Biochem. 1998 Apr;181(1-2):117-24. [PubMed:9562248 ]
- Lenich AC, Goodman SI: The purification and characterization of glutaryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase from porcine and human liver. J Biol Chem. 1986 Mar 25;261(9):4090-6. [PubMed:3081514 ]
- Gregersen N, Brandt NJ, Christensen E, Gron I, Rasmussen K, Brandt S: Glutaric aciduria: clinical and laboratory findings in two brothers. J Pediatr. 1977 May;90(5):740-5. [PubMed:853337 ]
- Hodgins MB: Possible mechanisms of androgen resistance in 5 alpha-reductase deficiency: implications for the physiological roles of 5 alpha-reductases. J Steroid Biochem. 1983 Jul;19(1B):555-9. [PubMed:6887883 ]
- Saenger AK, Nguyen TV, Vockley J, Stankovich MT: Thermodynamic regulation of human short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase by substrate and product binding. Biochemistry. 2005 Dec 13;44(49):16043-53. [PubMed:16331964 ]
- Finocchiaro G, Ito M, Tanaka K: Purification and properties of short chain acyl-CoA, medium chain acyl-CoA, and isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenases from human liver. J Biol Chem. 1987 Jun 15;262(17):7982-9. [PubMed:3597357 ]
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