1. 1-Butyrate
2. 1-Butyric acid
3. 1-Propanecarboxylate
4. 1-Propanecarboxylic acid
5. 1-butanoate
6. 1-butanoic acid
7. Butanate
8. Butanic acid
9. Butanoate
10. Butanoic acid
11. Buttersaeure
12. Butyrate
13. Ethylacetate
14. Ethylacetic acid
15. Honey robber
16. Kyselina maselna
17. Propanecarboxylate
18. Propanecarboxylic acid
19. Propylformate
20. Propylformic acid
21. butyric acid
22. n-Butanoate
23. n-Butanoic acid
24. n-Butyrate
25. n-Butyric acid

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• Cytoplasm
• Extracellular
• mitochondria

• Blood
• Cerebrospinal Fluid
• Saliva
• Urine

1. McMillan L, Butcher SK, Pongracz J, Lord JM: Opposing effects of butyrate and bile acids on apoptosis of human colon adenoma cells: differential activation of PKC and MAP kinases. Br J Cancer. 2003 Mar 10;88(5):748-53. [PubMed ]
2. Bauer G: Induction of Epstein-Barr virus early antigens by corticosteroids: inhibition by TPA and retinoic acid. Int J Cancer. 1983 Mar 15;31(3):291-5. [PubMed ]
3. Silwood CJ, Lynch E, Claxson AW, Grootveld MC: 1H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic analysis of human saliva. J Dent Res. 2002 Jun;81(6):422-7. [PubMed ]
4. McIntosh GH, Noakes M, Royle PJ, Foster PR: Whole-grain rye and wheat foods and markers of bowel health in overweight middle-aged men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Apr;77(4):967-74. [PubMed ]
5. Schwiertz A, Lehmann U, Jacobasch G, Blaut M: Influence of resistant starch on the SCFA production and cell counts of butyrate-producing Eubacterium spp. in the human intestine. J Appl Microbiol. 2002;93(1):157-62. [PubMed ]
6. Bauer G, Hofler P, Simon M: Epstein-Barr virus induction by a serum factor. Characterization of the purified factor and the mechanism of its activation. J Biol Chem. 1982 Oct 10;257(19):11411-5. [PubMed ]
7. Jin SE, Ban E, Kim YB, Kim CK: Development of HPLC method for the determination of levosulpiride in human plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2004 Jun 29;35(4):929-36. [PubMed ]
8. Welters CF, Heineman E, Thunnissen FB, van den Bogaard AE, Soeters PB, Baeten CG: Effect of dietary inulin supplementation on inflammation of pouch mucosa in patients with an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002 May;45(5):621-7. [PubMed ]
9. Kurita-Ochiai T, Seto S, Ochiai K: Role of cell-cell communication in inhibiting butyric acid-induced T-cell apoptosis. Infect Immun. 2004 Oct;72(10):5947-54. [PubMed ]
10. Cruz HG, Ivanova T, Lunn ML, Stoffel M, Slesinger PA, Luscher C: Bi-directional effects of GABA(B) receptor agonists on the mesolimbic dopamine system. Nat Neurosci. 2004 Feb;7(2):153-9. Epub 2004 Jan 25. [PubMed ]
11. Yonemura K, Sairenji T, Hinuma Y: Inhibitory effect of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylthymine on synthesis of Epstein-Barr virus. Microbiol Immunol. 1981;25(6):557-63. [PubMed ]
12. Teichert J, Tuemmers T, Achenbach H, Preiss C, Hermann R, Ruus P, Preiss R: Pharmacokinetics of alpha-lipoic acid in subjects with severe kidney damage and end-stage renal disease. J Clin Pharmacol. 2005 Mar;45(3):313-28. [PubMed ]
13. Rephaeli A, Blank-Porat D, Tarasenko N, Entin-Meer M, Levovich I, Cutts SM, Phillips DR, Malik Z, Nudelman A: In vivo and in vitro antitumor activity of butyroyloxymethyl-diethyl phosphate (AN-7), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, in human prostate cancer. Int J Cancer. 2005 Aug 20;116(2):226-35. [PubMed ]
14. Kurita-Ochiai T, Ochiai K, Suzuki N, Otsuka K, Fukushima K: Human gingival fibroblasts rescue butyric acid-induced T-cell apoptosis. Infect Immun. 2002 May;70(5):2361-7. [PubMed ]
15. Jacobasch G, Jacobasch KH: [Molecular etiology of colorectal carcinogenesis, clinical manifestations and therapy] Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich. 1997 Mar;91(2):125-33. [PubMed ]
16. Velazquez OC, Lederer HM, Rombeau JL: Butyrate and the colonocyte. Production, absorption, metabolism, and therapeutic implications. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1997;427:123-34. [PubMed ]
17. Kawanishi M, Ito Y: Effect of short-chain fatty acids on Epstein-Barr virus early and viral capsid antigen induction in P3HR-1 cells. Cancer Lett. 1980 Dec;11(2):129-32. [PubMed ]
18. Stein TP, Koerner B, Schluter MD, Leskiw MJ, Gaprindachvilli T, Richards EW, Cope FO, Condolucci D: Weight loss, the gut and the inflammatory response in aids patients. Cytokine. 1997 Feb;9(2):143-7. [PubMed ]
19. Wikipedia

1. Monocarboxylate transporter 1
2. Caspase-3
3. Tumor necrosis factor
4. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
5. Histone deacetylase 4
6. Histone deacetylase 9
7. Histone deacetylase 1
8. Acyl-coenzyme A synthetase ACSM1, mitochondrial
9. Acyl-coenzyme A synthetase ACSM6, mitochondrial
10. Acyl-coenzyme A synthetase ACSM2A, mitochondrial
11. Acyl-coenzyme A synthetase ACSM2B, mitochondrial
12. Acyl-coenzyme A synthetase ACSM3, mitochondrial
13. Acyl-coenzyme A synthetase ACSM5, mitochondrial
14. Butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA transferase
15. Histone deacetylase 2
16. Histone deacetylase 3
17. Histone deacetylase 5
18. Acyl-coenzyme A synthetase ACSM4, mitochondrial

1. MCT 1
2. Solute carrier family 16 member 1

MPPAVGGPVGYTPPDGGWGWAVVIGAFISIGFSYAFPKSITVFFKEIEGIFHATTSEVSW
ISSIMLAVMYGGGPISSILVNKYGSRIVMIVGGCLSGCGLIAASFCNTVQQLYVCIGVIG
GLGLAFNLNPALTMIGKYFYKRRPLANGLAMAGSPVFLCTLAPLNQVFFGIFGWRGSFLI
LGGLLLNCCVAGALMRPIGPKPTKAGKDKSKASLEKAGKSGVKKDLHDANTDLIGRHPKQ
EKRSVFQTINQFLDLTLFTHRGFLLYLSGNVIMFFGLFAPLVFLSSYGKSQHYSSEKSAF
LLSILAFVDMVARPSMGLVANTKPIRPRIQYFFAASVVANGVCHMLAPLSTTYVGFCVYA
GFFGFAFGWLSSVLFETLMDLVGPQRFSSAVGLVTIVECCPVLLGPPLLGRLNDMYGDYK
YTYWACGVVLIISGIYLFIGMGINYRLLAKEQKANEQKKESKEEETSIDVAGKPNEVTKA
AESPDQKDTEGGPKEEESPV

• MFS_1 (PF07690 )

• None

• 16-36 60-80 87-107 112-132 144-164 167-187 263-283 299-319 329-349 354-374 390-410 423-443

ATGCCACCAGCAGTTGGAGGTCCAGTTGGATACACCCCCCCAGATGGAGGCTGGGGCTGG
GCAGTGGTAATTGGAGCTTTCATTTCCATCGGCTTCTCTTATGCATTTCCCAAATCAATT
ACTGTCTTCTTCAAAGAGATTGAAGGTATATTCCATGCCACCACCAGCGAAGTGTCATGG
ATATCCTCCATAATGTTGGCTGTCATGTATGGTGGAGGTCCTATCAGCAGTATCCTGGTG
AATAAATATGGAAGTCGTATAGTCATGATTGTTGGTGGCTGCTTGTCAGGCTGTGGCTTG
ATTGCAGCTTCTTTCTGTAACACCGTACAGCAACTATACGTCTGTATTGGAGTCATTGGA
GGTCTTGGGCTTGCCTTCAACTTGAATCCAGCTCTGACCATGATTGGCAAGTATTTCTAC
AAGAGGCGACCATTGGCCAACGGACTGGCCATGGCAGGCAGCCCTGTGTTCCTCTGTACT
CTGGCCCCCCTCAATCAGGTTTTCTTCGGTATCTTTGGATGGAGAGGAAGCTTTCTAATT
CTTGGGGGCTTGCTACTAAACTGCTGTGTTGCTGGAGCCCTCATGCGACCAATCGGGCCC
AAGCCAACCAAGGCAGGGAAAGATAAGTCTAAAGCATCCCTTGAGAAAGCTGGAAAATCT
GGTGTGAAAAAAGATCTGCATGATGCAAATACAGATCTTATTGGAAGACACCCTAAACAA
GAGAAACGATCAGTCTTCCAAACAATTAATCAGTTCCTGGACTTAACCCTATTCACCCAC
AGAGGCTTTTTGCTATACCTCTCTGGAAATGTGATCATGTTTTTTGGACTCTTTGCACCT
TTGGTGTTTCTTAGTAGTTATGGGAAGAGTCAGCATTATTCTAGTGAGAAGTCTGCCTTC
CTTCTTTCCATTCTGGCTTTTGTTGACATGGTAGCCCGACCATCTATGGGACTTGTAGCC
AACACAAAGCCAATAAGACCTCGAATTCAGTATTTCTTTGCGGCTTCCGTTGTTGCAAAT
GGAGTGTGTCATATGCTAGCACCTTTATCCACTACCTATGTTGGATTCTGTGTCTATGCG
GGATTCTTTGGATTTGCCTTCGGGTGGCTCAGCTCCGTATTGTTTGAAACATTGATGGAC
CTTGTTGGACCCCAGAGGTTCTCCAGCGCTGTGGGATTGGTGACCATTGTGGAATGCTGT
CCTGTCCTCCTGGGGCCACCACTTTTAGGTCGGCTCAATGACATGTATGGAGACTACAAA
TACACATACTGGGCATGTGGCGTCGTCCTAATTATTTCAGGTATCTATCTCTTCATTGGC
ATGGGCATCAATTATCGACTTTTGGCAAAAGAACAGAAAGCAAACGAGCAGAAAAAGGAA
AGTAAAGAGGAAGAGACCAGTATAGATGTTGCTGGGAAGCCAAATGAAGTTACCAAAACA
GCAGAATCTCCGGACCAGAAAGACACAGAAGGAGGGCCCAAGGAGGAGGAAAGTCCAGTC
TGA

1. Garcia CK, Li X, Luna J, Francke U: cDNA cloning of the human monocarboxylate transporter 1 and chromosomal localization of the SLC16A1 locus to 1p13.2-p12. Genomics. 1994 Sep 15;23(2):500-3. [PubMed ]
2. Bechtel S, Rosenfelder H, Duda A, Schmidt CP, Ernst U, Wellenreuther R, Mehrle A, Schuster C, Bahr A, Blocker H, Heubner D, Hoerlein A, Michel G, Wedler H, Kohrer K, Ottenwalder B, Poustka A, Wiemann S, Schupp I: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium. BMC Genomics. 2007 Oct 31;8:399. [PubMed ]
3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
4. Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed ]
5. Wang B, Malik R, Nigg EA, Korner R: Evaluation of the low-specificity protease elastase for large-scale phosphoproteome analysis. Anal Chem. 2008 Dec 15;80(24):9526-33. [PubMed ]
6. Daub H, Olsen JV, Bairlein M, Gnad F, Oppermann FS, Korner R, Greff Z, Keri G, Stemmann O, Mann M: Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle. Mol Cell. 2008 Aug 8;31(3):438-48. [PubMed ]
7. Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]
8. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
9. Oppermann FS, Gnad F, Olsen JV, Hornberger R, Greff Z, Keri G, Mann M, Daub H: Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2009 Jul;8(7):1751-64. Epub 2009 Apr 15. [PubMed ]
10. Merezhinskaya N, Fishbein WN, Davis JI, Foellmer JW: Mutations in MCT1 cDNA in patients with symptomatic deficiency in lactate transport. Muscle Nerve. 2000 Jan;23(1):90-7. [PubMed ]
11. Otonkoski T, Jiao H, Kaminen-Ahola N, Tapia-Paez I, Ullah MS, Parton LE, Schuit F, Quintens R, Sipila I, Mayatepek E, Meissner T, Halestrap AP, Rutter GA, Kere J: Physical exercise-induced hypoglycemia caused by failed silencing of monocarboxylate transporter 1 in pancreatic beta cells. Am J Hum Genet. 2007 Sep;81(3):467-74. Epub 2007 Jul 26. [PubMed ]

1. Borthakur A, Saksena S, Gill RK, Alrefai WA, Ramaswamy K, Dudeja PK: Regulation of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) promoter by butyrate in human intestinal epithelial cells: involvement of NF-kappaB pathway. J Cell Biochem. 2008 Apr 1;103(5):1452-63. [PubMed ]

1. CASP-3
2. Apopain
3. Cysteine protease CPP32
4. CPP-32
5. Protein Yama
6. SREBP cleavage activity 1
7. SCA-1
8. Caspase-3 subunit p17
9. Caspase-3 subunit p12

MENTENSVDSKSIKNLEPKIIHGSESMDSGISLDNSYKMDYPEMGLCIIINNKNFHKSTG
MTSRSGTDVDAANLRETFRNLKYEVRNKNDLTREEIVELMRDVSKEDHSKRSSFVCVLLS
HGEEGIIFGTNGPVDLKKITNFFRGDRCRSLTGKPKLFIIQACRGTELDCGIETDSGVDD
DMACHKIPVEADFLYAYSTAPGYYSWRNSKDGSWFIQSLCAMLKQYADKLEFMHILTRVN
RKVATEFESFSFDATFHAKKQIPCIVSMLTKELYFYH

• Strict requirement for an Asp residue at positions P1 and P4. It has a preferred cleavage sequence of Asp-Xaa-Xaa-Asp! with a hydrophobic amino-acid residue at P2 and a hydrophilic amino-acid residue at P3, although Val or Ala are also accepted at this position

• Peptidase_C14 (PF00656 )

• None

• None

ATGGAGAACACTGAAAACTCAGTGGATTCAAAATCCATTAAAAATTTGGAACCAAAGATC
ATACATGGAAGCGAATCAATGGACTCTGGAATGTCCTGGGACACCGGTTATAAAATGGAT
TATCCTGAGATGGGTTTATGTATAATAATTAATAATAAGAATTTTCATAAAAGCACTGGA
ATGACATCTCGGTCTGGTACAGATGTCGATGCAGCAAACCTCAGGGAAACATTCAGAAAC
TTGAAATATGAAGTCAGGAATAAAAATGATCTTACACGTGAAGAAATTGTGGAATTGATG
CGTGATGTTTCTAAAGAAGATCACAGCAAAAGGAGCAGTTTTGTTTGTGTGCTTCTGAGC
CATGGTGAAGAAGGAATAATTTTTGGAACAAATGGACCTGTTGACCTGAAAAAAATAACA
AACTTTTTCAGAGGGGATCGTTGTAGAAGTCTAACTGGAAAACCCAAACTTTTCATTATT
CAGGCCTGCCGTGGTACAGAACTGGACTGTGGCATTGAGACAGACAGTGGTGTTGATGAT
GACATGGCGTGTCATAAAATACCAGTGGATGCCGACTTCTTGTATGCATACTCCACAGCA
CCTGGTTATTATTCTTGGCGAAATTCAAAGGATGGCTCCTGGTTCATCCAGTCGCTTTGT
GCCATGCTGAAACAGTATGCCGACAAGCTTGAATTTATGCACATTCTTACCCGGGTTAAC
CGAAAGGTGGCAACAGAATTTGAGTCCTTTTCCTTTGACGCTACTTTTCATGCAAAGAAA
CAGATTCCATGTATTGTTTCCATGCTCACAAAAGAACTCTATTTTTATCACTAA

1. Fernandes-Alnemri T, Litwack G, Alnemri ES: CPP32, a novel human apoptotic protein with homology to Caenorhabditis elegans cell death protein Ced-3 and mammalian interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme. J Biol Chem. 1994 Dec 9;269(49):30761-4. [PubMed ]
2. Tewari M, Quan LT, O'Rourke K, Desnoyers S, Zeng Z, Beidler DR, Poirier GG, Salvesen GS, Dixit VM: Yama/CPP32 beta, a mammalian homolog of CED-3, is a CrmA-inhibitable protease that cleaves the death substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Cell. 1995 Jun 2;81(5):801-9. [PubMed ]
3. Pelletier M, Cartron PF, Delaval F, Meflah K, Vallette FM, Oliver L: Caspase 3 activation is controlled by a sequence located in the N-terminus of its large subunit. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Mar 26;316(1):93-9. [PubMed ]
4. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
6. Nicholson DW, Ali A, Thornberry NA, Vaillancourt JP, Ding CK, Gallant M, Gareau Y, Griffin PR, Labelle M, Lazebnik YA, et al.: Identification and inhibition of the ICE/CED-3 protease necessary for mammalian apoptosis. Nature. 1995 Jul 6;376(6535):37-43. [PubMed ]
7. Fernandes-Alnemri T, Armstrong RC, Krebs J, Srinivasula SM, Wang L, Bullrich F, Fritz LC, Trapani JA, Tomaselli KJ, Litwack G, Alnemri ES: In vitro activation of CPP32 and Mch3 by Mch4, a novel human apoptotic cysteine protease containing two FADD-like domains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Jul 23;93(15):7464-9. [PubMed ]
8. Goldberg YP, Nicholson DW, Rasper DM, Kalchman MA, Koide HB, Graham RK, Bromm M, Kazemi-Esfarjani P, Thornberry NA, Vaillancourt JP, Hayden MR: Cleavage of huntingtin by apopain, a proapoptotic cysteine protease, is modulated by the polyglutamine tract. Nat Genet. 1996 Aug;13(4):442-9. [PubMed ]
9. Mannick JB, Hausladen A, Liu L, Hess DT, Zeng M, Miao QX, Kane LS, Gow AJ, Stamler JS: Fas-induced caspase denitrosylation. Science. 1999 Apr 23;284(5414):651-4. [PubMed ]
10. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
11. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
12. Rotonda J, Nicholson DW, Fazil KM, Gallant M, Gareau Y, Labelle M, Peterson EP, Rasper DM, Ruel R, Vaillancourt JP, Thornberry NA, Becker JW: The three-dimensional structure of apopain/CPP32, a key mediator of apoptosis. Nat Struct Biol. 1996 Jul;3(7):619-25. [PubMed ]
13. Mittl PR, Di Marco S, Krebs JF, Bai X, Karanewsky DS, Priestle JP, Tomaselli KJ, Grutter MG: Structure of recombinant human CPP32 in complex with the tetrapeptide acetyl-Asp-Val-Ala-Asp fluoromethyl ketone. J Biol Chem. 1997 Mar 7;272(10):6539-47. [PubMed ]
14. Lee D, Long SA, Adams JL, Chan G, Vaidya KS, Francis TA, Kikly K, Winkler JD, Sung CM, Debouck C, Richardson S, Levy MA, DeWolf WE Jr, Keller PM, Tomaszek T, Head MS, Ryan MD, Haltiwanger RC, Liang PH, Janson CA, McDevitt PJ, Johanson K, Concha NO, Chan W, Abdel-Meguid SS, Badger AM, Lark MW, Nadeau DP, Suva LJ, Gowen M, Nuttall ME: Potent and selective nonpeptide inhibitors of caspases 3 and 7 inhibit apoptosis and maintain cell functionality. J Biol Chem. 2000 May 26;275(21):16007-14. [PubMed ]

1. Schwab M, Reynders V, Ulrich S, Zahn N, Stein J, Schroder O: PPARgamma is a key target of butyrate-induced caspase-3 activation in the colorectal cancer cell line Caco-2. Apoptosis. 2006 Oct;11(10):1801-11. [PubMed ]

1. Cachectin
2. TNF-alpha
3. Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2
4. TNF-a
5. Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form
6. Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form

MSTESMIRDVELAEEALPKKTGGPQGSRRCLFLSLFSFLIVAGATTLFCLLHFGVIGPQR
EEFPRDLSLISPLAQAVRSSSRTPSDKPVAHVVANPQAEGQLQWLNRRANALLANGVELR
DNQLVVPSEGLYLIYSQVLFKGQGCPSTHVLLTHTISRIAVSYQTKVNLLSAIKSPCQRE
TPEGAEAKPWYEPIYLGGVFQLEKGDRLSAEINRPDYLDFAESGQVYFGIIAL

• TNF (PF00229 )

• None

• 36-56

ATGAGCACTGAAAGCATGATCCGGGACGTGGAGCTGGCCGAGGAGGCGCTCCCCAAGAAG
ACAGGGGGGCCCCAGGGCTCCAGGCGGTGCTTGTTCCTCAGCCTCTTCTCCTTCCTGATC
GTGGCAGGCGCCACCACGCTCTTCTGCCTGCTGCACTTTGGAGTGATCGGCCCCCAGAGG
GAAGAGTTCCCCAGGGACCTCTCTCTAATCAGCCCTCTGGCCCAGGCAGTCAGATCATCT
TCTCGAACCCCGAGTGACAAGCCTGTAGCCCATGTTGTAGCAAACCCTCAAGCTGAGGGG
CAGCTCCAGTGGCTGAACCGCCGGGCCAATGCCCTCCTGGCCAATGGCGTGGAGCTGAGA
GATAACCAGCTGGTGGTGCCATCAGAGGGCCTGTACCTCATCTACTCCCAGGTCCTCTTC
AAGGGCCAAGGCTGCCCCTCCACCCATGTGCTCCTCACCCACACCATCAGCCGCATCGCC
GTCTCCTACCAGACCAAGGTCAACCTCCTCTCTGCCATCAAGAGCCCCTGCCAGAGGGAG
ACCCCAGAGGGGGCTGAGGCCAAGCCCTGGTATGAGCCCATCTATCTGGGAGGGGTCTTC
CAGCTGGAGAAGGGTGACCGACTCAGCGCTGAGATCAATCGGCCCGACTATCTCGACTTT
GCCGAGTCTGGGCAGGTCTACTTTGGGATCATTGCCCTGTGA

1. Nedospasov SA, Shakhov AN, Turetskaya RL, Mett VA, Azizov MM, Georgiev GP, Korobko VG, Dobrynin VN, Filippov SA, Bystrov NS, et al.: Tandem arrangement of genes coding for tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and lymphotoxin (TNF-beta) in the human genome. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1986;51 Pt 1:611-24. [PubMed ]
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1. PPAR-gamma
2. Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group C member 3

MGETLGDSPIDPESDSFTDTLSANISQEMTMVDTEMPFWPTNFGISSVDLSVMEDHSHSF
DIKPFTTVDFSSISTPHYEDIPFTRTDPVVADYKYDLKLQEYQSAIKVEPASPPYYSEKT
QLYNKPHEEPSNSLMAIECRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYDRCDLNC
RIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGMSHNAIRFGRMPQAEKEKLLAEISSDIDQLNPESADLR
ALAKHLYDSYIKSFPLTKAKARAILTGKTTDKSPFVIYDMNSLMMGEDKIKFKHITPLQE
QSKEVAIRIFQGCQFRSVEAVQEITEYAKSIPGFVNLDLNDQVTLLKYGVHEIIYTMLAS
LMNKDGVLISEGQGFMTREFLKSLRKPFGDFMEPKFEFAVKFNALELDDSDLAIFIAVII
LSGDRPGLLNVKPIEDIQDNLLQALELQLKLNHPESSQLFAKLLQKMTDLRQIVTEHVQL
LQVIKKTETDMSLHPLLQEIYKDLY

• Hormone_recep (PF00104 )
• PPARgamma_N (PF12577 )
• zf-C4 (PF00105 )

• None

• None

ATGGGTGAAACTCTGGGAGATTCTCCTATTGACCCAGAAAGCGATTCCTTCACTGATACA
CTGTCTGCAAACATATCACAAGAAATGACCATGGTTGACACAGAGATGCCATTCTGGCCC
ACCAACTTTGGGATCAGCTCCGTGGATCTCTCCGTAATGGAAGACCACTCCCACTCCTTT
GATATCAAGCCCTTCACTACTGTTGACTTCTCCAGCATTTCTACTCCACATTACGAAGAC
ATTCCATTCACAAGAACAGATCCAGTGGTTGCAGATTACAAGTATGACCTGAAACTTCAA
GAGTACCAAAGTGCAATCAAAGTGGAGCCTGCATCTCCACCTTATTATTCTGAGAAGACT
CAGCTCTACAATAAGCCTCATGAAGAGCCTTCCAACTCCCTCATGGCAATTGAATGTCGT
GTCTGTGGAGATAAAGCTTCTGGATTTCACTATGGAGTTCATGCTTGTGAAGGATGCAAG
GGTTTCTTCCGGAGAACAATCAGATTGAAGCTTATCTATGACAGATGTGATCTTAACTGT
CGGATCCACAAAAAAAGTAGAAATAAATGTCAGTACTGTCGGTTTCAGAAATGCCTTGCA
GTGGGGATGTCTCATAATGCCATCAGGTTTGGGCGGATGCCACAGGCCGAGAAGGAGAAG
CTGTTGGCGGAGATCTCCAGTGATATCGACCAGCTGAATCCAGAGTCCGCTGACCTCCGG
GCCCTGGCAAAACATTTGTATGACTCATACATAAAGTCCTTCCCGCTGACCAAAGCAAAG
GCGAGGGCGATCTTGACAGGAAAGACAACAGACAAATCACCATTCGTTATCTATGACATG
AATTCCTTAATGATGGGAGAAGATAAAATCAAGTTCAAACACATCACCCCCCTGCAGGAG
CAGAGCAAAGAGGTGGCCATCCGCATCTTTCAGGGCTGCCAGTTTCGCTCCGTGGAGGCT
GTGCAGGAGATCACAGAGTATGCCAAAAGCATTCCTGGTTTTGTAAATCTTGACTTGAAC
GACCAAGTAACTCTCCTCAAATATGGAGTCCACGAGATCATTTACACAATGCTGGCCTCC
TTGATGAATAAAGATGGGGTTCTCATATCCGAGGGCCAAGGCTTCATGACAAGGGAGTTT
CTAAAGAGCCTGCGAAAGCCTTTTGGTGACTTTATGGAGCCCAAGTTTGAGTTTGCTGTG
AAGTTCAATGCACTGGAATTAGATGACAGCGACTTGGCAATATTTATTGCTGTCATTATT
CTCAGTGGAGACCGCCCAGGTTTGCTGAATGTGAAGCCCATTGAAGACATTCAAGACAAC
CTGCTACAAGCCCTGGAGCTCCAGCTGAAGCTGAACCACCCTGAGTCCTCACAGCTGTTT
GCCAAGCTGCTCCAGAAAATGACAGACCTCAGACAGATTGTCACGGAACACGTGCAGCTA
CTGCAGGTGATCAAGAAGACGGAGACAGACATGAGTCTTCACCCGCTCCTGCAGGAGATC
TACAAGGACTTGTACTAG

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38. Temelkova-Kurktschiev T, Hanefeld M, Chinetti G, Zawadzki C, Haulon S, Kubaszek A, Koehler C, Leonhardt W, Staels B, Laakso M: Ala12Ala genotype of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 protects against atherosclerosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Sep;89(9):4238-42. [PubMed ]
39. Kim KS, Choi SM, Shin SU, Yang HS, Yoon Y: Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 Pro12Ala polymorphism on body fat distribution in female Korean subjects. Metabolism. 2004 Dec;53(12):1538-43. [PubMed ]

1. Schwab M, Reynders V, Ulrich S, Zahn N, Stein J, Schroder O: PPARgamma is a key target of butyrate-induced caspase-3 activation in the colorectal cancer cell line Caco-2. Apoptosis. 2006 Oct;11(10):1801-11. [PubMed ]

1. HD4

MSSQSHPDGLSGRDQPVELLNPARVNHMPSTVDVATALPLQVAPSAVPMDLRLDHQFSLP
VAEPALREQQLQQELLALKQKQQIQRQILIAEFQRQHEQLSRQHEAQLHEHIKQQQEMLA
MKHQQELLEHQRKLERHRQEQELEKQHREQKLQQLKNKEKGKESAVASTEVKMKLQEFVL
NKKKALAHRNLNHCISSDPRYWYGKTQHSSLDQSSPPQSGVSTSYNHPVLGMYDAKDDFP
LRKTASEPNLKLRSRLKQKVAERRSSPLLRRKDGPVVTALKKRPLDVTDSACSSAPGSGP
SSPNNSSGSVSAENGIAPAVPSIPAETSLAHRLVAREGSAAPLPLYTSPSLPNITLGLPA
TGPSAGTAGQQDAERLTLPALQQRLSLFPGTHLTPYLSTSPLERDGGAAHSPLLQHMVLL
EQPPAQAPLVTGLGALPLHAQSLVGADRVSPSIHKLRQHRPLGRTQSAPLPQNAQALQHL
VIQQQHQQFLEKHKQQFQQQQLQMNKIIPKPSEPARQPESHPEETEEELREHQALLDEPY
LDRLPGQKEAHAQAGVQVKQEPIESDEEEAEPPREVEPGQRQPSEQELLFRQQALLLEQQ
RIHQLRNYQASMEAAGIPVSFGGHRPLSRAQSSPASATFPVSVQEPPTKPRFTTGLVYDT
LMLKHQCTCGSSSSHPEHAGRIQSIWSRLQETGLRGKCECIRGRKATLEELQTVHSEAHT
LLYGTNPLNRQKLDSKKLLGSLASVFVRLPCGGVGVDSDTIWNEVHSAGAARLAVGCVVE
LVFKVATGELKNGFAVVRPPGHHAEESTPMGFCYFNSVAVAAKLLQQRLSVSKILIVDWD
VHHGNGTQQAFYSDPSVLYMSLHRYDDGNFFPGSGAPDEVGTGPGVGFNVNMAFTGGLDP
PMGDAEYLAAFRTVVMPIASEFAPDVVLVSSGFDAVEGHPTPLGGYNLSARCFGYLTKQL
MGLAGGRIVLALEGGHDLTAICDASEACVSALLGNELDPLPEKVLQQRPNANAVRSMEKV
MEIHSKYWRCLQRTTSTAGRSLIEAQTCENEEAETVTAMASLSVGVKPAEKRPDEEPMEE
EPPL

• Hydrolysis of an N6-acetyl-lysine residue of a histone to yield a deacetylated histone

• Arb2 (PF09757 )
• Hist_deacetyl (PF00850 )

• None

• None

ATGAGCTCCCAAAGCCATCCAGATGGACTTTCTGGCCGAGACCAGCCAGTGGAGCTGCTG
AATCCTGCCCGCGTGAACCACATGCCCAGCACGGTGGATGTGGCCACGGCGCTGCCTCTG
CAAGTGGCCCCCTCGGCAGTGCCCATGGACCTGCGCCTGGACCACCAGTTCTCACTGCCT
GTGGCAGAGCCGGCCCTGCGGGAGCAGCAGCTGCAGCAGGAGCTCCTGGCGCTCAAGCAG
AAGCAGCAGATCCAGAGGCAGATCCTCATCGCTGAGTTCCAGAGGCAGCACGAGCAGCTC
TCCCGGCAGCACGAGGCGCAGCTCCACGAGCACATCAAGCAACAACAGGAGATGCTGGCC
ATGAAGCACCAGCAGGAGCTGCTGGAACACCAGCGGAAGCTGGAGAGGCACCGCCAGGAG
CAGGAGCTGGAGAAGCAGCACCGGGAGCAGAAGCTGCAGCAGCTCAAGAACAAGGAGAAG
GGCAAAGAGAGTGCCGTGGCCAGCACAGAAGTGAAGATGAAGTTACAAGAATTTGTCCTC
AATAAAAAGAAGGCGCTGGCCCACCGGAATCTGAACCACTGCATTTCCAGCGACCCTCGC
TACTGGTACGGGAAAACGCAGCACAGTTCCCTTGACCAGAGTTCTCCACCCCAGAGCGGA
GTGTCGACCTCCTATAACCACCCGGTCCTGGGAATGTACGACGCCAAAGATGACTTCCCT
CTTAGGAAAACAGCTTCTGAACCGAATCTGAAATTACGGTCCAGGCTAAAGCAGAAAGTG
GCCGAAAGACGGAGCAGCCCCCTGTTACGCAGGAAAGACGGGCCAGTGGTCACTGCTCTA
AAAAAGCGTCCGTTGGATGTCACAGACTCCGCGTGCAGCAGCGCCCCAGGCTCCGGACCC
AGCTCACCCAACAACAGCTCCGGGAGCGTCAGCGCGGAGAACGGTATCGCGCCCGCCGTC
CCCAGCATCCCGGCGGAGACGAGTTTGGCGCACAGACTTGTGGCACGAGAAGGCTCGGCC
GCTCCACTTCCCCTCTACACATCGCCATCCTTGCCCAACATCACGCTGGGCCTGCCTGCC
ACCGGCCCCTCTGCGGGCACGGCGGGCCAGCAGGACGCCGAGAGACTCACCCTTCCCGCC
CTCCAGCAGAGGCTCTCCCTTTTCCCCGGCACCCACCTCACTCCCTACCTGAGCACCTCG
CCCTTGGAGCGGGACGGAGGGGCAGCGCACAGCCCTCTTCTGCAGCACATGGTCTTACTG
GAGCAGCCGCCGGCACAAGCACCCCTCGTCACAGGCCTGGGAGCACTGCCCCTCCACGCA
CAGTCCTTGGTTGGTGCAGACCGGGTGTCCCCCTCCATCCACAAGCTGCGGCAGCACCGC
CCACTGGGGCGGACCCAGTCGGCCCCGCTGCCCCAGAACGCCCAGGCTCTGCAGCACCTG
GTCATCCAGCAGCAGCATCAGCAGTTTCTGGAGAAACACAAGCAGCAGTTCCAGCAGCAG
CAACTGCAGATGAACAAGATCATCCCCAAGCCAAGCGAGCCAGCCCGGCAGCCGGAGAGC
CACCCGGAGGAGACGGAGGAGGAGCTCCGTGAGCACCAGGCTCTGCTGGACGAGCCCTAC
CTGGACCGGCTGCCGGGGCAGAAGGAGGCGCACGCACAGGCCGGCGTGCAGGTGAAGCAG
GAGCCCATTGAGAGCGATGAGGAAGAGGCAGAGCCCCCACGGGAGGTGGAGCCGGGCCAG
CGCCAGCCCAGTGAGCAGGAGCTGCTCTTCAGACAGCAAGCCCTCCTGCTGGAGCAGCAG
CGGATCCACCAGCTGAGGAACTACCAGGCGTCCATGGAGGCCGCCGGCATCCCCGTGTCC
TTCGGCGGCCACAGGCCTCTGTCCCGGGCGCAGTCCTCACCCGCGTCTGCCACCTTCCCC
GTGTCTGTGCAGGAGCCCCCCACCAAGCCGAGGTTCACGACAGGCCTCGTGTATGACACG
CTGATGCTGAAGCACCAGTGCACCTGCGGGAGTAGCAGCAGCCACCCCGAGCACGCCGGG
AGGATCCAGAGCATCTGGTCCCGCCTGCAGGAGACGGGCCTCCGGGGCAAATGCGAGTGC
ATCCGCGGACGCAAGGCCACCCTGGAGGAGCTACAGACGGTGCACTCGGAAGCCCACACC
CTCCTGTATGGCACGAACCCCCTCAACCGGCAGAAACTGGACAGTAAGAAACTTCTAGGC
TCGCTCGCCTCCGTGTTCGTCCGGCTCCCTTGCGGTGGTGTTGGGGTGGACAGTGACACC
ATATGGAACGAGGTGCACTCGGCGGGGGCAGCCCGCCTGGCTGTGGGCTGCGTGGTAGAG
CTGGTCTTCAAGGTGGCCACAGGGGAGCTGAAGAATGGCTTTGCTGTGGTCCGCCCCCCT
GGACACCATGCGGAGGAGAGCACGCCCATGGGCTTTTGCTACTTCAACTCCGTGGCCGTG
GCAGCCAAGCTTCTGCAGCAGAGGTTGAGCGTGAGCAAGATCCTCATCGTGGACTGGGAC
GTGCACCATGGAAACGGGACCCAGCAGGCTTTCTACAGCGACCCCAGCGTCCTGTACATG
TCCCTCCACCGCTACGACGATGGGAACTTCTTCCCAGGCAGCGGGGCTCCTGATGAGGTG
GGCACAGGGCCCGGCGTGGGTTTCAACGTCAACATGGCTTTCACCGGCGGCCTGGACCCC
CCCATGGGAGACGCTGAGTACTTGGCGGCCTTCAGAACGGTGGTCATGCCGATCGCCAGC
GAGTTTGCCCCGGATGTGGTGCTGGTGTCATCAGGCTTCGATGCCGTGGAGGGCCACCCC
ACCCCTCTTGGGGGCTACAACCTCTCCGCCAGATGCTTCGGGTACCTGACGAAGCAGCTG
ATGGGCCTGGCTGGCGGCCGGATTGTCCTGGCCCTCGAGGGAGGCCACGACCTGACCGCC
ATTTGCGACGCCTCGGAAGCATGTGTTTCTGCCTTGCTGGGAAACGAGCTTGATCCTCTC
CCAGAAAAGGTTTTACAGCAAAGACCCAATGCAAACGCTGTCCGTTCCATGGAGAAAGTC
ATGGAGATCCACAGCAAGTACTGGCGCTGCCTGCAGCGCACAACCTCCACAGCGGGGCGT
TCTCTGATCGAGGCTCAGACTTGCGAGAACGAAGAAGCCGAGACGGTCACCGCCATGGCC
TCGCTGTCCGTGGGCGTGAAGCCCGCCGAAAAGAGACCAGATGAGGAGCCCATGGAAGAG
GAGCCGCCCCTGTAG

1. Grozinger CM, Hassig CA, Schreiber SL: Three proteins define a class of human histone deacetylases related to yeast Hda1p. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Apr 27;96(9):4868-73. [PubMed ]
2. Ohara O, Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Nakajima D, Ohira M, Seki N, Nomura N: Construction and characterization of human brain cDNA libraries suitable for analysis of cDNA clones encoding relatively large proteins. DNA Res. 1997 Feb 28;4(1):53-9. [PubMed ]
3. Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Pepin KH, Minx P, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Kremitzki C, Oddy L, Du H, Sun H, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Carter J, Cordes M, Harris A, Isak A, van Brunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Abbott S, Armstrong J, Belter EA, Caruso L, Cedroni M, Cotton M, Davidson T, Desai A, Elliott G, Erb T, Fronick C, Gaige T, Haakenson W, Haglund K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Kim K, Kruchowski SS, Strong CM, Grewal N, Goyea E, Hou S, Levy A, Martinka S, Mead K, McLellan MD, Meyer R, Randall-Maher J, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Shah N, Swearengen-Shahid S, Snider J, Strong JT, Thompson J, Yoakum M, Leonard S, Pearman C, Trani L, Radionenko M, Waligorski JE, Wang C, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Maupin R, Latreille P, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Pohl C, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Berkowicz N, Nelson JO, Osborne J, Ding L, Meyer R, Sabo A, Shotland Y, Sinha P, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Jones TA, She X, Ciccarelli FD, Izaurralde E, Taylor J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Cox DR, Huang X, McPherson JD, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Warren WC, Chinwalla AT, Eddy SR, Marra MA, Ovcharenko I, Furey TS, Miller W, Eichler EE, Bork P, Suyama M, Torrents D, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. Nature. 2005 Apr 7;434(7034):724-31. [PubMed ]
4. Miska EA, Karlsson C, Langley E, Nielsen SJ, Pines J, Kouzarides T: HDAC4 deacetylase associates with and represses the MEF2 transcription factor. EMBO J. 1999 Sep 15;18(18):5099-107. [PubMed ]
5. Wang AH, Bertos NR, Vezmar M, Pelletier N, Crosato M, Heng HH, Th'ng J, Han J, Yang XJ: HDAC4, a human histone deacetylase related to yeast HDA1, is a transcriptional corepressor. Mol Cell Biol. 1999 Nov;19(11):7816-27. [PubMed ]
6. Wang AH, Kruhlak MJ, Wu J, Bertos NR, Vezmar M, Posner BI, Bazett-Jones DP, Yang XJ: Regulation of histone deacetylase 4 by binding of 14-3-3 proteins. Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Sep;20(18):6904-12. [PubMed ]
7. Zhao X, Ito A, Kane CD, Liao TS, Bolger TA, Lemrow SM, Means AR, Yao TP: The modular nature of histone deacetylase HDAC4 confers phosphorylation-dependent intracellular trafficking. J Biol Chem. 2001 Sep 14;276(37):35042-8. Epub 2001 Jul 24. [PubMed ]
8. McKinsey TA, Zhang CL, Olson EN: Identification of a signal-responsive nuclear export sequence in class II histone deacetylases. Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Sep;21(18):6312-21. [PubMed ]
9. Franco PJ, Farooqui M, Seto E, Wei LN: The orphan nuclear receptor TR2 interacts directly with both class I and class II histone deacetylases. Mol Endocrinol. 2001 Aug;15(8):1318-28. [PubMed ]
10. Kirsh O, Seeler JS, Pichler A, Gast A, Muller S, Miska E, Mathieu M, Harel-Bellan A, Kouzarides T, Melchior F, Dejean A: The SUMO E3 ligase RanBP2 promotes modification of the HDAC4 deacetylase. EMBO J. 2002 Jun 3;21(11):2682-91. [PubMed ]
11. Barrett A, Santangelo S, Tan K, Catchpole S, Roberts K, Spencer-Dene B, Hall D, Scibetta A, Burchell J, Verdin E, Freemont P, Taylor-Papadimitriou J: Breast cancer associated transcriptional repressor PLU-1/JARID1B interacts directly with histone deacetylases. Int J Cancer. 2007 Jul 15;121(2):265-75. [PubMed ]
12. Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]
13. Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed ]
14. Sjoblom T, Jones S, Wood LD, Parsons DW, Lin J, Barber TD, Mandelker D, Leary RJ, Ptak J, Silliman N, Szabo S, Buckhaults P, Farrell C, Meeh P, Markowitz SD, Willis J, Dawson D, Willson JK, Gazdar AF, Hartigan J, Wu L, Liu C, Parmigiani G, Park BH, Bachman KE, Papadopoulos N, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Velculescu VE: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):268-74. Epub 2006 Sep 7. [PubMed ]

1. Ishihara K, Takahashi A, Kaneko M, Sugeno H, Hirasawa N, Hong J, Zee O, Ohuchi K: Differentiation of eosinophilic leukemia EoL-1 cells into eosinophils induced by histone deacetylase inhibitors. Life Sci. 2007 Mar 6;80(13):1213-20. Epub 2007 Jan 11. [PubMed ]

1. HD9
2. Histone deacetylase 7B
3. HD7
4. HD7b
5. Histone deacetylase-related protein
6. MEF2-interacting transcription repressor MITR

MHSMISSVDVKSEVPVGLEPISPLDLRTDLRMMMPVVDPVVREKQLQQELLLIQQQQQIQ
KQLLIAEFQKQHENLTRQHQAQLQEHIKELLAIKQQQELLEKEQKLEQQRQEQEVERHRR
EQQLPPLRGKDRGRERAVASTEVKQKLQEFLLSKSATKDTPTNGKNHSVSRHPKLWYTAA
HHTSLDQSSPPLSGTSPSYKYTLPGAQDAKDDFPLRKTASEPNLKVRSRLKQKVAERRSS
PLLRRKDGNVVTSFKKRMFEVTESSVSSSSPGSGPSSPNNGPTGSVTENETSVLPPTPHA
EQMVSQQRILIHEDSMNLLSLYTSPSLPNITLGLPAVPSQLNASNSLKEKQKCETQTLRQ
GVPLPGQYGGSIPASSSHPHVTLEGKPPNSSHQALLQHLLLKEQMRQQKLLVAGGVPLHP
QSPLATKERISPGIRGTHKLPRHRPLNRTQSAPLPQSTLAQLVIQQQHQQFLEKQKQYQQ
QIHMNKLLSKSIEQLKQPGSHLEEAEEELQGDQAMQEDRAPSSGNSTRSDSSACVDDTLG
QVGAVKVKEEPVDSDEDAQIQEMESGEQAAFMQQPFLEPTHTRALSVRQAPLAAVGMDGL
EKHRLVSRTHSSPAASVLPHPAMDRPLQPGSATGIAYDPLMLKHQCVCGNSTTHPEHAGR
IQSIWSRLQETGLLNKCERIQGRKASLEEIQLVHSEHHSLLYGTNPLDGQKLDPRILLGD
DSQKFFSSLPCGGLGVDSDTIWNELHSSGAARMAVGCVIELASKVASGELKNGFAVVRPP
GHHAEESTAMGFCFFNSVAITAKYLRDQLNISKILIVDLDVHHGNGTQQAFYADPSILYI
SLHRYDEGNFFPGSGAPNEVGTGLGEGYNINIAWTGGLDPPMGDVEYLEAFRTIVKPVAK
EFDPDMVLVSAGFDALEGHTPPLGGYKVTAKCFGHLTKQLMTLADGRVVLALEGGHDLTA
ICDASEACVNALLGNELEPLAEDILHQSPNMNAVISLQKIIEIQSMSLKFS

• Hydrolysis of an N6-acetyl-lysine residue of a histone to yield a deacetylated histone

• Hist_deacetyl (PF00850 )

• None

• None

ATGCACAGTATGATCAGCTCAGTGGATGTGAAGTCAGAAGTTCCTGTGGGCCTGGAGCCC
ATCTCACCTTTAGACCTAAGGACAGACCTCAGGATGATGATGCCCGTGGTGGACCCTGTT
GTCCGTGAGAAGCAATTGCAGCAGGAATTACTTCTTATCCAGCAGCAGCAACAAATCCAG
AAGCAGCTTCTGATAGCAGAGTTTCAGAAACAGCATGAGAACTTGACACGGCAGCACCAG
GCTCAGCTTCAGGAGCATATCAAGGAACTTCTAGCCATAAAACAGCAACAAGAACTCCTA
GAAAAGGAGCAGAAACTGGAGCAGCAGAGGCAAGAACAGGAAGTAGAGAGGCATCGCAGA
GAACAGCAGCTTCCTCCTCTCAGAGGCAAAGATAGAGGACGAGAAAGGGCAGTGGCAAGT
ACAGAAGTAAAGCAGAAGCTTCAAGAGTTCCTACTGAGTAAATCAGCAACGAAAGACACT
CCAACTAATGGAAAAAATCATTCCGTGAGCCGCCATCCCAAGCTCTGGTACACGGCTGCC
CACCACACATCATTGGATCAAAGCTCTCCACCCCTTAGTGGAACATCTCCATCCTACAAG
TACACATTACCAGGAGCACAAGATGCAAAGGATGATTTCCCCCTTCGAAAAACTGCCTCT
GAGCCCAACTTGAAGGTGCGGTCCAGGTTAAAACAGAAAGTGGCAGAGAGGAGAAGCAGC
CCCTTACTCAGGCGGAAGGATGGAAATGTTGTCACTTCATTCAAGAAGCGAATGTTTGAG
GTGACAGAATCCTCAGTCAGTAGCAGTTCTCCAGGCTCTGGTCCCAGTTCACCAAACAAT
GGGCCAACTGGAAGTGTTACTGAAAATGAGACTTCGGTTTTGCCCCCTACCCCTCATGCC
GAGCAAATGGTTTCACAGCAACGCATTCTAATTCATGAAGATTCCATGAACCTGCTAAGT
CTTTATACCTCTCCTTCTTTGCCCAACATTACCTTGGGGCTTCCCGCAGTGCCATCCCAG
CTCAATGCTTCGAATTCACTCAAAGAAAAGCAGAAGTGTGAGACGCAGACGCTTAGGCAA
GGTGTTCCTCTGCCTGGGCAGTATGGAGGCAGCATCCCGGCATCTTCCAGCCACCCTCAT
GTTACTTTAGAGGGAAAGCCACCCAACAGCAGCCACCAGGCTCTCCTGCAGCATTTATTA
TTGAAAGAACAAATGCGACAGCAAAAGCTTCTTGTAGCTGGTGGAGTTCCCTTACATCCT
CAGTCTCCCTTGGCAACAAAAGAGAGAATTTCACCTGGCATTAGAGGTACCCACAAATTG
CCCCGTCACAGACCCCTGAACCGAACCCAGTCTGCACCTTTGCCTCAGAGCACGTTGGCT
CAGCTGGTCATTCAACAGCAACACCAGCAATTCTTGGAGAAGCAGAAGCAATACCAGCAG
CAGATCCACATGAACAAACTGCTTTCGAAATCTATTGAACAACTGAAGCAACCAGGCAGT
CACCTTGAGGAAGCAGAGGAAGAGCTTCAGGGGGACCAGGCGATGCAGGAAGACAGAGCG
CCCTCTAGTGGCAACAGCACTAGGAGCGACAGCAGTGCTTGTGTGGATGACACACTGGGA
CAAGTTGGGGCTGTGAAGGTCAAGGAGGAACCAGTGGACAGTGATGAAGATGCTCAGATC
CAGGAAATGGAATCTGGGGAGCAGGCTGCTTTTATGCAACAGCCTTTCCTGGAACCCACG
CACACACGTGCGCTCTCTGTGCGCCAAGCTCCGCTGGCTGCGGTTGGCATGGATGGATTA
GAGAAACACCGTCTCGTCTCCAGGACTCACTCTTCCCCTGCTGCCTCTGTTTTACCTCAC
CCAGCAATGGACCGCCCCCTCCAGCCTGGCTCTGCAACTGGAATTGCCTATGACCCCTTG
ATGCTGAAACACCAGTGCGTTTGTGGCAATTCCACCACCCACCCTGAGCATGCTGGACGA
ATACAGAGTATCTGGTCACGACTGCAAGAAACTGGGCTGCTAAATAAATGTGAGCGAATT
CAAGGTCGAAAAGCCAGCCTGGAGGAAATACAGCTTGTTCATTCTGAACATCACTCACTG
TTGTATGGCACCAACCCCCTGGACGGACAGAAGCTGGACCCCAGGATACTCCTAGGTGAT
GACTCTCAAAAGTTTTTTTCCTCATTACCTTGTGGTGGACTTGGGGTGGACAGTGACACC
ATTTGGAATGAGCTACACTCGTCCGGTGCTGCACGCATGGCTGTTGGCTGTGTCATCGAG
CTGGCTTCCAAAGTGGCCTCAGGAGAGCTGAAGAATGGGTTTGCTGTTGTGAGGCCCCCT
GGCCATCACGCTGAAGAATCCACAGCCATGGGGTTCTGCTTTTTTAATTCAGTTGCAATT
ACCGCCAAATACTTGAGAGACCAACTAAATATAAGCAAGATATTGATTGTAGATCTGGAT
GTTCACCATGGAAACGGTACCCAGCAGGCCTTTTATGCTGACCCCAGCATCCTGTACATT
TCACTCCATCGCTATGATGAAGGGAACTTTTTCCCTGGCAGTGGAGCCCCAAATGAGGTT
GGAACAGGCCTTGGAGAAGGGTACAATATAAATATTGCCTGGACAGGTGGCCTTGATCCT
CCCATGGGAGATGTTGAGTACCTTGAAGCATTCAGGACCATCGTGAAGCCTGTGGCCAAA
GAGTTTGATCCAGACATGGTCTTAGTATCTGCTGGATTTGATGCATTGGAAGGCCACACC
CCTCCTCTAGGAGGGTACAAAGTGACGGCAAAATGTTTTGGTCATTTGACGAAGCAATTG
ATGACATTGGCTGATGGACGTGTGGTGTTGGCTCTAGAAGGAGGACATGATCTCACAGCC
ATCTGTGATGCATCAGAAGCCTGTGTAAATGCCCTTCTAGGAAATGAGCTGGAGCCACTT
GCAGAAGATATTCTCCACCAAAGCCCGAATATGAATGCTGTTATTTCTTTACAGAAGATC
ATTGAAATTCAAAGTATGTCTTTAAAGTTCTCTTAA

1. Zhou X, Marks PA, Rifkind RA, Richon VM: Cloning and characterization of a histone deacetylase, HDAC9. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Sep 11;98(19):10572-7. Epub 2001 Sep 4. [PubMed ]
2. David D, Cardoso J, Marques B, Marques R, Silva ED, Santos H, Boavida MG: Molecular characterization of a familial translocation implicates disruption of HDAC9 and possible position effect on TGFbeta2 in the pathogenesis of Peters' anomaly. Genomics. 2003 May;81(5):489-503. [PubMed ]
3. Petrie K, Guidez F, Howell L, Healy L, Waxman S, Greaves M, Zelent A: The histone deacetylase 9 gene encodes multiple protein isoforms. J Biol Chem. 2003 May 2;278(18):16059-72. Epub 2003 Feb 17. [PubMed ]
4. Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Suyama M, Kikuno R, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XI. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro. DNA Res. 1998 Oct 30;5(5):277-86. [PubMed ]
5. Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Graves TA, Pepin KH, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Maas J, Jaeger S, Walker R, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, O'Laughlin MD, Schaller ME, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Cordes M, Du H, Sun H, Edwards J, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Andrews S, Isak A, Vanbrunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Lamar B, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Bielicki L, Scott K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Harris A, Strong CM, Hou S, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Leonard S, Rohlfing T, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Abbott A, Minx P, Maupin R, Strowmatt C, Latreille P, Miller N, Johnson D, Murray J, Woessner JP, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Schultz BR, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Nelson JO, Berkowicz N, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Bedell JA, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Chissoe SL, Marra MA, Raymond C, Haugen E, Gillett W, Zhou Y, James R, Phelps K, Iadanoto S, Bubb K, Simms E, Levy R, Clendenning J, Kaul R, Kent WJ, Furey TS, Baertsch RA, Brent MR, Keibler E, Flicek P, Bork P, Suyama M, Bailey JA, Portnoy ME, Torrents D, Chinwalla AT, Gish WR, Eddy SR, McPherson JD, Olson MV, Eichler EE, Green ED, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7. Nature. 2003 Jul 10;424(6945):157-64. [PubMed ]
6. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
7. Wang AH, Bertos NR, Vezmar M, Pelletier N, Crosato M, Heng HH, Th'ng J, Han J, Yang XJ: HDAC4, a human histone deacetylase related to yeast HDA1, is a transcriptional corepressor. Mol Cell Biol. 1999 Nov;19(11):7816-27. [PubMed ]
8. Sparrow DB, Miska EA, Langley E, Reynaud-Deonauth S, Kotecha S, Towers N, Spohr G, Kouzarides T, Mohun TJ: MEF-2 function is modified by a novel co-repressor, MITR. EMBO J. 1999 Sep 15;18(18):5085-98. [PubMed ]
9. Zhou X, Richon VM, Rifkind RA, Marks PA: Identification of a transcriptional repressor related to the noncatalytic domain of histone deacetylases 4 and 5. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Feb 1;97(3):1056-61. [PubMed ]
10. Miska EA, Karlsson C, Langley E, Nielsen SJ, Pines J, Kouzarides T: HDAC4 deacetylase associates with and represses the MEF2 transcription factor. EMBO J. 1999 Sep 15;18(18):5099-107. [PubMed ]
11. Kirsh O, Seeler JS, Pichler A, Gast A, Muller S, Miska E, Mathieu M, Harel-Bellan A, Kouzarides T, Melchior F, Dejean A: The SUMO E3 ligase RanBP2 promotes modification of the HDAC4 deacetylase. EMBO J. 2002 Jun 3;21(11):2682-91. [PubMed ]
12. Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed ]
13. Morrison BE, Majdzadeh N, Zhang X, Lyles A, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN, D'Mello SR: Neuroprotection by histone deacetylase-related protein. Mol Cell Biol. 2006 May;26(9):3550-64. [PubMed ]
14. Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed ]
15. Harrison BC, Huynh K, Lundgaard GL, Helmke SM, Perryman MB, McKinsey TA: Protein kinase C-related kinase targets nuclear localization signals in a subset of class IIa histone deacetylases. FEBS Lett. 2010 Mar 19;584(6):1103-10. Epub 2010 Feb 24. [PubMed ]

1. Ishihara K, Takahashi A, Kaneko M, Sugeno H, Hirasawa N, Hong J, Zee O, Ohuchi K: Differentiation of eosinophilic leukemia EoL-1 cells into eosinophils induced by histone deacetylase inhibitors. Life Sci. 2007 Mar 6;80(13):1213-20. Epub 2007 Jan 11. [PubMed ]

1. HD1

MAQTQGTRRKVCYYYDGDVGNYYYGQGHPMKPHRIRMTHNLLLNYGLYRKMEIYRPHKAN
AEEMTKYHSDDYIKFLRSIRPDNMSEYSKQMQRFNVGEDCPVFDGLFEFCQLSTGGSVAS
AVKLNKQQTDIAVNWAGGLHHAKKSEASGFCYVNDIVLAILELLKYHQRVLYIDIDIHHG
DGVEEAFYTTDRVMTVSFHKYGEYFPGTGDLRDIGAGKGKYYAVNYPLRDGIDDESYEAI
FKPVMSKVMEMFQPSAVVLQCGSDSLSGDRLGCFNLTIKGHAKCVEFVKSFNLPMLMLGG
GGYTIRNVARCWTYETAVALDTEIPNELPYNDYFEYFGPDFKLHISPSNMTNQNTNEYLE
KIKQRLFENLRMLPHAPGVQMQAIPEDAIPEESGDEDEDDPDKRISICSSDKRIACEEEF
SDSEEEGEGGRKNSSNFKKAKRVKTEDEKEKDPEEKKEVTEEEKTKEEKPEAKGVKEEVK
LA

• Hydrolysis of an N6-acetyl-lysine residue of a histone to yield a deacetylated histone

• Hist_deacetyl (PF00850 )

• None

• None

ATGGCGCAGACGCAGGGCACCCGGAGGAAAGTCTGTTACTACTACGACGGGGATGTTGGA
AATTACTATTATGGACAAGGCCACCCAATGAAGCCTCACCGAATCCGCATGACTCATAAT
TTGCTGCTCAACTATGGTCTCTACCGAAAAATGGAAATCTATCGCCCTCACAAAGCCAAT
GCTGAGGAGATGACCAAGTACCACAGCGATGACTACATTAAATTCTTGCGCTCCATCCGT
CCAGATAACATGTCGGAGTACAGCAAGCAGATGCAGAGATTCAACGTTGGTGAGGACTGT
CCAGTATTCGATGGCCTGTTTGAGTTCTGTCAGTTGTCTACTGGTGGTTCTGTGGCAAGT
GCTGTGAAACTTAATAAGCAGCAGACGGACATCGCTGTGAATTGGGCTGGGGGCCTGCAC
CATGCAAAGAAGTCCGAGGCATCTGGCTTCTGTTACGTCAATGATATCGTCTTGGCCATC
CTGGAACTGCTAAAGTATCACCAGAGGGTGCTGTACATTGACATTGATATTCACCATGGT
GACGGCGTGGAAGAGGCCTTCTACACCACGGACCGGGTCATGACTGTGTCCTTTCATAAG
TATGGAGAGTACTTCCCAGGAACTGGGGACCTACGGGATATCGGGGCTGGCAAAGGCAAG
TATTATGCTGTTAACTACCCGCTCCGAGACGGGATTGATGACGAGTCCTATGAGGCCATT
TTCAAGCCGGTCATGTCCAAAGTAATGGAGATGTTCCAGCCTAGTGCGGTGGTCTTACAG
TGTGGCTCAGACTCCCTATCTGGGGATCGGTTAGGTTGCTTCAATCTAACTATCAAAGGA
CACGCCAAGTGTGTGGAATTTGTCAAGAGCTTTAACCTGCCTATGCTGATGCTGGGAGGC
GGTGGTTACACCATTCGTAACGTTGCCCGGTGCTGGACATATGAGACAGCTGTGGCCCTG
GATACGGAGATCCCTAATGAGCTTCCATACAATGACTACTTTGAATACTTTGGACCAGAT
TTCAAGCTCCACATCAGTCCTTCCAATATGACTAACCAGAACACGAATGAGTACCTGGAG
AAGATCAAACAGCGACTGTTTGAGAACCTTAGAATGCTGCCGCACGCACCTGGGGTCCAA
ATGCAGGCGATTCCTGAGGACGCCATCCCTGAGGAGAGTGGCGATGAGGACGAAGACGAC
CCTGACAAGCGCATCTCGATCTGCTCCTCTGACAAACGAATTGCCTGTGAGGAAGAGTTC
TCCGATTCTGAAGAGGAGGGAGAGGGGGGCCGCAAGAACTCTTCCAACTTCAAAAAAGCC
AAGAGAGTCAAAACAGAGGATGAAAAAGAGAAAGACCCAGAGGAGAAGAAAGAAGTCACC
GAAGAGGAGAAAACCAAGGAGGAGAAGCCAGAAGCCAAAGGGGTCAAGGAGGAGGTCAAG
TTGGCCTGA

1. Taunton J, Hassig CA, Schreiber SL: A mammalian histone deacetylase related to the yeast transcriptional regulator Rpd3p. Science. 1996 Apr 19;272(5260):408-11. [PubMed ]
2. Furukawa Y, Kawakami T, Sudo K, Inazawa J, Matsumine A, Akiyama T, Nakamura Y: Isolation and mapping of a human gene (RPD3L1) that is homologous to RPD3, a transcription factor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1996;73(1-2):130-3. [PubMed ]
3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
4. Sparrow DB, Miska EA, Langley E, Reynaud-Deonauth S, Kotecha S, Towers N, Spohr G, Kouzarides T, Mohun TJ: MEF-2 function is modified by a novel co-repressor, MITR. EMBO J. 1999 Sep 15;18(18):5085-98. [PubMed ]
5. Huynh KD, Fischle W, Verdin E, Bardwell VJ: BCoR, a novel corepressor involved in BCL-6 repression. Genes Dev. 2000 Jul 15;14(14):1810-23. [PubMed ]
6. Cai RL, Yan-Neale Y, Cueto MA, Xu H, Cohen D: HDAC1, a histone deacetylase, forms a complex with Hus1 and Rad9, two G2/M checkpoint Rad proteins. J Biol Chem. 2000 Sep 8;275(36):27909-16. [PubMed ]
7. Wei LN, Hu X, Chandra D, Seto E, Farooqui M: Receptor-interacting protein 140 directly recruits histone deacetylases for gene silencing. J Biol Chem. 2000 Dec 29;275(52):40782-7. [PubMed ]
8. Li H, Leo C, Zhu J, Wu X, O'Neil J, Park EJ, Chen JD: Sequestration and inhibition of Daxx-mediated transcriptional repression by PML. Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Mar;20(5):1784-96. [PubMed ]
9. Zhou X, Richon VM, Rifkind RA, Marks PA: Identification of a transcriptional repressor related to the noncatalytic domain of histone deacetylases 4 and 5. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Feb 1;97(3):1056-61. [PubMed ]
10. Pflum MK, Tong JK, Lane WS, Schreiber SL: Histone deacetylase 1 phosphorylation promotes enzymatic activity and complex formation. J Biol Chem. 2001 Dec 14;276(50):47733-41. Epub 2001 Oct 15. [PubMed ]
11. Shi Y, Downes M, Xie W, Kao HY, Ordentlich P, Tsai CC, Hon M, Evans RM: Sharp, an inducible cofactor that integrates nuclear receptor repression and activation. Genes Dev. 2001 May 1;15(9):1140-51. [PubMed ]
12. Humphrey GW, Wang Y, Russanova VR, Hirai T, Qin J, Nakatani Y, Howard BH: Stable histone deacetylase complexes distinguished by the presence of SANT domain proteins CoREST/kiaa0071 and Mta-L1. J Biol Chem. 2001 Mar 2;276(9):6817-24. Epub 2000 Dec 1. [PubMed ]
13. Melhuish TA, Gallo CM, Wotton D: TGIF2 interacts with histone deacetylase 1 and represses transcription. J Biol Chem. 2001 Aug 24;276(34):32109-14. Epub 2001 Jun 26. [PubMed ]
14. Amann JM, Nip J, Strom DK, Lutterbach B, Harada H, Lenny N, Downing JR, Meyers S, Hiebert SW: ETO, a target of t(8;21) in acute leukemia, makes distinct contacts with multiple histone deacetylases and binds mSin3A through its oligomerization domain. Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Oct;21(19):6470-83. [PubMed ]
15. Kirsh O, Seeler JS, Pichler A, Gast A, Muller S, Miska E, Mathieu M, Harel-Bellan A, Kouzarides T, Melchior F, Dejean A: The SUMO E3 ligase RanBP2 promotes modification of the HDAC4 deacetylase. EMBO J. 2002 Jun 3;21(11):2682-91. [PubMed ]
16. David G, Neptune MA, DePinho RA: SUMO-1 modification of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) modulates its biological activities. J Biol Chem. 2002 Jun 28;277(26):23658-63. Epub 2002 Apr 17. [PubMed ]
17. Wysocka J, Myers MP, Laherty CD, Eisenman RN, Herr W: Human Sin3 deacetylase and trithorax-related Set1/Ash2 histone H3-K4 methyltransferase are tethered together selectively by the cell-proliferation factor HCF-1. Genes Dev. 2003 Apr 1;17(7):896-911. [PubMed ]
18. Hakimi MA, Dong Y, Lane WS, Speicher DW, Shiekhattar R: A candidate X-linked mental retardation gene is a component of a new family of histone deacetylase-containing complexes. J Biol Chem. 2003 Feb 28;278(9):7234-9. Epub 2002 Dec 18. [PubMed ]
19. Ammanamanchi S, Freeman JW, Brattain MG: Acetylated sp3 is a transcriptional activator. J Biol Chem. 2003 Sep 12;278(37):35775-80. Epub 2003 Jun 30. [PubMed ]
20. Ding Z, Gillespie LL, Paterno GD: Human MI-ER1 alpha and beta function as transcriptional repressors by recruitment of histone deacetylase 1 to their conserved ELM2 domain. Mol Cell Biol. 2003 Jan;23(1):250-8. [PubMed ]
21. Fleischer TC, Yun UJ, Ayer DE: Identification and characterization of three new components of the mSin3A corepressor complex. Mol Cell Biol. 2003 May;23(10):3456-67. [PubMed ]
22. Colombo R, Draetta GF, Chiocca S: Modulation of p120E4F transcriptional activity by the Gam1 adenoviral early protein. Oncogene. 2003 May 1;22(17):2541-7. [PubMed ]
23. Nikolaev AY, Papanikolaou NA, Li M, Qin J, Gu W: Identification of a novel BRMS1-homologue protein p40 as a component of the mSin3A/p33(ING1b)/HDAC1 deacetylase complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Oct 29;323(4):1216-22. [PubMed ]
24. Zhao Q, Cumming H, Cerruti L, Cunningham JM, Jane SM: Site-specific acetylation of the fetal globin activator NF-E4 prevents its ubiquitination and regulates its interaction with the histone deacetylase, HDAC1. J Biol Chem. 2004 Oct 1;279(40):41477-86. Epub 2004 Jul 24. [PubMed ]
25. Cheng J, Wang D, Wang Z, Yeh ET: SENP1 enhances androgen receptor-dependent transcription through desumoylation of histone deacetylase 1. Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Jul;24(13):6021-8. [PubMed ]
26. Unoki M, Nishidate T, Nakamura Y: ICBP90, an E2F-1 target, recruits HDAC1 and binds to methyl-CpG through its SRA domain. Oncogene. 2004 Oct 7;23(46):7601-10. [PubMed ]
27. Ahringer J: NuRD and SIN3 histone deacetylase complexes in development. Trends Genet. 2000 Aug;16(8):351-6. [PubMed ]
28. Gray SG, Iglesias AH, Lizcano F, Villanueva R, Camelo S, Jingu H, Teh BT, Koibuchi N, Chin WW, Kokkotou E, Dangond F: Functional characterization of JMJD2A, a histone deacetylase- and retinoblastoma-binding protein. J Biol Chem. 2005 Aug 5;280(31):28507-18. Epub 2005 May 31. [PubMed ]
29. Rampalli S, Pavithra L, Bhatt A, Kundu TK, Chattopadhyay S: Tumor suppressor SMAR1 mediates cyclin D1 repression by recruitment of the SIN3/histone deacetylase 1 complex. Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Oct;25(19):8415-29. [PubMed ]
30. Rush J, Moritz A, Lee KA, Guo A, Goss VL, Spek EJ, Zhang H, Zha XM, Polakiewicz RD, Comb MJ: Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2005 Jan;23(1):94-101. Epub 2004 Dec 12. [PubMed ]
31. Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed ]
32. Hung JJ, Wang YT, Chang WC: Sp1 deacetylation induced by phorbol ester recruits p300 to activate 12(S)-lipoxygenase gene transcription. Mol Cell Biol. 2006 Mar;26(5):1770-85. [PubMed ]
33. Viiri KM, Korkeamaki H, Kukkonen MK, Nieminen LK, Lindfors K, Peterson P, Maki M, Kainulainen H, Lohi O: SAP30L interacts with members of the Sin3A corepressor complex and targets Sin3A to the nucleolus. Nucleic Acids Res. 2006 Jul 4;34(11):3288-98. Print 2006. [PubMed ]
34. Giorgianni F, Zhao Y, Desiderio DM, Beranova-Giorgianni S: Toward a global characterization of the phosphoproteome in prostate cancer cells: identification of phosphoproteins in the LNCaP cell line. Electrophoresis. 2007 Jun;28(12):2027-34. [PubMed ]
35. Barrett A, Santangelo S, Tan K, Catchpole S, Roberts K, Spencer-Dene B, Hall D, Scibetta A, Burchell J, Verdin E, Freemont P, Taylor-Papadimitriou J: Breast cancer associated transcriptional repressor PLU-1/JARID1B interacts directly with histone deacetylases. Int J Cancer. 2007 Jul 15;121(2):265-75. [PubMed ]
36. Valls E, Blanco-Garcia N, Aquizu N, Piedra D, Estaras C, de la Cruz X, Martinez-Balbas MA: Involvement of chromatin and histone deacetylation in SV40 T antigen transcription regulation. Nucleic Acids Res. 2007;35(6):1958-68. Epub 2007 Mar 6. [PubMed ]
37. Molina H, Horn DM, Tang N, Mathivanan S, Pandey A: Global proteomic profiling of phosphopeptides using electron transfer dissociation tandem mass spectrometry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Feb 13;104(7):2199-204. Epub 2007 Feb 7. [PubMed ]
38. Wang B, Malik R, Nigg EA, Korner R: Evaluation of the low-specificity protease elastase for large-scale phosphoproteome analysis. Anal Chem. 2008 Dec 15;80(24):9526-33. [PubMed ]
39. Pham LV, Zhou HJ, Lin-Lee YC, Tamayo AT, Yoshimura LC, Fu L, Darnay BG, Ford RJ: Nuclear tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 in lymphoid cells negatively regulates c-Myb-mediated transactivation through small ubiquitin-related modifier-1 modification. J Biol Chem. 2008 Feb 22;283(8):5081-9. Epub 2007 Dec 19. [PubMed ]
40. Daub H, Olsen JV, Bairlein M, Gnad F, Oppermann FS, Korner R, Greff Z, Keri G, Stemmann O, Mann M: Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle. Mol Cell. 2008 Aug 8;31(3):438-48. [PubMed ]
41. Qiu Z, Ghosh A: A calcium-dependent switch in a CREST-BRG1 complex regulates activity-dependent gene expression. Neuron. 2008 Dec 10;60(5):775-87. [PubMed ]
42. Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]
43. Han G, Ye M, Zhou H, Jiang X, Feng S, Jiang X, Tian R, Wan D, Zou H, Gu J: Large-scale phosphoproteome analysis of human liver tissue by enrichment and fractionation of phosphopeptides with strong anion exchange chromatography. Proteomics. 2008 Apr;8(7):1346-61. [PubMed ]
44. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
45. Takahata M, Inoue Y, Tsuda H, Imoto I, Koinuma D, Hayashi M, Ichikura T, Yamori T, Nagasaki K, Yoshida M, Matsuoka M, Morishita K, Yuki K, Hanyu A, Miyazawa K, Inazawa J, Miyazono K, Imamura T: SKI and MEL1 cooperate to inhibit transforming growth factor-beta signal in gastric cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 2009 Jan 30;284(5):3334-44. Epub 2008 Dec 1. [PubMed ]
46. Oppermann FS, Gnad F, Olsen JV, Hornberger R, Greff Z, Keri G, Mann M, Daub H: Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2009 Jul;8(7):1751-64. Epub 2009 Apr 15. [PubMed ]
47. Kajiwara Y, Akram A, Katsel P, Haroutunian V, Schmeidler J, Beecham G, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA, Buxbaum JD: FE65 binds Teashirt, inhibiting expression of the primate-specific caspase-4. PLoS One. 2009;4(4):e5071. Epub 2009 Apr 3. [PubMed ]
48. Oh YM, Kwon YE, Kim JM, Bae SJ, Lee BK, Yoo SJ, Chung CH, Deshaies RJ, Seol JH: Chfr is linked to tumour metastasis through the downregulation of HDAC1. Nat Cell Biol. 2009 Mar;11(3):295-302. Epub 2009 Feb 1. [PubMed ]
49. Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed ]
50. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]

1. Ishihara K, Takahashi A, Kaneko M, Sugeno H, Hirasawa N, Hong J, Zee O, Ohuchi K: Differentiation of eosinophilic leukemia EoL-1 cells into eosinophils induced by histone deacetylase inhibitors. Life Sci. 2007 Mar 6;80(13):1213-20. Epub 2007 Jan 11. [PubMed ]

1. Acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member 1
2. Butyrate--CoA ligase 1
3. Butyryl-coenzyme A synthetase 1
4. Lipoate-activating enzyme
5. Middle-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1

MQWLMRFRTLWGIHKSFHNIHPAPSQLRCRSLSEFGAPRWNDYEVPEEFNFASYVLDYWA
QKEKEGKRGPNPAFWWVNGQGDEVKWSFREMGDLTRRVANVFTQTCGLQQGDHLALMLPR
VPEWWLVAVGCMRTGIIFIPATILLKAKDILYRLQLSKAKGIVTIDALASEVDSIASQCP
SLKTKLLVSDHSREGWLDFRSLVKSASPEHTCVKSKTLDPMVIFFTSGTTGFPKMAKHSH
GLALQPSFPGSRKLRSLKTSDVSWCLSDSGWIVATIWTLVEPWTAGCTVFIHHLPQFDTK
VIIQTLLKYPINHFWGVSSIYRMILQQDFTSIRFPALEHCYTGGEVVLPKDQEEWKRRTG
LLLYENYGQSETGLICATYWGMKIKPGFMGKATPPYDVQVIDDKGSILPPNTEGNIGIRI
KPVRPVSLFMCYEGDPEKTAKVECGDFYNTGDRGKMDEEGYICFLGRSDDIINASGYRIG
PAEVESALVEHPAVAESAVVGSPDPIRGEVVKAFIVLTPQFLSHDKDQLTKELQQHVKSV
TAPYKYPRKVEFVSELPKTITGKIERKELRKKETGQM

• Butyrate Metabolism (map00650 )

• ATP + an acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA [RN:R00389]

• AMP-binding (PF00501 )

• None

• None

ATGCAGTGGCTAATGAGGTTCCGGACCCTCTGGGGCATCCACAAATCCTTCCACAACATC
CACCCTGCCCCTTCACAGCTGCGCTGCCGGTCTTTATCAGAATTTGGAGCCCCAAGATGG
AATGACTATGAAGTACCGGAGGAATTTAACTTTGCAAGTTATGTACTGGACTACTGGGCT
CAAAAGGAGAAGGAGGGCAAGAGAGGTCCAAATCCAGCTTTTTGGTGGGTGAATGGCCAA
GGGGATGAAGTAAAGTGGAGCTTCAGAGAGATGGGAGACCTAACCCGCCGTGTAGCCAAC
GTCTTCACACAGACCTGTGGCCTACAACAGGGAGACCATCTGGCCTTGATGCTGCCTCGA
GTTCCTGAGTGGTGGCTGGTGGCTGTGGGCTGCATGCGAACAGGGATCATCTTCATTCCT
GCGACCATCCTGTTGAAGGCCAAAGACATTCTCTATCGACTACAGTTGTCTAAAGCCAAG
GGCATTGTGACCATAGATGCCCTTGCCTCAGAGGTGGACTCCATAGCTTCTCAGTGCCCC
TCTCTGAAAACCAAGCTCCTGGTGTCTGATCACAGCCGTGAAGGGTGGCTGGACTTCCGA
TCGCTGGTTAAATCAGCATCCCCAGAACACACCTGTGTTAAGTCAAAGACCTTGGACCCA
ATGGTCATCTTCTTCACCAGTGGGACCACAGGCTTCCCCAAGATGGCAAAACACTCCCAT
GGGTTGGCCTTACAACCCTCCTTCCCAGGAAGTAGGAAATTACGGAGCCTGAAGACATCT
GATGTCTCCTGGTGCCTGTCGGACTCAGGATGGATTGTGGCTACCATTTGGACCCTGGTA
GAACCATGGACAGCGGGTTGTACAGTCTTTATCCACCATCTGCCACAGTTTGACACCAAG
GTCATCATACAGACATTGTTGAAATACCCCATTAACCACTTTTGGGGGGTATCATCTATA
TATCGAATGATTCTGCAGCAGGATTTCACCAGCATCAGGTTCCCTGCCCTGGAGCACTGC
TATACTGGCGGGGAGGTCGTGTTGCCCAAGGATCAGGAGGAGTGGAAAAGACGGACGGGC
CTTCTGCTCTACGAGAACTATGGGCAGTCGGAAACGGGACTAATTTGTGCCACCTACTGG
GGAATGAAGATCAAGCCGGGTTTCATGGGGAAGGCCACTCCACCCTATGACGTCCAGGTC
ATTGATGACAAGGGCAGCATCCTGCCACCTAACACAGAAGGAAACATTGGCATCAGAATC
AAACCTGTCAGGCCTGTGAGCCTCTTCATGTGCTATGAGGGTGACCCAGAGAAGACAGCT
AAAGTGGAATGTGGGGACTTCTACAACACTGGGGACAGAGGAAAGATGGATGAAGAGGGC
TACATTTGTTTCCTGGGGAGGAGTGATGACATCATTAATGCCTCTGGGTATCGCATCGGG
CCTGCAGAGGTTGAAAGCGCTTTGGTGGAGCACCCAGCGGTGGCGGAGTCAGCCGTGGTG
GGCAGCCCAGACCCGATTCGAGGGGAGGTGGTGAAGGCCTTTATTGTCCTGACCCCACAG
TTCCTGTCCCATGACAAGGATCAGCTGACCAAGGAACTGCAGCAGCATGTCAAGTCAGTG
ACAGCCCCATACAAGTACCCAAGGAACGTGGAGTTTGTCTCAGAGCTGCCAAAAACCATC
ACTGGCAAGATTGAACGGAAGGAACTTCGGAAAAAGGAGACTGGTCAGATGTAA

1. Fujino T, Takei YA, Sone H, Ioka RX, Kamataki A, Magoori K, Takahashi S, Sakai J, Yamamoto TT: Molecular identification and characterization of two medium-chain acyl-CoA synthetases, MACS1 and the Sa gene product. J Biol Chem. 2001 Sep 21;276(38):35961-6. Epub 2001 Jul 24. [PubMed ]
2. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]

MLGRFQPFSLVRSFRLGFEACCYPNQKCATQTIRPPDSRCLVQAVSQNFNFAKDVLDQWS
QLEKDGLRGPYPALWKVSAKGEEDKWSFERMTQLSKKAASILSDTCALSHGDRLMIILPP
TPEAYWICLACVRLGITFVPGSPQLTAKKIRYQLRMSKAQCIVANEAMAPVVNSAVSDCP
TLKTKLLVSDKSYDGWLDFKKLIQVAPPKQTYMRTKSQDPMAIFFTKGTTGAPKMVEYSQ
YGLGMGFSQASRRWMDLQPTDVLWSLGDAFGGSLSLSAVLGTWFQGACVFLCHMPTFCPE
TVLNVLSRFPITTLSANPEMYQELLQHKCFTSYRFKSLKQCVAAGGPISPGVIEDWKRIT
KLDIYEGYGQTETGLLCATSKTIKLKPSSLGKPLPPYIVQIVDENSNLLPPGEEGNIAIR
IKLNQPASLYCPHMVSWEEYASARGHMLYLTGDRGIMDEDGYFWWSGRVDDVANALGQRL

• ATP + an acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA [RN:R00389]

• AMP-binding (PF00501 )

• None

• None

ATGCTAGGCCGATTTCAACCCTTCTCCTTGGTCCGGAGTTTCAGACTGGGATTTGAAGCC
TGCTGCTATCCAAACCAAAAATGTGCTACTCAGACCATCAGACCCCCTGACTCCAGGTGC
CTAGTCCAAGCAGTTTCTCAGAACTTTAATTTTGCAAAGGATGTGTTGGATCAGTGGTCC
CAGCTGGAAAAGGACGGACTCAGAGGGCCTTACCCCGCCCTCTGGAAGGTTAGTGCCAAA
GGAGAAGAGGACAAATGGAGCTTTGAAAGGATGACTCAACTCTCCAAGAAGGCCGCCAGC
ATCCTCTCAGACACCTGTGCCCTTAGCCATGGAGACCGGCTGATGATAATCTTGCCCCCA
ACACCTGAAGCCTACTGGATCTGCCTGGCCTGTGTGCGCTTGGGAATCACCTTTGTGCCT
GGGAGCCCCCAGCTGACTGCCAAGAAAATTCGCTATCAATTACGCATGTCTAAGGCCCAG
TGCATTGTGGCTAATGAAGCTATGGCCCCAGTTGTAAACTCTGCCGTGTCCGACTGCCCC
ACCTTGAAAACCAAGCTCCTGGTGTCAGATAAGAGCTATGATGGGTGGTTGGATTTCAAG
AAGTTGATTCAAGTTGCCCCTCCAAAGCAGACCTACATGAGGACCAAAAGCCAAGATCCA
ATGGCCATATTCTTCACCAAGGGTACAACAGGAGCTCCCAAAATGGTCGAGTATTCCCAG
TATGGTTTGGGAATGGGATTCAGCCAGGCTTCCAGACGGTGGATGGATCTCCAGCCAACA
GATGTCTTGTGGAGTCTGGGTGATGCCTTTGGTGGATCTTTATCCCTGAGCGCTGTCTTG
GGAACTTGGTTCCAAGGAGCCTGTGTGTTTCTGTGTCACATGCCAACCTTCTGCCCTGAG
ACTGTTCTAAATGTCCTGTCCAGATTTCCCATCACCACTCTATCTGCAAATCCAGAGATG
TACCAGGAACTGCTTCAGCACAAGTGTTTCACCAGCTACAGATTCAAGAGTCTGAAGCAG
TGTGTGGCTGCAGGAGGACCCATCAGCCCTGGGGTGATTGAGGACTGGAAACGCATCACT
AAGTTGGACATCTATGAAGGCTATGGGCAGACGGAAACTGGTCTACTCTGTGCCACTTCC
AAAACAATAAAATTGAAGCCAAGCTCTCTGGGGAAGCCATTGCCACCTTATATTGTCCAG
ATTGTGGATGAAAACTCAAATCTCCTGCCTCCAGGGGAAGAAGGAAATATTGCAATCCGC
ATAAAACTAAACCAACCTGCTTCTCTGTACTGTCCACACATGGTGAGCTGGGAGGAATAT
GCTTCAGCAAGAGGCCACATGCTTTACCTCACAGGTGACAGAGGGATCATGGATGAAGAC
GGCTACTTCTGGTGGTCTGGTAGAGTTGATGATGTTGCCAATGCATTGGGTCAGAGATTG
TGA

1. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
2. Deloukas P, Earthrowl ME, Grafham DV, Rubenfield M, French L, Steward CA, Sims SK, Jones MC, Searle S, Scott C, Howe K, Hunt SE, Andrews TD, Gilbert JG, Swarbreck D, Ashurst JL, Taylor A, Battles J, Bird CP, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ashwell RI, Ambrose KD, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Bates K, Beasley H, Bray-Allen S, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Cahill P, Camire D, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Corby N, Coulson A, Dhami P, Dutta I, Dunn M, Faulkner L, Frankish A, Frankland JA, Garner P, Garnett J, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Grocock R, Gustafson E, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart E, Heath PD, Ho TP, Hopkins B, Horne J, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Hynds C, Johnson C, Johnson D, Kana A, Kay M, Kimberley AM, Kershaw JK, Kokkinaki M, Laird GK, Lawlor S, Lee HM, Leongamornlert DA, Laird G, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, McLaren S, McLay KE, McMurray A, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Milne S, Nickerson T, Nguyen M, Overton-Larty E, Palmer SA, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phillimore B, Porter K, Rice CM, Rogosin A, Ross MT, Sarafidou T, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Skuce CD, Smith M, Standring L, Sycamore N, Tester J, Thorpe A, Torcasso W, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tsolas J, Wall M, Walsh J, Wang H, Weinstock K, West AP, Willey DL, Whitehead SL, Wilming L, Wray PW, Young L, Chen Y, Lovering RC, Moschonas NK, Siebert R, Fechtel K, Bentley D, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Doucette-Stamm L, Beck S, Smith DR, Rogers J: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10. Nature. 2004 May 27;429(6990):375-81. [PubMed ]
3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]

1. Acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member 2A
2. Butyrate--CoA ligase 2A
3. Butyryl-coenzyme A synthetase 2A
4. Middle-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 2A

MHWLRKVQGLCTLWGTQMSSRTLYINSRQLVSLQWGHQEVPAKFNFASDVLDHWADMEKA
GKRLPSPALWWVNGKGKELMWNFRELSENSQQAANVLSGACGLQRGDRVAVVLPRVPEWW
LVILGCIRAGLIFMPGTIQMKSTDILYRLQMSKAKAIVAGDEVIQEVDTVASECPSLRIK
LLVSEKSCDGWLNFKKLLNEASTTHHCVETGSQEASAIYFTSGTSGLPKMAEHSYSSLGL
KAKMDAGWTGLQASDIMWTISDTGWILNILCSLMEPWALGACTFVHLLPKFDPLVILKTL
SSYPIKSMMGAPIVYRMLLQQDLSSYKFPHLQNCVTVGESLLPETLENWRAQTGLDIRES
YGQTETGLTCMVSKTMKIKPGYMGTAASCYDVQIIDDKGNVLPPGTEGDIGIRVKPIRPI
GIFSGYVDNPDKTAANIRGDFWLLGDRGIKDEDGYFQFMGRANDIINSSGYRIGPSEVEN
ALMEHPAVVETAVISSPDPVRGEVVKAFVVLASQFLSHDPEQLTKELQQHVKSVTAPYKY
PRKIEFVLNLPKTVTGKIQRAKLRDKEWKMSGKARAQ

• Butyrate Metabolism (map00650 )

• ATP + an acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA [RN:R00389]

• AMP-binding (PF00501 )

• None

• None

ATGCATTGGCTGCGAAAAGTTCAGGGACTTTGCACCCTGTGGGGTACTCAGATGTCCAGC
CGCACTCTCTACATTAATAGTAGGCAACTGGTGTCCCTGCAGTGGGGCCACCAGGAAGTG
CCGGCCAAGTTTAACTTTGCTAGTGATGTGTTGGATCACTGGGCTGACATGGAGAAGGCT
GGCAAGCGACTCCCAAGCCCAGCCCTGTGGTGGGTGAATGGGAAGGGGAAGGAATTAATG
TGGAATTTCAGAGAACTGAGTGAAAACAGCCAGCAGGCAGCCAACGTCCTCTCGGGAGCC
TGTGGCCTGCAGCGTGGGGATCGTGTGGCAGTGGTGCTGCCCCGAGTGCCTGAGTGGTGG
CTGGTGATCCTGGGCTGCATTCGAGCAGGTCTCATCTTTATGCCTGGAACCATCCAGATG
AAATCCACTGACATACTGTATAGGTTGCAGATGTCTAAGGCCAAGGCTATTGTTGCTGGG
GATGAAGTCATCCAAGAAGTGGACACAGTGGCATCTGAATGTCCTTCTCTGAGAATTAAG
CTACTGGTGTCTGAGAAAAGCTGTGATGGGTGGCTGAACTTCAAGAAACTACTAAATGAG
GCATCCACCACTCATCACTGTGTGGAGACTGGAAGCCAGGAAGCATCTGCCATCTACTTC
ACTAGTGGGACCAGTGGTCTTCCCAAGATGGCAGAACATTCCTACTCGAGCCTGGGCCTC
AAGGCCAAGATGGATGCTGGTTGGACAGGCCTGCAAGCCTCTGATATAATGTGGACCATA
TCAGACACAGGTTGGATACTGAACATCTTGTGCTCACTTATGGAACCTTGGGCATTAGGA
GCATGCACATTTGTTCATCTCTTGCCAAAGTTTGACCCACTGGTTATTCTAAAGACACTC
TCCAGTTATCCAATCAAGAGTATGATGGGTGCCCCCATTGTTTACCGGATGTTGCTACAG
CAGGATCTTTCCAGTTACAAGTTCCCCCATCTACAGAACTGCGTCACTGTAGGGGAGTCC
CTTCTTCCAGAAACTCTGGAGAACTGGAGGGCCCAGACAGGACTGGACATCCGAGAATCC
TATGGCCAGACAGAAACGGGATTAACTTGCATGGTTTCCAAGACAATGAAAATCAAACCA
GGATACATGGGAACGGCTGCTTCCTGTTATGATGTACAGATCATAGATGATAAGGGCAAC
GTCCTGCCCCCCGGCACAGAAGGAGACATTGGCATCAGGGTCAAACCCATCAGGCCTATA
GGCATCTTCTCTGGCTATGTGGACAATCCCGACAAGACAGCAGCCAACATTCGAGGAGAC
TTTTGGCTCCTTGGAGACCGGGGAATCAAAGATGAAGATGGGTATTTCCAGTTTATGGGA
CGGGCAGATGATATCATTAACTCCAGCGGGTACCGGATTGGACCCTCGGAGGTAGAGAAT
GCACTGATGGAGCACCCTGCTGTGGTTGAGACGGCTGTGATCAGCAGCCCAGACCCCGTC
CGAGGAGAGGTGGTGAAGGCATTTGTGGTCCTGGCCTCGCAGTTCCTGTCCCATGACCCA
GAACAGCTCACCAAGGAGCTGCAGCAGCATGTGAAGTCAGTGACAGCCCCATACAAGTAC
CCAAGAAAGATAGAGTTTGTCTTGAACCTGCCCAAGACTGTCACAGGGAAAATTCAACGA
GCCAAGCTTCGAGACAAGGAGTGGAAGATGTCCGGAAAAGCCCGTGCGCAGTGA

1. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
2. Martin J, Han C, Gordon LA, Terry A, Prabhakar S, She X, Xie G, Hellsten U, Chan YM, Altherr M, Couronne O, Aerts A, Bajorek E, Black S, Blumer H, Branscomb E, Brown NC, Bruno WJ, Buckingham JM, Callen DF, Campbell CS, Campbell ML, Campbell EW, Caoile C, Challacombe JF, Chasteen LA, Chertkov O, Chi HC, Christensen M, Clark LM, Cohn JD, Denys M, Detter JC, Dickson M, Dimitrijevic-Bussod M, Escobar J, Fawcett JJ, Flowers D, Fotopulos D, Glavina T, Gomez M, Gonzales E, Goodstein D, Goodwin LA, Grady DL, Grigoriev I, Groza M, Hammon N, Hawkins T, Haydu L, Hildebrand CE, Huang W, Israni S, Jett J, Jewett PB, Kadner K, Kimball H, Kobayashi A, Krawczyk MC, Leyba T, Longmire JL, Lopez F, Lou Y, Lowry S, Ludeman T, Manohar CF, Mark GA, McMurray KL, Meincke LJ, Morgan J, Moyzis RK, Mundt MO, Munk AC, Nandkeshwar RD, Pitluck S, Pollard M, Predki P, Parson-Quintana B, Ramirez L, Rash S, Retterer J, Ricke DO, Robinson DL, Rodriguez A, Salamov A, Saunders EH, Scott D, Shough T, Stallings RL, Stalvey M, Sutherland RD, Tapia R, Tesmer JG, Thayer N, Thompson LS, Tice H, Torney DC, Tran-Gyamfi M, Tsai M, Ulanovsky LE, Ustaszewska A, Vo N, White PS, Williams AL, Wills PL, Wu JR, Wu K, Yang J, Dejong P, Bruce D, Doggett NA, Deaven L, Schmutz J, Grimwood J, Richardson P, Rokhsar DS, Eichler EE, Gilna P, Lucas SM, Myers RM, Rubin EM, Pennacchio LA: The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16. Nature. 2004 Dec 23;432(7020):988-94. [PubMed ]
3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
4. Loftus BJ, Kim UJ, Sneddon VP, Kalush F, Brandon R, Fuhrmann J, Mason T, Crosby ML, Barnstead M, Cronin L, Deslattes Mays A, Cao Y, Xu RX, Kang HL, Mitchell S, Eichler EE, Harris PC, Venter JC, Adams MD: Genome duplications and other features in 12 Mb of DNA sequence from human chromosome 16p and 16q. Genomics. 1999 Sep 15;60(3):295-308. [PubMed ]
5. Kochan G, Pilka ES, von Delft F, Oppermann U, Yue WW: Structural snapshots for the conformation-dependent catalysis by human medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase ACSM2A. J Mol Biol. 2009 May 22;388(5):997-1008. Epub 2009 Apr 1. [PubMed ]
6. Iwai N, Mannami T, Tomoike H, Ono K, Iwanaga Y: An acyl-CoA synthetase gene family in chromosome 16p12 may contribute to multiple risk factors. Hypertension. 2003 May;41(5):1041-6. Epub 2003 Mar 24. [PubMed ]
7. Lindner I, Rubin D, Helwig U, Nitz I, Hampe J, Schreiber S, Schrezenmeir J, Doring F: The L513S polymorphism in medium-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 2 (MACS2) is associated with risk factors of the metabolic syndrome in a Caucasian study population. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2006 Mar;50(3):270-4. [PubMed ]

1. Acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member 2B
2. Butyrate--CoA ligase 2B
3. Butyryl-coenzyme A synthetase 2B
4. Middle-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 2B
5. Xenobiotic/medium-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase HXM-A

MHWLRKVQGLCTLWGTQMSSRTLYINSRQLVSLQWGHQEVPAKFNFASDVLDHWADMEKA
GKRLPSPALWWVNGKGKELMWNFRELSENSQQAANILSGACGLQRGDRVAVMLPRVPEWW
LVILGCIRAGLIFMPGTIQMKSTDILYRLQMSKAKAIVAGDEVIQEVDTVASECPSLRIK
LLVSEKSCDGWLNFKKLLNEASTTHHCVETGSQEASAIYFTSGTSGLPKMAEHSYSSLGL
KAKMDAGWTGLQASDIMWTISDTGWILNILGSLLESWTLGACTFVHLLPKFDPLVILKTL
SSYPIKSMMGAPIVYRMLLQQDLSSYKFPHLQNCLAGGESLLPETLENWRAQTGLDIREF
YGQTETGLTCMVSKTMKIKPGYMGTAASCYDVQVIDDKGNVLPPGTEGDIGIRVKPIRPI
GIFSGYVENPDKTAANIRGDFWLLGDRGIKDEDGYFQFMGRADDIINSSGYRIGPSEVEN
ALMKHPAVVETAVISSPDPVRGEVVKAFVILASQFLSHDPEQLTKELQQHVKSVTAPYKY
PRKIEFVLNLPKTVTGKIQRTKLRDKEWKMSGKARAQ

• Butyrate Metabolism (map00650 )

• ATP + an acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA [RN:R00389]

• AMP-binding (PF00501 )

• None

• None

ATGCATTGGCTGCGAAAAGTTCAGGGACTTTGCACCCTGTGGGGTACTCAGATGTCCAGC
CGCACTCTCTACATTAATAGTAGGCAACTGGTGTCCCTGCAGTGGGGCCACCAGGAAGTT
CCGGCCAAGTTTAACTTTGCTAGTGATGTGTTGGATCACTGGGCTGACATGGAGAAGGCT
GGCAAGCGACTCCCAAGCCCAGCCCTGTGGTGGGTGAATGGGAAGGGGAAGGAATTAATG
TGGAATTTCAGAGAACTGAGTGAAAACAGCCAGCAGGCAGCCAACGTCCTCTCGGGAGCC
TGTGGCCTGCAGCGTGGGGATCGTGTGGCAGTGATGCTGCCCCGAGTGCCTGAGTGGTGG
CTGGTGATCCTGGGCTGCATTCGAGCAGGTCTCATCTTTATGCCTGGAACCATCCAGATG
AAATCCACTGACATACTGTATAGGTTGCAGATGTCTAAGGCCAAGGCTATTGTTGCTGGG
GATGAAGTCATCCAAGAAGTGGACACAGTGGCATCTGAATGTCCTTCTCTGAGAATTAAG
CTACTGGTGTCTGAGAAAAGCTGCGATGGGTGGCTGAACTTCAAGAAACTACTAAATGAG
GCATCCACCACTCATCACTGTGTGGAGACTGGAAGCCAGGAAGCATCTGCCATCTACTTC
ACTAGTGGGACCAGTGGTCTTCCCAAGATGGCAGAACATTCCTACTCGAGCCTGGGCCTC
AAGGCCAAGATGGATGCTGGTTGGACAGGCCTGCAAGCCTCTGATATAATGTGGACCATA
TCAGACACAGGTTGGATACTGAACATCTTGGGCTCACTTTTGGAATCTTGGACATTAGGA
GCATGCACATTTGTTCATCTCTTGCCAAAGTTTGACCCACTGGTTATTCTAAAGACACTC
TCCAGTTATCCAATCAAGAGTATGATGGGTGCCCCTATTGTTTACCGGATGTTGCTACAG
CAGGATCTTTCCAGTTACAAGTTCCCCCATCTACAGAACTGCCTCGCTGGAGGGGAGTCC
CTTCTTCCAGAAACTCTGGAGAACTGGAGGGCCCAGACAGGACTGGACATCCGAGAATTC
TATGGCCAGACAGAAACGGGATTAACTTGCATGGTTTCCAAGACAATGAAAATCAAACCA
GGATACATGGGAACGGCTGCTTCCTGTTATGATGTACAGGTTATAGATGATAAGGGCAAC
GTCCTGCCCCCCGGCACAGAAGGAGACATTGGCATCAGGGTCAAACCCATCAGGCCTATA
GGCATCTTCTCTGGCTATGTGGAAAATCCCGACAAGACAGCAGCCAACATTCGAGGAGAC
TTTTGGCTCCTTGGAGACCGGGGAATCAAAGATGAAGATGGGTATTTCCAGTTTATGGGA
CGGGCAGATGATATCATTAACTCCAGCGGGTACCGGATTGGACCCTCGGAGGTAGAGAAT
GCACTGATGAAGCACCCTGCTGTGGTTGAGACGGCTGTGATCAGCAGCCCAGACCCCGTC
CGAGGAGAGGTGGTGAAGGCATTTGTGATCCTGGCCTCGCAGTTCCTATCCCATGACCCA
GAACAGCTCACCAAGGAGCTGCAGCAGCATGTGAAGTCAGTGACAGCCCCATACAAGTAC
CCAAGAAAGATAGAGTTTGTCTTGAACCTGCCCAAGACTGTCACAGGGAAAATTCAACGA
ACCAAACTTCGAGACAAGGAGTGGAAGATGTCCGGAAAAGCCCGTGCGCAGTGA

1. Vessey DA, Lau E, Kelley M, Warren RS: Isolation, sequencing, and expression of a cDNA for the HXM-A form of xenobiotic/medium-chain fatty acid:CoA ligase from human liver mitochondria. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2003;17(1):1-6. [PubMed ]
2. Yamada S, Ohira M, Horie H, Ando K, Takayasu H, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Hirata T, Goto T, Matsunaga T, Hiyama E, Hayashi Y, Ando H, Suita S, Kaneko M, Sasaki F, Hashizume K, Ohnuma N, Nakagawara A: Expression profiling and differential screening between hepatoblastomas and the corresponding normal livers: identification of high expression of the PLK1 oncogene as a poor-prognostic indicator of hepatoblastomas. Oncogene. 2004 Aug 5;23(35):5901-11. [PubMed ]
3. Martin J, Han C, Gordon LA, Terry A, Prabhakar S, She X, Xie G, Hellsten U, Chan YM, Altherr M, Couronne O, Aerts A, Bajorek E, Black S, Blumer H, Branscomb E, Brown NC, Bruno WJ, Buckingham JM, Callen DF, Campbell CS, Campbell ML, Campbell EW, Caoile C, Challacombe JF, Chasteen LA, Chertkov O, Chi HC, Christensen M, Clark LM, Cohn JD, Denys M, Detter JC, Dickson M, Dimitrijevic-Bussod M, Escobar J, Fawcett JJ, Flowers D, Fotopulos D, Glavina T, Gomez M, Gonzales E, Goodstein D, Goodwin LA, Grady DL, Grigoriev I, Groza M, Hammon N, Hawkins T, Haydu L, Hildebrand CE, Huang W, Israni S, Jett J, Jewett PB, Kadner K, Kimball H, Kobayashi A, Krawczyk MC, Leyba T, Longmire JL, Lopez F, Lou Y, Lowry S, Ludeman T, Manohar CF, Mark GA, McMurray KL, Meincke LJ, Morgan J, Moyzis RK, Mundt MO, Munk AC, Nandkeshwar RD, Pitluck S, Pollard M, Predki P, Parson-Quintana B, Ramirez L, Rash S, Retterer J, Ricke DO, Robinson DL, Rodriguez A, Salamov A, Saunders EH, Scott D, Shough T, Stallings RL, Stalvey M, Sutherland RD, Tapia R, Tesmer JG, Thayer N, Thompson LS, Tice H, Torney DC, Tran-Gyamfi M, Tsai M, Ulanovsky LE, Ustaszewska A, Vo N, White PS, Williams AL, Wills PL, Wu JR, Wu K, Yang J, Dejong P, Bruce D, Doggett NA, Deaven L, Schmutz J, Grimwood J, Richardson P, Rokhsar DS, Eichler EE, Gilna P, Lucas SM, Myers RM, Rubin EM, Pennacchio LA: The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16. Nature. 2004 Dec 23;432(7020):988-94. [PubMed ]
4. Vessey DA, Kelley M, Warren RS: Characterization of the CoA ligases of human liver mitochondria catalyzing the activation of short- and medium-chain fatty acids and xenobiotic carboxylic acids. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999 Aug 5;1428(2-3):455-62. [PubMed ]
5. Boomgaarden I, Vock C, Klapper M, Doring F: Comparative analyses of disease risk genes belonging to the acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain (ACSM) family in human liver and cell lines. Biochem Genet. 2009 Oct;47(9-10):739-48. Epub 2009 Jul 26. [PubMed ]

1. Acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member 3
2. Butyrate--CoA ligase 3
3. Butyryl-coenzyme A synthetase 3
4. Middle-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 3
5. Protein SA homolog

MLARVTRKMLRHAKCFQRLAIFGSVRALHKDNRTATPQNFSNYESMKQDFKLGIPEYFNF
AKDVLDQWTDKEKAGKKPSNPAFWWINRNGEEMRWSFEELGSLSRKFANILSEACSLQRG
DRVILILPRVPEWWLANVACLRTGTVLIPGTTQLTQKDILYRLQSSKANCIITNDVLAPA
VDAVASKCENLHSKLIVSENSREGWGNLKELMKHASDSHTCVKTKHNEIMAIFFTSGTSG
YPKMTAHTHSSFGLGLSVNGRFWLDLTPSDVMWNTSDTGWAKSAWSSVFSPWIQGACVFT
HHLPRFEPTSILQTLSKYPITVFCSAPTVYRMLVQNDITSYKFKSLKHCVSAGEPITPDV
TEKWRNKTGLDIYEGYGQTETVLICGNFKGMKIKPGSMGKPSPAFDVKIVDVNGNVLPPG
QEGDIGIQVLPNRPFGLFTHYVDNPSKTASTLRGNFYITGDRGYMDKDGYFWFVARADDV
ILSSGYRIGPFEVENALNEHPSVAESAVVSSPDPIRGEVVKAFVVLNPDYKSHDQEQLIK
EIQEHVKKTTAPYKYPRKVEFIQELPKTISGKTKRNELRKKEWKTI

• Butyrate Metabolism (map00650 )

• ATP + an acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA [RN:R00389]

• AMP-binding (PF00501 )

• None

• None

ATGCTAGCTCGTGTCACCAGGAAGATGCTACGTCATGCCAAGTGTTTTCAGCGCCTAGCA
ATTTTTGGTTCTGTGAGGGCACTGCATAAAGATAATAGAACAGCAACCCCTCAGAATTTC
TCCAACTATGAATCCATGAAACAGGACTTCAAACTGGGGATTCCAGAGTATTTCAACTTT
GCTAAAGATGTCCTGGACCAATGGACTGATAAGGAAAAGGCTGGAAAGAAACCTTCAAAT
CCAGCCTTCTGGTGGATCAACAGAAATGGAGAAGAGATGCGATGGAGTTTTGAGGAACTG
GGATCTCTGTCCAGAAAATTTGCCAATATACTTTCAGAAGCCTGTTCCCTACAAAGAGGA
GATCGGGTAATTCTGATTCTGCCCAGGGTCCCAGAGTGGTGGCTTGCAAATGTGGCCTGT
CTGCGAACAGGGACAGTTTTAATTCCAGGAACCACTCAGCTGACCCAGAAAGACATTCTC
TACAGACTACAATCTTCAAAAGCAAACTGCATTATCACCAATGATGTTTTAGCCCCAGCA
GTAGACGCTGTTGCATCCAAATGTGAAAATCTGCACTCCAAGCTGATTGTATCAGAGAAC
TCCAGAGAGGGGTGGGGGAACCTCAAGGAGTTGATGAAACATGCCAGTGACAGCCACACC
TGTGTGAAGACAAAACACAATGAGATCATGGCCATATTCTTTACCAGTGGAACAAGTGGA
TATCCGAAAATGACTGCACACACCCACAGCAGTTTTGGTTTAGGATTATCTGTAAATGGA
AGGTTCTGGCTAGATTTGACACCCTCAGATGTGATGTGGAATACCTCAGATACGGGCTGG
GCAAAGTCTGCATGGAGTAGTGTTTTTTCTCCGTGGATCCAGGGAGCATGTGTATTCACA
CACCATTTACCCCGTTTTGAGCCGACTTCTATCTTGCAAACACTCTCCAAGTACCCCATC
ACAGTCTTCTGTTCAGCACCAACTGTATACCGAATGCTTGTACAGAATGATATAACCAGC
TATAAGTTTAAAAGCTTAAAGCACTGTGTGAGTGCTGGGGAACCAATTACCCCTGACGTG
ACTGAAAAATGGAGAAACAAGACGGGCCTGGATATCTACGAAGGATATGGACAGACTGAA
ACGGTGCTAATCTGTGGAAATTTTAAGGGAATGAAAATTAAACCTGGCTCAATGGGAAAA
CCTTCTCCTGCTTTCGATGTTAAGATTGTAGATGTAAATGGCAATGTTCTACCTCCTGGA
CAAGAAGGAGATATTGGCATTCAAGTTCTACCCAACCGACCATTTGGCCTTTTTACTCAT
TACGTAGATAATCCTTCAAAAACAGCTTCAACTCTACGAGGCAATTTCTATATCACTGGG
GACAGAGGATATATGGATAAAGATGGGTATTTCTGGTTTGTTGCAAGAGCAGATGATGTC
ATATTATCCTCTGGCTATCGAATTGGACCATTTGAGGTAGAAAATGCCCTGAATGAACAC
CCTTCAGTTGCAGAGTCAGCTGTTGTCAGCAGCCCAGACCCCATCAGAGGAGAGGTAGTA
AAGGCTTTTGTCGTTCTAAATCCTGATTACAAGTCACATGATCAAGAACAACTAATAAAG
GAGATTCAGGAGCATGTTAAAAAAACTACAGCACCTTACAAATATCCCAGAAAGGTAGAA
TTTATTCAAGAGCTGCCAAAGACTATCAGTGGGAAGACAAAAAGAAATGAACTGAGGAAG
AAAGAATGGAAGACAATTTAA

1. Iwai N, Ohmichi N, Hanai K, Nakamura Y, Kinoshita M: Human SA gene locus as a candidate locus for essential hypertension. Hypertension. 1994 Mar;23(3):375-80. [PubMed ]
2. Nabika T, Bonnardeaux A, James M, Julier C, Jeunemaitre X, Corvol P, Lathrop M, Soubrier F: Evaluation of the SA locus in human hypertension. Hypertension. 1995 Jan;25(1):6-13. [PubMed ]
3. Loftus BJ, Kim UJ, Sneddon VP, Kalush F, Brandon R, Fuhrmann J, Mason T, Crosby ML, Barnstead M, Cronin L, Deslattes Mays A, Cao Y, Xu RX, Kang HL, Mitchell S, Eichler EE, Harris PC, Venter JC, Adams MD: Genome duplications and other features in 12 Mb of DNA sequence from human chromosome 16p and 16q. Genomics. 1999 Sep 15;60(3):295-308. [PubMed ]
4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
5. Tang LY, Deng N, Wang LS, Dai J, Wang ZL, Jiang XS, Li SJ, Li L, Sheng QH, Wu DQ, Li L, Zeng R: Quantitative phosphoproteome profiling of Wnt3a-mediated signaling network: indicating the involvement of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase M2 subunit phosphorylation at residue serine 20 in canonical Wnt signal transduction. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2007 Nov;6(11):1952-67. Epub 2007 Aug 12. [PubMed ]
6. Telgmann R, Brand E, Nicaud V, Hagedorn C, Beining K, Schonfelder J, Brink-Spalink V, Schmidt-Petersen K, Matanis T, Vischer P, Nofer JR, Hasenkamp S, Plouin PF, Drouet L, Cambien F, Paul M, Tiret L, Brand-Herrmann SM: SAH gene variants are associated with obesity-related hypertension in Caucasians: the PEGASE Study. J Hypertens. 2007 Mar;25(3):557-64. [PubMed ]

MRPWLRHLVLQALRNSRAFCGSHGKPAPLPVPQKIVATWEAISLGRQLVPEYFNFAHDVL
DVWSRLEEAGHRPPNPAFWWVNGTGAEIKWSFEELGKQSRKAANVLGGACGLQPGDRMML
VLPRLPEWWLVSVACMRTGTVMIPGVTQLTEKDLKYRLQASRAKSIITSDSLAPRVDAIS
AECPSLQTKLLVSDSSRPGWLNFRELLREASTEHNCMRTKSRDPLAIYFTSGTTGAPKMV
EHSQSSYGLGFVASGRRWVALTESDIFWNTTDTGWVKAAWTLFSAWPNGSCIFVHELPRV
DAKVILNTLSKFPITTLCCVPTIFRLLVQEDLTRYQFQSLRHCLTGGEALNPDVREKWKH
QTGVELYEGYGQSETVVICANPKGMKIKSGSMGKASPPYDVQIVDDEGNVLPPGEEGNVA
VRIRPTRPFCFFNCYLDNPEKTAASEQGDFYITGDRARMDKDGYFWFMGRNDDVINSSSY
RIGPVEVESALAEHPAVLESAVVSSPDPIRGEVVKAFIVLTPAYSSHDPEALTRELQEHV
KRVTAPYKYPRKVAFVSELPKTVSGKIQRSKLRSQEWGK

• Butyrate Metabolism (map00650 )

• ATP + an acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA [RN:R00389]

• AMP-binding (PF00501 )

• None

• None

ATGAGACCATGGCTGAGACACCTAGTCCTCCAGGCACTGAGGAACTCCAGGGCATTCTGT
GGGTCTCATGGGAAGCCAGCACCTCTACCTGTTCCTCAGAAGATCGTGGCCACCTGGGAA
GCCATCAGCCTGGGAAGGCAGCTGGTGCCTGAGTACTTCAACTTCGCCCATGATGTGCTG
GATGTGTGGAGTCGGCTGGAAGAGGCTGGACACCGCCCCCCAAATCCTGCCTTCTGGTGG
GTCAATGGCACAGGAGCAGAGATCAAGTGGAGCTTTGAGGAGCTGGGGAAGCAGTCCAGG
AAGGCAGCCAATGTGCTGGGGGGTGCATGCGGCCTGCAGCCTGGGGACAGAATGATGCTG
GTACTCCCACGGCTCCCGGAGTGGTGGCTGGTCAGTGTGGCTTGCATGCGGACAGGGACT
GTGATGATTCCGGGTGTGACTCAGCTGACAGAGAAGGACCTCAAGTACCGGCTGCAGGCG
TCCAGGGCCAAGTCCATTATCACCAGTGACTCCCTAGCTCCAAGGGTGGATGCCATCAGT
GCCGAATGCCCCTCCCTCCAGACCAAGCTGCTGGTGTCAGACAGCAGTCGGCCAGGCTGG
TTGAACTTCAGGGAACTCCTCCGGGAGGCTTCTACAGAGCACAACTGCATGAGGACAAAG
AGTCGAGACCCGCTGGCCATCTACTTTACCAGCGGAACCACCGGGGCCCCCAAGATGGTC
GAGCACTCCCAGAGCAGCTACGGACTGGGTTTTGTGGCCAGCGGAAGACGGTGGGTGGCC
TTGACCGAATCTGACATCTTCTGGAACACGACTGACACTGGCTGGGTGAAGGCAGCCTGG
ACTCTCTTCTCTGCCTGGCCTAATGGATCTTGCATTTTTGTGCATGAGCTGCCCCGAGTT
GATGCCAAAGTTATCCTGAATACTCTCTCCAAATTCCCGATAACCACCCTCTGCTGTGTC
CCAACCATCTTTCGGCTGCTTGTGCAGGAGGATCTGACCAGGTACCAGTTTCAGAGCCTG
AGGCACTGTCTGACCGGAGGAGAGGCCCTCAACCCTGACGTGAGGGAGAAGTGGAAACAC
CAGACTGGTGTGGAGCTGTACGAAGGCTATGGCCAGTCTGAAACGGTTGTCATCTGTGCC
AATCCAAAAGGCATGAAAATCAAGTCTGGATCCATGGGGAAGGCGTCCCCACCCTACGAT
GTGCAGATTGTGGATGATGAGGGCAACGTCCTGCCTCCTGGAGAAGAGGGGAATGTTGCC
GTCCGTATCAGACCCACTCGGCCCTTCTGTTTCTTCAATTGCTATTTGGACAATCCTGAG
AAGACAGCTGCATCAGAACAAGGGGACTTTTACATCACAGGGGACCGAGCTCGCATGGAC
AAGGATGGCTACTTTTGGTTCATGGGAAGAAACGACGATGTGATCAATTCTTCAAGCTAC
CGGATCGGGCCTGTTGAAGTGGAAAGTGCCCTGGCAGAGCATCCTGCTGTCCTGGAGTCG
GCTGTGGTCAGCAGCCCAGACCCCATCAGGGGAGAGGTGGTAAAGGCATTTATAGTCCTT
ACTCCAGCCTACTCCTCTCATGACCCAGAGGCACTAACGCGGGAACTCCAGGAGCATGTG
AAAAGGGTGACTGCTCCATACAAATACCCCAGGAAGGTGGCCTTTGTTTCAGAACTGCCA
AAGACGGTTTCTGGAAAGATCCAAAGGAGTAAATTGCGAAGTCAGGAGTGGGGGAAATGA

1. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
2. Martin J, Han C, Gordon LA, Terry A, Prabhakar S, She X, Xie G, Hellsten U, Chan YM, Altherr M, Couronne O, Aerts A, Bajorek E, Black S, Blumer H, Branscomb E, Brown NC, Bruno WJ, Buckingham JM, Callen DF, Campbell CS, Campbell ML, Campbell EW, Caoile C, Challacombe JF, Chasteen LA, Chertkov O, Chi HC, Christensen M, Clark LM, Cohn JD, Denys M, Detter JC, Dickson M, Dimitrijevic-Bussod M, Escobar J, Fawcett JJ, Flowers D, Fotopulos D, Glavina T, Gomez M, Gonzales E, Goodstein D, Goodwin LA, Grady DL, Grigoriev I, Groza M, Hammon N, Hawkins T, Haydu L, Hildebrand CE, Huang W, Israni S, Jett J, Jewett PB, Kadner K, Kimball H, Kobayashi A, Krawczyk MC, Leyba T, Longmire JL, Lopez F, Lou Y, Lowry S, Ludeman T, Manohar CF, Mark GA, McMurray KL, Meincke LJ, Morgan J, Moyzis RK, Mundt MO, Munk AC, Nandkeshwar RD, Pitluck S, Pollard M, Predki P, Parson-Quintana B, Ramirez L, Rash S, Retterer J, Ricke DO, Robinson DL, Rodriguez A, Salamov A, Saunders EH, Scott D, Shough T, Stallings RL, Stalvey M, Sutherland RD, Tapia R, Tesmer JG, Thayer N, Thompson LS, Tice H, Torney DC, Tran-Gyamfi M, Tsai M, Ulanovsky LE, Ustaszewska A, Vo N, White PS, Williams AL, Wills PL, Wu JR, Wu K, Yang J, Dejong P, Bruce D, Doggett NA, Deaven L, Schmutz J, Grimwood J, Richardson P, Rokhsar DS, Eichler EE, Gilna P, Lucas SM, Myers RM, Rubin EM, Pennacchio LA: The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16. Nature. 2004 Dec 23;432(7020):988-94. [PubMed ]
3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
4. Iwai N, Mannami T, Tomoike H, Ono K, Iwanaga Y: An acyl-CoA synthetase gene family in chromosome 16p12 may contribute to multiple risk factors. Hypertension. 2003 May;41(5):1041-6. Epub 2003 Mar 24. [PubMed ]

MDQVAKNLLAARVARDIPNGSYVNLGIGLPTLVANHLPRHREIILHSENGVLGQWSAAEP
GQEDPDLINAGKEPVRLEKGAAFFHHADAFGMMRGGHLDICVLGAFQVSGHGDLANWHTG
DPDAIPAVGGAMDLAIGARRVFVMMDHMTRDGASKLRRQCSYPLTGLACVSRVYTELGTF
AIGPQGVAVIEIIGDMSPQALQSVTDVELDFTTLATAELA

• Benzoate Degradation via Hydroxylation (map00362 )

• acyl-CoA + acetate = a fatty acid anion + acetyl-CoA [RN:R00393]

• CoA_trans (PF01144 )

• None

• None

ATGGAAAGCAACGGAAACCCGCCGGAAGCGGTCCTGCCGGGCGGGCAGGATGCCGCGCCG
GCTACTGAAACCGCGCCGCCTGCGCGCAAGCGGCCGCGGCCGGGCGAGCGCCGCGTGCAG
ATCCTGCAGACGCTGGCAGCGATGCTCGAGCACCCGCGCGGGGAAAAGATCACCACCGCC
GCGCTGGCAGCACGCCTGAGCGTGTCGGAGGCCGCGCTGTACCGCCATTTCGCGAGCAAG
GCGCAGATGTACGAAGGCCTGATCGCCTTCATCGAGCAGACCGTGTTCGGCCTGATCAAC
CAGATCACGACGACCGAGGAGCATGGCCTGCGCCAGGTGCAGGCCATCGTGCGCATGCTG
CTGTCGTTCGCGGAGAAGAACCCCGGCATGACGCGCGTGTTGACCGGCGAGGCGCTCGTC
GGCGAGCACGAGCGCCTGCAGGACCGCATCAACCAGATGGTCGACCGCATCGAGGCCTCG
CTGCGCCAGTGCCTGAAGATCGCCGTGACGCAGGGCGCGTTCCCGGCCGATGCCGATGTC
GCGCTGCGCGCCGCGCTGGTCATGGCGTACGTGCAGGGCCAGTGGCATCGTTATGCCAAG
AGCGGTTTCCGCAAGTCGCCGGGCGAGCGCGTGGACGCGCAGTTGCGCGTGCTGCTCGGC
TAG

1. HD2

MAYSQGGGKKKVCYYYDGDIGNYYYGQGHPMKPHRIRMTHNLLLNYGLYRKMEIYRPHKA
TAEEMTKYHSDEYIKFLRSIRPDNMSEYSKQMQRFNVGEDCPVFDGLFEFCQLSTGGSVA
GAVKLNRQQTDMAVNWAGGLHHAKKSEASGFCYVNDIVLAILELLKYHQRVLYIDIDIHH
GDGVEEAFYTTDRVMTVSFHKYGEYFPGTGDLRDIGAGKGKYYAVNFPMRDGIDDESYGQ
IFKPIISKVMEMYQPSAVVLQCGADSLSGDRLGCFNLTVKGHAKCVEVVKTFNLPLLMLG
GGGYTIRNVARCWTYETAVALDCEIPNELPYNDYFEYFGPDFKLHISPSNMTNQNTPEYM
EKIKQRLFENLRMLPHAPGVQMQAIPEDAVHEDSGDEDGEDPDKRISIRASDKRIACDEE
FSDSEDEGEGGRRNVADHKKGAKKARIEEDKKETEDKKTDVKEEDKSKDNSGEKTDTKGT
KSEQLSNP

• Hydrolysis of an N6-acetyl-lysine residue of a histone to yield a deacetylated histone

• Hist_deacetyl (PF00850 )

• None

• None

ATGGCGTACAGTCAAGGAGGCGGCAAAAAAAAAGTCTGCTACTACTACGACGGTGATATT
GGAAATTATTATTATGGACAGGGTCATCCCATGAAGCCTCATAGAATCCGCATGACCCAT
AACTTGCTGTTAAATTATGGCTTATACAGAAAAATGGAAATATATAGGCCCCATAAAGCC
ACTGCCGAAGAAATGACAAAATATCACAGTGATGAGTATATCAAATTTCTACGGTCAATA
AGACCAGATAACATGTCTGAGTATAGTAAGCAGATGCAGAGATTTAATGTTGGAGAAGAT
TGTCCAGTGTTTGATGGACTCTTTGAGTTTTGTCAGCTCTCAACTGGCGGTTCAGTTGCT
GGAGCTGTGAAGTTAAACCGACAACAGACTGATATGGCTGTTAATTGGGCTGGAGGATTA
CATCATGCTAAGAAATCAGAAGCATCAGGATTCTGTTACGTTAATGATATTGTGCTTGCC
ATCCTTGAATTACTAAAGTATCATCAGAGAGTCTTATATATTGATATAGATATTCATCAT
GGTGATGGTGTTGAAGAAGCTTTTTATACAACAGATCGTGTAATGACGGTATCATTCCAT
AAATATGGGGAATACTTTCCTGGCACAGGAGACTTGAGGGATATTGGTGCTGGAAAAGGC
AAATACTATGCTGTCAATTTTCCAATGAGAGATGGTATAGATGATGAGTCATATGGGCAG
ATATTTAAGCCTATTATCTCAAAGGTGATGGAGATGTATCAACCTAGTGCTGTGGTATTA
CAGTGTGGTGCAGACTCATTATCTGGTGATAGACTGGGTTGTTTCAATCTAACAGTCAAA
GGTCATGCTAAATGTGTAGAAGTTGTAAAAACTTTTAACTTACCATTACTGATGCTTGGA
GGAGGTGGCTACACAATCCGTAATGTTGCTCGATGTTGGACATATGAGACTGCAGTTGCC
CTTGATTGTGAGATTCCCAATGAGTTGCCATATAATGATTACTTTGAGTATTTTGGACCA
GACTTCAAACTGCATATTAGTCCTTCAAACATGACAAACCAGAACACTCCAGAATATATG
GAAAAGATAAAACAGCGTTTGTTTGAAAATTTGCGCATGTTACCTCATGCACCTGGTGTC
CAGATGCAAGCTATTCCAGAAGATGCTGTTCATGAAGACAGTGGAGATGAAGATGGAGAA
GATCCAGACAAGAGAATTTCTATTCGAGCATCAGACAAGCGGATAGCTTGTGATGAAGAA
TTCTCAGATTCTGAGGATGAAGGAGAAGGAGGTCGAAGAAATGTGGCTGATCATAAGAAA
GGAGCAAAGAAAGCTAGAATTGAAGAAGATAAGAAAGAAACAGAGGACAAAAAAACAGAC
GTTAAGGAAGAAGATAAATCCAAGGACAACAGTGGTGAAAAAACAGATACCAAAGGAACC
AAATCAGAACAGCTCAGCAACCCCTGA

1. Yang WM, Inouye C, Zeng Y, Bearss D, Seto E: Transcriptional repression by YY1 is mediated by interaction with a mammalian homolog of the yeast global regulator RPD3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Nov 12;93(23):12845-50. [PubMed ]
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4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
5. Schmidt DR, Schreiber SL: Molecular association between ATR and two components of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylating complex, HDAC2 and CHD4. Biochemistry. 1999 Nov 2;38(44):14711-7. [PubMed ]
6. Rountree MR, Bachman KE, Baylin SB: DNMT1 binds HDAC2 and a new co-repressor, DMAP1, to form a complex at replication foci. Nat Genet. 2000 Jul;25(3):269-77. [PubMed ]
7. Ahringer J: NuRD and SIN3 histone deacetylase complexes in development. Trends Genet. 2000 Aug;16(8):351-6. [PubMed ]
8. Shi Y, Downes M, Xie W, Kao HY, Ordentlich P, Tsai CC, Hon M, Evans RM: Sharp, an inducible cofactor that integrates nuclear receptor repression and activation. Genes Dev. 2001 May 1;15(9):1140-51. [PubMed ]
9. Amann JM, Nip J, Strom DK, Lutterbach B, Harada H, Lenny N, Downing JR, Meyers S, Hiebert SW: ETO, a target of t(8;21) in acute leukemia, makes distinct contacts with multiple histone deacetylases and binds mSin3A through its oligomerization domain. Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Oct;21(19):6470-83. [PubMed ]
10. Fischer DD, Cai R, Bhatia U, Asselbergs FA, Song C, Terry R, Trogani N, Widmer R, Atadja P, Cohen D: Isolation and characterization of a novel class II histone deacetylase, HDAC10. J Biol Chem. 2002 Feb 22;277(8):6656-66. Epub 2001 Dec 5. [PubMed ]
11. Sun JM, Chen HY, Moniwa M, Litchfield DW, Seto E, Davie JR: The transcriptional repressor Sp3 is associated with CK2-phosphorylated histone deacetylase 2. J Biol Chem. 2002 Sep 27;277(39):35783-6. Epub 2002 Aug 9. [PubMed ]
12. Hollenbach AD, McPherson CJ, Mientjes EJ, Iyengar R, Grosveld G: Daxx and histone deacetylase II associate with chromatin through an interaction with core histones and the chromatin-associated protein Dek. J Cell Sci. 2002 Aug 15;115(Pt 16):3319-30. [PubMed ]
13. Wysocka J, Myers MP, Laherty CD, Eisenman RN, Herr W: Human Sin3 deacetylase and trithorax-related Set1/Ash2 histone H3-K4 methyltransferase are tethered together selectively by the cell-proliferation factor HCF-1. Genes Dev. 2003 Apr 1;17(7):896-911. [PubMed ]
14. Hakimi MA, Dong Y, Lane WS, Speicher DW, Shiekhattar R: A candidate X-linked mental retardation gene is a component of a new family of histone deacetylase-containing complexes. J Biol Chem. 2003 Feb 28;278(9):7234-9. Epub 2002 Dec 18. [PubMed ]
15. Fleischer TC, Yun UJ, Ayer DE: Identification and characterization of three new components of the mSin3A corepressor complex. Mol Cell Biol. 2003 May;23(10):3456-67. [PubMed ]
16. Choi YB, Ko JK, Shin J: The transcriptional corepressor, PELP1, recruits HDAC2 and masks histones using two separate domains. J Biol Chem. 2004 Dec 3;279(49):50930-41. Epub 2004 Sep 27. [PubMed ]
17. Castet A, Boulahtouf A, Versini G, Bonnet S, Augereau P, Vignon F, Khochbin S, Jalaguier S, Cavailles V: Multiple domains of the Receptor-Interacting Protein 140 contribute to transcription inhibition. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004 Apr 1;32(6):1957-66. Print 2004. [PubMed ]
18. Gray SG, Iglesias AH, Lizcano F, Villanueva R, Camelo S, Jingu H, Teh BT, Koibuchi N, Chin WW, Kokkotou E, Dangond F: Functional characterization of JMJD2A, a histone deacetylase- and retinoblastoma-binding protein. J Biol Chem. 2005 Aug 5;280(31):28507-18. Epub 2005 May 31. [PubMed ]
19. Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed ]
20. Viiri KM, Korkeamaki H, Kukkonen MK, Nieminen LK, Lindfors K, Peterson P, Maki M, Kainulainen H, Lohi O: SAP30L interacts with members of the Sin3A corepressor complex and targets Sin3A to the nucleolus. Nucleic Acids Res. 2006 Jul 4;34(11):3288-98. Print 2006. [PubMed ]
21. Nousiainen M, Sillje HH, Sauer G, Nigg EA, Korner R: Phosphoproteome analysis of the human mitotic spindle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Apr 4;103(14):5391-6. Epub 2006 Mar 24. [PubMed ]
22. Molina H, Horn DM, Tang N, Mathivanan S, Pandey A: Global proteomic profiling of phosphopeptides using electron transfer dissociation tandem mass spectrometry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Feb 13;104(7):2199-204. Epub 2007 Feb 7. [PubMed ]
23. Wang B, Malik R, Nigg EA, Korner R: Evaluation of the low-specificity protease elastase for large-scale phosphoproteome analysis. Anal Chem. 2008 Dec 15;80(24):9526-33. [PubMed ]
24. Daub H, Olsen JV, Bairlein M, Gnad F, Oppermann FS, Korner R, Greff Z, Keri G, Stemmann O, Mann M: Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle. Mol Cell. 2008 Aug 8;31(3):438-48. [PubMed ]
25. Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]
26. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
27. Oppermann FS, Gnad F, Olsen JV, Hornberger R, Greff Z, Keri G, Mann M, Daub H: Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2009 Jul;8(7):1751-64. Epub 2009 Apr 15. [PubMed ]
28. Kajiwara Y, Akram A, Katsel P, Haroutunian V, Schmeidler J, Beecham G, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA, Buxbaum JD: FE65 binds Teashirt, inhibiting expression of the primate-specific caspase-4. PLoS One. 2009;4(4):e5071. Epub 2009 Apr 3. [PubMed ]
29. Oh YM, Kwon YE, Kim JM, Bae SJ, Lee BK, Yoo SJ, Chung CH, Deshaies RJ, Seol JH: Chfr is linked to tumour metastasis through the downregulation of HDAC1. Nat Cell Biol. 2009 Mar;11(3):295-302. Epub 2009 Feb 1. [PubMed ]
30. Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed ]
31. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]

1. Ishihara K, Takahashi A, Kaneko M, Sugeno H, Hirasawa N, Hong J, Zee O, Ohuchi K: Differentiation of eosinophilic leukemia EoL-1 cells into eosinophils induced by histone deacetylase inhibitors. Life Sci. 2007 Mar 6;80(13):1213-20. Epub 2007 Jan 11. [PubMed ]

1. HD3
2. RPD3-2
3. SMAP45

MAKTVAYFYDPDVGNFHYGAGHPMKPHRLALTHSLVLHYGLYKKMIVFKPYQASQHDMCR
FHSEDYIDFLQRVSPTNMQGFTKSLNAFNVGDDCPVFPGLFEFCSRYTGASLQGATQLNN
KICDIAINWAGGLHHAKKFEASGFCYVNDIVIGILELLKYHPRVLYIDIDIHHGDGVQEA
FYLTDRVMTVSFHKYGNYFFPGTGDMYEVGAESGRYYCLNVPLRDGIDDQSYKHLFQPVI
NQVVDFYQPTCIVLQCGADSLGCDRLGCFNLSIRGHGECVEYVKSFNIPLLVLGGGGYTV
RNVARCWTYETSLLVEEAISEELPYSEYFEYFAPDFTLHPDVSTRIENQNSRQYLDQIRQ
TIFENLKMLNHAPSVQIHDVPADLLTYDRTDEADAEERGPEENYSRPEAPNEFYDGDHDN
DKESDVEI

• Hydrolysis of an N6-acetyl-lysine residue of a histone to yield a deacetylated histone

• Hist_deacetyl (PF00850 )

• None

• None

ATGGCCAAGACCGTGGCCTATTTCTACGACCCCGACGTGGGCAACTTCCACTACGGAGCT
GGACACCCTATGAAGCCCCATCGCCTGGCATTGACCCATAGCCTGGTCCTGCATTACGGT
CTCTATAAGAAGATGATCGTCTTCAAGCCATACCAGGCCTCCCAACATGACATGTGCCGC
TTCCACTCCGAGGACTACATTGACTTCCTGCAGAGAGTCAGCCCCACCAATATGCAAGGC
TTCACCAAGAGTCTTAATGCCTTCAACGTAGGCGATGACTGCCCAGTGTTTCCCGGGCTC
TTTGAGTTCTGCTCGCGTTACACAGGCGCATCTCTGCAAGGAGCAACCCAGCTGAACAAC
AAGATCTGTGATATTGCCATTAACTGGGCTGGTGGTCTGCACCATGCCAAGAAGTTTGAG
GCCTCTGGCTTCTGCTATGTCAACGACATTGTGATTGGCATCCTGGAGCTGCTCAAGTAC
CACCCTCGGGTGCTCTACATTGACATTGACATCCACCATGGTGACGGGGTTCAAGAAGCT
TTCTACCTCACTGACCGGGTCATGACGGTGTCCTTCCACAAATACGGAAATTACTTCTTC
CCTGGCACAGGTGACATGTATGAAGTCGGGGCAGAGAGTGGCCGCTACTACTGTCTGAAC
GTGCCCCTGCGGGATGGCATTGATGACCAGAGTTACAAGCACCTTTTCCAGCCGGTTATC
AACCAGGTAGTGGACTTCTACCAACCCACGTGCATTGTGCTCCAGTGTGGAGCTGACTCT
CTGGGCTGTGATCGATTGGGCTGCTTTAACCTCAGCATCCGAGGGCATGGGGAATGCGTT
GAATATGTCAAGAGCTTCAATATCCCTCTACTCGTGCTGGGTGGTGGTGGTTATACTGTC
CGAAATGTTGCCCGCTGCTGGACATATGAGACATCGCTGCTGGTAGAAGAGGCCATTAGT
GAGGAGCTTCCCTATAGTGAATACTTCGAGTACTTTGCCCCAGACTTCACACTTCATCCA
GATGTCAGCACCCGCATCGAGAATCAGAACTCACGCCAGTATCTGGACCAGATCCTCCAG
ACAATCTTTGAAAACCTGAAGATGCTGAACCATGCACCTAGTGTCCAGATTCATGACGTG
CCTGCAGACCTCCTGACCTATGACAGGACTGATGAGGCTGATGCAGAGGAGAGGGGTCCT
GAGGAGAACTATAGCAGGCCAGAGGCACCCAATGAGTTCTATGATGGAGACCATGACAAT
GACAAGGAAAGCGATGTGGAGATTTAA

1. Dangond F, Hafler DA, Tong JK, Randall J, Kojima R, Utku N, Gullans SR: Differential display cloning of a novel human histone deacetylase (HDAC3) cDNA from PHA-activated immune cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Jan 26;242(3):648-52. [PubMed ]
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4. Mahlknecht U, Emiliani S, Najfeld V, Young S, Verdin E: Genomic organization and chromosomal localization of the human histone deacetylase 3 gene. Genomics. 1999 Mar 1;56(2):197-202. [PubMed ]
5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
6. Wei LN, Hu X, Chandra D, Seto E, Farooqui M: Receptor-interacting protein 140 directly recruits histone deacetylases for gene silencing. J Biol Chem. 2000 Dec 29;275(52):40782-7. [PubMed ]
7. Li H, Leo C, Zhu J, Wu X, O'Neil J, Park EJ, Chen JD: Sequestration and inhibition of Daxx-mediated transcriptional repression by PML. Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Mar;20(5):1784-96. [PubMed ]
8. Zhou X, Richon VM, Rifkind RA, Marks PA: Identification of a transcriptional repressor related to the noncatalytic domain of histone deacetylases 4 and 5. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Feb 1;97(3):1056-61. [PubMed ]
9. Wen YD, Perissi V, Staszewski LM, Yang WM, Krones A, Glass CK, Rosenfeld MG, Seto E: The histone deacetylase-3 complex contains nuclear receptor corepressors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jun 20;97(13):7202-7. [PubMed ]
10. Fischle W, Dequiedt F, Fillion M, Hendzel MJ, Voelter W, Verdin E: Human HDAC7 histone deacetylase activity is associated with HDAC3 in vivo. J Biol Chem. 2001 Sep 21;276(38):35826-35. Epub 2001 Jul 20. [PubMed ]
11. Amann JM, Nip J, Strom DK, Lutterbach B, Harada H, Lenny N, Downing JR, Meyers S, Hiebert SW: ETO, a target of t(8;21) in acute leukemia, makes distinct contacts with multiple histone deacetylases and binds mSin3A through its oligomerization domain. Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Oct;21(19):6470-83. [PubMed ]
12. Tong JJ, Liu J, Bertos NR, Yang XJ: Identification of HDAC10, a novel class II human histone deacetylase containing a leucine-rich domain. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Mar 1;30(5):1114-23. [PubMed ]
13. Kirsh O, Seeler JS, Pichler A, Gast A, Muller S, Miska E, Mathieu M, Harel-Bellan A, Kouzarides T, Melchior F, Dejean A: The SUMO E3 ligase RanBP2 promotes modification of the HDAC4 deacetylase. EMBO J. 2002 Jun 3;21(11):2682-91. [PubMed ]
14. Guenther MG, Lane WS, Fischle W, Verdin E, Lazar MA, Shiekhattar R: A core SMRT corepressor complex containing HDAC3 and TBL1, a WD40-repeat protein linked to deafness. Genes Dev. 2000 May 1;14(9):1048-57. [PubMed ]
15. Li J, Wang J, Wang J, Nawaz Z, Liu JM, Qin J, Wong J: Both corepressor proteins SMRT and N-CoR exist in large protein complexes containing HDAC3. EMBO J. 2000 Aug 15;19(16):4342-50. [PubMed ]
16. Huynh KD, Fischle W, Verdin E, Bardwell VJ: BCoR, a novel corepressor involved in BCL-6 repression. Genes Dev. 2000 Jul 15;14(14):1810-23. [PubMed ]
17. Zhang J, Kalkum M, Chait BT, Roeder RG: The N-CoR-HDAC3 nuclear receptor corepressor complex inhibits the JNK pathway through the integral subunit GPS2. Mol Cell. 2002 Mar;9(3):611-23. [PubMed ]
18. Yoon HG, Chan DW, Huang ZQ, Li J, Fondell JD, Qin J, Wong J: Purification and functional characterization of the human N-CoR complex: the roles of HDAC3, TBL1 and TBLR1. EMBO J. 2003 Mar 17;22(6):1336-46. [PubMed ]
19. Wu K, Yang Y, Wang C, Davoli MA, D'Amico M, Li A, Cveklova K, Kozmik Z, Lisanti MP, Russell RG, Cvekl A, Pestell RG: DACH1 inhibits transforming growth factor-beta signaling through binding Smad4. J Biol Chem. 2003 Dec 19;278(51):51673-84. Epub 2003 Oct 2. [PubMed ]
20. Thevenet L, Mejean C, Moniot B, Bonneaud N, Galeotti N, Aldrian-Herrada G, Poulat F, Berta P, Benkirane M, Boizet-Bonhoure B: Regulation of human SRY subcellular distribution by its acetylation/deacetylation. EMBO J. 2004 Aug 18;23(16):3336-45. Epub 2004 Aug 5. [PubMed ]
21. Gray SG, Iglesias AH, Lizcano F, Villanueva R, Camelo S, Jingu H, Teh BT, Koibuchi N, Chin WW, Kokkotou E, Dangond F: Functional characterization of JMJD2A, a histone deacetylase- and retinoblastoma-binding protein. J Biol Chem. 2005 Aug 5;280(31):28507-18. Epub 2005 May 31. [PubMed ]
22. Tan F, Lu L, Cai Y, Wang J, Xie Y, Wang L, Gong Y, Xu BE, Wu J, Luo Y, Qiang B, Yuan J, Sun X, Peng X: Proteomic analysis of ubiquitinated proteins in normal hepatocyte cell line Chang liver cells. Proteomics. 2008 Jul;8(14):2885-96. [PubMed ]
23. Pajerowski AG, Nguyen C, Aghajanian H, Shapiro MJ, Shapiro VS: NKAP is a transcriptional repressor of notch signaling and is required for T cell development. Immunity. 2009 May;30(5):696-707. Epub 2009 Apr 30. [PubMed ]
24. Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed ]

1. Ishihara K, Takahashi A, Kaneko M, Sugeno H, Hirasawa N, Hong J, Zee O, Ohuchi K: Differentiation of eosinophilic leukemia EoL-1 cells into eosinophils induced by histone deacetylase inhibitors. Life Sci. 2007 Mar 6;80(13):1213-20. Epub 2007 Jan 11. [PubMed ]

1. HD5
2. Antigen NY-CO-9

MNSPNESDGMSGREPSLEILPRTSLHSIPVTVEVKPVLPRAMPSSMGGGGGGSPSPVELR
GALVGSVDPTLREQQLQQELLALKQQQQLQKQLLFAEFQKQHDHLTRQHEVQLQKHLKQQ
QEMLAAKQQQEMLAAKRQQELEQQRQREQQRQEELEKQRLEQQLLILRNKEKSKESAIAS
TEVKLRLQEFLLSKSKEPTPGGLNHSLPQHPKCWGAHHASLDQSSPPQSGPPGTPPSYKL
PLPGPYDSRDDFPLRKTASEPNLKVRSRLKQKVAERRSSPLLRRKDGTVISTFKKRAVEI
TGAGPGASSVCNSAPGSGPSSPNSSHSTIAENGFTGSVPNIPTEMLPQHRALPLDSSPNQ
FSLYTSPSLPNISLGLQATVTVTNSHLTASPKLSTQQEAERQALQSLRQGGTLTGKFMST
SSIPGCLLGVALEGDGSPHGHASLLQHVLLLEQARQQSTLIAVPLHGQSPLVTGERVATS
MRTVGKLPRHRPLSRTQSSPLPQSPQALQQLVMQQQHQQFLEKQKQQQLQLGKILTKTGE
LPRQPTTHPEETEEELTEQQEVLLGEGALTMPREGSTESESTQEDLEEEDEEDDGEEEED
CIQVKDEEGESGAEEGPDLEEPGAGYKKLFSDAQPLQPLQVYQAPLSLATVPHQALGRTQ
SSPAAPGGMKSPPDQPVKHLFTTGVVYDTFMLKHQCMCGNTHVHPEHAGRIQSIWSRLQE
TGLLSKCERIRGRKATLDEIQTVHSEYHTLLYGTSPLNRQKLDSKKLLGPISQKMYAVLP
CGGIGVDSDTVWNEMHSSSAVRMAVGCLLELAFKVAAGELKNGFAIIRPPGHHAEESTAM
GFCFFNSVAITAKLLQQKLNVGKVLIVDWDIHHGNGTQQAFYNDPSVLYISLHRYDNGNF
FPGSGAPEEVGGGPGVGYNVNVAWTGGVDPPIGDVEYLTAFRTVVMPIAHEFSPDVVLVS
AGFDAVEGHLSPLGGYSVTARCFGHLTRQLMTLAGGRVVLALEGGHDLTAICDASEACVS
ALLSVELQPLDEAVLQQKPNINAVATLEKVIEIQSKHWSCVQKFAAGLGRSLREAQAGET
EEAETVSAMALLSVGAEQAQAAAAREHSPRPAEEPMEQEPAL

• Hydrolysis of an N6-acetyl-lysine residue of a histone to yield a deacetylated histone

• Hist_deacetyl (PF00850 )

• None

• None

ATGAACTCTCCCAACGAGTCGGATGGGATGTCAGGTCGGGAACCATCCTTGGAAATCCTG
CCGCGGACTTCTCTGCACAGCATCCCTGTGACAGTGGAGGTGAAGCCGGTGCTGCCAAGA
GCCATGCCCAGTTCCATGGGGGGTGGGGGTGGAGGCAGCCCCAGCCCTGTGGAGCTACGG
GGGGCTCTGGTGGGCTCTGTGGACCCCACACTGCGGGAGCAGCAACTGCAGCAGGAGCTC
CTGGCGCTCAAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCTGCAGAAGCAGCTCCTGTTCGCTGAGTTCCAGAAA
CAGCATGACCACCTGACAAGGCAGCATGAGGTCCAGCTGCAGAAGCACCTCAAGCAGCAG
CAGGAGATGCTGGCAGCCAAGCAGCAGCAGGAGATGCTGGCAGCCAAGCGGCAGCAGGAG
CTGGAGCAGCAGCGGCAGCGGGAGCAGCAGCGGCAGGAAGAGCTGGAGAAGCAGCGGCTG
GAGCAGCAGCTGCTCATCCTGCGGAACAAGGAGAAGAGCAAAGAGAGTGCCATTGCCAGC
ACTGAGGTAAAGCTGAGGCTCCAGGAATTCCTCTTGTCGAAGTCAAAGGAGCCCACACCA
GGCGGCCTCAACCATTCCCTCCCACAGCACCCCAAATGCTGGGGAGCCCACCATGCTTCT
TTGGACCAGAGTTCCCCTCCCCAGAGCGGCCCCCCTGGGACGCCTCCCTCCTACAAACTG
CCTTTGCCTGGGCCCTACGACAGTCGAGACGACTTCCCCCTCCGCAAAACAGCCTCTGAA
CCCAACTTGAAAGTGCGTTCAAGGCTAAAACAGAAGGTGGCTGAGCGGAGAAGCAGTCCC
CTCCTGCGTCGCAAGGATGGGACTGTTATTAGCACCTTTAAGAAGAGAGCTGTTGAGATC
ACAGGTGCCGGGCCTGGGGCGTCGTCCGTGTGTAACAGCGCACCCGGCTCCGGCCCCAGC
TCTCCCAACAGCTCCCACAGCACCATCGCTGAGAATGGCTTTACTGGCTCAGTCCCCAAC
ATCCCCACTGAGATGCTCCCTCAGCACCGAGCCCTCCCTCTGGACAGCTCCCCCAACCAG
TTCAGCCTCTACACGTCTCCTTCTCTGCCCAACATCTCCCTAGGGCTGCAGGCCACGGTC
ACTGTCACCAACTCACACCTCACTGCCTCCCCGAAGCTGTCGACACAGCAGGAGGCCGAG
AGGCAGGCCCTCCAGTCCCTGCGGCAGGGTGGCACGCTGACCGGCAAGTTCATGAGCACA
TCCTCTATTCCTGGCTGCCTGCTGGGCGTGGCACTGGAGGGCGACGGGAGCCCCCACGGG
CATGCCTCCCTGCTGCAGCATGTGCTGTTGCTGGAGCAGGCCCGGCAGCAGAGCACCCTC
ATTGCTGTGCCACTCCACGGGCAGTCCCCACTAGTGACGGGTGAACGTGTGGCCACCAGC
ATGCGGACGGTAGGCAAGCTCCCGCGGCATCGGCCCCTGAGCCGCACTCAGTCCTCACCG
CTGCCGCAGAGTCCCCAGGCCCTGCAGCAGCTGGTCATGCAACAACAGCACCAGCAGTTC
CTGGAGAAGCAGAAGCAGCAGCAGCTACAGCTGGGCAAGATCCTCACCAAGACAGGGGAG
CTGCCCAGGCAGCCCACCACCCACCCTGAGGAGACAGAGGAGGAGCTGACGGAGCAGCAG
GAGGTCTTGCTGGGGGAGGGAGCCCTGACCATGCCCCGGGAGGGCTCCACAGAGAGTGAG
AGCACACAGGAAGACCTGGAGGAGGAGGACGAGGAAGACGATGGGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAT
TGCATCCAGGTTAAGGACGAGGAGGGCGAGAGTGGTGCTGAGGAGGGGCCCGACTTGGAG
GAGCCTGGTGCTGGATACAAAAAACTGTTCTCAGATGCCCAGCCGCTGCAGCCTTTGCAG
GTGTACCAGGCGCCCCTCAGCCTGGCCACTGTGCCCCACCAGGCCCTGGGCCGTACCCAG
TCCTCCCCTGCTGCCCCTGGGGGCATGAAGAGCCCCCCAGACCAGCCCGTCAAGCACCTC
TTCACCACAGGTGTGGTCTACGACACGTTCATGCTAAAGCACCAGTGCATGTGCGGGAAC
ACACACGTGCACCCTGAGCATGCTGGCCGGATCCAGAGCATCTGGTCCCGGCTGCAGGAG
ACAGGCCTGCTTAGCAAGTGCGAGCGGATCCGAGGTCGCAAAGCCACGCTAGATGAGATC
CAGACAGTGCACTCTGAATACCACACCCTGCTCTATGGGACCAGTCCCCTCAACCGGCAG
AAGCTAGACAGCAAGAAGTTGCTCGGCCCCATCAGCCAGAAGATGTATGCTGTGCTGCCT
TGTGGGGGCATCGGGGTGGACAGTGACACCGTGTGGAATGAGATGCACTCCTCCAGTGCT
GTGCGCATGGCAGTGGGCTGCCTGCTGGAGCTGGCCTTCAAGGTGGCTGCAGGAGAGCTC
AAGAATGGATTTGCCATCATCCGGCCCCCAGGACACCACGCCGAGGAATCCACAGCCATG
GGATTCTGCTTCTTCAACTCTGTAGCCATCACCGCAAAACTCCTACAGCAGAAGTTGAAC
GTGGGCAAGGTCCTCATCGTGGACTGGGACATTCACCATGGCAATGGCACCCAGCAGGCG
TTCTACAATGACCCCTCTGTGCTCTACATCTCTCTGCATCGCTATGACAACGGGAACTTC
TTTCCAGGCTCTGGGGCTCCTGAAGAGGTTGGTGGAGGACCAGGCGTGGGGTACAATGTG
AACGTGGCATGGACAGGAGGTGTGGACCCCCCCATTGGAGACGTGGAGTACCTTACAGCC
TTCAGGACAGTGGTGATGCCCATTGCCCACGAGTTCTCACCTGATGTGGTCCTAGTCTCC
GCCGGGTTTGATGCTGTTGAAGGACATCTGTCTCCTCTGGGTGGCTACTCTGTCACCGCC
AGATGTTTTGGCCACTTGACCAGGCAGCTGATGACCCTGGCAGGGGGCCGGGTGGTGCTG
GCCCTGGAGGGAGGCCATGACTTGACCGCCATCTGTGATGCCTCTGAGGCTTGTGTCTCG
GCTCTGCTCAGTGTAGAGCTGCAGCCCTTGGATGAGGCAGTCTTGCAGCAAAAGCCCAAC
ATCAACGCAGTGGCCACGCTAGAGAAAGTCATCGAGATCCAGAGCAAACACTGGAGCTGT
GTGCAGAAGTTCGCCGCTGGTCTGGGCCGGTCCCTGCGAGAGGCCCAAGCAGGTGAGACC
GAGGAGGCCGAGACTGTGAGCGCCATGGCCTTGCTGTCGGTGGGGGCCGAGCAGGCCCAG
GCTGCGGCAGCCCGGGAACACAGCCCCAGGCCGGCAGAGGAGCCCATGGAGCAGGAGCCT
GCCCTGTGA

1. Grozinger CM, Hassig CA, Schreiber SL: Three proteins define a class of human histone deacetylases related to yeast Hda1p. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Apr 27;96(9):4868-73. [PubMed ]
2. Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. IX. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro. DNA Res. 1998 Feb 28;5(1):31-9. [PubMed ]
3. Nakajima D, Okazaki N, Yamakawa H, Kikuno R, Ohara O, Nagase T: Construction of expression-ready cDNA clones for KIAA genes: manual curation of 330 KIAA cDNA clones. DNA Res. 2002 Jun 30;9(3):99-106. [PubMed ]
4. Zody MC, Garber M, Adams DJ, Sharpe T, Harrow J, Lupski JR, Nicholson C, Searle SM, Wilming L, Young SK, Abouelleil A, Allen NR, Bi W, Bloom T, Borowsky ML, Bugalter BE, Butler J, Chang JL, Chen CK, Cook A, Corum B, Cuomo CA, de Jong PJ, DeCaprio D, Dewar K, FitzGerald M, Gilbert J, Gibson R, Gnerre S, Goldstein S, Grafham DV, Grocock R, Hafez N, Hagopian DS, Hart E, Norman CH, Humphray S, Jaffe DB, Jones M, Kamal M, Khodiyar VK, LaButti K, Laird G, Lehoczky J, Liu X, Lokyitsang T, Loveland J, Lui A, Macdonald P, Major JE, Matthews L, Mauceli E, McCarroll SA, Mihalev AH, Mudge J, Nguyen C, Nicol R, O'Leary SB, Osoegawa K, Schwartz DC, Shaw-Smith C, Stankiewicz P, Steward C, Swarbreck D, Venkataraman V, Whittaker CA, Yang X, Zimmer AR, Bradley A, Hubbard T, Birren BW, Rogers J, Lander ES, Nusbaum C: DNA sequence of human chromosome 17 and analysis of rearrangement in the human lineage. Nature. 2006 Apr 20;440(7087):1045-9. [PubMed ]
5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
6. Scanlan MJ, Chen YT, Williamson B, Gure AO, Stockert E, Gordan JD, Tureci O, Sahin U, Pfreundschuh M, Old LJ: Characterization of human colon cancer antigens recognized by autologous antibodies. Int J Cancer. 1998 May 29;76(5):652-8. [PubMed ]
7. Mahlknecht U, Schnittger S, Ottmann OG, Schoch C, Mosebach M, Hiddemann W, Hoelzer D: Chromosomal organization and localization of the human histone deacetylase 5 gene (HDAC5). Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Oct 2;1493(3):342-8. [PubMed ]
8. Huynh KD, Fischle W, Verdin E, Bardwell VJ: BCoR, a novel corepressor involved in BCL-6 repression. Genes Dev. 2000 Jul 15;14(14):1810-23. [PubMed ]
9. McKinsey TA, Zhang CL, Lu J, Olson EN: Signal-dependent nuclear export of a histone deacetylase regulates muscle differentiation. Nature. 2000 Nov 2;408(6808):106-11. [PubMed ]
10. McKinsey TA, Zhang CL, Olson EN: Activation of the myocyte enhancer factor-2 transcription factor by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-stimulated binding of 14-3-3 to histone deacetylase 5. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Dec 19;97(26):14400-5. [PubMed ]
11. McKinsey TA, Zhang CL, Olson EN: Identification of a signal-responsive nuclear export sequence in class II histone deacetylases. Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Sep;21(18):6312-21. [PubMed ]
12. Hook SS, Orian A, Cowley SM, Eisenman RN: Histone deacetylase 6 binds polyubiquitin through its zinc finger (PAZ domain) and copurifies with deubiquitinating enzymes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Oct 15;99(21):13425-30. Epub 2002 Sep 27. [PubMed ]
13. Barrett A, Santangelo S, Tan K, Catchpole S, Roberts K, Spencer-Dene B, Hall D, Scibetta A, Burchell J, Verdin E, Freemont P, Taylor-Papadimitriou J: Breast cancer associated transcriptional repressor PLU-1/JARID1B interacts directly with histone deacetylases. Int J Cancer. 2007 Jul 15;121(2):265-75. [PubMed ]
14. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
15. Bierne H, Tham TN, Batsche E, Dumay A, Leguillou M, Kerneis-Golsteyn S, Regnault B, Seeler JS, Muchardt C, Feunteun J, Cossart P: Human BAHD1 promotes heterochromatic gene silencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Aug 18;106(33):13826-31. Epub 2009 Aug 3. [PubMed ]
16. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
17. Harrison BC, Huynh K, Lundgaard GL, Helmke SM, Perryman MB, McKinsey TA: Protein kinase C-related kinase targets nuclear localization signals in a subset of class IIa histone deacetylases. FEBS Lett. 2010 Mar 19;584(6):1103-10. Epub 2010 Feb 24. [PubMed ]

1. Ishihara K, Takahashi A, Kaneko M, Sugeno H, Hirasawa N, Hong J, Zee O, Ohuchi K: Differentiation of eosinophilic leukemia EoL-1 cells into eosinophils induced by histone deacetylase inhibitors. Life Sci. 2007 Mar 6;80(13):1213-20. Epub 2007 Jan 11. [PubMed ]

MKIFFRYQTFRFIWLTKPPGRRLHKDHQLWTPLTLADFEAINRCNRPLPKNFNFAADVLD
QWSQKEKTGERPANPALWWVNGKGDEVKWSFRELGSLSRKAANVLTKPCGLQRGDRLAVI
LPRIPEWWLVNVACIRTGIIFMPGTIQLTAKDILYRLRASKAKCIVASEEVAPAVESIVL
ECPDLKTKLLVSPQSWNGWLSFQELFQFASEEHSCVETGSQEPMTIYFTSGTTGFPKMAQ
HSQSSLGIGFTLCGRYWLDLKSSDIIWNMSDTGWVKAAIGSVFSSWLCGACVFVHRMAQF
DTDTFLDTLTTYPITTLCSPPTVYRMLVQKDLKRYKFKSLRHCLTGGEPLNPEVLEQWRV
QTGLELYEGYGQTEVGMICANQKGQEIKPGSMGKGMLPYDVQIIDENGNVLPPGKEGEIA
LRLKPTRPFCFFSKYVDNPQKTAATIRGDFYVTGDRGVMDSDGYFWFVGRADDVIISSGY
RIGPFEVESALIEHPAVVESAVVSSPDQIRGEVVKAFVVLAAPFKSYNPEKLTLELQDHV
KKSTAPYKYPRKVEFVQELPKTITGKIKRNVLRDQEWRGR

• ATP + an acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA [RN:R00389]

• AMP-binding (PF00501 )

• None

• None

ATGAAGATTTTTTTCCGCTACCAGACATTTAGATTCATCTGGCTCACCAAGCCACCTGGC
CGGCGCTTACACAAAGATCACCAGCTTTGGACGCCTCTGACTCTTGCTGACTTTGAAGCC
ATAAATCGCTGTAACAGGCCATTGCCTAAAAACTTTAACTTTGCTGCAGATGTGCTGGAC
CAGTGGTCCCAAAAGGAGAAGACAGGGGAGAGACCAGCTAACCCAGCCCTGTGGTGGGTG
AATGGCAAAGGGGATGAGGTAAAATGGAGCTTCAGAGAACTGGGCTCCTTGTCCCGAAAA
GCTGCCAACGTGCTCACCAAGCCCTGTGGCCTGCAGAGAGGAGACCGTTTGGCCGTGATT
CTGCCCAGAATCCCTGAGTGGTGGCTGGTCAATGTAGCTTGCATACGAACAGGGATCATC
TTCATGCCGGGAACAATCCAGCTGACAGCAAAAGACATCCTCTACCGGCTGCGAGCATCC
AAGGCCAAGTGCATTGTGGCCAGTGAGGAGGTGGCCCCAGCGGTGGAGTCCATTGTATTG
GAGTGTCCTGACCTTAAGACAAAACTCCTGGTGTCTCCACAAAGCTGGAATGGGTGGCTC
AGCTTCCAGGAGTTATTTCAATTCGCCTCTGAAGAGCACAGCTGTGTGGAAACAGGAAGT
CAAGAACCAATGACCATTTATTTCACCAGTGGGACCACAGGCTTTCCTAAAATGGCCCAG
CACTCTCAGAGCAGCCTCGGCATTGGGTTCACCCTCTGCGGAAGGTATTGGCTGGACTTG
AAGTCCTCAGATATCATATGGAATATGTCTGACACGGGCTGGGTCAAGGCCGCCATTGGC
AGTGTGTTTTCTTCCTGGCTGTGTGGAGCCTGTGTTTTTGTGCATCGAATGGCACAGTTT
GACACTGACACCTTCCTAGACACACTTACTACTTATCCCATCACGACCCTGTGCAGTCCT
CCCACTGTGTACCGGATGCTCGTGCAAAAAGACCTTAAGAGATATAAATTCAAGAGTCTG
CGGCACTGCTTGACCGGAGGGGAGCCACTCAACCCAGAAGTGCTGGAGCAGTGGAGGGTG
CAAACTGGGCTGGAGCTATATGAGGGCTATGGACAGACGGAAGTGGGAATGATTTGTGCC
AATCAGAAAGGCCAAGAAATTAAACCAGGTTCAATGGGGAAAGGAATGCTGCCCTATGAT
GTCCAGATTATAGATGAAAATGGCAATGTTCTACCACCTGGCAAAGAAGGGGAAATTGCC
CTCAGACTCAAACCTACACGGCCCTTCTGTTTCTTCTCTAAATATGTGGACAATCCACAG
AAAACTGCTGCCACGATAAGAGGAGATTTTTATGTCACTGGAGACAGAGGAGTGATGGAC
AGTGATGGGTATTTCTGGTTTGTCGGCAGAGCTGATGATGTCATTATATCCTCTGGGTAC
CGTATTGGGCCATTTGAAGTGGAGAGTGCACTCATTGAGCATCCAGCAGTTGTTGAATCG
GCTGTTGTCAGTAGTCCAGATCAAATCCGCGGAGAGGTGGTGAAAGCTTTTGTTGTCTTA
GCTGCACCCTTTAAGTCCTACAACCCAGAGAAATTAACTCTTGAACTTCAGGATCATGTG
AAAAAATCAACTGCACCTTACAAATATCCAAGAAAGGTGGAATTTGTTCAAGAACTCCCA
AAGACAATCACTGGGAAAATCAAACGCAACGTTTTAAGAGACCAAGAATGGAGAGGAAGA
TAG

1. Scherer SE, Muzny DM, Buhay CJ, Chen R, Cree A, Ding Y, Dugan-Rocha S, Gill R, Gunaratne P, Harris RA, Hawes AC, Hernandez J, Hodgson AV, Hume J, Jackson A, Khan ZM, Kovar-Smith C, Lewis LR, Lozado RJ, Metzker ML, Milosavljevic A, Miner GR, Montgomery KT, Morgan MB, Nazareth LV, Scott G, Sodergren E, Song XZ, Steffen D, Lovering RC, Wheeler DA, Worley KC, Yuan Y, Zhang Z, Adams CQ, Ansari-Lari MA, Ayele M, Brown MJ, Chen G, Chen Z, Clerc-Blankenburg KP, Davis C, Delgado O, Dinh HH, Draper H, Gonzalez-Garay ML, Havlak P, Jackson LR, Jacob LS, Kelly SH, Li L, Li Z, Liu J, Liu W, Lu J, Maheshwari M, Nguyen BV, Okwuonu GO, Pasternak S, Perez LM, Plopper FJ, Santibanez J, Shen H, Tabor PE, Verduzco D, Waldron L, Wang Q, Williams GA, Zhang J, Zhou J, Allen CC, Amin AG, Anyalebechi V, Bailey M, Barbaria JA, Bimage KE, Bryant NP, Burch PE, Burkett CE, Burrell KL, Calderon E, Cardenas V, Carter K, Casias K, Cavazos I, Cavazos SR, Ceasar H, Chacko J, Chan SN, Chavez D, Christopoulos C, Chu J, Cockrell R, Cox CD, Dang M, Dathorne SR, David R, Davis CM, Davy-Carroll L, Deshazo DR, Donlin JE, D'Souza L, Eaves KA, Egan A, Emery-Cohen AJ, Escotto M, Flagg N, Forbes LD, Gabisi AM, Garza M, Hamilton C, Henderson N, Hernandez O, Hines S, Hogues ME, Huang M, Idlebird DG, Johnson R, Jolivet A, Jones S, Kagan R, King LM, Leal B, Lebow H, Lee S, LeVan JM, Lewis LC, London P, Lorensuhewa LM, Loulseged H, Lovett DA, Lucier A, Lucier RL, Ma J, Madu RC, Mapua P, Martindale AD, Martinez E, Massey E, Mawhiney S, Meador MG, Mendez S, Mercado C, Mercado IC, Merritt CE, Miner ZL, Minja E, Mitchell T, Mohabbat F, Mohabbat K, Montgomery B, Moore N, Morris S, Munidasa M, Ngo RN, Nguyen NB, Nickerson E, Nwaokelemeh OO, Nwokenkwo S, Obregon M, Oguh M, Oragunye N, Oviedo RJ, Parish BJ, Parker DN, Parrish J, Parks KL, Paul HA, Payton BA, Perez A, Perrin W, Pickens A, Primus EL, Pu LL, Puazo M, Quiles MM, Quiroz JB, Rabata D, Reeves K, Ruiz SJ, Shao H, Sisson I, Sonaike T, Sorelle RP, Sutton AE, Svatek AF, Svetz LA, Tamerisa KS, Taylor TR, Teague B, Thomas N, Thorn RD, Trejos ZY, Trevino BK, Ukegbu ON, Urban JB, Vasquez LI, Vera VA, Villasana DM, Wang L, Ward-Moore S, Warren JT, Wei X, White F, Williamson AL, Wleczyk R, Wooden HS, Wooden SH, Yen J, Yoon L, Yoon V, Zorrilla SE, Nelson D, Kucherlapati R, Weinstock G, Gibbs RA: The finished DNA sequence of human chromosome 12. Nature. 2006 Mar 16;440(7082):346-51. [PubMed ]
2. Watkins PA, Maiguel D, Jia Z, Pevsner J: Evidence for 26 distinct acyl-coenzyme A synthetase genes in the human genome. J Lipid Res. 2007 Dec;48(12):2736-50. Epub 2007 Aug 30. [PubMed ]
3. Oppermann FS, Gnad F, Olsen JV, Hornberger R, Greff Z, Keri G, Mann M, Daub H: Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2009 Jul;8(7):1751-64. Epub 2009 Apr 15. [PubMed ]