Showing metabocard for Butyric acid (HMDB00039)

General function:

Involved in carboxylesterase activity

Specific function:

Esterase with broad substrate specificity. Contributes to the inactivation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Can degrade neurotoxic organophosphate esters.

Gene Name:

BCHE

Uniprot ID:

P06276

Molecular weight:

68417.575

General function:

Involved in tumor necrosis factor receptor binding

Specific function:

Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation

Gene Name:

TNF

Uniprot ID:

P01375

Molecular weight:

25644.1

References

1. Fukae J, Amasaki Y, Yamashita Y, Bohgaki T, Yasuda S, Jodo S, Atsumi T, Koike T: Butyrate suppresses tumor necrosis factor alpha production by regulating specific messenger RNA degradation mediated through a cis-acting AU-rich element. Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Sep;52(9):2697-707. [PubMed:16142751 ]

General function:

Involved in DNA binding

Specific function:

Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA oxidase and activates its transcription. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis

Gene Name:

PPARG

Uniprot ID:

P37231

Molecular weight:

57619.6

References

1. Schwab M, Reynders V, Ulrich S, Zahn N, Stein J, Schroder O: PPARgamma is a key target of butyrate-induced caspase-3 activation in the colorectal cancer cell line Caco-2. Apoptosis. 2006 Oct;11(10):1801-11. [PubMed:16927016 ]

General function:

Involved in histone deacetylase activity

Specific function:

Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. Involved in muscle maturation via its interaction with the myocyte enhancer factors such as MEF2A, MEF2C and MEF2D

Gene Name:

HDAC4

Uniprot ID:

P56524

Molecular weight:

119038.9

References

1. Ishihara K, Takahashi A, Kaneko M, Sugeno H, Hirasawa N, Hong J, Zee O, Ohuchi K: Differentiation of eosinophilic leukemia EoL-1 cells into eosinophils induced by histone deacetylase inhibitors. Life Sci. 2007 Mar 6;80(13):1213-20. Epub 2007 Jan 11. [PubMed:17258775 ]

General function:

Involved in histone deacetylase activity

Specific function:

Isoform 3 lacks active site residues and therefore is catalytically inactive. Represses MEF2-dependent transcription by recruiting HDAC1 and/or HDAC3. Seems to inhibit skeletal myogenesis and to be involved in heart development. Protects neurons from apoptosis, both by inhibiting JUN phosphorylation by MAPK10 and by repressing JUN transcription via HDAC1 recruitment to JUN promoter

Gene Name:

HDAC9

Uniprot ID:

Q9UKV0

Molecular weight:

111296.3

References

1. Ishihara K, Takahashi A, Kaneko M, Sugeno H, Hirasawa N, Hong J, Zee O, Ohuchi K: Differentiation of eosinophilic leukemia EoL-1 cells into eosinophils induced by histone deacetylase inhibitors. Life Sci. 2007 Mar 6;80(13):1213-20. Epub 2007 Jan 11. [PubMed:17258775 ]

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Has medium-chain fatty acid:CoA ligase activity with broad substrate specificity (in vitro). Acts on acids from C(4) to C(11) and on the corresponding 3-hydroxy- and 2,3- or 3,4-unsaturated acids (in vitro). Functions as GTP-dependent lipoate-activating enzyme that generates the substrate for lipoyltransferase (By similarity).

Gene Name:

ACSM1

Uniprot ID:

Q08AH1

Molecular weight:

65272.74

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

ACSM6

Uniprot ID:

Q6P461

Molecular weight:

53584.545

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Has medium-chain fatty acid:CoA ligase activity with broad substrate specificity (in vitro). Acts on acids from C(4) to C(11) and on the corresponding 3-hydroxy- and 2,3- or 3,4-unsaturated acids (in vitro) (By similarity).

Gene Name:

ACSM2A

Uniprot ID:

Q08AH3

Molecular weight:

64223.7

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Has medium-chain fatty acid:CoA ligase activity with broad substrate specificity (in vitro). Acts on acids from C(4) to C(11) and on the corresponding 3-hydroxy- and 2,3- or 3,4-unsaturated acids (in vitro).

Gene Name:

ACSM2B

Uniprot ID:

Q68CK6

Molecular weight:

64270.78

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Has medium-chain fatty acid:CoA ligase activity with broad substrate specificity (in vitro). Acts on acids from C(4) to C(11) and on the corresponding 3-hydroxy- and 2,3- or 3,4-unsaturated acids (in vitro) (By similarity).

Gene Name:

ACSM3

Uniprot ID:

Q53FZ2

Molecular weight:

66152.235

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Has medium-chain fatty acid:CoA ligase activity with broad substrate specificity (in vitro). Acts on acids from C(4) to C(11) and on the corresponding 3-hydroxy- and 2,3- or 3,4-unsaturated acids (in vitro) (By similarity).

Gene Name:

ACSM5

Uniprot ID:

Q6NUN0

Molecular weight:

64759.55

Reactions

General function:

Involved in histone deacetylase activity

Specific function:

Forms transcriptional repressor complexes by associating with MAD, SIN3, YY1 and N-COR. Interacts in the late S-phase of DNA-replication with DNMT1 in the other transcriptional repressor complex composed of DNMT1, DMAP1, PCNA, CAF1. Deacetylates TSHZ3 and regulates its transcriptional repressor activity

Gene Name:

HDAC2

Uniprot ID:

Q92769

Molecular weight:

55363.9

References

1. Ishihara K, Takahashi A, Kaneko M, Sugeno H, Hirasawa N, Hong J, Zee O, Ohuchi K: Differentiation of eosinophilic leukemia EoL-1 cells into eosinophils induced by histone deacetylase inhibitors. Life Sci. 2007 Mar 6;80(13):1213-20. Epub 2007 Jan 11. [PubMed:17258775 ]

General function:

Involved in histone deacetylase activity

Specific function:

Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. Probably participates in the regulation of transcription through its binding to the zinc-finger transcription factor YY1; increases YY1 repression activity. Required to repress transcription of the POU1F1 transcription factor

Gene Name:

HDAC3

Uniprot ID:

O15379

Molecular weight:

48847.4

References

1. Ishihara K, Takahashi A, Kaneko M, Sugeno H, Hirasawa N, Hong J, Zee O, Ohuchi K: Differentiation of eosinophilic leukemia EoL-1 cells into eosinophils induced by histone deacetylase inhibitors. Life Sci. 2007 Mar 6;80(13):1213-20. Epub 2007 Jan 11. [PubMed:17258775 ]

General function:

Involved in histone deacetylase activity

Specific function:

Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. Involved in muscle maturation by repressing transcription of myocyte enhancer MEF2C. During muscle differentiation, it shuttles into the cytoplasm, allowing the expression of myocyte enhancer factors

Gene Name:

HDAC5

Uniprot ID:

Q9UQL6

Molecular weight:

121976.9

References

1. Ishihara K, Takahashi A, Kaneko M, Sugeno H, Hirasawa N, Hong J, Zee O, Ohuchi K: Differentiation of eosinophilic leukemia EoL-1 cells into eosinophils induced by histone deacetylase inhibitors. Life Sci. 2007 Mar 6;80(13):1213-20. Epub 2007 Jan 11. [PubMed:17258775 ]

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Has medium-chain fatty acid:CoA ligase activity with broad substrate specificity (in vitro). Acts on acids from C(4) to C(11) and on the corresponding 3-hydroxy- and 2,3- or 3,4-unsaturated acids (in vitro) (By similarity).

Gene Name:

ACSM4

Uniprot ID:

P0C7M7

Molecular weight:

65702.225

Reactions