Hmp_logo

Human Metabolome Database Version 3.5

HMDB has recently undergone some major changes, if you are experiencing problems please click here to provide us with feedback.

Showing metabocard for Acetic acid (HMDB00042)

Record Information
Version 3.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 08:48:42 -0700
Update Date 2013-05-15 12:56:53 -0600
HMDB ID HMDB00042
Secondary Accession Numbers None
Metabolite Identification
Common Name Acetic acid
Description Acetic acid is one of the simplest carboxylic acids. It is an important chemical reagent and industrial chemical that is used in the production of plastic soft drink bottles, photographic film; and polyvinyl acetate for wood glue, as well as many synthetic fibres and fabrics. In households diluted acetic acid is often used as a cleaning agent. In the food industry acetic acid is used as an acidity regulator. The acetyl group, derived from acetic acid, is fundamental to the biochemistry of virtually all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. However, the concentration of free acetic acid in cells is kept at a low level to avoid disrupting the control of the pH of the cell contents. Acetic acid is produced and excreted by certain bacteria, notably the Acetobacter genus and Clostridium acetobutylicum. These bacteria are found universally in foodstuffs, water, and soil, and acetic acid is produced naturally as fruits and some other foods spoil. Acetic acid is also a component of the vaginal lubrication of humans and other primates, where it appears to serve as a mild antibacterial agent.
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
  1. Acetate
  2. Ethanoate
  3. Ethanoic acid
  4. Ethylate
  5. Ethylic acid
  6. Glacial acetate
  7. Glacial acetic acid
  8. Kyselina octova
  9. Methanecarboxylate
  10. Methanecarboxylic acid
  11. Vinegar
  12. Vinegar acid
Chemical Formula C2H4O2
Average Molecular Weight 60.052
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 60.021129372
IUPAC Name acetic acid
Traditional IUPAC Name acetic acid
CAS Registry Number 64-19-7
SMILES CC(O)=O
InChI Identifier InChI=1S/C2H4O2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H,3,4)
InChI Key QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic Compounds
Super Class Organic Acids and Derivatives
Class Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
Sub Class Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Other Descriptors
  • Aliphatic Acyclic Compounds
  • Saturated fatty acids(KEGG)
  • Straight chain fatty acids(KEGG)
  • Straight chain fatty acids(Lipidmaps)
  • monocarboxylic acid(ChEBI)
Substituents
  • N/A
Direct Parent Carboxylic Acids
Ontology
Status Detected and Quantified
Origin
  • Endogenous
  • Microbial
Biofunction
  • Component of Glycerophospholipid metabolism
  • Component of Propanoate metabolism
  • Component of Pyruvate metabolism
Application Not Available
Cellular locations
  • Extracellular
  • Mitochondria
  • Golgi apparatus
Physical Properties
State Liquid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Reference
Melting Point 16.6 °C Not Available
Boiling Point Not Available Not Available
Water Solubility 1000.0 mg/mL Not Available
LogP -0.17 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
Water Solubility 323 g/L ALOGPS
LogP -0.12 ALOGPS
LogP -0.22 ChemAxon
LogS 0.73 ALOGPS
pKa (strongest acidic) 4.54 ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count 2 ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count 1 ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area 37.3 A2 ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count 0 ChemAxon
Refractivity 12.64 ChemAxon
Polarizability 5.34 ChemAxon
Formal Charge 0 ChemAxon
Physiological Charge -1 ChemAxon
Spectra
Gas-MS Spectrum
1H NMR Spectrum
13C NMR Spectrum
MS/MS Spectrum Quattro_QQQ 10
MS/MS Spectrum Quattro_QQQ 25
MS/MS Spectrum Quattro_QQQ 40
MS/MS Spectrum EI-B (HITACHI M-80B)
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50
[1H,1H] 2D NMR Spectrum
[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Mitochondria
  • Golgi apparatus
Biofluid Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Saliva
  • Urine
Tissue Location
  • Most Tissues
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Pyruvate Metabolism SMP00060 map00620 Link_out
Ethanol Degradation SMP00449 Not Available
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis SMP00456 Not Available
Amino Sugar Metabolism SMP00045 map00520 Link_out
Normal Concentrations
Biofluid Status Value Age Sex Condition Comments
Blood Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
30.4 (22.0-40.0) uM Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Blood Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
41.9 +/- 15.1 uM Adult (>18 years old) Not Specified Normal Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
116.0 +/- 55.0 uM Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
58.0 +/- 27.0 uM Not Specified Both Normal Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
100.0 +/- 30.0 uM Adult (>18 years old) Not Specified Normal Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
284.0 +/- 126.0 uM Children (1-13 year old) Both Normal Not Available
Saliva Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
433 (19-2749) uM Adult (>18 years old) Male normal At rest without stimulation
Saliva Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
112 (5-726) uM Adult (>18 years old) Male normal Salivary induction with a citric acid solution...
Urine Detected and not Quantified
Article_icon
Not Applicable Adult (>18 years old) Male Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and not Quantified
Article_icon
Not Applicable Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
13.0 (2.5-106.0) umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal urine by NMR
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
3.31 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Male Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
45.33 +/- 53.33 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and not Quantified
Article_icon
Not Applicable Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Biofluid Status Value Age Sex Condition Comments
Blood Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
42.2 +/- 17.3 uM Adult (>18 years old) Not Specified Heart Transplant Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
35.3 - 211.7 uM Adult (>18 years old) Not Specified Multiple sclerosis Not Available
Urine Detected and not Quantified
Article_icon
Not Applicable Adult (>18 years old) Both Breast cancer Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
53.0 +/- 71.0 umol/mmol creatinine Not Specified Both Lung cancer Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
23.7 +/- 4.5 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both 3-Hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HL) deficency Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
12.9 +/- 0 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both 3-Hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HL) deficency Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
54.1 +/- 23.8 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Arginosuccinic aciduria Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
20.2 +/- 3.9 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Propionic acidemia Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
20.8 +/- 3 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Propionic acidemia Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
99.4 +/- 8.6 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Tyrosinemia I Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
16.3 +/- 7.1 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Phenylketonuria Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
375.3 +/- 6.3 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Phenylketonuria Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
13.2 +/- 5.5 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Maple syrup urine disease Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
21.8 +/- 0 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Aminoaciduria Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Multiple sclerosis
  • Lutz NW, Viola A, Malikova I, Confort-Gouny S, Audoin B, Ranjeva JP, Pelletier J, Cozzone PJ: Inflammatory multiple-sclerosis plaques generate characteristic metabolic profiles in cerebrospinal fluid. PLoS ONE. 2007 Jul 4;2(7):e595. Pubmed: 17611627 Link_out
    Lung Cancer
    • Wishart DS, Knox C, Guo AC, Eisner R, Young N, Gautam B, Hau DD, Psychogios N, Dong E, Bouatra S, Mandal R, Sinelnikov I, Xia J, Jia L, Cruz JA, Lim E, Sobsey CA, Shrivastava S, Huang P, Liu P, Fang L, Peng J, Fradette R, Cheng D, Tzur D, Clements M, Lewis A, De Souza A, Zuniga A, Dawe M, Xiong Y, Clive D, Greiner R, Nazyrova A, Shaykhutdinov R, Li L, Vogel HJ, Forsythe I: HMDB: a knowledgebase for the human metabolome. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Oct 25. Pubmed: 18953024 Link_out
      Associated OMIM IDs
      DrugBank ID DB03166 Link_out
      Phenol Explorer Compound ID Not Available
      Phenol Explorer Metabolite ID Not Available
      FoodDB ID FDB008299
      KNApSAcK ID C00001176 Link_out
      Chemspider ID 171 Link_out
      KEGG Compound ID C00033 Link_out
      BioCyc ID ACET Link_out
      BiGG ID 33590 Link_out
      Wikipedia Link Acetic acid Link_out
      NuGOwiki Link HMDB00042 Link_out
      Metagene Link HMDB00042 Link_out
      METLIN ID 3206 Link_out
      PubChem Compound 176 Link_out
      PDB ID ACY Link_out
      ChEBI ID 15366 Link_out
      References
      Synthesis Reference Law, David John. Process for the preparation of carboxylic acids and/or derivatives thereof. PCT Int. Appl. (2007), 14pp.
      Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Download (PDF)
      General References
      1. Muniz-Junqueira MI, Braga Lopes C, Magalhaes CA, Schleicher CC, Veiga JP: Acute and chronic influence of hemodialysis according to the membrane used on phagocytic function of neutrophils and monocytes and pro-inflammatory cytokines production in chronic renal failure patients. Life Sci. 2005 Nov 4;77(25):3141-55. Epub 2005 Jul 11. Pubmed: 16005905 Link_out
      2. Silwood CJ, Lynch E, Claxson AW, Grootveld MC: 1H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic analysis of human saliva. J Dent Res. 2002 Jun;81(6):422-7. Pubmed: 12097436 Link_out
      3. Sugawara G, Nagino M, Nishio H, Ebata T, Takagi K, Asahara T, Nomoto K, Nimura Y: Perioperative synbiotic treatment to prevent postoperative infectious complications in biliary cancer surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg. 2006 Nov;244(5):706-14. Pubmed: 17060763 Link_out
      4. Camoutsis C, Trafalis D, Pairas G, Papageorgiou A: On the formation of 4-[N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl acetic acid esters of hecogenin and aza-homo-hecogenin and their antileukemic activity. Farmaco. 2005 Oct;60(10):826-9. Epub 2005 Aug 31. Pubmed: 16139280 Link_out
      5. Subramanian A, Gupta A, Saxena S, Gupta A, Kumar R, Nigam A, Kumar R, Mandal SK, Roy R: Proton MR CSF analysis and a new software as predictors for the differentiation of meningitis in children. NMR Biomed. 2005 Jun;18(4):213-25. Pubmed: 15627241 Link_out
      6. Nicholson JK, Foxall PJ, Spraul M, Farrant RD, Lindon JC: 750 MHz 1H and 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of human blood plasma. Anal Chem. 1995 Mar 1;67(5):793-811. Pubmed: 7762816 Link_out
      7. Li M, Pan XL, Wang LL, Feng Y, Huang N, Wu Q, Li X, Wang BY: [Study of antmicrobial mechanisms of human cervical mucus: isolation and characterization of antibacterial polypeptides] Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2005 Apr 27;85(16):1109-12. Pubmed: 16029568 Link_out
      8. Vaca G, Hernandez A, Ibarra B, Velazquez A, Olivares N, Sanchez-Corona J, Medina C, Cantu JM: Detection of inborn errors of metabolism in 1,117 patients studied because of suspected inherited disease. Arch Invest Med (Mex). 1981;12(3):341-8. Pubmed: 7294941 Link_out
      9. Commodari F, Arnold DL, Sanctuary BC, Shoubridge EA: 1H NMR characterization of normal human cerebrospinal fluid and the detection of methylmalonic acid in a vitamin B12 deficient patient. NMR Biomed. 1991 Aug;4(4):192-200. Pubmed: 1931558 Link_out
      10. Yagi K, Nakamura A, Sekine A: [Magnification endoscopy diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus with methylene blue and acetic acid] Nippon Rinsho. 2005 Aug;63(8):1411-5. Pubmed: 16101231 Link_out
      11. Fan DD, Luo Y, Mi Y, Ma XX, Shang L: Characteristics of fed-batch cultures of recombinant Escherichia coli containing human-like collagen cDNA at different specific growth rates. Biotechnol Lett. 2005 Jun;27(12):865-70. Pubmed: 16086249 Link_out
      12. Syrjanen K, Naud P, Derchain S, Roteli-Martins C, Longatto-Filho A, Tatti S, Branca M, Erzen M, Hammes LS, Matos J, Gontijo R, Sarian L, Braganca J, Arlindo FC, Maeda MY, Lorincz A, Dores GB, Costa S, Syrjanen S: Comparing PAP smear cytology, aided visual inspection, screening colposcopy, cervicography and HPV testing as optional screening tools in Latin America. Study design and baseline data of the LAMS study. Anticancer Res. 2005 Sep-Oct;25(5):3469-80. Pubmed: 16101165 Link_out
      13. Yri OE, Bjoro T, Fossa SD: Failure to achieve castration levels in patients using leuprolide acetate in locally advanced prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2006 Jan;49(1):54-8; discussion 58. Epub 2005 Nov 15. Pubmed: 16314038 Link_out
      Enzymes
      Name: Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 12
      Reactions:
      • acetyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + acetate [RN:R00227]
      Gene Name: ACOT12
      Uniprot ID: Q8WYK0 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic
      Reactions:
      • ATP + acetate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA [RN:R00235]
      Gene Name: ACSS2
      Uniprot ID: Q9NR19 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase 2-like, mitochondrial
      Reactions:
      • ATP + acetate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA [RN:R00235]
      Gene Name: ACSS1
      Uniprot ID: Q9NUB1 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Serum paraoxonase/lactonase 3
      Reactions:
      • an aryl dialkyl phosphate + H2O = dialkyl phosphate + an aryl alcohol [RN:R03979]
      Gene Name: PON3
      Uniprot ID: Q15166 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 2
      Reactions:
      • an N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone + H2O = an N-acyl-L-homoserine [RN:R08970]
      Gene Name: PON2
      Uniprot ID: Q15165 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
      Reactions:
      • 4-trimethylammoniobutanal + NAD+ + H2O = 4-trimethylammoniobutanoate + NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R03283]
      Gene Name: ALDH9A1
      Uniprot ID: P49189 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring
      Reactions:
      • an aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = an acid + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R00538 R00634]
      Gene Name: ALDH3A1
      Uniprot ID: P30838 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase
      Reactions:
      • L-2-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = L-2-aminoadipate + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R03102 R03103]
      Gene Name: ALDH7A1
      Uniprot ID: P49419 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A3
      Reactions:
      • an aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = an acid + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R00538 R00634]
      Gene Name: ALDH1A3
      Uniprot ID: P47895 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
      Reactions:
      • an aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = an acid + NADH + H+ [RN:R00538]
      Gene Name: ALDH2
      Uniprot ID: P05091 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase
      Reactions:
      • an aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = an acid + NADH + H+ [RN:R00538]
      Gene Name: ALDH3A2
      Uniprot ID: P51648 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Aldehyde dehydrogenase X, mitochondrial
      Reactions:
      • an aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = an acid + NADH + H+ [RN:R00538]
      Gene Name: ALDH1B1
      Uniprot ID: P30837 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase
      Reactions:
      • 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate [RN:R04452]
      Gene Name: PLA2G7
      Uniprot ID: Q13093 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Acetylcholinesterase
      Reactions:
      • acetylcholine + H2O = choline + acetate [RN:R01026]
      Gene Name: ACHE
      Uniprot ID: P22303 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase IB subunit gamma
      Reactions:
      • 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate [RN:R04452]
      Gene Name: PAFAH1B3
      Uniprot ID: Q15102 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase IB subunit beta
      Reactions:
      • 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate [RN:R04452]
      Gene Name: PAFAH1B2
      Uniprot ID: P68402 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase 2, cytoplasmic
      Reactions:
      • 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate [RN:R04452]
      Gene Name: PAFAH2
      Uniprot ID: Q99487 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Sialate O-acetylesterase
      Reactions:
      • N-acetyl-O-acetylneuraminate + H2O = N-acetylneuraminate + acetate [RN:R01810]
      Gene Name: SIAE
      Uniprot ID: Q9HAT2 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B2
      Reactions:
      • an aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = an acid + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R00538 R00634]
      Gene Name: ALDH3B2
      Uniprot ID: P48448 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B1
      Reactions:
      • an aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = an acid + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R00538 R00634]
      Gene Name: ALDH3B1
      Uniprot ID: P43353 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Acylphosphatase-2
      Reactions:
      • an acylphosphate + H2O = a carboxylate + phosphate [RN:R00539]
      Gene Name: ACYP2
      Uniprot ID: P14621 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Acylphosphatase-1
      Reactions:
      • an acylphosphate + H2O = a carboxylate + phosphate [RN:R00539]
      Gene Name: ACYP1
      Uniprot ID: P07311 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Aminoacylase-1
      Reactions:
      • an N-acyl-L-amino acid + H2O = a carboxylate + an L-amino acid [RN:R01263]
      Gene Name: ACY1
      Uniprot ID: Q03154 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Aspartoacylase
      Reactions:
      • N-acyl-L-aspartate + H2O = a carboxylate + L-aspartate [RN:R00546]
      Gene Name: ASPA
      Uniprot ID: P45381 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase IB subunit alpha
      Reactions:
        Gene Name: PAFAH1B1
        Uniprot ID: P43034 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: N-acetylglucosaminyl-phosphatidylinositol de-N-acetylase
        Reactions:
        • 6-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + H2O = 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + acetate [RN:R03482 R05917]
        Gene Name: PIGL
        Uniprot ID: Q9Y2B2 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: Aspartoacylase-2
        Reactions:
        • --- []
        Gene Name: ACY3
        Uniprot ID: Q96HD9 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase
        Reactions:
        • a steroid + AH2 + O2 = a 17alpha-hydroxysteroid + A + H2O [RN:R02131]
        Gene Name: CYP17A1
        Uniprot ID: P05093 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: Putative N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase
        Reactions:
        • N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate [RN:R02059]
        Gene Name: AMDHD2
        Uniprot ID: Q9Y303 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: Citrate lyase subunit beta-like protein, mitochondrial
        Reactions:
          Gene Name: CLYBL
          Uniprot ID: Q8N0X4 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: ACSS2 protein
          Reactions:
            Gene Name: ACSS2
            Uniprot ID: Q96FY7 Link_out
            Protein Sequence: FASTA
            Gene Sequence: FASTA
            Transporters
            Name: Monocarboxylate transporter 1
            Reactions:
            • --- []
            Gene Name: SLC16A1
            Uniprot ID: P53985 Link_out
            Protein Sequence: FASTA
            Gene Sequence: FASTA
            Name: Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1
            Reactions:
            • --- []
            Gene Name: SLCO2B1
            Uniprot ID: O94956 Link_out
            Protein Sequence: FASTA
            Gene Sequence: FASTA