1. Formylformate
2. Formylformic acid
3. Glyoxalate
4. Glyoxalic acid
5. Glyoxylate
6. Glyoxylic acid
7. Oxalaldehydate
8. Oxalaldehydic acid
9. Oxoacetate
10. Oxoacetic acid
11. Oxoethanoate
12. Oxoethanoic acid
13. a-Ketoacetate
14. a-Ketoacetic acid
15. alpha-Ketoacetate
16. alpha-Ketoacetic acid

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• Cytoplasm (Predicted from Solubility)
• mitochondria
• peroxisome

• Blood
• Cerebrospinal Fluid
• Urine

1. Naghizadeh F, Barlow D, King J: The reduction of oxo-acids by human tissue extracts. Clin Biochem. 1976 Apr;9(2):65-6. [PubMed ]
2. Borondy PE, Michniewicz BM: Metabolic disposition of isoxicam in man, monkey, dog, and rat. Drug Metab Dispos. 1984 Jul-Aug;12(4):444-51. [PubMed ]
3. Arvesen A, Maehlen J, Rosen L, Aas P: Myointimal hyperplasia and sympathetic reinnervation following local cold injury and rapid rewarming in the rabbit central ear artery. Vasa. 2001 Jul;30(3):176-83. [PubMed ]
4. Motomiya Y, Oyama N, Iwamoto H, Uchimura T, Maruyama I: N epsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine in blood from maintenance hemodialysis patients may contribute to dialysis-related amyloidosis. Kidney Int. 1998 Oct;54(4):1357-66. [PubMed ]
5. Holmes E, Foxall PJ, Spraul M, Farrant RD, Nicholson JK, Lindon JC: 750 MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy characterisation of the complex metabolic pattern of urine from patients with inborn errors of metabolism: 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria and maple syrup urine disease. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 1997 Jul;15(11):1647-59. [PubMed ]
6. Mentasti E, Savigliano M, Marangella M, Petrarulo M, Linari F: High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of glyoxylic acid and other carbonyl compounds in urine. J Chromatogr. 1987 Jul 3;417(2):253-60. [PubMed ]
7. Bruzzese FJ, Dix JA, Rava RP, Cerny LC: Resonance Raman spectroscopy of chemically modified hemoglobins. Biomater Artif Cells Artif Organs. 1990;18(2):143-56. [PubMed ]
8. Lee SH, Kim SO, Chung BC: Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of urinary oxoacids using O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)oxime-trimethylsilyl ester derivatization and cation-exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1998 Nov 20;719(1-2):1-7. [PubMed ]
9. Schmitt A, Gasic-Milenkovic J, Schmitt J: Characterization of advanced glycation end products: mass changes in correlation to side chain modifications. Anal Biochem. 2005 Nov 1;346(1):101-6. Epub 2005 Aug 15. [PubMed ]
10. Booth ED, Dofferhoff O, Boogaard PJ, Watson WP: Comparison of the metabolism of ethylene glycol and glycolic acid in vitro by precision-cut tissue slices from female rat, rabbit and human liver. Xenobiotica. 2004 Jan;34(1):31-48. [PubMed ]
11. Tainio H, Vaalasti A, Rechardt L: The distribution of sympathetic adrenergic, tyrosine hydroxylase- and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive nerves in human axillary sweat glands. Histochemistry. 1986;85(2):117-20. [PubMed ]
12. Davis WL, Goodman DB: Evidence for the glyoxylate cycle in human liver. Anat Rec. 1992 Dec;234(4):461-8. [PubMed ]
13. Arvesen A, Maehlen J, Rosen L, Aas P: Early and late functional and histopathological perturbations in the rabbit ear-artery following local cold injury. Vasa. 1999 May;28(2):85-94. [PubMed ]
14. Wikipedia

1. D-amino-acid oxidase
2. Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial
3. Hydroxyacid oxidase 2
4. Serine--pyruvate aminotransferase
5. Glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase
6. Growth-inhibiting protein 16
7. Hydroxyacid oxidase (Glycolate oxidase) 1, isoform CRA_a
8. cDNA, FLJ93456, highly similar to Homo sapiens D-amino-acid oxidase (DAO), mRNA (D-amino-acid oxidase, isoform CRA_c)

1. DAAO
2. DAMOX
3. DAO

MRVVVIGAGVIGLSTALCIHERYHSVLQPLDIKVYADRFTPLTTTDVAAGLWQPYLSDPN
NPQEADWSQQTFDYLLSHVHSPNAENLGLFLISGYNLFHEAIPDPSWKDTVLGFRKLTPR
ELDMFPDYGYGWFHTSLILEGKNYLQWLTERLTERGVKFFQRKVESFEEVAREGADVIVN
CTGVWAGALQRDPLLQPGRGQIMKVDAPWMKHFILTHDPERGIYNSPYIIPGTQTVTLGG
IFQLGNWSELNNIQDHNTIWEGCCRLEPTLKNARIIGERTGFRPVRPQIRLEREQLRTGP
SNTEVIHNYGHGGYGLTIHWGCALEAAKLFGRILEEKKLSRMPPSHL

• Arginine and Proline Metabolism (map00330 )
• D-Arginine and D-ornithine Metabolism (map00472 )
• Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism (map00260 )

• a D-amino acid + H2O + O2 = a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + H2O2 [RN:R01340]

• DAO (PF01266 )

• None

• None

ATGCGTGTGGTGGTGATTGGAGCAGGAGTCATCGGGCTGTCCACCGCCCTCTGCATCCAT
GAGCGCTACCACTCAGTCCTGCAGCCACTGCACATAAAGGTCTACGCGGACCGCTTCACC
CCACTCACCACCACCGACGTGGCTGCCGGCCTCTGGCAGCCCTACCTTTCTGACCCCAAC
AACCCACAGGAGGCGGACTGGAGCCAACAGACCTTTGACTATCTCCTGAGCCATGTCCAT
TCTCCCAACGCTGAAAACCTGGGCCTGTTCCTAATCTCGGGCTACAACCTCTTCCATGAA
GCCATTCCGGACCCTTCCTGGAAGGACACAGTTCTGGGATTTCGGAAGCTGACCCCCAGA
GAGCTGGATATGTTCCCAGATTACGGCTATGGCTGGTTCCACACAAGCCTAATTCTGGAG
GGAAAGAACTATCTACAGTGGCTGACTGAAAGGTTAACTGAGAGGGGAGTGAAGTTCTTC
CAGCGGAAAGTGGAGTCTTTTGAGGAGGTGGCAAGAGAAGGCGCAGACGTGATTGTCAAC
TGCACTGGGGTATGGGCTGGGGCGCTACAACGAGACCCCCTGCTGCAGCCAGGCCGGGGG
CAGATCATGAAGGTGGACGCCCCTTGGATGAAGCACTTCATTCTCACCCATGACCCAGAG
AGAGGCATCTACAATTCCCCGTACATCATCCCAGGGACCCAGACAGTTACTCTTGGAGGC
ATCTTCCAGTTGGGAAACTGGAGTGAACTAAACAATATCCAGGACCACAACACCATTTGG
GAAGGCTGCTGCAGACTGGAGCCCACACTGAAGAATGCAAGAATTATTGGTGAAGCAACT
GGCTTCCGGCCAGTACGCCCCCAGATTCGGCTAGAAAGAGAACAGCTTCGCACTGGACCT
TCAAACACAGAGGTCATCCACAACTATGGCCATGGAGGCTACGGGCTCACCATCCACTGG
GGATGTGCCCTGGAGGCAGCCAAGCTCTTTGGGAGAATCCTGGAAGAAAAGAAATTGTCC
AGAATGCCACCATCCCACCTCTGA

1. Momoi K, Fukui K, Watanabe F, Miyake Y: Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA encoding human kidney D-amino acid oxidase. FEBS Lett. 1988 Sep 26;238(1):180-4. [PubMed ]
2. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
4. Fukui K, Miyake Y: Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of a human gene encoding D-amino-acid oxidase. J Biol Chem. 1992 Sep 15;267(26):18631-8. [PubMed ]
5. Kawazoe T, Tsuge H, Pilone MS, Fukui K: Crystal structure of human D-amino acid oxidase: context-dependent variability of the backbone conformation of the VAAGL hydrophobic stretch located at the si-face of the flavin ring. Protein Sci. 2006 Dec;15(12):2708-17. Epub 2006 Nov 6. [PubMed ]
6. Kawazoe T, Tsuge H, Imagawa T, Aki K, Kuramitsu S, Fukui K: Structural basis of D-DOPA oxidation by D-amino acid oxidase: alternative pathway for dopamine biosynthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Apr 6;355(2):385-91. Epub 2007 Feb 8. [PubMed ]
7. Sparey T, Abeywickrema P, Almond S, Brandon N, Byrne N, Campbell A, Hutson PH, Jacobson M, Jones B, Munshi S, Pascarella D, Pike A, Prasad GS, Sachs N, Sakatis M, Sardana V, Venkatraman S, Young MB: The discovery of fused pyrrole carboxylic acids as novel, potent D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2008 Jun 1;18(11):3386-91. Epub 2008 Apr 13. [PubMed ]

1. AGT 2
2. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate--pyruvate transaminase
3. Beta-ALAAT II
4. Beta-alanine-pyruvate aminotransferase
5. D-AIBAT

MTLIWRHLLRPLCLVTSAPRILEMHPFLSLGTSRTSVTKLSLHTKPRMPPCDFMPERYQS
LGYNRVLEIHKEHLSPVVTAYFQKPLLLHQGHMEWLFDAEGSRYLDFFSGIVTVSVGHCH
PKVNAVAQKQLGRLWHTSTVFFHPPMHEYAEKLAALLPEPLKVIFLVNSGSEANELAMLM
ARAHSNNIDIISFRGAYHGCSPYTLGLTNVGTYKMELPGGTGCQPTMCPDVFRGPWGGSH
CRDSPVQTIRKCSCAPDCCQAKDQYIEQFKDTLSTSVAKSIAGFFAEPIQGVNGVVQYPK
GFLKEAFELVRARGGVCIADEVQTGFGRLGSHFWGFQTHDVLPDIVTMAKGIGNGFPMAA
VITTPEIAKSLAKCLQHFNTFGGNPMACAIGSAVLEVIKEENLQENSQEVGTYMLLKFAK
LRDEFEIVGDVRGKGLMIGIEMVQDKISCRPLPREEVNQIHEDCKHMGLLVGRGSIFSQT
FRIAPSMCITKPEVDFAVEVFRSALTQHMERRAK

• Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism (map00260 )

• L-alanine + glyoxylate = pyruvate + glycine [RN:R00369]

• Aminotran_3 (PF00202 )

• None

• None

ATGACTCTAATCTGGAGACATTTGCTGAGACCCTTGTGCCTGGTCACTTCCGCTCCCAGG
ATCCTTGAGATGCATCCTTTCCTGAGCCTAGGTACTTCCCGGACATCAGTAACCAAGCTC
AGTCTTCATACAAAGCCCAGAATGCCTCCATGTGACTTCATGCCTGAAAGATACCAGTCC
CTTGGCTACAACCGTGTCCTGGAAATCCACAAGGAACATCTTTCTCCTGTGGTGACGGCA
TATTTCCAGAAACCCCTGCTGCTCCACCAGGGGCACATGGAGTGGCTCTTTGATGCTGAA
GGAAGCAGATACCTGGATTTCTTTTCCGGGATTGTTACTGTCAGTGTTGGCCATTGCCAC
CCAAAGGTGAATGCAGTGGCACAAAAGCAGCTCGGCCGCCTGTGGCATACAAGCACCGTC
TTCTTCCACCCTCCAATGCATGAATATGCAGAGAAGCTTGCCGCACTTCTTCCTGAGCCT
CTTAAGGTCATTTTCTTGGTGAACAGTGGCTCAGAAGCCAATGAGCTGGCCATGCTGATG
GCCAGGGCGCACTCAAACAACATAGACATCATTTCTTTCAGAGGAGCCTACCATGGATGC
AGTCCTTACACACTTGGCTTGACAAACGTAGGGACCTACAAGATGGAACTCCCTGGTGGG
ACAGGTTGCCAACCAACAATGTGTCCAGATGTTTTTCGTGGCCCTTGGGGAGGAAGCCAC
TGTCGAGATTCTCCAGTGCAAACAATCAGGAAGTGCAGCTGTGCACCAGACTGCTGCCAA
GCTAAAGATCAGTATATTGAGCAATTCAAAGATACGCTGAGCACATCTGTGGCCAAGTCA
ATTGCTGGATTTTTCGCAGAACCTATTCAAGGTGTGAATGGAGTTGTCCAGTACCCAAAG
GGGTTTCTAAAGGAAGCCTTTGAGCTGGTGCGAGCAAGGGGAGGCGTGTGCATTGCAGAT
GAAGTGCAGACAGGATTTGGAAGGTTGGGCTCTCACTTCTGGGGCTTCCAAACCCACGAT
GTCCTGCCTGACATTGTCACCATGGCTAAAGGGATTGGGAATGGCTTTCCCATGGCAGCA
GTCATAACCACTCCAGAGATTGCCAAATCTTTGGCGAAATGCCTGCAGCACTTCAACACC
TTTGGAGGGAACCCCATGGCCTGTGCCATTGGATCTGCTGTGCTTGAGGTGATTAAAGAA
GAAAATCTACAGGAAAACAGTCAAGAAGTTGGGACCTACATGTTACTAAAGTTTGCTAAG
CTGCGGGATGAATTTGAAATTGTTGGAGACGTCCGAGGCAAAGGTCTCATGATAGGCATA
GAAATGGTGCAGGATAAGATAAGCTGTCGGCCTCTTCCCCGTGAAGAAGTAAATCAGATC
CATGAGGACTGCAAGCACATGGGACTCCTCGTTGGCAGAGGCAGCATTTTTTCTCAGACA
TTTCGCATTGCGCCCTCAATGTGCATCACTAAACCAGAAGTTGATTTTGCAGTAGAAGTA
TTTCGTTCTGCCTTAACCCAACACATGGAAAGAAGAGCTAAGTAA

1. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]

1. HAOX2
2. (S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase, peroxisomal
3. Cell growth-inhibiting gene 16 protein
4. Long chain alpha-hydroxy acid oxidase
5. Long-chain L-2-hydroxy acid oxidase

MSLVCLTDFQAHAREQLSKSTRDFIEGGADDSITRDDNIAAFKRIRLRPRYLRDVSEVDT
RTTIQGEEISAPICIAPTGFHCLVWPDGEMSTARAAQAAGICYITSTFASCSLEDIVIAA
PEGLRWFQLYVHPDLQLNKQLIQRVESLGFKALVITLDTPVCGNRRHDIRNQLRRNLTLT
DLQSPKKGNAIPYFQMTPISTSLCWNDLSWFQSITRLPIILKGILTKEDAELAVKHNVQG
IIVSNHGGRQLDEVLASIDALTEVVAAVKGKIEVYLDGGVRTGNDVLKALALGAKCIFLG
RPILWGLACKGEHGVKEVLNILTNEFHTSMALTGCRSVAEINRNLVQFSRL

• Glyoxylate and Dicarboxylate Metabolism (map00630 )

• an (S)-2-hydroxy acid + O2 = a 2-oxo acid + H2O2 [RN:R01341]

• FMN_dh (PF01070 )

• None

• None

ATGTCCTTGGTGTGTCTGACAGACTTTCAGGCCCATGCGCGAGAGCAGCTGTCTAAGTCA
ACTCGGGATTTTATTGAAGGTGGAGCAGATGACAGCATCACGCGGGATGACAACATTGCA
GCATTTAAAAGAATTCGCCTCCGTCCGCGGTACCTGAGAGATGTGTCTGAGGTGGACACC
AGAACCACAATCCAAGGGGAGGAGATCAGTGCCCTTATTTGTATCGCACCCACAGGGTAC
CACTGCCTCGTCTGGCCTGATGGGGAAATGAGCACAGCAAGAGCTGCCCAAGCGGCTGGT
ATCTGCTACATCACCAGCACATTTGCCAGCTGTAGCCTTGAAGACATTGTCATTGCAGCT
CCCGAAGGCCTCCGATGGTTCCAACTCTATGTGCATCCAGACCTGCAGCTGAACAAACAG
TTGATCCAGAGGGTAGAATCCCTAGGTTTCAAAGCTTTGGTAATAACTTTGGATACACCT
GTATGTGGCAACAGGCGACATGACATTCGAAACCAGTTGAGGAGGAACTTAACACTAACA
GATCTTCAATCACCTAAAAAGGGAAATGCAATACCTTATTTCCAGATGACTCCTATCAGC
ACTTCTCTCTGCTGGAATGATCTCTCCTGGTTTCAGAGCATAACTCGATTGCCCATCATC
CTGAAAGGGATTTTGACAAAAGAGGATGCAGAGTTAGCTGTGAAGCACAATGTCCAGGGT
ATCATTGTTTCCAACCATGGTGGGAGGCAGCTTGATGAGGTTCTTGCTTCAATTGATGCT
TTGACAGAAGTGGTGGCTGCTGTAAAGGGGAAAATTGAAGTCTACCTGGATGGCGGGGTC
CGAACTGGCAATGATGTGCTGAAGGCTCTGGCCCATGAAGATAAGTGCATTTTTCTTGGG
AGACCAATCCTATGGGGCCTTGCCTGCAAGGGTGAACATGGTGTTAAGGAAGTTTTGAAC
ATTTTAACAAATGAGTTCCACACTTCCATGGCCCTTACAGGCTGCCGGTCGGTCGCTGAG
ATCAATCGAAACTTGGTCCAGTTTTCCAGGCTGTAA

1. Jones JM, Morrell JC, Gould SJ: Identification and characterization of HAOX1, HAOX2, and HAOX3, three human peroxisomal 2-hydroxy acid oxidases. J Biol Chem. 2000 Apr 28;275(17):12590-7. [PubMed ]
2. Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [PubMed ]
3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]

1. SPT
2. Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase
3. AGT

MASHKLLVTPPKALLKPLSIPNQLLLGPGPSNLPPRIMAAGGLQMIGSMSKDMYQIMDEI
KEGIQYVFQTRNPLTLVISGSGHCALEAALVNVLEPGDSFLVGANGIWGQRAVDIGERIG
ARVHPMTKDPGGHYTLQEVEEGLAQHKPVLLFLTHGESSTGVLQPLDGFGELCHRYKCLL
LVDSVASLGGTPLYMDRQGIDILYSGSQKALNAPPGTSLISFSDKAKKKMYSRKTKPFSF
YLDIKWLANFWGCDDQPRMYHHTIPVISLYSLRESLALIAEQGLENSWRQHREAAAYLHG
RLQALGLQLFVKDPALRLPTVTTVAVPAGYDWRDIVSYVIDHFDIEIMGGLGPSTGKVLR
IGLLGCNATRENVDRVTEALRAALQHCPKKKL

• Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism (map00260 )

• L-serine + pyruvate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine [RN:R00585]

• Aminotran_5 (PF00266 )

• None

• None

ATGGCCTCTCACAAGCTGCTGGTGACCCCCCCCAAGGCCCTGCTCAAGCCCCTCTCCATC
CCCAACCAGCTCCTGCTGGGGCCTGGTCCTTCCAACCTGCCTCCTCGCATCATGGCAGCC
GGGGGGCTGCAGATGATCGGGTCCATGAGCAAGGATATGTACCAGATCATGGACGAGATC
AAGGAAGGCATCCAGTACGTGTTCCAGACCAGGAACCCACTCACACTGGTCATCTCTGGC
TCGGGACACTGTGCCCTGGAGGCCGCCCTGGTCAATGTGCTGGAGCCTGGGGACTCCTTC
CTGGTTGGGGCCAATGGCATTTGGGGGCAGCGAGCCGTGGACATCGGGGAGCGCATAGGA
GCCCGAGTGCACCCGATGACCAAGGACCCTGGAGGCCACTACACACTGCAGGAGGTGGAG
GAGGGCCTGGCCCAGCACAAGCCAGTGCTGCTGTTCTTAACCCACGGGGAGTCGTCCACC
GGCGTGCTGCAGCCCCTTGATGGCTTCGGGGAACTCTGCCACAGGTACAAGTGCCTGCTC
CTGGTGGATTCGGTGGCATCCCTGGGCGGGACCCCCCTTTACATGGACCGGCAAGGCATC
GACATCCTGTACTCGGGCTCCCAGAAGGCCCTGAACGCCCCTCCAGGGACCTCGCTCATC
TCCTTCAGTGACAAGGCCAAAAAGAAGATGTACTCCCGCAAGACGAAGCCCTTCTCCTTC
TACCTGGACATCAAGTGGCTGGCCAACTTCTGGGGCTGTGACGACCAGCCCAGGATGTAC
CATCACACAATCCCCGTCATCAGCCTGTACAGCCTGAGAGAGAGCCTGGCCCTCATTGCG
GAACAGGGCCTGGAGAACAGCTGGCGCCAGCACCGCGAGGCCGCGGCGTATCTGCATGGG
CGCCTGCAGGCACTGGGGCTGCAGCTCTTCGTGAAGGACCCGGCGCTCCGGCTTCCCACA
GTCACCACTGTGGCTGTACCCGCTGGCTATGACTGGAGAGACATCGTCAGCTACGTCATA
GACCACTTCGACATTGAGATCATGGGTGGCCTTGGGCCCTCCACGGGGAAGGTGCTGCGG
ATCGGCCTGCTGGGCTGCAATGCCACCCGCGAGAATGTGGACCGCGTGACGGAGGCCCTG
AGGGCGGCCCTGCAGCACTGCCCCAAGAAGAAGCTGTGA

1. Nishiyama K, Berstein G, Oda T, Ichiyama A: Cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding human liver serine-pyruvate aminotransferase. Eur J Biochem. 1990 Nov 26;194(1):9-18. [PubMed ]
2. Purdue PE, Takada Y, Danpure CJ: Identification of mutations associated with peroxisome-to-mitochondrion mistargeting of alanine/glyoxylate aminotransferase in primary hyperoxaluria type 1. J Cell Biol. 1990 Dec;111(6 Pt 1):2341-51. [PubMed ]
3. Takada Y, Kaneko N, Esumi H, Purdue PE, Danpure CJ: Human peroxisomal L-alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase. Evolutionary loss of a mitochondrial targeting signal by point mutation of the initiation codon. Biochem J. 1990 Jun 1;268(2):517-20. [PubMed ]
4. Purdue PE, Lumb MJ, Fox M, Griffo G, Hamon-Benais C, Povey S, Danpure CJ: Characterization and chromosomal mapping of a genomic clone encoding human alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. Genomics. 1991 May;10(1):34-42. [PubMed ]
5. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
6. Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Pepin KH, Minx P, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Kremitzki C, Oddy L, Du H, Sun H, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Carter J, Cordes M, Harris A, Isak A, van Brunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Abbott S, Armstrong J, Belter EA, Caruso L, Cedroni M, Cotton M, Davidson T, Desai A, Elliott G, Erb T, Fronick C, Gaige T, Haakenson W, Haglund K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Kim K, Kruchowski SS, Strong CM, Grewal N, Goyea E, Hou S, Levy A, Martinka S, Mead K, McLellan MD, Meyer R, Randall-Maher J, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Shah N, Swearengen-Shahid S, Snider J, Strong JT, Thompson J, Yoakum M, Leonard S, Pearman C, Trani L, Radionenko M, Waligorski JE, Wang C, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Maupin R, Latreille P, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Pohl C, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Berkowicz N, Nelson JO, Osborne J, Ding L, Meyer R, Sabo A, Shotland Y, Sinha P, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Jones TA, She X, Ciccarelli FD, Izaurralde E, Taylor J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Cox DR, Huang X, McPherson JD, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Warren WC, Chinwalla AT, Eddy SR, Marra MA, Ovcharenko I, Furey TS, Miller W, Eichler EE, Bork P, Suyama M, Torrents D, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. Nature. 2005 Apr 7;434(7034):724-31. [PubMed ]
7. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
8. Zhang X, Roe SM, Hou Y, Bartlam M, Rao Z, Pearl LH, Danpure CJ: Crystal structure of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase and the relationship between genotype and enzymatic phenotype in primary hyperoxaluria type 1. J Mol Biol. 2003 Aug 15;331(3):643-52. [PubMed ]
9. Nishiyama K, Funai T, Katafuchi R, Hattori F, Onoyama K, Ichiyama A: Primary hyperoxaluria type I due to a point mutation of T to C in the coding region of the serine:pyruvate aminotransferase gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 May 15;176(3):1093-9. [PubMed ]
10. Purdue PE, Lumb MJ, Allsop J, Minatogawa Y, Danpure CJ: A glycine-to-glutamate substitution abolishes alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase catalytic activity in a subset of patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Genomics. 1992 May;13(1):215-8. [PubMed ]
11. Minatogawa Y, Tone S, Allsop J, Purdue PE, Takada Y, Danpur CJ, Kido R: A serine-to-phenylalanine substitution leads to loss of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase catalytic activity and immunoreactivity in a patient with primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Hum Mol Genet. 1992 Nov;1(8):643-4. [PubMed ]
12. Danpure CJ, Purdue PE, Fryer P, Griffiths S, Allsop J, Lumb MJ, Guttridge KM, Jennings PR, Scheinman JI, Mauer SM, et al.: Enzymological and mutational analysis of a complex primary hyperoxaluria type 1 phenotype involving alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase peroxisome-to-mitochondrion mistargeting and intraperoxisomal aggregation. Am J Hum Genet. 1993 Aug;53(2):417-32. [PubMed ]
13. Danpure CJ: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 and peroxisome-to-mitochondrion mistargeting of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. Biochimie. 1993;75(3-4):309-15. [PubMed ]
14. von Schnakenburg C, Rumsby G: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1: a cluster of new mutations in exon 7 of the AGXT gene. J Med Genet. 1997 Jun;34(6):489-92. [PubMed ]
15. von Schnakenburg C, Rumsby G: Identification of new mutations in primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1). J Nephrol. 1998 Mar-Apr;11 Suppl 1:15-7. [PubMed ]
16. Amoroso A, Pirulli D, Puzzer D, Ferri L, Crovella S, Ferrettini C, Marangella M, Mazzola G, Florian F: Gene symbol: AGXT. Disease: primary hyperoxaluria type I. Hum Genet. 1999 May;104(5):441. [PubMed ]
17. Pirulli D, Puzzer D, Ferri L, Crovella S, Amoroso A, Ferrettini C, Marangella M, Mazzola G, Florian F: Molecular analysis of hyperoxaluria type 1 in Italian patients reveals eight new mutations in the alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase gene. Hum Genet. 1999 Jun;104(6):523-5. [PubMed ]
18. Rinat C, Wanders RJ, Drukker A, Halle D, Frishberg Y: Primary hyperoxaluria type I: a model for multiple mutations in a monogenic disease within a distinct ethnic group. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999 Nov;10(11):2352-8. [PubMed ]
19. Basmaison O, Rolland MO, Cochat P, Bozon D: Identification of 5 novel mutations in the AGXT gene. Hum Mutat. 2000 Jun;15(6):577. [PubMed ]
20. Lumb MJ, Danpure CJ: Functional synergism between the most common polymorphism in human alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase and four of the most common disease-causing mutations. J Biol Chem. 2000 Nov 17;275(46):36415-22. [PubMed ]
21. Coulter-Mackie MB, Tung A, Henderson HE, Toone JR, Applegarth DA: The AGT gene in Africa: a distinctive minor allele haplotype, a polymorphism (V326I), and a novel PH1 mutation (A112D) in Black Africans. Mol Genet Metab. 2003 Jan;78(1):44-50. [PubMed ]
22. Santana A, Salido E, Torres A, Shapiro LJ: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 in the Canary Islands: a conformational disease due to I244T mutation in the P11L-containing alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Jun 10;100(12):7277-82. Epub 2003 May 30. [PubMed ]
23. van Woerden CS, Groothoff JW, Wijburg FA, Annink C, Wanders RJ, Waterham HR: Clinical implications of mutation analysis in primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Kidney Int. 2004 Aug;66(2):746-52. [PubMed ]
24. Monico CG, Olson JB, Milliner DS: Implications of genotype and enzyme phenotype in pyridoxine response of patients with type I primary hyperoxaluria. Am J Nephrol. 2005 Mar-Apr;25(2):183-8. Epub 2005 Apr 21. [PubMed ]
25. Frishberg Y, Rinat C, Shalata A, Khatib I, Feinstein S, Becker-Cohen R, Weismann I, Wanders RJ, Rumsby G, Roels F, Mandel H: Intra-familial clinical heterogeneity: absence of genotype-phenotype correlation in primary hyperoxaluria type 1 in Israel. Am J Nephrol. 2005 May-Jun;25(3):269-75. Epub 2005 Jun 15. [PubMed ]
26. Coulter-Mackie MB, Lian Q, Applegarth D, Toone J: The major allele of the alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase gene: nine novel mutations and polymorphisms associated with primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Mol Genet Metab. 2005 Sep-Oct;86(1-2):172-8. Epub 2005 Jun 15. [PubMed ]

1. SubName: Glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase, isoform CRA_b
2. SubName: cDNA, FLJ96788, Homo sapiens glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase(GRHPR), mRNA

MRPVRLMKVFVTRRIPAEGRVALARAADCEVEQWDSDEPIPAKELERGVAGAHGLLCLLS
DHVDKRILDAAGANLKVISTMSVGIDHLALDEIKKRGIRVGYTPDVLTDTTAELAVSLLL
TTCRRLPEAIEEVKNGGWTSWKPLWLCGYGLTQSTVGIIGLGRIGQAIARRLKPFGVQRF
LYTGRQPRPEEAAEFQAEFVSTPELAAQSDFIVVACSLTPATEGLCNKDFFQKMKETAVF
INISRGDVVNQDDLYQALASGKIAAAGLDVTSPEPLPTNHPLLTLKNCVILPHIGSATHR
TRNTMSLLAANNLLAGLRGEPMPSELKL

• 2-Hacid_dh (PF00389 )
• 2-Hacid_dh_C (PF02826 )

• None

• None

ATGAGACCGGTGCGACTCATGAAGGTGTTCGTCACCCGCAGGATACCCGCCGAGGGTAGG
GTCGCGCTCGCCCGGGCGGCAGACTGTGAGGTGGAGCAGTGGGACTCGGATGAGCCCATC
CCTGCCAAGGAGCTAGAGCGAGGTGTGGCGGGGGCCCACGGCCTGCTCTGCCTCCTCTCC
GACCACGTGGACAAGAGGATCCTGGATGCTGCAGGGGCCAATCTCAAAGTCATCAGCACC
ATGTCTGTGGGCATCGACCACTTGGCTTTGGATGAAATCAAGAAGCGTGGGATCCGAGTT
GGCTACACCCCAGATGTCCTGACAGATACCACCGCCGAACTCGCAGTCTCCCTGCTACTT
ACCACCTGCCGCCGGTTGCCGGAGGCCATCGAGGAAGTGAAGAATGGTGGCTGGACCTCG
TGGAAGCCCCTCTGGCTGTGTGGCTATGGACTCACGCAGAGCACTGTCGGCATCATCGGG
CTGGGGCGCATAGGCCAGGCCATTGCTCGGCGTCTGAAACCATTCGGTGTCCAGAGATTT
CTGTACACAGGGCGCCAGCCCAGGCCTGAGGAAGCAGCGGAATTCCAGGCAGAGTTTGTG
TCTACCCCTGAGCTGGCTGCCCAATCTGATTTCATCGTCGTGGCCTGCTCCTTAACACCT
GCAACCGAGGGACTCTGCAACAAGGACTTCTTCCAGAAGATGAAGGAAACAGCTGTGTTC
ATCAACATCAGCAGGGGCGACGTCGTAAACCAGGACGACCTGTACCAGGCCTTGGCCAGT
GGTAAGATTGCAGCTGCTGGACTGGATGTGACGAGCCCAGAACCACTGCCTACAAACCAC
CCTCTCCTGACCCTGAAGAACTGTGTGATTCTGCCCCACATTGGCAGTGCCACCCACAGA
ACCCGCAACACCATGTCCTTGTTGGCAGCTAACAACTTGCTGGCTGGCCTGAGAGGGGAG
CCGATGCCTAGTGAACTCAAGCTGTAG

1. Venter JC, Adams MD, Myers EW, Li PW, Mural RJ, Sutton GG, Smith HO, Yandell M, Evans CA, Holt RA, Gocayne JD, Amanatides P, Ballew RM, Huson DH, Wortman JR, Zhang Q, Kodira CD, Zheng XH, Chen L, Skupski M, Subramanian G, Thomas PD, Zhang J, Gabor Miklos GL, Nelson C, Broder S, Clark AG, Nadeau J, McKusick VA, Zinder N, Levine AJ, Roberts RJ, Simon M, Slayman C, Hunkapiller M, Bolanos R, Delcher A, Dew I, Fasulo D, Flanigan M, Florea L, Halpern A, Hannenhalli S, Kravitz S, Levy S, Mobarry C, Reinert K, Remington K, Abu-Threideh J, Beasley E, Biddick K, Bonazzi V, Brandon R, Cargill M, Chandramouliswaran I, Charlab R, Chaturvedi K, Deng Z, Di Francesco V, Dunn P, Eilbeck K, Evangelista C, Gabrielian AE, Gan W, Ge W, Gong F, Gu Z, Guan P, Heiman TJ, Higgins ME, Ji RR, Ke Z, Ketchum KA, Lai Z, Lei Y, Li Z, Li J, Liang Y, Lin X, Lu F, Merkulov GV, Milshina N, Moore HM, Naik AK, Narayan VA, Neelam B, Nusskern D, Rusch DB, Salzberg S, Shao W, Shue B, Sun J, Wang Z, Wang A, Wang X, Wang J, Wei M, Wides R, Xiao C, Yan C, Yao A, Ye J, Zhan M, Zhang W, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Zheng L, Zhong F, Zhong W, Zhu S, Zhao S, Gilbert D, Baumhueter S, Spier G, Carter C, Cravchik A, Woodage T, Ali F, An H, Awe A, Baldwin D, Baden H, Barnstead M, Barrow I, Beeson K, Busam D, Carver A, Center A, Cheng ML, Curry L, Danaher S, Davenport L, Desilets R, Dietz S, Dodson K, Doup L, Ferriera S, Garg N, Gluecksmann A, Hart B, Haynes J, Haynes C, Heiner C, Hladun S, Hostin D, Houck J, Howland T, Ibegwam C, Johnson J, Kalush F, Kline L, Koduru S, Love A, Mann F, May D, McCawley S, McIntosh T, McMullen I, Moy M, Moy L, Murphy B, Nelson K, Pfannkoch C, Pratts E, Puri V, Qureshi H, Reardon M, Rodriguez R, Rogers YH, Romblad D, Ruhfel B, Scott R, Sitter C, Smallwood M, Stewart E, Strong R, Suh E, Thomas R, Tint NN, Tse S, Vech C, Wang G, Wetter J, Williams S, Williams M, Windsor S, Winn-Deen E, Wolfe K, Zaveri J, Zaveri K, Abril JF, Guigo R, Campbell MJ, Sjolander KV, Karlak B, Kejariwal A, Mi H, Lazareva B, Hatton T, Narechania A, Diemer K, Muruganujan A, Guo N, Sato S, Bafna V, Istrail S, Lippert R, Schwartz R, Walenz B, Yooseph S, Allen D, Basu A, Baxendale J, Blick L, Caminha M, Carnes-Stine J, Caulk P, Chiang YH, Coyne M, Dahlke C, Mays A, Dombroski M, Donnelly M, Ely D, Esparham S, Fosler C, Gire H, Glanowski S, Glasser K, Glodek A, Gorokhov M, Graham K, Gropman B, Harris M, Heil J, Henderson S, Hoover J, Jennings D, Jordan C, Jordan J, Kasha J, Kagan L, Kraft C, Levitsky A, Lewis M, Liu X, Lopez J, Ma D, Majoros W, McDaniel J, Murphy S, Newman M, Nguyen T, Nguyen N, Nodell M, Pan S, Peck J, Peterson M, Rowe W, Sanders R, Scott J, Simpson M, Smith T, Sprague A, Stockwell T, Turner R, Venter E, Wang M, Wen M, Wu D, Wu M, Xia A, Zandieh A, Zhu X: The sequence of the human genome. Science. 2001 Feb 16;291(5507):1304-51. [PubMed ]

1. Hydroxyacid oxidase 2
2. Long chain, isoform CRA_b

MSLVCLTDFQAHAREQLSKSTRDFIEGGADDSITRDDNIAAFKRIRLRPRYLRDVSEVDT
RTTIQGEEISAPICIAPTGFHCLVWPDGEMSTARAAQAAGICYITSTFASCSLEDIVIAA
PEGLRWFQLYVHPDLQLNKQLIQRVESLGFKALVITLDTPVCGNRRHDIRNQLRRNLTLT
DLQSPKKGNAIPYFQMTPISTSLCWNDLSWFQSITRLPIILKGILTKEDAELAVKHNVQG
IIVSNHGGRQLDEVLASIDALTEVVAAVKGKIEVYLDGGVRTGNDVLKALALGAKCIFLG
RPILWGLACKGEHGVKEVLNILTNEFHTSMALTGCRSVAEINRNLVQFSRL

• FMN_dh (PF01070 )

• None

• None

1. SubName: cDNA FLJ78493, highly similar to Homo sapiens hydroxyacid oxidase (glycolate oxidase) 1 (HAO1), mRNA
2. SubName: cDNA, FLJ94465, Homo sapiens hydroxyacid oxidase (glycolate oxidase) 1 (HAO1),mRNA

MLPRLICINDYEQHAKSVLPKSIYDYYRSGANDEETLADNIAAFSRWKLYPRMLRNVAET
DLSTSVLGQRVSMPICVGATAMQRMAHVDGELATVRACQSLGTGMMLSSWATSSIEEVAE
AGPEALRWLQLYIYKDREVTKKLVRQAEKMGYKAIFVTVDTPYLGNRLDDVRNRFKLPPQ
LRMKNFETSTLSFSPEENFGDDSGLAAYVAKAIDPSISWEDIKWLRRLTSLPIVAKGILR
GDDAREAVKHGLNGILVSNHGARQLDGVPATIDVLPEIVEAVEGKVEVFLDGGVRKGTDV
LKALALGAKAVFVGRPIVWGLAFQGEKGVQDVLEILKEEFRLAMALSGCQNVKVIDKTLV
RKNPLAVSKI

• FMN_dh (PF01070 )

• None

• None

ATGCTCCCCCGGCTAATTTGTATCAATGATTATGAACAACATGCTAAATCAGTACTTCCA
AAGTCTATATATGACTATTACAGGTCTGGGGCAAATGATGAAGAAACTTTGGCTGATAAT
ATTGCAGCATTTTCCAGATGGAAGCTGTATCCAAGGATGCTCCGGAATGTTGCTGAAACA
GATCTGTCGACTTCTGTTTTAGGACAGAGGGTCAGCATGCCAATATGTGTGGGGGCTACG
GCCATGCAGCGCATGGCTCATGTGGACGGCGAGCTTGCCACTGTGAGAGCCTGTCAGTCC
CTGGGAACGGGCATGATGTTGAGTTCCTGGGCCACCTCCTCAATTGAAGAAGTGGCGGAA
GCTGGTCCTGAGGCACTTCGTTGGCTGCAACTGTATATCTACAAGGACCGAGAAGTCACC
AAGAAGCTAGTGCGGCAGGCAGAGAAGATGGGCTACAAGGCCATATTTGTGACAGTGGAC
ACACCTTACCTGGGCAACCGTCTGGATGATGTGCGTAACAGATTCAAACTGCCGCCACAA
CTCAGGATGAAAAATTTTGAAACCAGTACTTTATCATTTTCTCCTGAGGAAAATTTTGGA
GACGACAGTGGACTTGCTGCATATGTGGCTAAAGCAATAGACCCATCTATCAGCTGGGAA
GATATCAAATGGCTGAGAAGACTGACATCATTGCCAATTGTTGCAAAGGGCATTTTGAGA
GGTGATGATGCCAGGGAGGCTGTTAAACATGGCTTGAATGGGATCTTGGTGTCGAATCAT
GGGGCTCGACAACTCGATGGGGTGCCAGCCACTATTGATGTTCTGCCAGAAATTGTGGAG
GCTGTGGAAGGGAAGGTGGAAGTCTTCCTGGACGGGGGTGTGCGGAAAGGCACTGATGTT
CTGAAAGCTCTGGCTCTTGGCGCCAAGGCTGTGTTTGTGGGGAGACCAATCGTTTGGGGC
TTAGCTTTCCAGGGGGAGAAAGGTGTTCAAGATGTCCTCGAGATACTAAAGGAAGAATTC
CGGTTGGCCATGGCTCTGAGTGGGTGCCAGAATGTGAAAGTCATCGACAAGACATTGGTG
AGGAAAAATCCTTTGGCCGTTTCCAAGATCTGA

1. Venter JC, Adams MD, Myers EW, Li PW, Mural RJ, Sutton GG, Smith HO, Yandell M, Evans CA, Holt RA, Gocayne JD, Amanatides P, Ballew RM, Huson DH, Wortman JR, Zhang Q, Kodira CD, Zheng XH, Chen L, Skupski M, Subramanian G, Thomas PD, Zhang J, Gabor Miklos GL, Nelson C, Broder S, Clark AG, Nadeau J, McKusick VA, Zinder N, Levine AJ, Roberts RJ, Simon M, Slayman C, Hunkapiller M, Bolanos R, Delcher A, Dew I, Fasulo D, Flanigan M, Florea L, Halpern A, Hannenhalli S, Kravitz S, Levy S, Mobarry C, Reinert K, Remington K, Abu-Threideh J, Beasley E, Biddick K, Bonazzi V, Brandon R, Cargill M, Chandramouliswaran I, Charlab R, Chaturvedi K, Deng Z, Di Francesco V, Dunn P, Eilbeck K, Evangelista C, Gabrielian AE, Gan W, Ge W, Gong F, Gu Z, Guan P, Heiman TJ, Higgins ME, Ji RR, Ke Z, Ketchum KA, Lai Z, Lei Y, Li Z, Li J, Liang Y, Lin X, Lu F, Merkulov GV, Milshina N, Moore HM, Naik AK, Narayan VA, Neelam B, Nusskern D, Rusch DB, Salzberg S, Shao W, Shue B, Sun J, Wang Z, Wang A, Wang X, Wang J, Wei M, Wides R, Xiao C, Yan C, Yao A, Ye J, Zhan M, Zhang W, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Zheng L, Zhong F, Zhong W, Zhu S, Zhao S, Gilbert D, Baumhueter S, Spier G, Carter C, Cravchik A, Woodage T, Ali F, An H, Awe A, Baldwin D, Baden H, Barnstead M, Barrow I, Beeson K, Busam D, Carver A, Center A, Cheng ML, Curry L, Danaher S, Davenport L, Desilets R, Dietz S, Dodson K, Doup L, Ferriera S, Garg N, Gluecksmann A, Hart B, Haynes J, Haynes C, Heiner C, Hladun S, Hostin D, Houck J, Howland T, Ibegwam C, Johnson J, Kalush F, Kline L, Koduru S, Love A, Mann F, May D, McCawley S, McIntosh T, McMullen I, Moy M, Moy L, Murphy B, Nelson K, Pfannkoch C, Pratts E, Puri V, Qureshi H, Reardon M, Rodriguez R, Rogers YH, Romblad D, Ruhfel B, Scott R, Sitter C, Smallwood M, Stewart E, Strong R, Suh E, Thomas R, Tint NN, Tse S, Vech C, Wang G, Wetter J, Williams S, Williams M, Windsor S, Winn-Deen E, Wolfe K, Zaveri J, Zaveri K, Abril JF, Guigo R, Campbell MJ, Sjolander KV, Karlak B, Kejariwal A, Mi H, Lazareva B, Hatton T, Narechania A, Diemer K, Muruganujan A, Guo N, Sato S, Bafna V, Istrail S, Lippert R, Schwartz R, Walenz B, Yooseph S, Allen D, Basu A, Baxendale J, Blick L, Caminha M, Carnes-Stine J, Caulk P, Chiang YH, Coyne M, Dahlke C, Mays A, Dombroski M, Donnelly M, Ely D, Esparham S, Fosler C, Gire H, Glanowski S, Glasser K, Glodek A, Gorokhov M, Graham K, Gropman B, Harris M, Heil J, Henderson S, Hoover J, Jennings D, Jordan C, Jordan J, Kasha J, Kagan L, Kraft C, Levitsky A, Lewis M, Liu X, Lopez J, Ma D, Majoros W, McDaniel J, Murphy S, Newman M, Nguyen T, Nguyen N, Nodell M, Pan S, Peck J, Peterson M, Rowe W, Sanders R, Scott J, Simpson M, Smith T, Sprague A, Stockwell T, Turner R, Venter E, Wang M, Wen M, Wu D, Wu M, Xia A, Zandieh A, Zhu X: The sequence of the human genome. Science. 2001 Feb 16;291(5507):1304-51. [PubMed ]

MRVVVIGAGVIGLSTALCIHERYHSVLQPLDIKVYADRFTPLTTTDVAAGLWQPYLSDPN
NPQEADWSQQTFDYLLSHVHSPNAENLGLFLISGYNLFHEAIPDPSWKDTVLGFRKLTPR
ELDMFPDYGYGWFHTSLILEGKNYLQWLTERLTERGVKFFQRKVESFEEVAREGADVIVN
CTGVWAGALQRDPLLQPGRGQIMKVDAPWMKHFILTHDPERGIYNSPYIIPGTQTVTLGG
IFQLGNWSELNNIQDHNTIWEGCCRLEPTLKNARIIGERTGFRPVRPQIRLEREQLRTGP
SNTEVIHNYGHGGYGLTIHWGCALEAAKLFGRILEEKKLSRMPPSHL

• DAO (PF01266 )

• None

• None