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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:49 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:40 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0014576
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB14576
Metabolite Identification
Common NameTrifluridine
DescriptionTrifluridine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antiviral derivative of thymidine used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to herpes simplex virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557)The mechanism of action of trifluridine has not been fully determined, but appears to involve the inhibition of viral replication. Trifluridine does this by incorporating into viral DNA during replication, which leads to the formation of defective proteins and an increased mutation rate. This drug also reversibly inhibits thymidylate synthetase, an enzyme that is necessary for DNA synthesis.
Structure
Data?1582753195
Synonyms
ValueSource
5-(Trifluoromethyl)deoxyuridineChEBI
5-Trifluoromethyl-2-deoxyuridineChEBI
TrifluoromethyldeoxyuridineChEBI
TrifluorothymidineChEBI
Trifluorothymine deoxyribosideChEBI
TrifluridinaChEBI
TrifluridinumChEBI
ViropticChEBI
Elcon brand OF trifluridineHMDB
ViromidinHMDB
5-Trifluoromethyl-2'-deoxyuridineHMDB
Allergan brand OF trifluridineHMDB
Mann brand OF trifluridineHMDB
Monarch brand OF trifluridineHMDB
Tramedico brand OF trifluridineHMDB
TrifluoridineHMDB
2'-Deoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)uridineHMDB
5 Trifluoromethyl 2' deoxyuridineHMDB
TFT OphtioleHMDB
TriflumannHMDB
VirophtaHMDB
Chemical FormulaC10H11F3N2O5
Average Molecular Weight296.1999
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight296.062006087
IUPAC Name1-[(2R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-2,4-dione
Traditional Nametrifluridine
CAS Registry Number70-00-8
SMILES
OC[C@H]1O[C@H](C[C@@H]1O)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C(F)(F)F
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C10H11F3N2O5/c11-10(12,13)4-2-15(9(19)14-8(4)18)7-1-5(17)6(3-16)20-7/h2,5-7,16-17H,1,3H2,(H,14,18,19)/t5-,6+,7+/m0/s1
InChI KeyVSQQQLOSPVPRAZ-RRKCRQDMSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides. Pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides are compounds consisting of a pyrimidine linked to a ribose which lacks a hydroxyl group at position 2.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassNucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues
ClassPyrimidine nucleosides
Sub ClassPyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides
Direct ParentPyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside
  • Pyrimidone
  • Hydroxypyrimidine
  • Hydropyrimidine
  • Pyrimidine
  • Tetrahydrofuran
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Oxacycle
  • Azacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Alcohol
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organofluoride
  • Organohalogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Alkyl halide
  • Alkyl fluoride
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point186 - 189 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility6.69 g/LNot Available
LogP-0.7Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility6.69 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.45ALOGPS
logP-0.75ChemAxon
logS-1.6ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)7.6ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area99.1 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count3ChemAxon
Refractivity56.34 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability23.07 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+168.09230932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-165.69630932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-199.34630932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+174.31330932474
AllCCS[M+H]+162.532859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+159.132859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+165.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+166.632859911
AllCCS[M-H]-158.632859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-158.332859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-158.132859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
TrifluridineOC[C@H]1O[C@H](C[C@@H]1O)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C(F)(F)F2493.9Standard polar33892256
TrifluridineOC[C@H]1O[C@H](C[C@@H]1O)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C(F)(F)F1929.4Standard non polar33892256
TrifluridineOC[C@H]1O[C@H](C[C@@H]1O)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C(F)(F)F2274.5Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Trifluridine,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=C(C(F)(F)F)C(=O)[NH]C2=O)C[C@@H]1O2033.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Trifluridine,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1C[C@H](N2C=C(C(F)(F)F)C(=O)[NH]C2=O)O[C@@H]1CO2068.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Trifluridine,1TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)N1C(=O)C(C(F)(F)F)=CN([C@H]2C[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)C1=O2160.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Trifluridine,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=C(C(F)(F)F)C(=O)[NH]C2=O)C[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C2082.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Trifluridine,2TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=C(C(F)(F)F)C(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)C2=O)C[C@@H]1O2206.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Trifluridine,2TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1C[C@H](N2C=C(C(F)(F)F)C(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)C2=O)O[C@@H]1CO2226.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Trifluridine,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=C(C(F)(F)F)C(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)C2=O)C[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C2208.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Trifluridine,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=C(C(F)(F)F)C(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)C2=O)C[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C2342.0Standard non polar33892256
Trifluridine,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=C(C(F)(F)F)C(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)C2=O)C[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C2242.7Standard polar33892256
Trifluridine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=C(C(F)(F)F)C(=O)[NH]C2=O)C[C@@H]1O2280.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Trifluridine,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1C[C@H](N2C=C(C(F)(F)F)C(=O)[NH]C2=O)O[C@@H]1CO2301.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Trifluridine,1TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C(=O)C(C(F)(F)F)=CN([C@H]2C[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)C1=O2372.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Trifluridine,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=C(C(F)(F)F)C(=O)[NH]C2=O)C[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2548.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Trifluridine,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=C(C(F)(F)F)C(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C2=O)C[C@@H]1O2624.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Trifluridine,2TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1C[C@H](N2C=C(C(F)(F)F)C(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C2=O)O[C@@H]1CO2637.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Trifluridine,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=C(C(F)(F)F)C(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C2=O)C[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2858.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Trifluridine,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=C(C(F)(F)F)C(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C2=O)C[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2940.3Standard non polar33892256
Trifluridine,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=C(C(F)(F)F)C(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C2=O)C[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2551.1Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Trifluridine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-002f-9070000000-5b0bc8f23d4e751439392017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Trifluridine GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0v70-9845200000-37084cd9faa19fab8cdd2017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Trifluridine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Trifluridine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0900000000-98b3bdac019c141f7f2b2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Trifluridine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0910000000-88c39b37d01c15092d5b2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Trifluridine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001r-1900000000-6af805305211581c822e2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Trifluridine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0w2a-1490000000-06d5a9ab5df20c1120302016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Trifluridine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a6r-0790000000-aca1588a5498c0e361722016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Trifluridine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-5900000000-3142b258f9393903ca542016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Trifluridine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-002b-0090000000-9941fbdce182b1697ae32021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Trifluridine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0ufr-1920000000-0b7d290fcb81239751b52021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Trifluridine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9500000000-c59f899250e30f03cf632021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Trifluridine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-0290000000-d2c6f13535b38e719f662021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Trifluridine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0910000000-2f204a289423b2c2048d2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Trifluridine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-053r-2960000000-d74ea6cb75e5abd92cdb2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00432 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00432 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00432
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID6020
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkTrifluridine
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound6256
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID75179
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Overman MJ, Kopetz S, Varadhachary G, Fukushima M, Kuwata K, Mita A, Wolff RA, Hoff P, Xiong H, Abbruzzese JL: Phase I clinical study of three times a day oral administration of TAS-102 in patients with solid tumors. Cancer Invest. 2008 Oct;26(8):794-9. doi: 10.1080/07357900802087242. [PubMed:18798063 ]
  2. Hong DS, Abbruzzese JL, Bogaard K, Lassere Y, Fukushima M, Mita A, Kuwata K, Hoff PM: Phase I study to determine the safety and pharmacokinetics of oral administration of TAS-102 in patients with solid tumors. Cancer. 2006 Sep 15;107(6):1383-90. [PubMed:16902987 ]
  3. Temmink OH, Prins HJ, van Gelderop E, Peters GJ: The Hollow Fibre Assay as a model for in vivo pharmacodynamics of fluoropyrimidines in colon cancer cells. Br J Cancer. 2007 Jan 15;96(1):61-6. Epub 2006 Dec 19. [PubMed:17179993 ]
  4. O'Brien WJ, Taylor JL: Therapeutic response of herpes simplex virus-induced corneal edema to trifluridine in combination with immunosuppressive agents. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1991 Aug;32(9):2455-61. [PubMed:1907950 ]
  5. Kuster P, Taravella M, Gelinas M, Stepp P: Delivery of trifluridine to human cornea and aqueous using collagen shields. CLAO J. 1998 Apr;24(2):122-4. [PubMed:9571274 ]
  6. Costin D, Dogaru M, Popa AS, Cijevschi I: [Trifluridine therapy in herpetic in keratitis]. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi. 2004 Apr-Jun;108(2):409-12. [PubMed:15688823 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Nucleotide transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
TK1
Uniprot ID:
P04183
Molecular weight:
25468.455
References
  1. Temmink OH, Comijn EM, Fukushima M, Peters GJ: Intracellular thymidylate synthase inhibition by trifluorothymidine in FM3A cells. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2004 Oct;23(8-9):1491-4. [PubMed:15571283 ]
  2. Shintani M, Urano M, Takakuwa Y, Kuroda M, Kamoshida S: Immunohistochemical characterization of pyrimidine synthetic enzymes, thymidine kinase-1 and thymidylate synthase, in various types of cancer. Oncol Rep. 2010 May;23(5):1345-50. [PubMed:20372850 ]
  3. Emura T, Nakagawa F, Fujioka A, Ohshimo H, Yokogawa T, Okabe H, Kitazato K: An optimal dosing schedule for a novel combination antimetabolite, TAS-102, based on its intracellular metabolism and its incorporation into DNA. Int J Mol Med. 2004 Feb;13(2):249-55. [PubMed:14719131 ]
  4. Emura T, Nakagawa F, Fujioka A, Ohshimo H, Kitazato K: Thymidine kinase and thymidine phosphorylase level as the main predictive parameter for sensitivity to TAS-102 in a mouse model. Oncol Rep. 2004 Feb;11(2):381-7. [PubMed:14719072 ]
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups
Specific function:
May have a role in maintaining the integrity of the blood vessels. Has growth promoting activity on endothelial cells, angiogenic activity in vivo and chemotactic activity on endothelial cells in vitro. Catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of thymidine. The produced molecules are then utilized as carbon and energy sources or in the rescue of pyrimidine bases for nucleotide synthesis.
Gene Name:
TYMP
Uniprot ID:
P19971
Molecular weight:
49954.965
References
  1. Temmink OH, Comijn EM, Fukushima M, Peters GJ: Intracellular thymidylate synthase inhibition by trifluorothymidine in FM3A cells. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2004 Oct;23(8-9):1491-4. [PubMed:15571283 ]
  2. Emura T, Nakagawa F, Fujioka A, Ohshimo H, Kitazato K: Thymidine kinase and thymidine phosphorylase level as the main predictive parameter for sensitivity to TAS-102 in a mouse model. Oncol Rep. 2004 Feb;11(2):381-7. [PubMed:14719072 ]
  3. Overman MJ, Kopetz S, Varadhachary G, Fukushima M, Kuwata K, Mita A, Wolff RA, Hoff P, Xiong H, Abbruzzese JL: Phase I clinical study of three times a day oral administration of TAS-102 in patients with solid tumors. Cancer Invest. 2008 Oct;26(8):794-9. doi: 10.1080/07357900802087242. [PubMed:18798063 ]
  4. Hong DS, Abbruzzese JL, Bogaard K, Lassere Y, Fukushima M, Mita A, Kuwata K, Hoff PM: Phase I study to determine the safety and pharmacokinetics of oral administration of TAS-102 in patients with solid tumors. Cancer. 2006 Sep 15;107(6):1383-90. [PubMed:16902987 ]
  5. Temmink OH, Prins HJ, van Gelderop E, Peters GJ: The Hollow Fibre Assay as a model for in vivo pharmacodynamics of fluoropyrimidines in colon cancer cells. Br J Cancer. 2007 Jan 15;96(1):61-6. Epub 2006 Dec 19. [PubMed:17179993 ]
  6. Bassler R, Buchwald W: [Experimental inflammation and fibrosis of the lung framework caused by ionizing rays. Light and electron microscopic studies]. Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Nuklearmed. 1966 Feb;104(2):192-206. [PubMed:6010427 ]
General function:
Involved in thymidylate synthase activity
Specific function:
Contributes to the de novo mitochondrial thymidylate biosynthesis pathway.
Gene Name:
TYMS
Uniprot ID:
P04818
Molecular weight:
35715.65
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
  2. De Clercq E: Antiviral drugs in current clinical use. J Clin Virol. 2004 Jun;30(2):115-33. [PubMed:15125867 ]
  3. Bijnsdorp IV, Kruyt FA, Fukushima M, Smid K, Gokoel S, Peters GJ: Molecular mechanism underlying the synergistic interaction between trifluorothymidine and the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor erlotinib in human colorectal cancer cell lines. Cancer Sci. 2010 Feb;101(2):440-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01375.x. Epub 2009 Sep 29. [PubMed:19886911 ]
  4. Bijnsdorp IV, Peters GJ, Temmink OH, Fukushima M, Kruyt FA: Differential activation of cell death and autophagy results in an increased cytotoxic potential for trifluorothymidine compared to 5-fluorouracil in colon cancer cells. Int J Cancer. 2010 May 15;126(10):2457-68. doi: 10.1002/ijc.24943. [PubMed:19816940 ]
  5. Bijnsdorp IV, Kruyt FA, Fukushima M, Peters GJ: Trifluorothymidine induces cell death independently of p53. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2008 Jun;27(6):699-703. doi: 10.1080/15257770802145017. [PubMed:18600528 ]
  6. Madeira VM, Antunes-Madeira MC: Chemical composition of sarcolemma isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1973 Mar 16;298(2):230-8. [PubMed:4719131 ]
  7. Temmink OH, Hoogeland MF, Fukushima M, Peters GJ: Low folate conditions may enhance the interaction of trifluorothymidine with antifolates in colon cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2006 Jan;57(2):171-9. Epub 2005 Jul 12. [PubMed:16010590 ]
  8. Oberg B, Johansson NG: The relative merits and drawbacks of new nucleoside analogues with clinical potential. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1984 Aug;14 Suppl A:5-26. [PubMed:6436227 ]
  9. Temmink OH, Comijn EM, Fukushima M, Peters GJ: Intracellular thymidylate synthase inhibition by trifluorothymidine in FM3A cells. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2004 Oct;23(8-9):1491-4. [PubMed:15571283 ]
  10. Shintani M, Urano M, Takakuwa Y, Kuroda M, Kamoshida S: Immunohistochemical characterization of pyrimidine synthetic enzymes, thymidine kinase-1 and thymidylate synthase, in various types of cancer. Oncol Rep. 2010 May;23(5):1345-50. [PubMed:20372850 ]
  11. Emura T, Nakagawa F, Fujioka A, Ohshimo H, Kitazato K: Thymidine kinase and thymidine phosphorylase level as the main predictive parameter for sensitivity to TAS-102 in a mouse model. Oncol Rep. 2004 Feb;11(2):381-7. [PubMed:14719072 ]
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Transporters

General function:
Involved in ion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:
Involved in the renal elimination of endogenous and exogenous organic anions. Functions as organic anion exchanger when the uptake of one molecule of organic anion is coupled with an efflux of one molecule of endogenous dicarboxylic acid (glutarate, ketoglutarate, etc). Mediates the sodium-independent uptake of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS). Mediates the sodium-independent uptake of p- aminohippurate (PAH), ochratoxin (OTA), acyclovir (ACV), 3'-azido- 3-'deoxythymidine (AZT), cimetidine (CMD), 2,4-dichloro- phenoxyacetate (2,4-D), hippurate (HA), indoleacetate (IA), indoxyl sulfate (IS) and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2- furanpropionate (CMPF), cidofovir, adefovir, 9-(2- phosphonylmethoxyethyl) guanine (PMEG), 9-(2- phosphonylmethoxyethyl) diaminopurine (PMEDAP) and edaravone sulfate. PAH uptake is inhibited by p- chloromercuribenzenesulphonate (PCMBS), diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC), sulindac, diclofenac, carprofen, glutarate and okadaic acid. PAH uptake is inhibited by benzothiazolylcysteine (BTC), S-chlorotrifluoroethylcysteine (CTFC), cysteine S-conjugates S-dichlorovinylcysteine (DCVC), furosemide, steviol, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), calcium ionophore A23187, benzylpenicillin, furosemide, indomethacin, bumetamide, losartan, probenecid, phenol red, urate, and alpha-ketoglutarate
Gene Name:
SLC22A6
Uniprot ID:
Q4U2R8
Molecular weight:
61815.8
References
  1. Wada S, Tsuda M, Sekine T, Cha SH, Kimura M, Kanai Y, Endou H: Rat multispecific organic anion transporter 1 (rOAT1) transports zidovudine, acyclovir, and other antiviral nucleoside analogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Sep;294(3):844-9. [PubMed:10945832 ]