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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for Gluconolactone (HMDB00150)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 15:48:42
Update Date 2009-10-21 11:08:57
Accession Number HMDB00150
Secondary Accession Numbers Not Available
Common Name Gluconolactone
Description A lactone or oxidized derivative of glucose. Gluconolactone is a polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that is capable of chelating metals and may also function by scavenging free radicals, thereby protecting skin from some of the damaging effects of UV radiation. Also used as a pheromone by the oriental cockroach.
Synonyms
  1. 1,5-Gluconolactone
  2. 3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
  3. Beta-Glucono-1,5-Lactone
  4. D(+)-Gluconic acid gamma-lactone
  5. D-(+)-Gluconic acid d-lactone
  6. D-(+)-Gluconic acid-delta lactone
  7. D-Gluconic acid 1,5-lactone
  8. D-Gluconic acid d-lactone
  9. D-Gluconic acid delta-lactone
  10. D-Gluconic acid lactone
  11. D-Gluconic acid-1,5-lactone
  12. D-Glucono-1,5-lactone
  13. D-Glucono-d-lactone
  14. D-Gluconolactone
  15. Fujiglucon
  16. Glucarolactone
  17. Gluconic acid lactone
  18. Gluconic lactone
  19. Glucono 1,5-lactone
  20. Glucono delta lactone
  21. Glucono gamma-lactone
  22. Gluconolactone
  23. d-Aldonolactone
  24. delta-Gluconolactone
  25. gamma-Gluconolactone
  26. delta-(+)-Gluconic acid d-lactone
  27. delta-(+)-Gluconic acid-delta lactone
  28. delta-Gluconic acid 1,5-lactone
  29. delta-Gluconic acid d-lactone
  30. delta-Gluconic acid delta-lactone
  31. delta-Gluconic acid lactone
  32. delta-Gluconic acid-1,5-lactone
  33. delta-Glucono-1,5-lactone
  34. delta-Glucono-delta-lactone
  35. delta-Aldonolactone
Chemical IUPAC Name 3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-one
Chemical Formula C6H10O6
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Carbohydrates and Carbohydrate conjugates
Class
  • Carbohydrates
Sub Class
  • Monosaccharides
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • primary alcohol
  • secondary alcohol
  • 1,2-diol
  • carboxylic acid ester
  • lactone
  • heterocyclic compound
Biofunction
Application
Source
  • Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight 178.140
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 178.047745
Isomeric SMILES OC[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O
Canonical SMILES OCC1OC(=O)C(O)C(O)C1O
KEGG Compound ID C00198 Link Image
BioCyc ID GLC-D-LACTONE Link Image
BiGG ID Not Available
Wikipedia Link Gluconolactone Link Image
NuGOwiki Link HMDB00150 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB00150 Link Image
METLIN ID 353 Link Image
PubChem Compound 7027 Link Image
PubChem Substance 7888635 Link Image
ChEBI ID 16217 Link Image
CAS Registry Number 90-80-2
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C6H10O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-5,7-10H,1H2/t2-,3-,4+,5-/m1/s1
Synthesis Reference Chu, Lijia. Technology for industrial production of d-gluconolactone. Shipin Kexue (Beijing, China) (1985), 66 13-14.
Melting Point (Experimental) 151-155 oC
Experimental Water Solubility 590.0 mg/mL [MERCK INDEX (1996)] Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 586.0 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge 0
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity -2.16 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; -1.8 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP]; -1.98 [MEYLAN,WM & HOWARD,PH (1995)] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
MOL File Show Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Varian)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Bruker)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Bruker)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum
Low Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Medium Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
High Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
BMRB Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Cellular Location
  • Cytoplasm
Biofluid Location
  • Blood
Tissue Location Not Available
Concentrations (Normal) Not Available
Concentrations (Abnormal)
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.5 (0.0-1.0) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Prostate cancer
Comments Estimated concentration
References
  • Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. [PubMed Link Image]
Associated Disorders
Condition References
Prostate cancer
  • Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. [PubMed Link Image]
OMIM ID
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Pentose Phosphate Pathway SMP00031 Link Image map00030 Link Image
General References
  1. Rakotomanga S, Baillet A, Pellerin F, Baylocq-Ferrier D: Simultaneous determination of gluconolactone, galactonolactone and galactitol in urine by reversed-phase liquid chromatography: application to galactosemia. J Chromatogr. 1991 Oct 4;570(2):277-84. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Harkness RA, Purkiss P, Duffy S, Chalmers RA, Jones M: The effects of fetal energy depletion on amniotic fluid concentrations of amino acids, organic acids and related metabolites. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1988;11(1):103-13. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Hunt MJ, Barnetson RS: A comparative study of gluconolactone versus benzoyl peroxide in the treatment of acne. Australas J Dermatol. 1992;33(3):131-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Steinberg KK, Needham LL: A comparison of two methods for quantifying D-glucaric acid. J Anal Toxicol. 1986 Jul-Aug;10(4):139-41. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Friedrich T, Strohdeicher M, Hofhaus G, Preis D, Sahm H, Weiss H: The same domain motif for ubiquinone reduction in mitochondrial or chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase and bacterial glucose dehydrogenase. FEBS Lett. 1990 Jun 4;265(1-2):37-40. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Puri RN, Zhou FX, Colman RF, Colman RW: Plasmin-induced platelet aggregation is accompanied by cleavage of aggregin and indirectly mediated by calpain. Am J Physiol. 1990 Dec;259(6 Pt 1):C862-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. van Weely S, Brandsma M, Strijland A, Tager JM, Aerts JM: Demonstration of the existence of a second, non-lysosomal glucocerebrosidase that is not deficient in Gaucher disease. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Mar 24;1181(1):55-62. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. MacNeil ML, Steinberg KK, Yeager PR, Smith SJ: A semiautomated procedure for urinary D-glucaric acid using a centrifugal analyzer. J Anal Toxicol. 1986 Jan-Feb;10(1):15-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Wikipedia Link Image
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. 6-phosphogluconolactonase
  2. Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase
  3. GDH/6PGL endoplasmic bifunctional protein
  4. Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form
  5. Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form
  6. Glycogen phosphorylase, brain form
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 5563
Enzyme 1 Name 6-phosphogluconolactonase
Enzyme 1 Synonyms
  1. 6PGL
Enzyme 1 Gene Name PGLS
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >6-phosphogluconolactonase
MAAPAPGLISVFSSSQELGAALAQLVAQRAACCLAGARARFALGLSGGSLVSMLARELPA
AVAPAGPASLARWTLGFCDERLVPFDHAESTYGLYRTHLLSRLPIPESQVITINPELPVE
EAAEDYAKKLRQAFQGDSIPVFDLLILGVGPDGHTCSLFPDHPLLQEREKIVAPISDSPK
PPPQRVTLTLPVLNAARTVIFVATGEGKAAVLKRILEDQEENPLPAALVQPHTGKLCWFL
DEAAARLLTVPFEKHSTL
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 258
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 27546.5
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 5.95
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • 6-phosphogluconolactonase activity
  • carboxylesterase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
Process
  • alcohol metabolic process
  • carbohydrate metabolic process
  • glucose catabolic process
  • glucose metabolic process
  • hexose metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • monosaccharide metabolic process
  • pentose-phosphate shunt
  • primary metabolic process
  • small molecule metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 1 General Function Involved in 6-phosphogluconolactonase activity
Enzyme 1 Specific Function Hydrolysis of 6-phosphogluconolactone to 6- phosphogluconate
Enzyme 1 Pathways
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • 6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O = 6-phospho-D-gluconate [RN:R02035]
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function Not Available
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 6912586 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O95336 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name 6PGL_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >777 bp
ATGGCCGCGCCGGCCCCGGGCCTCATCTCGGTGTTCTCGAGTTCCCAGGAGCTGGGTGCG
GCGCTAGCGCAGCTGGTGGCCCAGCGCGCAGCATGCTGCCTGGCAGGGGCCCGCGCCCGT
TTCGCGCTCGGCCTGTCGGGCGGGAGCCTCGTCTCGATGCTAGCCCGCGAGCTACCCGCC
GCCGTCGCCCCTGCCGGGCCAGCTAGCTTAGCGCGCTGGACGCTGGGCTTCTGCGACGAG
CGCCTCGTGCCCTTCGATCACGCCGAGAGCACGTACGGCCTCTACCGGACGCATCTTCTC
TCCAGACTGCCGATCCCAGAAAGCCAGGTGATCACCATTAACCCCGAGCTGCCTGTGGAG
GAGGCGGCTGAGGACTACGCCAAGAAGCTGAGACAGGCATTCCAAGGGGACTCCATCCCG
GTTTTCGACCTGCTGATCCTGGGGGTGGGCCCCGATGGTCACACCTGCTCACTCTTCCCA
GACCACCCCCTCCTACAGGAGCGGGAGAAGATTGTGGCTCCCATCAGTGACTCCCCGAAG
CCACCGCCACAGCGTGTGACCCTCACACTACCTGTCCTGAATGCAGCACGAACTGTCATC
TTTGTGGCAACTGGAGAAGGCAAGGCAGCTGTTCTGAAGCGCATTTTGGAGGACCAGGAG
GAAAACCCGCTGCCCGCCGCCCTGGTCCAGCCCCACACCGGGAAACTGTGCTGGTTCTTG
GACGAGGCGGCCGCCCGCCTCCTGACCGTGCCCTTCGAGAAGCATTCCACTTTGTAG
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID NM_012088.2 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID PGLS Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID PGLS Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:8903 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 1 Locus 19p13.2
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Collard F, Collet JF, Gerin I, Veiga-da-Cunha M, Van Schaftingen E: Identification of the cDNA encoding human 6-phosphogluconolactonase, the enzyme catalyzing the second step of the pentose phosphate pathway(1). FEBS Lett. 1999 Oct 8;459(2):223-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 5564
Enzyme 2 Name Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase
Enzyme 2 Synonyms
  1. G6PD
Enzyme 2 Gene Name G6PD
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase
MAEQVALSRTQVCGILREELFQGDAFHQSDTHIFIIMGASGDLAKKKIYPTIWWLFRDGL
LPENTFIVGYARSRLTVADIRKQSEPFFKATPEEKLKLEDFFARNSYVAGQYDDAASYQR
LNSHMNALHLGSQANRLFYLALPPTVYEAVTKNIHESCMSQIGWNRIIVEKPFGRDLQSS
DRLSNHISSLFREDQIYRIDHYLGKEMVQNLMVLRFANRIFGPIWNRDNIACVILTFKEP
FGTEGRGGYFDEFGIIRDVMQNHLLQMLCLVAMEKPASTNSDDVRDEKVKVLKCISEVQA
NNVVLGQYVGNPDGEGEATKGYLDDPTVPRGSTTATFAAVVLYVENERWDGVPFILRCGK
ALNERKAEVRLQFHDVAGDIFHQQCKRNELVIRVQPNEAVYTKMMTKKPGMFFNPEESEL
DLTYGNRYKNVKLPDAYERLILDVFCGSQMHFVRSDELREAWRIFTPLLHQIELEKPKPI
PYIYGSRGPTEADELMKRVGFQYEGTYKWVNPHKL
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 515
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 59256.3
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 6.84
Enzyme 2 GO Classification
Function
  • NADP or NADPH binding
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
  • nucleotide binding
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
Process
  • alcohol metabolic process
  • glucose metabolic process
  • hexose metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • monosaccharide metabolic process
  • oxidation reduction
  • small molecule metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 2 General Function Involved in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
Enzyme 2 Specific Function Produces pentose sugars for nucleic acid synthesis and main producer of NADPH reducing power
Enzyme 2 Pathways
Enzyme 2 Reactions
  • D-glucose 6-phosphate + NADP+ = D-glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R00835]
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein 31543 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P11413 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name G6PD_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID 1QKI Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB File Show
Enzyme 2 3D Structure
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence >1548 bp
ATGGCAGAGCAGGTGGCCCTGAGCCGGACCCACGTGTGCGGGATCCTGCGGGAAGAGCTT
TTCCAGGGCGATGCCTTCCATCAGTCGGATACACACATATTCATCATCATGGGTGCATCG
GGTGACCTGGCCAAGAAGAAGATCTACCCCACCATCTGGTGGCTGTTCCGGGATGGCCTT
CTGCCCGAAAACACCTTCATCGTGGGCTATGCCCGTTCCCGCCTCACAGTGGCTGACATC
CGCAAACAGAGTGAGCCCTTCTTCAAGGCCACCCCAGAGGAGAAGCTCAAGCTGGAGGAC
TTCTTTGCCCGCAACTCCTATGTGGCTGGCCAGTACGATGATGCAGCCTCCTACCAGCGC
CTCAACAGCCACATGAATGCCCTCCACCTGGGGTCACAGGCCAACCGCCTCTTCTACCTG
GCCTTGCCCCCGACCGTCTACGAGGCCGTCACCAAGAACATTCACGAGTCCTGCATGAGC
CAGATAGGCTGGAACCGCATCATCGTGGAGAAGCCCTTCGGGAGGGACCTGCAGAGCTCT
GACCGGCTGTCCAACCACATCTCCTCCCTGTTCCGTGAGGACCAGATCTACCGCATCGAC
CACTACCTGGGCAAGGAGATGGTGCAGAACCTCATGGTGCTGAGATTTGCCAACAGGATC
TTCGGCCCCATCTGGAACCGGGACAACATCGCCTGCGTTATCCTCACCTTCAAGGAGCCC
TTTGGCACTGAGGGTCGCGGGGGCTATTTCGATGAATTTGGGATCATCCGGGACGTGATG
CAGAACCACCTACTGCAGATGCTGTGTCTGGTGGCCATGGAGAAGCCCGCCTCCACCAAC
TCAGATGACGTCCGTGATGAGAAGGTCAAGGTGTTGAAATGCATCTCAGAGGTGCAGGCC
AACAATGTGGTCCTGGGCCAGTACGTGGGGAACCCCGATGGAGAGGGCGAGGCCACCAAA
GGGTACCTGGACGACCCCACGGTGCCCCGCGGGTCCACCACCGCCACTTTTGCAGCCGTC
GTCCTCTATGTGGAGAATGAGAGGTGGGATGGGGTGCCCTTCATCCTGCGCTGCGGCAAG
GCCCTGAACGAGCGCAAGGCCGAGGTGAGGCTGCAGTTCCATGATGTGGCCGGCGACATC
TTCCACCAGCAGTGCAAGCGCAACGAGCTGGTGATCCGCGTGCAGCCCAACGAGGCCGTG
TACACCAAGATGATGACCAAGAAGCCGGGCATGTTCTTCAACCCCGAGGAGTCGGAGCTG
GACCTGACCTACGGCAACAGATACAAGAACGTGAAGCTCCCTGACGCCTACGAGCGCCTC
ATCCTGGACGTCTTCTGCGGGAGCCAGATGCACTTCGTGCGCAGCGACGAGCTCCGTGAG
GCCTGGCGTATTTTCACCCCACTGCTGCACCAGATTGAGCTGGAGAAGCCCAAGCCCATC
CCCTATATTTATGGCAGCCGAGGCCCCACGGAGGCAGACGAGCTGATGAAGAGAGTGGGT
TTCCAGTATGAGGGCACCTACAAGTGGGTGAACCCCCACAAGCTCTGA
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID X03674 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID G6PD Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID G6PD Link Image
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID HGNC:4057 Link Image
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References
  1. Persico MG, Viglietto G, Martini G, Toniolo D, Paonessa G, Moscatelli C, Dono R, Vulliamy T, Luzzatto L, D'Urso M: Isolation of human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) cDNA clones: primary structure of the protein and unusual 5' non-coding region. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Mar 25;14(6):2511-22. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Martini G, Toniolo D, Vulliamy T, Luzzatto L, Dono R, Viglietto G, Paonessa G, D'Urso M, Persico MG: Structural analysis of the X-linked gene encoding human glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. EMBO J. 1986 Aug;5(8):1849-55. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Hirono A, Beutler E: Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNA for human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variant A(-). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jun;85(11):3951-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Chen EY, Cheng A, Lee A, Kuang WJ, Hillier L, Green P, Schlessinger D, Ciccodicola A, D'Urso M: Sequence of human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase cloned in plasmids and a yeast artificial chromosome. Genomics. 1991 Jul;10(3):792-800. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Chen EY, Zollo M, Mazzarella R, Ciccodicola A, Chen CN, Zuo L, Heiner C, Burough F, Repetto M, Schlessinger D, D'Urso M: Long-range sequence analysis in Xq28: thirteen known and six candidate genes in 219.4 kb of high GC DNA between the RCP/GCP and G6PD loci. Hum Mol Genet. 1996 May;5(5):659-68. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Ross MT, Grafham DV, Coffey AJ, Scherer S, McLay K, Muzny D, Platzer M, Howell GR, Burrows C, Bird CP, Frankish A, Lovell FL, Howe KL, Ashurst JL, Fulton RS, Sudbrak R, Wen G, Jones MC, Hurles ME, Andrews TD, Scott CE, Searle S, Ramser J, Whittaker A, Deadman R, Carter NP, Hunt SE, Chen R, Cree A, Gunaratne P, Havlak P, Hodgson A, Metzker ML, Richards S, Scott G, Steffen D, Sodergren E, Wheeler DA, Worley KC, Ainscough R, Ambrose KD, Ansari-Lari MA, Aradhya S, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Ballabio A, Banerjee R, Barker GE, Barlow KF, Barrett IP, Bates KN, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Beck A, Bethel G, Blechschmidt K, Brady N, Bray-Allen S, Bridgeman AM, Brown AJ, Brown MJ, Bonnin D, Bruford EA, Buhay C, Burch P, Burford D, Burgess J, Burrill W, Burton J, Bye JM, Carder C, Carrel L, Chako J, Chapman JC, Chavez D, Chen E, Chen G, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chinault C, Ciccodicola A, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Clerc-Blankenburg K, Clifford K, Cobley V, Cole CG, Conquer JS, Corby N, Connor RE, David R, Davies J, Davis C, Davis J, Delgado O, Deshazo D, Dhami P, Ding Y, Dinh H, Dodsworth S, Draper H, Dugan-Rocha S, Dunham A, Dunn M, Durbin KJ, Dutta I, Eades T, Ellwood M, Emery-Cohen A, Errington H, Evans KL, Faulkner L, Francis F, Frankland J, Fraser AE, Galgoczy P, Gilbert J, Gill R, Glockner G, Gregory SG, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Grocock R, Gu Y, Gwilliam R, Hamilton C, Hart EA, Hawes A, Heath PD, Heitmann K, Hennig S, Hernandez J, Hinzmann B, Ho S, Hoffs M, Howden PJ, Huckle EJ, Hume J, Hunt PJ, Hunt AR, Isherwood J, Jacob L, Johnson D, Jones S, de Jong PJ, Joseph SS, Keenan S, Kelly S, Kershaw JK, Khan Z, Kioschis P, Klages S, Knights AJ, Kosiura A, Kovar-Smith C, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leversha M, Lewis L, Liu W, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Loulseged H, Loveland JE, Lovell JD, Lozado R, Lu J, Lyne R, Ma J, Maheshwari M, Matthews LH, McDowall J, McLaren S, McMurray A, Meidl P, Meitinger T, Milne S, Miner G, Mistry SL, Morgan M, Morris S, Muller I, Mullikin JC, Nguyen N, Nordsiek G, Nyakatura G, O'Dell CN, Okwuonu G, Palmer S, Pandian R, Parker D, Parrish J, Pasternak S, Patel D, Pearce AV, Pearson DM, Pelan SE, Perez L, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Reichwald K, Rhodes S, Ridler KA, Schlessinger D, Schueler MG, Sehra HK, Shaw-Smith C, Shen H, Sheridan EM, Shownkeen R, Skuce CD, Smith ML, Sotheran EC, Steingruber HE, Steward CA, Storey R, Swann RM, Swarbreck D, Tabor PE, Taudien S, Taylor T, Teague B, Thomas K, Thorpe A, Timms K, Tracey A, Trevanion S, Tromans AC, d'Urso M, Verduzco D, Villasana D, Waldron L, Wall M, Wang Q, Warren J, Warry GL, Wei X, West A, Whitehead SL, Whiteley MN, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams G, Williams L, Williamson A, Williamson H, Wilming L, Woodmansey RL, Wray PW, Yen J, Zhang J, Zhou J, Zoghbi H, Zorilla S, Buck D, Reinhardt R, Poustka A, Rosenthal A, Lehrach H, Meindl A, Minx PJ, Hillier LW, Willard HF, Wilson RK, Waterston RH, Rice CM, Vaudin M, Coulson A, Nelson DL, Weinstock G, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Gibbs RA, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR: The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome. Nature. 2005 Mar 17;434(7031):325-37. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Kanno H, Huang IY, Kan YW, Yoshida A: Two structural genes on different chromosomes are required for encoding the major subunit of human red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Cell. 1989 Aug 11;58(3):595-606. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Kanno H, Kondoh T, Yoshida A: 5' structure and expression of human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA. DNA Cell Biol. 1993 Apr;12(3):209-15. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Toniolo D, Filippi M, Dono R, Lettieri T, Martini G: The CpG island in the 5' region of the G6PD gene of man and mouse. Gene. 1991 Jun 30;102(2):197-203. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, Van Damme J, Staes A, Thomas GR, Vandekerckhove J: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. Nat Biotechnol. 2003 May;21(5):566-9. Epub 2003 Mar 31. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Chao LT, Du CS, Louie E, Zuo L, Chen E, Lubin B, Chiu DT: A to G substitution identified in exon 2 of the G6PD gene among G6PD deficient Chinese. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Nov 11;19(21):6056. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Saunders MA, Hammer MF, Nachman MW: Nucleotide variability at G6pd and the signature of malarial selection in humans. Genetics. 2002 Dec;162(4):1849-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Takizawa T, Huang IY, Ikuta T, Yoshida A: Human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase: primary structure and cDNA cloning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jun;83(12):4157-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Camardella L, Caruso C, Rutigliano B, Romano M, Di Prisco G, Descalzi-Cancedda F: Human erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Identification of a reactive lysyl residue labelled with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. Eur J Biochem. 1988 Feb 1;171(3):485-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Descalzi-Cancedda F, Caruso C, Romano M, di Prisco G, Camardella L: Amino acid sequence of the carboxy-terminal end of human erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1984 Jan 13;118(1):332-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Hirono A, Beutler E: Alternative splicing of human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase messenger RNA in different tissues. J Clin Invest. 1989 Jan;83(1):343-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Camardella L, Damonte G, Carratore V, Benatti U, Tonetti M, Moneti G: Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase from human erythrocytes: identification of N-acetyl-alanine at the N-terminus of the mature protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Feb 6;207(1):331-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  19. Zhang Y, Wolf-Yadlin A, Ross PL, Pappin DJ, Rush J, Lauffenburger DA, White FM: Time-resolved mass spectrometry of tyrosine phosphorylation sites in the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling network reveals dynamic modules. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2005 Sep;4(9):1240-50. Epub 2005 Jun 11. [PubMed Link Image]
  20. Rush J, Moritz A, Lee KA, Guo A, Goss VL, Spek EJ, Zhang H, Zha XM, Polakiewicz RD, Comb MJ: Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2005 Jan;23(1):94-101. Epub 2004 Dec 12. [PubMed Link Image]
  21. Rikova K, Guo A, Zeng Q, Possemato A, Yu J, Haack H, Nardone J, Lee K, Reeves C, Li Y, Hu Y, Tan Z, Stokes M, Sullivan L, Mitchell J, Wetzel R, Macneill J, Ren JM, Yuan J, Bakalarski CE, Villen J, Kornhauser JM, Smith B, Li D, Zhou X, Gygi SP, Gu TL, Polakiewicz RD, Rush J, Comb MJ: Global survey of phosphotyrosine signaling identifies oncogenic kinases in lung cancer. Cell. 2007 Dec 14;131(6):1190-203. [PubMed Link Image]
  22. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed Link Image]
  23. Heibeck TH, Ding SJ, Opresko LK, Zhao R, Schepmoes AA, Yang F, Tolmachev AV, Monroe ME, Camp DG 2nd, Smith RD, Wiley HS, Qian WJ: An extensive survey of tyrosine phosphorylation revealing new sites in human mammary epithelial cells. J Proteome Res. 2009 Aug;8(8):3852-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  24. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed Link Image]
  25. Au SW, Gover S, Lam VM, Adams MJ: Human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase: the crystal structure reveals a structural NADP(+) molecule and provides insights into enzyme deficiency. Structure. 2000 Mar 15;8(3):293-303. [PubMed Link Image]
  26. Vulliamy T, Beutler E, Luzzatto L: Variants of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are due to missense mutations spread throughout the coding region of the gene. Hum Mutat. 1993;2(3):159-67. [PubMed Link Image]
  27. Kwok CJ, Martin AC, Au SW, Lam VM: G6PDdb, an integrated database of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) mutations. Hum Mutat. 2002 Mar;19(3):217-24. [PubMed Link Image]
  28. Takizawa T, Yoneyama Y, Miwa S, Yoshida A: A single nucleotide base transition is the basis of the common human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variant A (+). Genomics. 1987 Nov;1(3):228-31. [PubMed Link Image]
  29. Vulliamy TJ, D'Urso M, Battistuzzi G, Estrada M, Foulkes NS, Martini G, Calabro V, Poggi V, Giordano R, Town M, et al.: Diverse point mutations in the human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene cause enzyme deficiency and mild or severe hemolytic anemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jul;85(14):5171-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  30. De Vita G, Alcalay M, Sampietro M, Cappelini MD, Fiorelli G, Toniolo D: Two point mutations are responsible for G6PD polymorphism in Sardinia. Am J Hum Genet. 1989 Feb;44(2):233-40. [PubMed Link Image]
  31. Beutler E, Westwood B, Prchal JT, Vaca G, Bartsocas CS, Baronciani L: New glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mutations from various ethnic groups. Blood. 1992 Jul 1;80(1):255-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  32. Filosa S, Calabro V, Vallone D, Poggi V, Mason P, Pagnini D, Alfinito F, Rotoli B, Martini G, Luzzatto L, et al.: Molecular basis of chronic non-spherocytic haemolytic anaemia: a new G6PD variant (393 Arg----His) with abnormal KmG6P and marked in vivo instability. Br J Haematol. 1992 Jan;80(1):111-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  33. Perng LI, Chiou SS, Liu TC, Chang JG: A novel C to T substitution at nucleotide 1360 of cDNA which abolishes a natural Hha I site accounts for a new G6PD deficiency gene in Chinese. Hum Mol Genet. 1992 Jun;1(3):205. [PubMed Link Image]
  34. Ahluwalia A, Corcoran CM, Vulliamy TJ, Ishwad CS, Naidu JM, Argusti A, Stevens DJ, Mason PJ, Luzzatto L: G6PD Kalyan and G6PD Kerala; two deficient variants in India caused by the same 317 Glu-->Lys mutation. Hum Mol Genet. 1992 Jun;1(3):209-10. [PubMed Link Image]
  35. Nafa K, Reghis A, Osmani N, Baghli L, Benabadji M, Kaplan JC, Vulliamy TJ, Luzzatto L: G6PD Aures: a new mutation (48 Ile-->Thr) causing mild G6PD deficiency is associated with favism. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Jan;2(1):81-2. [PubMed Link Image]
  36. Hirono A, Miwa S, Fujii H, Ishida F, Yamada K, Kubota K: Molecular study of eight Japanese cases of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency by nonradioisotopic single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Blood. 1994 Jun 1;83(11):3363-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  37. Filosa S, Cai W, Galanello R, Cao A, de Mattia D, Schettini F, Martini G: A novel single-base mutation in the glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene is associated with chronic non-spherocytic haemolytic anaemia. Hum Genet. 1994 Nov;94(5):560-2. [PubMed Link Image]
  38. Ganczakowski M, Town M, Bowden DK, Vulliamy TJ, Kaneko A, Clegg JB, Weatherall DJ, Luzzatto L: Multiple glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient variants correlate with malaria endemicity in the Vanuatu archipelago (southwestern Pacific). Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Jan;56(1):294-301. [PubMed Link Image]
  39. Kaeda JS, Chhotray GP, Ranjit MR, Bautista JM, Reddy PH, Stevens D, Naidu JM, Britt RP, Vulliamy TJ, Luzzatto L, et al.: A new glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variant, G6PD Orissa (44 Ala-->Gly), is the major polymorphic variant in tribal populations in India. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Dec;57(6):1335-41. [PubMed Link Image]
  40. Mason PJ, Sonati MF, MacDonald D, Lanza C, Busutil D, Town M, Corcoran CM, Kaeda JS, Stevens DJ, al-Ismail S, et al.: New glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mutations associated with chronic anemia. Blood. 1995 Mar 1;85(5):1377-80. [PubMed Link Image]
  41. Vlachos A, Westwood B, Lipton JM, Beutler E: G6PD Mount Sinai: a new severe hemolytic variant characterized by dual mutations at nucleotides 376G and 1159T (N126D). Hum Mutat. 1998;Suppl 1:S154-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  42. Galanello R, Loi D, Sollaino C, Dessi S, Cao A, Melis MA: A new glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase variant G6PD Sinnai (34 G-->T). Mutations in brief no. 156. Online. Hum Mutat. 1998;12(1):72-3. [PubMed Link Image]
  43. Iancovici-Kidon M, Sthoeger D, Abrahamov A, Wolach B, Beutler E, Gelbart T, Barak Y: A new exon 9 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mutation (G6PD "Rehovot") in a Jewish Ethiopian family with variable phenotypes. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2000 Dec;26(6):567-71. [PubMed Link Image]
  44. Louicharoen C, Patin E, Paul R, Nuchprayoon I, Witoonpanich B, Peerapittayamongkol C, Casademont I, Sura T, Laird NM, Singhasivanon P, Quintana-Murci L, Sakuntabhai A: Positively selected G6PD-Mahidol mutation reduces Plasmodium vivax density in Southeast Asians. Science. 2009 Dec 11;326(5959):1546-9. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 3 [top]
Enzyme 3 ID 5565
Enzyme 3 Name GDH/6PGL endoplasmic bifunctional protein
Enzyme 3 Synonyms
  1. Glucose 1-dehydrogenase
  2. Hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
  3. 6-phosphogluconolactonase
  4. 6PGL
Enzyme 3 Gene Name H6PD
Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence >GDH/6PGL endoplasmic bifunctional protein
MWNMLIVAMCLALLGCLQAQELQGHVSIILLGATGDLAKKYLWQGLFQLYLDEAGRGHSF
SFHGAALTAPKQGQELMAKALESLSCPKDMAPSHCAEHKDQFLQLSQYRQLKTAEDYQAL
NKDIEAQLQHAGLREAGRIFYFSVPPFAYEDIARNINSSCRPGPGAWLRVVLEKPFGHDH
FSAQQLATELGTFFQEEEMYRVDHYLGKQAVAQILPFRDQNRKALDGLWNRHHVERVEII
MKETVDAEGRTSFYEEYGVIRDVLQNHLTEVLTLVAMELPHNVSSAEAVLRHKLQVFQAL
RGLQRGSAVVGQYQSYSEQVRRELQKPDSFHSLTPTFAAVLVHIDNLRWEGVPFILMSGK
ALDERVGYARILFKNQACCVQSEKHWAAAQSQCLPRQLVFHIGHGDLGSPAVLVSRNLFR
PSLPSSWKEMEGPPGLRLFGSPLSDYYAYSPVRERDAHSVLLSHIFHGRKNFFITTENLL
ASWNFWTPLLESLAHKAPRLYPGGAENGRLLDFEFSSGRLFFSQQQPEQLVPGPGPAPMP
SDFQVLRAKYRESPLVSAWSEELISKLANDIEATAVRAVRRFGQFHLALSGGSSPVALFQ
QLATAHYGFPWAHTHLWLVDERCVPLSDPESNFQGLQAHLLQHVRIPYYNIHPMPVHLQQ
RLCAEEDQGAQIYAREISALVANSSFDLVLLGMGADGHTASLFPQSPTGLDGEQLVVLTT
SPSQPHRRMSLSLPLINRAKKVAVLVMGRMKREITTLVSRVGHEPKKWPISGVLPHSGQL
VWYMDYDAFLG
Enzyme 3 Number of Residues 791
Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight 88892.0
Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI 7.31
Enzyme 3 GO Classification
Function
  • 6-phosphogluconolactonase activity
  • NADP or NADPH binding
  • binding
  • carboxylesterase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
  • nucleotide binding
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
Process
  • alcohol metabolic process
  • carbohydrate metabolic process
  • glucose catabolic process
  • glucose metabolic process
  • hexose metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • monosaccharide metabolic process
  • oxidation reduction
  • pentose-phosphate shunt
  • primary metabolic process
  • small molecule metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 3 General Function Involved in 6-phosphogluconolactonase activity
Enzyme 3 Specific Function Oxidizes glucose-6-phosphate and glucose, as well as other hexose-6-phosphates
Enzyme 3 Pathways
Enzyme 3 Reactions
  • 6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O = 6-phospho-D-gluconate [RN:R02035]
Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 3 Signals
  • 1-19
Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 3 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein 4186038 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O95479 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name G6PE_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence >2376 bp
ATGTGGAATATGCTCATAGTGGCGATGTGCTTGGCCCTTCTGGGCTGCCTGCAAGCCCAG
GAGCTCCAGGGACATGTCTCCATAATCCTGCTGGGAGCAACTGGGGACCTGGCTAAGAAG
TACTTATGGCAGGGACTGTTCCAGCTGTACCTGGATGAAGCGGGGAGGGGTCACAGTTTT
AGCTTCCATGGAGCTGCTCTGACAGCCCCCAAGCAGGGTCAAGAGCTCATGGCCAAGGCC
CTGGAATCCCTCTCCTGCCCCAAGGACATGGCACCCAGTCACTGTGCAGAGCACAAGGAT
CAGTTCCTGCAGCTGAGCCAGTACCGCCAACTGAAGACGGCCGAGGACTATCAGGCCCTG
AACAAGGACATCGAGGCACAGCTCCAGCACGCAGGCCTCCGGGAGGCTGGCAGGATCTTC
TACTTCTCAGTGCCACCCTTCGCCTATGAAGACATTGCCCGCAACATCAACAGTAGCTGC
CGGCCAGGCCCGGGCGCCTGGCTGCGGGTTGTCCTTGAGAAACCCTTTGGCCATGACCAC
TTCTCAGCCCAGCAGCTGGCCACAGAACTCGGGACCTTTTTCCAGGAGGAGGAGATGTAC
CGGGTGGACCATTACTTAGGCAAGCAGGCTGTGGCGCAGATCCTGCCTTTCCGAGACCAG
AACCGCAAGGCTTTGGACGGCCTCTGGAACCGGCACCATGTGGAGCGGGTGGAGATCATC
ATGAAAGAGACCGTGGATGCTGAAGGCCGCACCAGCTTCTATGAGGAGTACGGTGTCATT
CGCGACGTCCTCCAGAACCATCTGACGGAGGTCCTCACCCTCGTGGCCATGGAGCTGCCC
CACAATGTCAGCAGTGCGGAGGCTGTGCTGCGGCACAAGCTTCAGGTCTTCCAGGCGCTG
CGGGGCCTGCAGAGGGGCAGTGCCGTCGTGGGCCAGTACCAGTCTTACAGTGAGCAGGTG
CGCAGAGAGCTGCAGAAGCCAGACAGCTTCCACAGCCTGACGCCGACCTTCGCAGGTGTC
CTAGTGCACATTGACAACCTTCGCTGGGAGGGCGTGCCTTTCATCCTGATGTCTGGCAAA
GCCTTGGACGAGAGAGTGGGCTACGCTCGGATCTTGTTCAAGAACCAGGCCTGCTGTGTG
CAGAGCGAAAAGCACTGGGCCGCGGCGCAGAGCCAGTGCCTGCCCCGGCAGCTCGTCTTC
CACATCGGCCATGGCGACCTGGGCAGCCCTGCCGTGCTGGTCAGCAGGAACCTGTTCAGG
CCCTCCCTGCCCTCCAGCTGGAAGGAAATGGAGGGACCACCTGGGCTCCGCCTTTTCGGC
AGCCCTCTGTCCGATTACTACGCCTACAGCCCTGTGCGGGAGCGGGACGCCCACTCCGTC
CTCTTATCCCATATCTTCCATGGCCGGAAGAATTTCTTCATCACCACAGAGAACTTGCTG
GCCTCCTGGAACTTCTGGACCCCTCTGCTGGAGAGCCTGGCCCATAAGGCCCCACGCCTC
TACCCTGGAGGAGCTGAGAATGGCCGTCTGTTGGACTTTGAGTTCAGTAGCGGCCGGTTG
TTCTTTTCCCAGCAGCAGCCGGAGCAGCTGGTGCCAGGGCCAGGGCCGGCCCCAATGCCC
AGTGACTTCCAGGTCCTCAGGGCCAAGTACCGAGAGAGCCCGCTGGTCTCCGCCTGGTCC
GAGGAGCTGATCTCTAAGCTGGCTAATGACATCGAGGCCACCGCTGTGCGAGCCGTGCGG
CGCTTTGGCCAGTTCCACCTGGCACTGTCGGGGGGCTCGAGCCCCGTGGCCCTGTTCCAG
CAGCTGGCCACGGCGCACTATGGCTTCCCCTGGGCCCACACGCACCTGTGGCTGGTTGAC
GAGCGCTGCGTCCCACTCTCAGACCCGGAGTCCAACTTCCAGGGCCTGCAGGCCCACCTG
CTGCAGCACGTCCGGATCCCCTACTACAACATCCACCCCATGCCTGTGCACCTGCAGCAG
CGGCTCTGCGCCGAGGAGGACCAGGGCGCCCAGATCTATGCCAGGGAGATCTCAGCCCTG
GTGGCCAACAGCAGCTTCGACCTGGTGCTGCTGGGCATGGGTGCCGACGGGCACACAGCC
TCCCTCTTCCCACAGTCACCCACTGGCCTGGATGGCGAGCAGCTGGTCGTGCTGACCACG
AGCCCCTCCCAGCCACACCGCCGCATGAGCCTTAGCCTGCCTCTCATCAACCGCGCCAAG
AAGGTGGCAGTCCTGGTCATGGGCAGGATGAAGCGTGAGATCACCACGCTGGTGAGCCGG
GTGGGCCATGAGCCCAAGAAGTGGCCCATCTCGGGTGTCCTGCCGCACTCCGGCCAGCTG
GTGTGGTACATGGACTACGACGCCTTCCTGGGATGA
Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID AJ012590 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID H6PD Link Image
Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID H6PD Link Image
Enzyme 3 HGNC ID HGNC:4795 Link Image
Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 3 Locus 1p36
Enzyme 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 3 General References
  1. Mason PJ, Stevens D, Diez A, Knight SW, Scopes DA, Vulliamy TJ: Human hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (glucose 1-dehydrogenase) encoded at 1p36: coding sequence and expression. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 1999 Feb;25(1):30-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Bechtel S, Rosenfelder H, Duda A, Schmidt CP, Ernst U, Wellenreuther R, Mehrle A, Schuster C, Bahr A, Blocker H, Heubner D, Hoerlein A, Michel G, Wedler H, Kohrer K, Ottenwalder B, Poustka A, Wiemann S, Schupp I: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium. BMC Genomics. 2007 Oct 31;8:399. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Wang Y, Du D, Fang L, Yang G, Zhang C, Zeng R, Ullrich A, Lottspeich F, Chen Z: Tyrosine phosphorylated Par3 regulates epithelial tight junction assembly promoted by EGFR signaling. EMBO J. 2006 Nov 1;25(21):5058-70. Epub 2006 Oct 19. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Chen R, Jiang X, Sun D, Han G, Wang F, Ye M, Wang L, Zou H: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry. J Proteome Res. 2009 Feb;8(2):651-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Draper N, Walker EA, Bujalska IJ, Tomlinson JW, Chalder SM, Arlt W, Lavery GG, Bedendo O, Ray DW, Laing I, Malunowicz E, White PC, Hewison M, Mason PJ, Connell JM, Shackleton CH, Stewart PM: Mutations in the genes encoding 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase interact to cause cortisone reductase deficiency. Nat Genet. 2003 Aug;34(4):434-9. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 3 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 4 [top]
Enzyme 4 ID 5606
Enzyme 4 Name Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form
Enzyme 4 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 4 Gene Name PYGL
Enzyme 4 Protein Sequence >Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form
MAKPLTDQEKRRQISIRGIVGVENVAELKKSFNRHLHFTLVKDRNVATTRDYYFALAHTV
RDHLVGRWIRTQQHYYDKCPKRVYYLSLEFYMGRTLQNTMINLGLQNACDEAIYQLGLDI
EELEEIEEDAGLGNGGLGRLAACFLDSMATLGLAAYGYGIRYEYGIFNQKIRDGWQVEEA
DDWLRYGNPWEKSRPEFMLPVHFYGKVEHTNTGTKWIDTQVVLALPYDTPVPGYMNNTVN
TMRLWSARAPNDFNLRDFNVGDYIQAVLDRNLAENISRVLYPNDNFFEGKELRLKQEYFV
VAATLQDIIRRFKASKFGSTRGAGTVFDAFPDQVAIQLNDTHPALAIPELMRIFVDIEKL
PWSKAWELTQKTFAYTNHTVLPEALERWPVDLVEKLLPRHLEIIYEINQKHLDRIVALFP
KDVDRLRRMSLIEEEGSKRINMAHLCIVGSHAVNGVAKIHSDIVKTKVFKDFSELEPDKF
QNKTNGITPRRWLLLCNPGLAELIAEKIGEDYVKDLSQLTKLHSFLGDDVFLRELAKVKQ
ENKLKFSQFLETEYKVKINPSSMFDVQVKRIHEYKRQLLNCLHVITMYNRIKKDPKKLFV
PRTVIIGGKAAPGYHMAKMIIKLITSVADVVNNDPMVGSKLKVIFLENYRVSLAEKVIPA
TDLSEQISTAGTEASGTGNMKFMLNGALTIGTMDGANVEMAEEAGEENLFIFGMRIDDVA
ALDKKGYEAKEYYEALPELKLVIDQIDNGFFSPKQPDLFKDIINMLFYHDRFKVFADYEA
YVKCQDKVSQLYMNPKAWNTMVLKNIAASGKFSSDRTIKEYAQNIWNVEPSDLKISLSNE
SNKVNGN
Enzyme 4 Number of Residues 847
Enzyme 4 Molecular Weight 97147.8
Enzyme 4 Theoretical pI 7.17
Enzyme 4 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cofactor binding
  • phosphorylase activity
  • pyridoxal phosphate binding
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups
  • transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Process
  • carbohydrate metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • primary metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 4 General Function Involved in phosphorylase activity
Enzyme 4 Specific Function Phosphorylase is an important allosteric enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Enzymes from different sources differ in their regulatory mechanisms and in their natural substrates. However, all known phosphorylases share catalytic and structural properties
Enzyme 4 Pathways
Enzyme 4 Reactions
  • [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate = [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate [RN:R01821 R06050]
Enzyme 4 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 4 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 4 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 4 GenBank ID Protein 183353 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P06737 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PYGL_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 4 PDB ID 1L7X Link Image
Enzyme 4 PDB File Show
Enzyme 4 3D Structure
Enzyme 4 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 4 Gene Sequence >2544 bp
ATGGGCGAACCGCTGACAGACCAGGAGAAGCGGCGGCAGATCAGCATCCGCGGCATCGTG
GGCGTGGAGAACGTGGCAGAGCTGAAGAAGAGTTTCAACCGGCACCTGCACTTCACGCTG
GTCAAGGACCGCAACGTGGCCACCACCCGCGACTACTACTTCGCGCTGGCGCACACGGTG
CGGGACCACCTGGTGGGGCGCTGGATCCGCACGCAGCAGCACTACTACGACAAGTGCCCC
AAGAGGGAATATTACCTCTCTCTGGAATTTTACATGGGCCGAACATTACAGAACACCATG
ATCAACCTCGGTCTGCAAAATGCCTGTGATGAGGCCATTTACCAGCTTGGATTGGATATA
GAAGAGTTAGAAGAAATTGAAGAAGATGCTGGACTTGGCAATGGTGGTCTTGGGAGACTT
GCTGCCTGCTTCTTGGATTCCATGGCAACCCTGGGACTTGCAGCCTATGGATACGGCATT
CGGTATGAATATGGGATTTTCAATCAGAAGATCCGAGATGGATGGCAGGTAGAAGAAGCA
GATGATTGGCTCAGATATGGAAACCCTTGGGAGAAGTCCCGCCCAGAATTCATGCTGCCT
GTGCACTTCTATGGAAAAGTAGAACACACCAACACCGGGACCAAGTGGATTGACACTCAA
GTGGTCCTGGCTCTGCCATATGACACCCCCGAGCCCGGCTACATGAATAACACTGTCAAC
ACCATGCGCCTCTGGTCTGCTCGGGCACCAAATGACTTTAACCTCAGAGACTTTAATGTT
GGAGACTACATTCAGGCTGTGCTGGACCGAAACCTGGCCGAGAACATCTCCCGGGTCCTC
TATCCCAATGACAATTTTTTTGAAGGGAAGGAGCTAAGATTGAAGCAGGAATACTTTGTG
GTGGCTGCAACCTTGCAAGATATCATCCGCCGTTTCAAAGCCTCCAAGTTTGGCTCCACC
CGTGGTCAAGGAACTGTGTTTGATGCCTTCCCGGATCAGGTGGCCATCCAGCTGAATGAT
ACTCACCCTCGCATCGCGATCCCTGAGCTGATGAGGATTTTTGTGGATATTGAAAAACTG
CCCTGGTCCAAGGCATGGGAGCTCAACCAGAAGACCTTCGCCTACACCAACCACACAGTG
CTCCCGGAAGCCCTGGAGCGCTGGCCCGTGGACCTGGTGGAGAAGCTGCTCCCTCGACAT
TTGGAAATCATTTATGAGATAAATCAGAAGCATTTAGATAGAATTGTGGCCTTGTTTCCT
AAAGATGTGGACCCTCTGAGAAGGATGTCTCTGATAGAAGAGGAAGGAAGCAAAAGGATC
AACATGGCCCATCTCTGCATTGTCGGTTCCCATGCTGTGAATGGCGTGGCTAAAATCCAC
TCAGACATCGTGAAGACTAAAGTATTCAAGGACTTCAGTGAGCTAGAACCTGACAAGTTT
CAGAATAAAACCAATGGGATCACTCCAAGGCGCTGGCTCCTACTCTGCAACCCAGGACTT
GCAGAGCTCATAGCAGAGAAAATTGGAGAAGACTATGTGAAAGACCTGAGCCAGCTGACG
AAGCTCCACAGCTTCCTGGGTGATGATGTCTTCCTCCGGGAACTCGCCAAGGTGAAGCAG
GAGAATAAGCTGAAGTTTTCTCAGTTCCTGGAGACGGAGTACAAAGTGAAGATCAACCCA
TCCTCCATGTTTGATGTCCAGGTGAAGAGGATACATGAGTACAAGCGACAGCTCTTGAAC
TGTCTGCATGTGATCACGATGTACAACCGCATTAAGAAAGACCCTAAGAAGTTATTCGTG
CCAAGGACAGTTATCATTGGTGGTAAAGCTGCCCCAGGATATCACATGGCCAAAATGATC
ATAAAGCTGATCACTTCAGTGGCAGATGTGGTGAACAATGACCCTATGGTTGGAAGCAAG
TTGAAAGTCATCTTCTTGGAGAACTACAGAGTATCTCTTGCTGAAAAAGTCATTCCAGCC
ACAGATCTGTCAGAGCAGATTTCCACTGCAGGCACCGAAGCCTCGGGGACAGGCAATATG
AAGTTCATGCTAAATGGGGCCCTAACTATCGGGACCATGGATGGGGCCAATGTGGAAATG
GCAGAAGAAGCTGGGGAAGAGAACCTGTTCATCTTTGGCATGAGCATAGATGATGTGGCT
GCTTTGGACAAGAAAGGGTACGAGGCAAAAGAATACTATGAGGCACTTCCAGAGCTGAAG
CTGGTCATTGATCAAATTGACAATGGCTTTTTTTCTCCCAAGCAGCCTGACCTCTTCAAA
GATATCATCAACATGCTATTTTATCATGACAGGTTTAAAGTCTTTGCAGACTACGAAGCC
TATGTCAAGTGTCAAGATAAAGTGAGTCAGCTGTACATGAATCCAAAGGCCTGGAACACA
ATGGTACTCAAAAACATAGCTGCCTCGGGGAAATTCTCCAGTGACCGAACAATTAAAGAA
TATGCCCAAAACATCTGGAACGTGGAACCTTCAGATCTAAAGATTTCTCTATCCAATGAA
TCTAACAAAGTCAATGGAAATTGA
Enzyme 4 GenBank Gene ID M14636 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GeneCard ID PYGL Link Image
Enzyme 4 GenAtlas ID PYGL Link Image
Enzyme 4 HGNC ID HGNC:9725 Link Image
Enzyme 4 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 4 Locus 14q21-q22
Enzyme 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 4 General References
  1. Newgard CB, Nakano K, Hwang PK, Fletterick RJ: Sequence analysis of the cDNA encoding human liver glycogen phosphorylase reveals tissue-specific codon usage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Nov;83(21):8132-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Chang S, Rosenberg MJ, Morton H, Francomano CA, Biesecker LG: Identification of a mutation in liver glycogen phosphorylase in glycogen storage disease type VI. Hum Mol Genet. 1998 May;7(5):865-70. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Burwinkel B, Bakker HD, Herschkovitz E, Moses SW, Shin YS, Kilimann MW: Mutations in the liver glycogen phosphorylase gene (PYGL) underlying glycogenosis type VI. Am J Hum Genet. 1998 Apr;62(4):785-91. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Heilig R, Eckenberg R, Petit JL, Fonknechten N, Da Silva C, Cattolico L, Levy M, Barbe V, de Berardinis V, Ureta-Vidal A, Pelletier E, Vico V, Anthouard V, Rowen L, Madan A, Qin S, Sun H, Du H, Pepin K, Artiguenave F, Robert C, Cruaud C, Bruls T, Jaillon O, Friedlander L, Samson G, Brottier P, Cure S, Segurens B, Aniere F, Samain S, Crespeau H, Abbasi N, Aiach N, Boscus D, Dickhoff R, Dors M, Dubois I, Friedman C, Gouyvenoux M, James R, Madan A, Mairey-Estrada B, Mangenot S, Martins N, Menard M, Oztas S, Ratcliffe A, Shaffer T, Trask B, Vacherie B, Bellemere C, Belser C, Besnard-Gonnet M, Bartol-Mavel D, Boutard M, Briez-Silla S, Combette S, Dufosse-Laurent V, Ferron C, Lechaplais C, Louesse C, Muselet D, Magdelenat G, Pateau E, Petit E, Sirvain-Trukniewicz P, Trybou A, Vega-Czarny N, Bataille E, Bluet E, Bordelais I, Dubois M, Dumont C, Guerin T, Haffray S, Hammadi R, Muanga J, Pellouin V, Robert D, Wunderle E, Gauguet G, Roy A, Sainte-Marthe L, Verdier J, Verdier-Discala C, Hillier L, Fulton L, McPherson J, Matsuda F, Wilson R, Scarpelli C, Gyapay G, Wincker P, Saurin W, Quetier F, Waterston R, Hood L, Weissenbach J: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 14. Nature. 2003 Feb 6;421(6923):601-7. Epub 2003 Jan 1. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Gorin FA, Mullinax RL, Ignacio PC, Neve RL, Kurnit DM: McArdle's & Hers' diseases: glycogen phosphorylase transcriptional expression in human tissues. J Neurogenet. 1987 Dec;4(6):293-308. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Rikova K, Guo A, Zeng Q, Possemato A, Yu J, Haack H, Nardone J, Lee K, Reeves C, Li Y, Hu Y, Tan Z, Stokes M, Sullivan L, Mitchell J, Wetzel R, Macneill J, Ren JM, Yuan J, Bakalarski CE, Villen J, Kornhauser JM, Smith B, Li D, Zhou X, Gygi SP, Gu TL, Polakiewicz RD, Rush J, Comb MJ: Global survey of phosphotyrosine signaling identifies oncogenic kinases in lung cancer. Cell. 2007 Dec 14;131(6):1190-203. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Rath VL, Ammirati M, Danley DE, Ekstrom JL, Gibbs EM, Hynes TR, Mathiowetz AM, McPherson RK, Olson TV, Treadway JL, Hoover DJ: Human liver glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors bind at a new allosteric site. Chem Biol. 2000 Sep;7(9):677-82. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Rath VL, Ammirati M, LeMotte PK, Fennell KF, Mansour MN, Danley DE, Hynes TR, Schulte GK, Wasilko DJ, Pandit J: Activation of human liver glycogen phosphorylase by alteration of the secondary structure and packing of the catalytic core. Mol Cell. 2000 Jul;6(1):139-48. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Ekstrom JL, Pauly TA, Carty MD, Soeller WC, Culp J, Danley DE, Hoover DJ, Treadway JL, Gibbs EM, Fletterick RJ, Day YS, Myszka DG, Rath VL: Structure-activity analysis of the purine binding site of human liver glycogen phosphorylase. Chem Biol. 2002 Aug;9(8):915-24. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 4 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 5 [top]
Enzyme 5 ID 5610
Enzyme 5 Name Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form
Enzyme 5 Synonyms
  1. Myophosphorylase
Enzyme 5 Gene Name PYGM
Enzyme 5 Protein Sequence >Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form
MSRPLSDQEKRKQISVRGLAGVENVTELKKNFNRHLHFTLVKDRNVATPRDYYFALAHTV
RDHLVGRWIRTQQHYYEKDPKRIYYLSLEFYMGRTLQNTMVNLALENACDEATYQLGLDM
EELEEIEEDAGLGNGGLGRLAACFLDSMATLGLAAYGYGIRYEFGIFNQKISGGWQMEEA
DDWLRYGNPWEKARPEFTLPVHFYGHVEHTSQGAKWVDTQVVLAMPYDTPVPGYRNNVVN
TMRLWSAKAPNDFNLKDFNVGGYIQAVLDRNLAENISRVLYPNDNFFEGKELRLKQEYFV
VAATLQDIIRRFKSSKFGCRDPVRTNFDAFPDKVAIQLNDTHPSLAIPELMRILVDLERM
DWDKAWDVTVRTCAYTNHTVLPEALERWPVHLLETLLPRHLQIIYEINQRFLNRVAAAFP
GDVDRLRRMSLVEEGAVKRINMAHLCIAGSHAVNGVARIHSEILKKTIFKDFYELEPHKF
QNKTNGITPRRWLVLCNPGLAEVIAERIGEDFISDLDQLRKLLSFVDDEAFIRDVAKVKQ
ENKLKFAAYLEREYKVHINPNSLFDIQVKRIHEYKRQLLNCLHVITLYNRIKREPNKFFV
PRTVMIGGKAAPGYHMAKMIIRLVTAIGDVVNHDPAVGDRLRVIFLENYRVSLAEKVIPA
ADLSEQISTAGTEASGTGNMKFMLNGALTIGTMDGANVEMAEEAGEENFFIFGMRVEDVD
KLDQRGYNAQEYYDRIPELRQVIEQLSSGFFSPKQPDLFKDIVNMLMHHDRFKVFADYED
YIKCQEKVSALYKNPREWTRMVIRNIATSGKFSSDRTIAQYAREIWGVEPSRQRLPAPDE
AI
Enzyme 5 Number of Residues 842
Enzyme 5 Molecular Weight 97091.3
Enzyme 5 Theoretical pI 7.03
Enzyme 5 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cofactor binding
  • phosphorylase activity
  • pyridoxal phosphate binding
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups
  • transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Process
  • carbohydrate metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • primary metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 5 General Function Involved in phosphorylase activity
Enzyme 5 Specific Function Phosphorylase is an important allosteric enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Enzymes from different sources differ in their regulatory mechanisms and in their natural substrates. However, all known phosphorylases share catalytic and structural properties
Enzyme 5 Pathways
Enzyme 5 Reactions
  • [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate = [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate [RN:R01821 R06050]
Enzyme 5 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 5 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 5 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 5 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 5 GenBank ID Protein 3153910 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P11217 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PYGM_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 5 PDB ID 1XL1 Link Image
Enzyme 5 PDB File Show
Enzyme 5 3D Structure
Enzyme 5 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 5 Gene Sequence >2529 bp
ATGTCCCGGCCCCTGTCAGACCAAGAGAAAAGAAAGCAAATCAGTGTGCGTGGCCTGGCC
GGCGTGGAGAACGTGACTGAGCTGAAAAAGAACTTCAACCGGCACCTGCATTTCACACTC
GTAAAGGACCGCAATGTGGCCACCCCACGAGACTACTACTTTGCTCTGGCCCATACCGTG
CGCGACCACCTCGTGGGGCGCTGGATCCGCACGCAGCAGCACTACTATGAGAAGGACCCC
AAGAGGATCTACTACCTGTCTTTAGAGTTCTATATGGGACGGACGCTACAGAACACCATG
GTGAACCTGGCCTTAGAGAATGCCTGTGACGAGGCCACCTACCAGCTGGGCCTGGACATG
GAGGAGCTGGAGGAAATTGAGGAGGATGCGGGGCTGGGCAACGGGGGCCTGGGCCGGCTG
GCAGCCTGCTTTCTTGACTCCATGGCAACACTGGGCCTGGCCGCCTATGGCTACGGGATT
CGCTATGAGTTTGGGATTTTTAACCAGAAGATCTCCGGGGGCTGGCAGATGGAGGAGGCC
GATGACTGGCTTCGCTACGGCAACCCCTGGGAGAAGGCCCGGCCCGAGTTCACGCTACCT
GTGCACTTCTACGGCCATGTGGAGCACACCAGCCAGGGTGCCAAGTGGGTGGACACACAG
GTGGTACTGGCCATGCCCTACGATACGCCCGTGCCTGGCTATCGCAACAATGTTGTCAAC
ACCATGCGCCTCTGGTCTGCCAAGGCTCCCAATGACTTCAACCTCAAGGACTTCAATGTC
GGTGGCTACATCCAGGCTGTGTTGGACCGAAACCTGGCGGAGAACATCTCTCGTGTCCTG
TACCCCAATGATAATTTCTTCGAAGGGAAGGAGCTGCGGCTGAAGCAGGAGTATTTCGTG
GTGGCTGCCACCCTCCAGGACATCATCCGTCGCTTCAAGTCTTCCAAGTTCGGCTGCCGT
GATCCCGTGCGCACGAACTTCGATGCCTTCCCAGATAAGGTGGCCATCCAGCTCAATGAC
ACCCACCCCTCCCTGGCCATCCCCGAGCTGATGAGGATCCTGGTGGACCTGGAACGGATG
GACTGGGACAAGGCGTGGGATGTGACAGTGAGGACCTGTGCCTACACCAACCACACGGTG
CTGCCCGAGGCCCTGGAGCGCTGGCCGGTGCACCTCTTGGAGACGCTGCTGCCGCGGCAC
CTCCAGATCATCTACGAGATCAACCAGCGCTTCCTCAACCGGGTGGCGGCCGCATTCCCA
GGGGACGTAGACCGGCTGCGGCGCATGTCGCTGGTGGAGGAGGGCGCAGTGAAGCGCATC
AACATGGCACACCTGTGCATCGCGGGGTCGCACGCCGTCAACGGCGTGGCGCGCATCCAC
TCCGAGATCCTCAAGAAGACCATCTTCAAAGACTTCTATGAGCTGGAGCCTCATAAGTTC
CAGAATAAGACCAACGGCATCACCCCTCGGCGCTGGCTGGTTCTGTGTAACCCCGGGCTG
GCAGAGGTCATTGCTGAGCGCATCGGGGAGGACTTCATCTCTGACCTGGACCAGCTGCGC
AAACTGCTCTCCTTTGTGGATGATGAAGCTTTCATTCGGGATGTGGCCAAAGTGAAGCAG
GAAAACAAGTTGAAGTTTGCTGCCTACCTAGAGAGGGAATACAAAGTCCACATCAACCCC
AACTCACTCTTCGACATCCAGGTGAAGCGGATTCACGAATATAAACGACAGCTCCTCAAC
TGCCTCCATGTCATCACCCTGTACAACCGCATCAAGAGGGAGCCCAATAAGTTTTTTGTG
CCTCGGACTGTGATGATTGGAGGGAAGGCTGCACCTGGGTACCACATGGCCAAGATGATC
ATCAGACTCGTCACAGCCATCGGGGATGTGGTCAACCATGACCCGGCAGTGGGTGACCGC
CTCCGTGTCATCTTCCTGGAGAACTACCGAGTCTCACTGGCCGAGAAAGTGATCCCAGCT
GCAGACCTCTCTGAGCAGATCTCCACTGCGGGCACTGAAGCCTCAGGCACCGGCAACATG
AAGTTCATGCTCAACGGGGCTCTGACCATTGGCACCATGGACGGGGCCAATGTGGAGATG
GCAGAAGAGGCGGGAGAGGAAAACTTCTTCATCTTTGGCATGCGGGTGGAGGATGTGGAT
AAGCTTGACCAAAGAGGGTACAATGCCCAGGAGTACTACGATCGCATTCCTGAGCTTCGG
CAGGTCATTGAGCAGCTGAGCAGTGGCTTCTTCTCCCCCAAACAGCCCGACCTGTTCAAG
GACATTGTCAATATGCTCATGCACCATGACCGGTTTAAAGTCTTCGCAGATTATGAAGAC
TACATTAAATGCCAGGAGAAAGTCAGCGCCTTGTACAAGAACCCAAGAGAGTGGACGCGG
ATGGTGATCCGGAACATAGCCACCTCTGGCAAGTTCTCCAGTGACCGCACCATTGCCCAG
TATGCCCGGGAGATCTGGGGTGTGGAGCCTTCCCGCCAGCGCCTGCCAGCCCCGGATGAG
GCCATCTGA
Enzyme 5 GenBank Gene ID AF066859 Link Image
Enzyme 5 GeneCard ID PYGM Link Image
Enzyme 5 GenAtlas ID PYGM Link Image
Enzyme 5 HGNC ID HGNC:9726 Link Image
Enzyme 5 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 5 Locus 11q12-q13.2
Enzyme 5 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 5 General References
  1. Burke J, Hwang P, Anderson L, Lebo R, Gorin F, Fletterick R: Intron/exon structure of the human gene for the muscle isozyme of glycogen phosphorylase. Proteins. 1987;2(3):177-87. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Kubisch C, Wicklein EM, Jentsch TJ: Molecular diagnosis of McArdle disease: revised genomic structure of the myophosphorylase gene and identification of a novel mutation. Hum Mutat. 1998;12(1):27-32. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Hwang PK, See YP, Vincentini AM, Powers MA, Fletterick RJ, Crerar MM: Comparative sequence analysis of rat, rabbit, and human muscle glycogen phosphorylase cDNAs. Eur J Biochem. 1985 Oct 15;152(2):267-74. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Gautron S, Daegelen D, Mennecier F, Dubocq D, Kahn A, Dreyfus JC: Molecular mechanisms of McArdle's disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency). RNA and DNA analysis. J Clin Invest. 1987 Jan;79(1):275-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Carty TJ, Tu J-I, Graves DJ: Regulation of glycogen phosphorylase. Role of the peptide region surrounding the phosphoserine residue in determining enzyme properties. J Biol Chem. 1975 Jul 10;250(13):4980-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Kim JE, Tannenbaum SR, White FM: Global phosphoproteome of HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. J Proteome Res. 2005 Jul-Aug;4(4):1339-46. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Tsujino S, Shanske S, DiMauro S: Molecular genetic heterogeneity of myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease). N Engl J Med. 1993 Jul 22;329(4):241-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Tsujino S, Shanske S, Martinuzzi A, Heiman-Patterson T, DiMauro S: Two novel missense mutations (E654K, L396P) in Caucasian patients with myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease). Hum Mutat. 1995;6(3):276-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Tsujino S, Shanske S, Nonaka I, DiMauro S: The molecular genetic basis of myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease). Muscle Nerve. 1995;3:S23-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Vorgerd M, Kubisch C, Burwinkel B, Reichmann H, Mortier W, Tettenborn B, Pongratz D, Lindemuth R, Tegenthoff M, Malin JP, Kilimann MW: Mutation analysis in myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease). Ann Neurol. 1998 Mar;43(3):326-31. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Gamez J, Fernandez R, Bruno C, Andreu AL, Cervera C, Navarro C, Schwartz S, Dimauro S: A new mutation in the regulatory domain of the myophosphorylase gene affecting protein dimer contact. Muscle Nerve. 1999 Aug;22(8):1136-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Andreu AL, Bruno C, Tamburino L, Gamez J, Shanske S, Cervera C, Navarro C, DiMauro S: A new mutation in the myophosphorylase gene (Asn684Tyr) in a Spanish patient with McArdle's disease. Neuromuscul Disord. 1999 May;9(3):171-3. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Rubio JC, Martin MA, Garcia A, Campos Y, Cabello A, Culebras JM, Arenas J: McArdle's disease associated with homozygosity for the missense mutation Gly204Ser of the myophosphorylase gene in a Spanish patient. Neuromuscul Disord. 1999 May;9(3):174-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Fernandez R, Navarro C, Andreu AL, Bruno C, Shanske S, Gamez J, Teijeira S, Hernandez I, Teijeiro A, Fernandez JM, Musumeci O, DiMauro S: A novel missense mutation (W797R) in the myophosphorylase gene in Spanish patients with McArdle disease. Arch Neurol. 2000 Feb;57(2):217-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Rubio JC, Martin MA, Campos Y, Auciello R, Cabello A, Arenas J: A missense mutation W797R in the myophosphorylase gene in a Spanish patient with McArdle's disease. Muscle Nerve. 2000 Jan;23(1):129-31. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Rubio JC, Martin MA, Campos Y, Cabello A, Arenas J: A missense mutation T487N in the myophosphorylase gene in a Spanish patient with McArdle's disease. Neuromuscul Disord. 2000 Feb;10(2):138-40. [PubMed Link Image]
  19. Martin MA, Rubio JC, Campos Y, Ricoy JR, Cabello A, Arenas J: A homozygous missense mutation (A659D) in the myophosphorylase gene in a Spanish patient with McArdle's disease. Neuromuscul Disord. 2000 Aug;10(6):447-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  20. Martin MA, Rubio JC, Buchbinder J, Fernandez-Hojas R, del Hoyo P, Teijeira S, Gamez J, Navarro C, Fernandez JM, Cabello A, Campos Y, Cervera C, Culebras JM, Andreu AL, Fletterick R, Arenas J: Molecular heterogeneity of myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease): a genotype-phenotype correlation study. Ann Neurol. 2001 Nov;50(5):574-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  21. Bruno C, Lanzillo R, Biedi C, Iadicicco L, Minetti C, Santoro L: Two new mutations in the myophosphorylase gene in Italian patients with McArdle's disease. Neuromuscul Disord. 2002 Jun;12(5):498-500. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 5 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 6 [top]
Enzyme 6 ID 5612
Enzyme 6 Name Glycogen phosphorylase, brain form
Enzyme 6 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 6 Gene Name PYGB
Enzyme 6 Protein Sequence >Glycogen phosphorylase, brain form
MAKPLTDSEKRKQISVRGLAGLGDVAEVRKSFNRHLHFTLVKDRNVATPRDYFFALAHTV
RDHLVGRWIRTQQHYYERDPKRIYYLSLEFYMGRTLQNTMVNLGLQNACDEAIYQLGLDL
EELEEIEEDAGLGNGGLGRLAACFLDSMATLGLAAYGYGIRYEFGIFNQKIVNGWQVEEA
DDWLRYGNPWEKARPEYMLPVHFYGRVEHTPDGVKWLDTQVVLAMPYDTPVPGYKNNTVN
TMRLWSAKAPNDFKLQDFNVGDYIEAVLDRNLAENISRVLYPNDNFFEGKELRLKQEYFV
VAATLQDIIRRFKSSKFGCRDPVRTCFETFPDKVAIQLNDTHPALSIPELMRILVDVEKV
DWDKAWEITKKTCAYTNHTVLPEALERWPVSMFEKLLPRHLEIIYAINQRHLDHVAALFP
GDVDRLRRMSVIEEGDCKRINMAHLCVIGSHAVNGVARIHSEIVKQSVFKDFYELEPEKF
QNKTNGITPRRWLLLCNPGLADTIVEKIGEEFLTDLSQLKKLLPLVSDEVFIRDVAKVKQ
ENKLKFSAFLEKEYKVKINPSSMFDVHVKRIHEYKRQLLNCLHVVTLYNRIKRDPAKAFV
PRTVMIGGKAAPGYHMAKLIIKLVTSIGDVVNHDPVVGDRLKVIFLENYRVSLAEKVIPA
ADLSQQISTAGTEASGTGNMKFMLNGALTIGTMDGANVEMAEEAGAENLFIFGLRVEDVE
ALDRKGYNAREYYDHLPELKQAVDQISSGFFSPKEPDCFKDIVNMLMHHDRFKVFADYEA
YMQCQAQVDQLYRNPKEWTKKVIRNIACSGKFSSDRTITEYAREIWGVEPSDLQIPPPNI
PRD
Enzyme 6 Number of Residues 843
Enzyme 6 Molecular Weight 96695.2
Enzyme 6 Theoretical pI 6.85
Enzyme 6 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cofactor binding
  • phosphorylase activity
  • pyridoxal phosphate binding
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups
  • transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Process
  • carbohydrate metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • primary metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 6 General Function Involved in phosphorylase activity
Enzyme 6 Specific Function Phosphorylase is an important allosteric enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Enzymes from different sources differ in their regulatory mechanisms and in their natural substrates. However, all known phosphorylases share catalytic and structural properties
Enzyme 6 Pathways
Enzyme 6 Reactions
  • [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate = [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate [RN:R01821 R06050]
Enzyme 6 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 6 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 6 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 6 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 6 GenBank ID Protein 9650807 Link Image
Enzyme 6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P11216 Link Image
Enzyme 6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PYGB_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 6 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 6 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 6 Gene Sequence >2532 bp
ATGGCGAAGCCGCTGACGGACAGCGAGAAGCGGAAGCAGATCAGCGTGCGCGGCCTGGCG
GGGCTAGGCGACGTGGCCGAGGTGCGGAAGAGCTTCAACCGGCACTTGCACTTCACGCTG
GTCAAGGACCGCAATGTGGCCACGCCCCGCGACTACTTCTTCGCGCTGGCGCACACGGTG
CGCGACCACCTCGTGGGCCGCTGGATCCGCACGCAGCAGCACTACTACGAGCGCGACCCC
AAGCGCATTTATTATCTTTCCCTGGAATTCTACATGGGTCGCACGCTGCAGAACACGATG
GTGAACCTGGGCCTTCAGAATGCCTGCGATGAAGCCATCTATCAGTTGGGGTTAGACTTG
GAGGAACTCGAGGAGATAGAAGAAGATGCTGGCCTTGGGAATGGAGGCCTGGGGAGGCTG
GCAGCGTGTTTCCTTGACTCAATGGCTACCTTGGGCCTGGCAGCATACGGCTATGGAATC
CGCTATGAATTTGGGATTTTTAACCAGAAGATTGTCAATGGCTGGCAGGTAGAGGAGGCC
GATGACTGGCTGCGCTACGGCAACCCCTGGGAGAAAGCGCGGCCTGAGTATATGCTTCCC
GTGCACTTCTACGGACGCGTGGAGCACACCCCCGACGGCGTGAAGTGGCTGGACACACAG
GTGGTGCTGGCCATGCCCTACGACACCCCAGTGCCCGGCTACAAGAACAACACCGTCAAC
ACCATGCGGCTGTGGTCCGCCAAGGCTCCCAACGACTTCAAGCTGCAGGACTTCAACGTG
GGAGACTACATCGAGGCGGTCCTGGACCGGAACTTGGCTGAGAACATCTCCAGGGTCCTG
TATCCAAATGATAACTTCTTTGAGGGGAAGGAGCTGCGGCTGAAGCAGGAGTACTTCGTG
GTGGCCGCCACGCTCCAGGACATCATCCGCCGCTTCAAGTCGTCCAAGTTCGGCTGCCGG
GACCCTGTGAGAACCTGTTTCGAGACGTTCCCAGACAAGGTGGCCATCCAGCTGAACGAC
ACCCACCCCGCCCTCTCCATCCCTGAGCTCATGCGGATCCTGGTGGACGTGGAGAAGGTG
GACTGGGACAAGGCCTGGGAAATCACGAAGAAGACCTGTGCATACACCAACCACACTGTG
CTGCCTGAGGCCTTGGAGCGCTGGCCCGTGTCCATGTTTGAGAAGCTGCTGCCGCGGCAC
CTGGAGATAATCTATGCCATCAACCAGCGGCACCTGGACCACGTGGCCGCGCTGTTTCCC
GGCGATGTGGACCGCCTGCGCAGGATGTCTGTGATCGAGGAGGGGGACTGCAAGCGGATC
AACATGGCCCACCTGTGTGTGATTGGGTCCCATGCTGTCAATGGTGTGGCGAGGATCCAC
TCGGAGATCGTGAAACAGTCGGTCTTTAAGGATTTTTATGAACTGGAGCCAGAGAAGTTC
CAGAATAAGACCAATGGCATCACCCCCCGCCGGTGGCTGCTGCTGTGCAACCCGGGGCTG
GCCGATACCATCGTGGAGAAAATTGGGGAGGAGTTCCTGACTGACCTGAGCCAGCTGAAG
AAGCTGCTGCCGCTGGTCAGTGACGAGGTGTTCATCAGGGACGTGGCCAAGGTCAAACAG
GAGAACAAGCTCAAGTTCTCGGCCTTCCTGGAGAAGGAGTACAAGGTGAAGATCAACCCC
TCCTCCATGTTCGATGTGCATGTGAAGAGGATCCACGAGTACAAGCGGCAGCTGCTCAAC
TGCCTGCACGTCGTCACCCTGTACAATCGAATCAAGAGAGACCCGGCCAAGGCTTTTGTG
CCCAGGACTGTTATGATTGGGGGCAAGGCAGCGCCCGGTTACCACATGGCCAAGCTGATC
ATCAAGTTGGTCACCTCCATCGGCGACGTCGTCAATCATGACCCAGTTGTGGGTGACAGG
TTGAAAGTGATCTTCCTGGAGAACTACCGTGTGTCCTTGGCTGAGAAAGTGATCCCGGCC
GCTGATCTGTCGCAGCAGATCTCCACTGCAGGCACCGAGGCCTCAGGCACAGGCAACATG
AAGTTCATGCTCAACGGGGCCCTCACCATCGGCACCATGGACGGCGCCAACGTGGAGATG
GCCGAGGAGGCCGGGGCCGAGAACCTCTTCATCTTCGGCCTGCGGGTGGAGGATGTCGAG
GCCTTGGACCGGAAAGGGTACAATGCCAGGGAGTACTACGACCACCTGCCCGAGCTGAAG
CAGGCCGTGGACCAGATCAGCAGTGGCTTTTTTTCTCCCAAGGAGCCAGACTGCTTCAAG
GACATCGTGAACATGCTGATGCACCATGACAGGTTCAAGGTGTTTGCAGACTATGAAGCC
TACATGCAGTGCCAGGCACAGGTGGACCAGCTGTACCGGAACCCCAAGGAGTGGACCAAG
AAGGTCATCAGGAACATCGCCTGCTCGGGCAAGTTCTCCAGTGACCGGACCATCACGGAG
TATGCACGGGAGATCTGGGGTGTGGAGCCCTCCGACCTGCAGATCCCGCCCCCCAACATC
CCCCGGGACTAG
Enzyme 6 GenBank Gene ID AL121772 Link Image
Enzyme 6 GeneCard ID PYGB Link Image
Enzyme 6 GenAtlas ID PYGB Link Image
Enzyme 6 HGNC ID HGNC:9723 Link Image
Enzyme 6 Chromosome Location 2
Enzyme 6 Locus 20p11.2-p11.1
Enzyme 6 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 6 General References
  1. Newgard CB, Littman DR, van Genderen C, Smith M, Fletterick RJ: Human brain glycogen phosphorylase. Cloning, sequence analysis, chromosomal mapping, tissue expression, and comparison with the human liver and muscle isozymes. J Biol Chem. 1988 Mar 15;263(8):3850-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Gelinas RP, Froman BE, McElroy F, Tait RC, Gorin FA: Human brain glycogen phosphorylase: characterization of fetal cDNA and genomic sequences. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1989 Nov;6(2-3):177-85. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, Burton J, Gilbert JG, Jones M, Stavrides G, Almeida JP, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Barlow KF, Bates KN, Beard LM, Beare DM, Beasley OP, Bird CP, Blakey SE, Bridgeman AM, Brown AJ, Buck D, Burrill W, Butler AP, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clamp M, Clark G, Clark LN, Clark SY, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley VE, Collier RE, Connor R, Corby NR, Coulson A, Coville GJ, Deadman R, Dhami P, Dunn M, Ellington AG, Frankland JA, Fraser A, French L, Garner P, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths MN, Gwilliam R, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Heath PD, Ho S, Holden JL, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Jekosch K, Johnson CM, Johnson D, Kay MP, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights A, Laird GK, Lawlor S, Lehvaslaiho MH, Leversha M, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Lovell JD, Marsh VL, Martin SL, McConnachie LJ, McLay K, McMurray AA, Milne S, Mistry D, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Nickerson T, Oliver K, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce TA, Peck AI, Phillimore BJ, Prathalingam SR, Plumb RW, Ramsay H, Rice CM, Ross MT, Scott CE, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith ML, Soderlund C, Steward CA, Sulston JE, Swann M, Sycamore N, Taylor R, Tee L, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans AC, Vaudin M, Wall M, Wallis JM, Whitehead SL, Whittaker P, Willey DL, Williams L, Williams SA, Wilming L, Wray PW, Hubbard T, Durbin RM, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. Nature. 2001 Dec 20-27;414(6866):865-71. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, Van Damme J, Staes A, Thomas GR, Vandekerckhove J: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. Nat Biotechnol. 2003 May;21(5):566-9. Epub 2003 Mar 31. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Rikova K, Guo A, Zeng Q, Possemato A, Yu J, Haack H, Nardone J, Lee K, Reeves C, Li Y, Hu Y, Tan Z, Stokes M, Sullivan L, Mitchell J, Wetzel R, Macneill J, Ren JM, Yuan J, Bakalarski CE, Villen J, Kornhauser JM, Smith B, Li D, Zhou X, Gygi SP, Gu TL, Polakiewicz RD, Rush J, Comb MJ: Global survey of phosphotyrosine signaling identifies oncogenic kinases in lung cancer. Cell. 2007 Dec 14;131(6):1190-203. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Heibeck TH, Ding SJ, Opresko LK, Zhao R, Schepmoes AA, Yang F, Tolmachev AV, Monroe ME, Camp DG 2nd, Smith RD, Wiley HS, Qian WJ: An extensive survey of tyrosine phosphorylation revealing new sites in human mammary epithelial cells. J Proteome Res. 2009 Aug;8(8):3852-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Oppermann FS, Gnad F, Olsen JV, Hornberger R, Greff Z, Keri G, Mann M, Daub H: Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2009 Jul;8(7):1751-64. Epub 2009 Apr 15. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 6 Metabolite References Not Available