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Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:51 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:52 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0015130
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB15130
Metabolite Identification
Common NameAuranofin
DescriptionAuranofin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a organogold compound classified by the World Health Organization as an antirheumatic agent. Auranofin appears to induce heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) mRNA. Heme oxygenase 1 is an inducible heme-degrading enzyme with anti-inflammatory properties.Exactly how auranofin works is not well understood. It may act as an inhibitor of kappab kinase and thioredoxin reductase which would lead to a decreased immune response and decreased free radical production, respectively. In patients with inflammatory arthritis, such as adult and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, gold salts can decrease the inflammation of the joint lining. This effect can prevent destruction of bone and cartilage.
Structure
Data?1582753261
Synonyms
ValueSource
(1-Thio-beta-D-glucopyranosato)(triethylphosphine)gold 2,3,4,6-tetraacetateChEBI
2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranosato-S (triethylphosphine)goldChEBI
AuranofinaChEBI
AuranofineChEBI
AuranofinumChEBI
RidauraChEBI
Triethylphosphine goldChEBI
(1-Thio-b-D-glucopyranosato)(triethylphosphine)gold 2,3,4,6-tetraacetateGenerator
(1-Thio-b-D-glucopyranosato)(triethylphosphine)gold 2,3,4,6-tetraacetic acidGenerator
(1-Thio-beta-D-glucopyranosato)(triethylphosphine)gold 2,3,4,6-tetraacetic acidGenerator
(1-Thio-β-D-glucopyranosato)(triethylphosphine)gold 2,3,4,6-tetraacetateGenerator
(1-Thio-β-D-glucopyranosato)(triethylphosphine)gold 2,3,4,6-tetraacetic acidGenerator
2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-b-D-glucopyranosato-S (triethylphosphine)goldGenerator
2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranosato-S (triethylphosphine)goldGenerator
AuroafenHMDB
Auranofin yamanouchi brandHMDB
CrisinorHMDB
SmithKline beecham brand OF auranofinHMDB
Auranofin recordati brandHMDB
Yamanouchi brand OF auranofinHMDB
Recordati brand OF auranofinHMDB
RidauranHMDB
Rubio brand OF auranofinHMDB
SK And F D 39162HMDB
SK And F-39162HMDB
Auranofin robapharm brandHMDB
Robapharm brand OF auranofinHMDB
SK And F 39162HMDB
Auranofin rubio brandHMDB
SK And F39162HMDB
Chemical FormulaC20H34AuO9PS
Average Molecular Weight678.48
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight678.132685
IUPAC Name[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-tris(acetyloxy)-6-{[(triethyl-lambda5-phosphanylidene)aurio]sulfanyl}oxan-2-yl]methyl acetate
Traditional Name[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-tris(acetyloxy)-6-{[(triethyl-lambda5-phosphanylidene)aurio]sulfanyl}oxan-2-yl]methyl acetate
CAS Registry Number34031-32-8
SMILES
CC[P+](CC)(CC)[Au-]S[C@@H]1O[C@H](COC(C)=O)[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C14H20O9S.C6H15P.Au/c1-6(15)19-5-10-11(20-7(2)16)12(21-8(3)17)13(14(24)23-10)22-9(4)18;1-4-7(5-2)6-3;/h10-14,24H,5H2,1-4H3;4-6H2,1-3H3;/q;;+1/p-1/t10-,11-,12+,13-,14+;;/m1../s1
InChI KeyAUJRCFUBUPVWSZ-XTZHGVARSA-M
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tetracarboxylic acids and derivatives. These are carboxylic acids containing exactly four carboxyl groups.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassTetracarboxylic acids and derivatives
Direct ParentTetracarboxylic acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Tetracarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Monosaccharide
  • Oxane
  • Carboxylic acid ester
  • Sulfenyl compound
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Organic transition metal salt
  • Organic metal salt
  • Oxacycle
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organosulfur compound
  • Organophosphorus compound
  • Organic salt
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.15 g/LNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.15 g/LALOGPS
logP2.99ALOGPS
logP-1ChemAxon
logS-3.6ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)-4.3ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area114.43 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count15ChemAxon
Refractivity114.88 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability50.82 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityNoChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
AllCCS[M+H]+224.932859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+223.932859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+225.932859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+226.132859911
AllCCS[M-H]-211.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-214.032859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-216.732859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
AuranofinCC[P+](CC)(CC)[Au-]S[C@@H]1O[C@H](COC(C)=O)[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O3809.7Standard polar33892256
AuranofinCC[P+](CC)(CC)[Au-]S[C@@H]1O[C@H](COC(C)=O)[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O2405.4Standard non polar33892256
AuranofinCC[P+](CC)(CC)[Au-]S[C@@H]1O[C@H](COC(C)=O)[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O3067.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Auranofin GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-014i-2112019000-4559e7286bc64db873812017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Auranofin 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00p0-1001049000-6850c6deb49e5a0a2eac2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Auranofin 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0pi0-1203059000-fd2208a9502429fce0042017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Auranofin 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-3100192000-14a6acbb9c48a5b4658a2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Auranofin 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-4101009000-cdd4553c6e6132fb59622017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Auranofin 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9400001000-40e619ee51f9255dc7b32017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Auranofin 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-45f3856100c55f4417ca2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00995 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00995 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00995
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID5293650
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkAuranofin
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound6918453
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID2922
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Jeon KI, Byun MS, Jue DM: Gold compound auranofin inhibits IkappaB kinase (IKK) by modifying Cys-179 of IKKbeta subunit. Exp Mol Med. 2003 Apr 30;35(2):61-6. [PubMed:12754408 ]
  2. Venardos K, Harrison G, Headrick J, Perkins A: Auranofin increases apoptosis and ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the rat isolated heart. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2004 May-Jun;31(5-6):289-94. [PubMed:15191400 ]
  3. Rigobello MP, Folda A, Baldoin MC, Scutari G, Bindoli A: Effect of auranofin on the mitochondrial generation of hydrogen peroxide. Role of thioredoxin reductase. Free Radic Res. 2005 Jul;39(7):687-95. [PubMed:16036347 ]
  4. Kim IS, Jin JY, Lee IH, Park SJ: Auranofin induces apoptosis and when combined with retinoic acid enhances differentiation of acute promyelocytic leukaemia cells in vitro. Br J Pharmacol. 2004 Jun;142(4):749-55. Epub 2004 May 24. [PubMed:15159275 ]
  5. Hafejee A, Winhoven S, Coulson IH: Jessner's lymphocytic infiltrate responding to oral auranofin. J Dermatolog Treat. 2004 Sep;15(5):331-2. [PubMed:15370403 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in protein kinase activity
Specific function:
Acts as part of the IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-kappa-B activation and phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B thus leading to the dissociation of the inhibitor/NF- kappa-B complex and ultimately the degradation of the inhibitor. Also phosphorylates NCOA3
Gene Name:
IKBKB
Uniprot ID:
O14920
Molecular weight:
86563.2
References
  1. Jeon KI, Byun MS, Jue DM: Gold compound auranofin inhibits IkappaB kinase (IKK) by modifying Cys-179 of IKKbeta subunit. Exp Mol Med. 2003 Apr 30;35(2):61-6. [PubMed:12754408 ]
  2. Youn HS, Lee JY, Saitoh SI, Miyake K, Hwang DH: Auranofin, as an anti-rheumatic gold compound, suppresses LPS-induced homodimerization of TLR4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Dec 1;350(4):866-71. Epub 2006 Sep 28. [PubMed:17034761 ]
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Reduces hydrogen peroxide and alkyl hydroperoxides with reducing equivalents provided through the thioredoxin system. Involved in intracellular redox signaling.
Gene Name:
PRDX5
Uniprot ID:
P30044
Molecular weight:
22026.205
References
  1. Rigobello MP, Scutari G, Boscolo R, Bindoli A: Induction of mitochondrial permeability transition by auranofin, a gold(I)-phosphine derivative. Br J Pharmacol. 2002 Aug;136(8):1162-8. [PubMed:12163349 ]
  2. Venardos K, Harrison G, Headrick J, Perkins A: Auranofin increases apoptosis and ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the rat isolated heart. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2004 May-Jun;31(5-6):289-94. [PubMed:15191400 ]
  3. Rigobello MP, Folda A, Baldoin MC, Scutari G, Bindoli A: Effect of auranofin on the mitochondrial generation of hydrogen peroxide. Role of thioredoxin reductase. Free Radic Res. 2005 Jul;39(7):687-95. [PubMed:16036347 ]
  4. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
  5. Gundimeda U, Schiffman JE, Gottlieb SN, Roth BI, Gopalakrishna R: Negation of the cancer-preventive actions of selenium by over-expression of protein kinase Cepsilon and selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase. Carcinogenesis. 2009 Sep;30(9):1553-61. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgp164. Epub 2009 Jul 3. [PubMed:19578042 ]