Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

Showing metabocard for Pyrophosphate (HMDB00250)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version

2.5

Creation Date

2005-11-16 15:48:42

Update Date

2010-04-21 11:57:08

Accession Number

HMDB00250

Secondary Accession Numbers

Not Available

Common Name

Pyrophosphate

Description

In chemistry, the anion, the salts, and the esters of pyrophosphoric acid are called pyrophosphates. The anion is abbreviated PPi and is formed by the hydrolysis of ATP into AMP in cells. This hydrolysis is called pyrophosphorolysis. The pyrophosphate anion has the structure P2O74-, and is an acid anhydride of phosphate. It is unstable in aqueous solution and rapidly hydrolyzes into inorganic phosphate

Synonyms

(4-)Diphosphoric acid ion
(P2O74-)Diphosphate
Diphosphate
Pyrometaphosphate
Pyrophosphate
Pyrophosphate tetraanion
Pyrophosphate(4-) ion
Pyrophosphic acid
Diphosphoric acid
PPi

Chemical IUPAC Name

phosphonooxyphosphonic acid

Chemical Formula

[P₂O₇]^₄-

Chemical Structure

Chemical Taxonomy

Kingdom
Inorganic
Super Class
Inorganic compounds
Class
Inorganic Ions and Gases
Sub Class
Anions
Family
Mammalian Metabolite
Species
anion
Biofunction
Component of Alanine and aspartate metabolism Component of Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis Component of Aminophosphonate metabolism Component of Aminosugars metabolism Component of Arginine and proline metabolism Component of Biotin metabolism Component of Fatty acid metabolism Component of Folate biosynthesis Component of Fructose and mannose metabolism Component of Galactose metabolism Component of Glutamate metabolism Component of Glycerophospholipid metabolism Component of Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism Component of Histidine metabolism Component of Lysine biosynthesis Component of Methionine metabolism Component of Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism Component of Nitrogen metabolism Component of Nucleotide sugars metabolism Component of Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis Component of Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism Component of Propanoate metabolism Component of Purine metabolism Component of Pyrimidine metabolism Component of Pyruvate metabolism Component of Selenoamino acid metabolism Component of Starch and sucrose metabolism Component of Sulfur metabolism Component of Terpenoid biosynthesis Component of Tryptophan metabolism Component of Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
Application
—
Source
Endogenous

Average Molecular Weight

173.943

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

173.911926

Isomeric SMILES

[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O

Canonical SMILES

[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O

KEGG Compound ID

C00013

BioCyc ID

PPI

BiGG ID

33511

Wikipedia Link

Pyrophosphate Link Image

NuGOwiki Link

Metagene Link

METLIN ID

PubChem Compound

PubChem Substance

ChEBI ID

CAS Registry Number

14000-31-8

InChI Identifier

InChI=1/H4O7P2/c1-8(2,3)7-9(4,5)6/h(H2,1,2,3)(H2,4,5,6)/p-4

Synthesis Reference

Dittmer, Donald C.; Silverstein, V. Opshelor. Production of pyrophosphate from S-n-butyl phosphorothioate. Journal of Organic Chemistry (1961), 26 4706-7.

Melting Point (Experimental)

61 oC

Experimental Water Solubility

Not Available Source: PhysProp

Predicted Water Solubility

1000 mg/mL at 25 oC [MEYLAN,WM et al. (1996)] Calculated using ALOGPS

Physiological Charge

-4

State

Solid

Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity

Not Available Source: PhysProp

Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity

-1.74 [MEYLAN,WM & HOWARD,PH (1995)]; -3.5 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP] Calculated using ALOGPS

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Show PDF/HTML

MOL File

Show

SDF File

Show

PDB File

Show

2D Structure

3D Structure

Experimental PDB ID

Not Available

Experimental ¹H NMR Spectrum

Not Available

Experimental ¹³C NMR Spectrum

Not Available

Experimental ¹³C HSQC Spectrum

Not Available

Predicted ¹H NMR Spectrum

Not Available
Not Available

Predicted ¹³C NMR Spectrum

Not Available
Not Available

Mass Spectrum

Low Energy
Download File Show Experimental Conditions
Medium Energy
Download File Show Experimental Conditions
High Energy
Download File Show Experimental Conditions

Simplified TOCSY Spectrum

Not Available

BMRB Spectrum

Not Available

Cellular Location

Cytoplasm
endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondria
nucleus
peroxisome

Biofluid Location

Blood
Urine

Tissue Location

Tissue	References
Epidermis	—
Fibroblasts	—
Intestine	—
Neuron	—
Platelet	—
Skeletal Muscle	—
Testes	—

Concentrations (Normal)

Biofluid	Blood
Value	1.8 (0.64-2.96) uM
Age	Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex	Both
Patient information	Normal
Comments	Not Available
References	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 79-81. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.

Biofluid	Urine
Value	2.56 +/- 1.22 umol/mmol creatinine
Age	Children:1-13 yrs old
Sex	Both
Patient information	Normal
Comments	Not Available
References	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.

Concentrations (Abnormal)

Not Available

Associated Disorders

Not Available

OMIM ID

Not Available

Pathways

Name	SMPDB Link	KEGG Link
Transcription/Translation	SMP00019

General References

Broll H: [Effect of chloroquine diphosphate on the superhelix structure of DNA and protein synthesis in synovial cells in chronic polyarthritis] Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1983 Dec 23;95(24):877-80. [PubMed ]
Golanski J, Pluta J, Baraniak J, Watala C: Limited usefulness of the PFA-100 for the monitoring of ADP receptor antagonists--in vitro experience. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2004 Jan;42(1):25-9. [PubMed ]
Mateos-Trigos G, Evans RJ, Heath MF: Effects of P2Y(1) and P2Y(12) receptor antagonists on ADP-induced shape change of equine platelets: comparison with human platelets. Platelets. 2002 Aug-Sep;13(5-6):285-92. [PubMed ]
Sirkis SI: [Serum and cerebrospinal fluid enzyme spectra in meningitis and their differential diagnostic value] Zh Nevropatol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 1982;82(2):193-7. [PubMed ]
Barbier O, Torra IP, Sirvent A, Claudel T, Blanquart C, Duran-Sandoval D, Kuipers F, Kosykh V, Fruchart JC, Staels B: FXR induces the UGT2B4 enzyme in hepatocytes: a potential mechanism of negative feedback control of FXR activity. Gastroenterology. 2003 Jun;124(7):1926-40. [PubMed ]
March JG, Simonet BM, Grases F: Determination of pyrophosphate in renal calculi and urine by means of an enzymatic method. Clin Chim Acta. 2001 Dec;314(1-2):187-94. [PubMed ]
Namiki M, Kitamura M, Nonomura N, Sugao H, Nakamura M, Okuyama A, Utsunomiya M, Itatani H, Matsumoto K, Sonoda T: Direct inhibitory effect of estrogen on the human testis in vitro. Arch Androl. 1988;20(2):131-5. [PubMed ]
Kosoglou T, Statkevich P, Johnson-Levonas AO, Paolini JF, Bergman AJ, Alton KB: Ezetimibe: a review of its metabolism, pharmacokinetics and drug interactions. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2005;44(5):467-94. [PubMed ]
Pickett DA, Welch DF: Recognition of Staphylococcus saprophyticus in urine cultures by screening colonies for production of phosphatase. J Clin Microbiol. 1985 Mar;21(3):310-3. [PubMed ]
Hua HT, Albadawi H, Entabi F, Conrad M, Stoner MC, Meriam BT, Sroufe R, Houser S, Lamuraglia GM, Watkins MT: Polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase inhibition modulates skeletal muscle injury following ischemia reperfusion. Arch Surg. 2005 Apr;140(4):344-51; discussion 351-2. [PubMed ]
Dahlmann N, Ueckermann C: Separation of deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphatase from unspecific hydrolases. A recommended micromethod in the diagnostic evaluation of human carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 1984 Jul-Oct;4(4-5):299-303. [PubMed ]
Ebadi M, Sharma SK, Ghafourifar P, Brown-Borg H, El Refaey H: Peroxynitrite in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and the neuroprotective role of metallothioneins. Methods Enzymol. 2005;396:276-98. [PubMed ]
Tallaksen CM, Sande A, Bohmer T, Bell H, Karlsen J: Kinetics of thiamin and thiamin phosphate esters in human blood, plasma and urine after 50 mg intravenously or orally. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1993;44(1):73-8. [PubMed ]
Zhong D, Meins J, Scheidel B, Blume H: [Development of an HPLC method for determination of chloroquine in plasma] Pharmazie. 1993 May;48(5):349-52. [PubMed ]
Recio JA, Paez JG, Maskeri B, Loveland M, Velasco JA, Notario V: Both normal and transforming PCPH proteins have guanosine diphosphatase activity but only the oncoprotein cooperates with Ras in activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase ERK1. Cancer Res. 2000 Mar 15;60(6):1720-8. [PubMed ]
Puri RN, Colman RF, Colman RW: Modulation of platelet responses by 2-[3-(bromo-2-oxopropylthio)]adenosine-5'-diphosphate involves its binding to as well as covalent modification of an ADP-receptor, aggregin. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1997 Jul 1;343(1):140-5. [PubMed ]
Hamagishi Y, Oki T, Tone H, Inui T: A radioimmunoassay for guanosine-5'-diphosphate-3'-diphosphate and adenosine-5'-triphosphate-3'-diphosphate. J Biochem (Tokyo). 1980 Dec;88(6):1785-92. [PubMed ]
Lee AY, Youm YH, Kim NH, Yang H, Choi WI: Keratinocytes in the depigmented epidermis of vitiligo are more vulnerable to trauma (suction) than keratinocytes in the normally pigmented epidermis, resulting in their apoptosis. Br J Dermatol. 2004 Nov;151(5):995-1003. [PubMed ]
Ito H, Yamamoto H, Kimura Y, Kambe H, Okochi T, Kishimoto S: Affinity chromatography of human plasma gelsolin with polyphosphate compounds on immobilized Cibacron Blue F3GA. J Chromatogr. 1990 Apr 6;526(2):397-406. [PubMed ]
Wikipedia

Metabolic Enzymes

Enzyme 1 [top]

Enzyme 1 ID

5271

Enzyme 1 Name

Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase 2-like, mitochondrial

Enzyme 1 Synonyms

Acetate--CoA ligase 2
Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2
AceCS2
Acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 1

Enzyme 1 Gene Name

ACSS1

Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence

>Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase 2-like, mitochondrial

MAARTLGRGVGRLLGSLRGLSGQPARPPCGVSAPRRAASGPSGSAPAVAAAAAQPGSYPA
LSAQAAREPAAFWGPLARDTLVWDTPYHTVWDCDFSTGKIGWFLGGQLNVSVNCLDQHVR
KSPESVALIWERDEPGTEVRITYRELLETTCRLANTLKRHGVHRGDRVAIYMPVSPLAVA
AMLACARIGAVHTVIFAGFSAESLAGRINDAKCKVVITFNQGLRGGRVVELKKIVDEAVK
HCPTVQHVLVAHRTDNKVHMGDLDVPLEQEMAKEDPVCAPESMGSEDMLFMLYTSGSTGM
PKGIVHTQAGYLLYAALTHKLVFDHQPGDIFGCVADIGWITGHSYVVYGPLCNGATSVLF
ESTPVYPNAGRYWETVERLKINQFYGAPTAVRLLLKYGDAWVKKYDRSSLRTLGSVGEPI
NCEAWEWLHRVVGDSRCTLVDTWWQTETGGICIAPRPSEEGAEILPAMAMRPFFGIVPVL
MDEKGSVVEGSNVSGALCISQAWPGMARTIYGDHQRFVDAYFKAYPGYYFTGDGAYRTEG
GYYQITGRMDDVINISGHRLGTAEIEDAIADHPAVPESAVIGYPHDIKGEAAFAFIVVKD
SAGDSDVVVQELKSMVATKIAKYAVPDEILVVKRLPKTRSGKVMRRLLRKIITSEAQELG
DTTTLEDPSIIAEILSVYQKCKDKQAAAK

Enzyme 1 Number of Residues

689

Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight

74856.1

Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI

7.11

Enzyme 1 GO Classification

Function
AMP binding CoA-ligase activity acetate-CoA ligase activity adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding binding catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming carbon-sulfur bonds nucleoside binding purine nucleoside binding
Process
metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 1 General Function

Involved in acetate-CoA ligase activity

Enzyme 1 Specific Function

Important for maintaining normal body temperature during fasting and for energy homeostasis. Essential for energy expenditure under ketogenic conditions. Converts acetate to acetyl-CoA so that it can be used for oxidation through the tricarboxylic cycle to produce ATP and CO(2)

Enzyme 1 Pathways

Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
Propanoate Metabolism (map00640 )
Pyruvate Metabolism (map00620 )

Enzyme 1 Reactions

ATP + acetate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA [RN:R00235]

Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function

AMP-binding (PF00501 )

Enzyme 1 Signals

None

Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 1 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein

24659677

Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q9NUB1

Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

ACS2L_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 1 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 1 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence

>2070 bp

ATGGCGGCGCGCACCCTGGGCCGCGGCGTCGGGAGGCTGCTGGGCAGCCTGCGAGGGCTC
TCGGGGCAGCCCGCGCGGCCGCCGTGCGGGGTGAGCGCGCCGCGCAGGGCGGCCTCGGGA
CCCTCGGGCAGCGCTCCCGCAGTTGCAGCAGCAGCAGCACAGCCAGGCTCGTATCCCGCG
CTGAGTGCACAGGCAGCCCGGGAGCCGGCCGCCTTCTGGGGGCCTCTGGCGCGGGACACT
CTCGTGTGGGACACCCCCTACCACACCGTCTGGGACTGCGACTTCAGCACTGGCAAGATC
GGCTGGTTCCTGGGAGGCCAGTTAAATGTCTCTGTCAACTGCTTGGACCAGCATGTTCGG
AAGTCCCCCGAGAGCGTTGCTTTGATCTGGGAGCGCGATGAGCCTGGAACGGAAGTGAGG
ATCACCTACAGGGAACTACTGGAGACCACGTGCCGCCTGGCCAACACGCTGAAGAGGCAT
GGAGTCCACCGTGGGGACCGTGTTGCCATCTACATGCCCGTGTCCCCATTGGCTGTGGCA
GCAATGCTGGCCTGTGCCAGGATCGGAGCTGTCCACACAGTCATCTTTGCTGGCTTCAGT
GCGGAGTCCTTGGCTGGGAGGATCAATGATGCCAAGTGCAAGGTGGTTATCACCTTCAAC
CAAGGACTCCGGGGTGGGCGCGTGGTGGAGCTGAAGAAAATAGTGGATGAGGCTGTGAAG
CACTGCCCCACCGTGCAGCATGTCCTGGTGGCTCACAGGACAGACAACAAGGTCCACATG
GGGGATCTGGACGTCCCGCTGGAGCAGGAAATGGCCAAGGAGGACCCTGTTTGCGCCCCA
GAGAGCATGGGCAGTGAGGACATGCTCTTCATGCTGTACACCTCAGGGAGCACCGGAATG
CCCAAGGGCATCGTCCATACCCAGGCAGGCTACCTGCTCTATGCCGCCCTGACTCACAAG
CTTGTGTTTGACCACCAGCCAGGTGACATCTTTGGCTGTGTGGCCGACATCGGTTGGATT
ACAGGACACAGCTACGTGGTGTATGGGCCTCTCTGCAATGGTGCCACCAGCGTCCTTTTT
GAGAGCACCCCAGTTTATCCCAATGCTGGTCGGTACTGGGAGACAGTAGAGAGGTTGAAG
ATCAATCAGTTCTATGGCGCCCCAACGGCTGTCCGGCTGTTGCTGAAATACGGTGATGCC
TGGGTGAAGAAGTATGATCGCTCCTCCCTGCGGACCCTGGGGTCAGTGGGAGAGCCCATC
AACTGTGAGGCCTGGGAGTGGCTTCACAGGGTGGTGGGGGACAGCAGGTGCACGCTGGTG
GACACCTGGTGGCAGACAGAAACAGGTGGCATCTGCATCGCACCACGGCCCTCGGAAGAA
GGGGCGGAAATCCTCCCTGCCATGGCGATGAGGCCCTTCTTTGGCATCGTCCCCGTCCTC
ATGGATGAGAAGGGCAGCGTCATGGAGGGCAGCAACGTCTCCGGGGCCCTGTGCATCTCC
CAGGCCTGGCCGGGCATGGCCAGGACCATCTATGGCGACCACCAGCGATTTGTGGACGCC
TACTTCAAGGCCTACCCAGGCTATTACTTCACTGGAGACGGGGCTTACCGAACTGAGGGC
GGCTATTACCAGATCACAGGGCGGATGGATGATGTCATCAACATCAGTGGCCACCGGCTG
GGGACCGCAGAGATTGAGGACGCCATCGCCGACCACCCTGCAGTACCAGAAAGTGCTGTC
ATTGGCTACCCCCACGACATCAAAGGAGAAGCTGCCTTTGCCTTCATTGTGGTGAAAGAT
AGTGCGGGTGACTCAGATGTGGTGGTGCAGGAGCTCAAGTCCATGGTGGCCACCAAGATC
GCCAAATATGCTGTGCCTGATGAGATCCTGGTGGTGAAACGTCTTCCAAAAACCAGGTCT
GGGAAGGTCATGCGGCGGCTCCTGAGGAAGATCATCACTAGTGAGGCCCAGGAGCTGGGA
GACACTACCACCTTGGAGGACCCCAGCATCATCGCAGAGATCCTGAGTGTCTACCAGAAG
TGCAAGGACAAGCAGGCTGCTGCTAAGTGA

Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID

BC039261

Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID

ACSS1

Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID

ACSS1

Enzyme 1 HGNC ID

HGNC:16091 Link Image

Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 1 Locus

20p11.23-p11.21

Enzyme 1 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 1 General References

Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, Burton J, Gilbert JG, Jones M, Stavrides G, Almeida JP, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Barlow KF, Bates KN, Beard LM, Beare DM, Beasley OP, Bird CP, Blakey SE, Bridgeman AM, Brown AJ, Buck D, Burrill W, Butler AP, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clamp M, Clark G, Clark LN, Clark SY, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley VE, Collier RE, Connor R, Corby NR, Coulson A, Coville GJ, Deadman R, Dhami P, Dunn M, Ellington AG, Frankland JA, Fraser A, French L, Garner P, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths MN, Gwilliam R, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Heath PD, Ho S, Holden JL, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Jekosch K, Johnson CM, Johnson D, Kay MP, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights A, Laird GK, Lawlor S, Lehvaslaiho MH, Leversha M, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Lovell JD, Marsh VL, Martin SL, McConnachie LJ, McLay K, McMurray AA, Milne S, Mistry D, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Nickerson T, Oliver K, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce TA, Peck AI, Phillimore BJ, Prathalingam SR, Plumb RW, Ramsay H, Rice CM, Ross MT, Scott CE, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith ML, Soderlund C, Steward CA, Sulston JE, Swann M, Sycamore N, Taylor R, Tee L, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans AC, Vaudin M, Wall M, Wallis JM, Whitehead SL, Whittaker P, Willey DL, Williams L, Williams SA, Wilming L, Wray PW, Hubbard T, Durbin RM, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. Nature. 2001 Dec 20-27;414(6866):865-71. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Nagase T, Nakayama M, Nakajima D, Kikuno R, Ohara O: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XX. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro. DNA Res. 2001 Apr 27;8(2):85-95. [PubMed ]
Nakajima D, Okazaki N, Yamakawa H, Kikuno R, Ohara O, Nagase T: Construction of expression-ready cDNA clones for KIAA genes: manual curation of 330 KIAA cDNA clones. DNA Res. 2002 Jun 30;9(3):99-106. [PubMed ]
Schwer B, Bunkenborg J, Verdin RO, Andersen JS, Verdin E: Reversible lysine acetylation controls the activity of the mitochondrial enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jul 5;103(27):10224-9. Epub 2006 Jun 20. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
Jin L, Wei W, Jiang Y, Peng H, Cai J, Mao C, Dai H, Choy W, Bemis JE, Jirousek MR, Milne JC, Westphal CH, Perni RB: Crystal structures of human SIRT3 displaying substrate-induced conformational changes. J Biol Chem. 2009 Sep 4;284(36):24394-405. Epub 2009 Jun 16. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 1 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 2 [top]

Enzyme 2 ID

5321

Enzyme 2 Name

Serum paraoxonase/lactonase 3

Enzyme 2 Synonyms

Not Available

Enzyme 2 Gene Name

PON3

Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence

>Serum paraoxonase/lactonase 3

MGKLVALVLLGVGLSLVGEMFLAFRERVNASREVEPVEPENCHLIEELESGSEDIDILPS
GLAFISSGLKYPGMPNFAPDEPGKIFLMDLNEQNPRAQALEISGGFDKELFNPHGISIFI
DKDNTVYLYVVNHPHMKSTVEIFKFEEQQRSLVYLKTIKHELLKSVNDIVVLGPEQFYAT
RDHYFTNSLLSFFEMILDLRWTYVLFYSPREVKVVAKGFCSANGITVSADQKYVYVADVA
AKNIHIMEKHDNWDLTQLKVIQLGTLVDNLTVDPATGDILAGCHPNPMKLLNYNPEDPPG
SEVLRIQNVLSEKPRVSTVYANNGSVLQGTSVASVYHGKILIGTVFHKTLYCEL

Enzyme 2 Number of Residues

354

Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight

39607.2

Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI

5.10

Enzyme 2 GO Classification

Function
arylesterase activity carboxylesterase activity catalytic activity hydrolase activity hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
Process
—
Component
extracellular region

Enzyme 2 General Function

Involved in arylesterase activity

Enzyme 2 Specific Function

Has low activity towards the organophosphate paraxon and aromatic carboxylic acid esters. Rapidly hydrolyzes lactones such as statin prodrugs (e.g. lovastatin). Hydrolyzes aromatic lactones and 5- or 6-member ring lactones with aliphatic substituents but not simple lactones or those with polar substituents

Enzyme 2 Pathways

Not Available

Enzyme 2 Reactions

an aryl dialkyl phosphate + H2O = dialkyl phosphate + an aryl alcohol [RN:R03979]

Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function

Arylesterase (PF01731 )

Enzyme 2 Signals

Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 2 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein

29788996

Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q15166

Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

PON3_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 2 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 2 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence

>1065 bp

ATGGGGAAGCTCGTGGCGCTGGTCCTGCTGGGGGTCGGCCTGTCCTTAGTCGGGGAGATG
TTCCTGGCGTTTAGAGAAAGGGTGAATGCCTCTCGAGAAGTGGAGCCAGTAGAACCTGAA
AACTGCCACCTTATTGAGGAACTTGAAAGTGGCTCTGAAGATATTGATATACTTCCTAGT
GGGCTGGCTTTTATCTCCAGTGGATTAAAATATCCAGGCATGCCAAACTTTGCGCCAGAT
GAACCAGGAAAAATCTTCTTGATGGATCTGAATGAACAAAACCCAAGGGCACAAGCGCTA
GAAATCAGTGGTGGATTTGACAAAGAATTATTTAATCCACATGGGATCAGTATTTTCATC
GACAAAGACAATACTGTGTATCTTTATGTTGTGAATCATCCCCACATGAAGTCCACTGTG
GAGATATTTAAATTTGAGGAACAACAACGTTCTCTGGTATACCTGAAAACTATAAAACAT
GAACTTCTCAAAAGTGTGAATGACATTGTGGTTCTTGGACCAGAACAGTTCTATGCCACC
AGAGACCACTATTTTACCAACTCCCTCCTGTCATTTTTTGAGATGATCTTGGATCTTCGC
TGGACTTATGTTCTTTTCTACAGCCCAAGGGAGGTTAAAGTGGTGGCCAAAGGATTTTGT
AGTGCCAATGGGATCACAGTCTCAGCAGACCAGAAGTATGTCTATGTAGCTGATGTAGCA
GCTAAGAACATTCACATAATGGAAAAACATGATAACTGGGATTTAACTCAACTGAAGGTG
ATACAGTTGGGCACCTTAGTGGATAACCTGACTGTCGATCCTGCCACAGGAGACATTTTG
GCAGGATGCCATCCTAATCCTATGAAGCTACTGAACTATAACCCTGAGGACCCTCCAGGA
TCAGAAGTACTTCGCATCCAGAATGTTTTGTCTGAGAAGCCCAGGGTGAGCACCGTGTAT
GCCAACAATGGCTCTGTGCTTCAGGGCACCTCTGTGGCTTCTGTGTACCATGGGAAAATT
CTCATAGGCACCGTATTTCACAAAACTCTGTACTGTGAGCTCTAG

Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID

NM_000940.2 Link Image

Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID

PON3

Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID

PON3

Enzyme 2 HGNC ID

HGNC:9206

Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 2 Locus

7q21.3

Enzyme 2 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 2 General References

Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR, Osborne LR, Nakabayashi K, Herbrick JA, Carson AR, Parker-Katiraee L, Skaug J, Khaja R, Zhang J, Hudek AK, Li M, Haddad M, Duggan GE, Fernandez BA, Kanematsu E, Gentles S, Christopoulos CC, Choufani S, Kwasnicka D, Zheng XH, Lai Z, Nusskern D, Zhang Q, Gu Z, Lu F, Zeesman S, Nowaczyk MJ, Teshima I, Chitayat D, Shuman C, Weksberg R, Zackai EH, Grebe TA, Cox SR, Kirkpatrick SJ, Rahman N, Friedman JM, Heng HH, Pelicci PG, Lo-Coco F, Belloni E, Shaffer LG, Pober B, Morton CC, Gusella JF, Bruns GA, Korf BR, Quade BJ, Ligon AH, Ferguson H, Higgins AW, Leach NT, Herrick SR, Lemyre E, Farra CG, Kim HG, Summers AM, Gripp KW, Roberts W, Szatmari P, Winsor EJ, Grzeschik KH, Teebi A, Minassian BA, Kere J, Armengol L, Pujana MA, Estivill X, Wilson MD, Koop BF, Tosi S, Moore GE, Boright AP, Zlotorynski E, Kerem B, Kroisel PM, Petek E, Oscier DG, Mould SJ, Dohner H, Dohner K, Rommens JM, Vincent JB, Venter JC, Li PW, Mural RJ, Adams MD, Tsui LC: Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology. Science. 2003 May 2;300(5620):767-72. Epub 2003 Apr 10. [PubMed ]
Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Graves TA, Pepin KH, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Maas J, Jaeger S, Walker R, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, O'Laughlin MD, Schaller ME, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Cordes M, Du H, Sun H, Edwards J, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Andrews S, Isak A, Vanbrunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Lamar B, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Bielicki L, Scott K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Harris A, Strong CM, Hou S, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Leonard S, Rohlfing T, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Abbott A, Minx P, Maupin R, Strowmatt C, Latreille P, Miller N, Johnson D, Murray J, Woessner JP, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Schultz BR, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Nelson JO, Berkowicz N, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Bedell JA, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Chissoe SL, Marra MA, Raymond C, Haugen E, Gillett W, Zhou Y, James R, Phelps K, Iadanoto S, Bubb K, Simms E, Levy R, Clendenning J, Kaul R, Kent WJ, Furey TS, Baertsch RA, Brent MR, Keibler E, Flicek P, Bork P, Suyama M, Bailey JA, Portnoy ME, Torrents D, Chinwalla AT, Gish WR, Eddy SR, McPherson JD, Olson MV, Eichler EE, Green ED, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7. Nature. 2003 Jul 10;424(6945):157-64. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Primo-Parmo SL, Sorenson RC, Teiber J, La Du BN: The human serum paraoxonase/arylesterase gene (PON1) is one member of a multigene family. Genomics. 1996 May 1;33(3):498-507. [PubMed ]
Draganov DI, Teiber JF, Speelman A, Osawa Y, Sunahara R, La Du BN: Human paraoxonases (PON1, PON2, and PON3) are lactonases with overlapping and distinct substrate specificities. J Lipid Res. 2005 Jun;46(6):1239-47. Epub 2005 Mar 16. [PubMed ]
Liu T, Qian WJ, Gritsenko MA, Camp DG 2nd, Monroe ME, Moore RJ, Smith RD: Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res. 2005 Nov-Dec;4(6):2070-80. [PubMed ]
Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 2 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 3 [top]

Enzyme 3 ID

5486

Enzyme 3 Name

Fucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase

Enzyme 3 Synonyms

GDP-L-fucose diphosphorylase
GDP-L-fucose pyrophosphorylase

Enzyme 3 Gene Name

FPGT

Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence

>Fucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase

MAAARDPPEVSLREATQRKLRRFSELRGKLVARGEFWDIVAITAADEKQELAYNQQLSEK
LKRKELPLGVQYHVFVDPAGAKIGNGGSTLCALQCLEKLYGDKWNSFTILLIHSGGYSQR
LPNASALGKIFTALPLGNPIYQMLELKLAMYIDFPLNMNPGILVTCADDIELYSIGEFEF
IRFDKPGFTALAHPSSLTIGTTHGVFVLDPFDDLKHRDLEYRSCHRFLHKPSIEKMYQFN
AVCRPGNFCQQDFAGGDIADLKLDSDYVYTDSLFYMDHKSAKMLLAFYEKIGTLSCEIDA
YGDFLQALGPGATVEYTRNTSNVIKEESELVEMRQRIFHLLKGTSLNVVVLNNSKFYHIG
TTEEYLFYFTSDNSLKSELGLQSITFSIFPDIPECSGKTSCIIQSILDSRCSVAPGSVVE
YSRLGPDVSVGENCIISGSYILTKAALPAHSFVCSLSLKMNRCLKYATMAFGVQDNLKKS
VKTLSDIKLLQFFGVCFLSCLDVWNLKVTEELFSGNKTCLSLWTARIFPVCSSLSDSVIT
SLKMLNAVKNKSAFSLNSYKLLSIEEMLIYKDVEDMITYREQIFLEISLKSSLM

Enzyme 3 Number of Residues

594

Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight

66598.1

Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI

6.44

Enzyme 3 GO Classification

Not Available

Enzyme 3 General Function

Involved in fucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase acti

Enzyme 3 Specific Function

Catalyzes the formation of GDP-L-fucose from GTP and L- fucose-1-phosphate. Functions as a salvage pathway to reutilize L- fucose arising from the turnover of glycoproteins and glycolipids

Enzyme 3 Pathways

Fructose and Mannose Metabolism (map00051 )

Enzyme 3 Reactions

GTP + beta-L-fucose 1-phosphate = diphosphate + GDP-L-fucose [RN:R01951]

Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function

Fucokinase (PF07959 )

Enzyme 3 Signals

None

Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 3 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein

2582185

Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

O14772

Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

FPGT_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 3 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 3 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence

>1785 bp

ATGGCAGCTGCTAGGGACCCTCCGGAAGTATCGCTGCGAGAAGCCACCCAGCGAAAATTG
CGGAGGTTTTCCGAGCTAAGAGGCAAACTTGTAGCACGTGGAGAATTCTGGGACATAGTT
GCAATAACAGCGGCTGATGAAAAACAGGAACTTGCTTACAACCAACAGCTGTCAGAAAAG
CTGAAAAGAAAGGAGTTACCCCTTGGAGTTCAATATCACGTTTTTGTGGATCCTGCTGGA
GCCAAAATTGGAAATGGAGGATCAACACTTTGTGCCCTTCAATGTTTGGAAAAGCTATAT
GGAGATAAATGGAATTCTTTTACCATCTTATTAATTCACTCTGGTGGCTACAGTCAACGA
CTTCCAAATGCAAGTGCTCTGGGAAAAATTTTCACTGCTTTACCTCTTGGTAACCCCATT
TATCAGATGCTAGAATTAAAGCTAGCCATGTACATTGATTTCCCCTTAAATATGAATCCT
GGAATTCTGGTTACCTGTGCAGATGATATTGAACTTTATAGTATTGGAGAATTTGAGTTT
ATTAGGTTTGACAAACCTGGCTTTACTGCTTTAGCTCATCCTTCTAGTTTGACGATAGGT
ACCACACATGGAGTATTTGTCTTAGATCCTTTTGATGATTTAAAACATAGAGACCTTGAA
TACAGGTCTTGCCATCGTTTCCTTCATAAGCCCAGCATAGAAAAGATGTATCAGTTTAAT
GCTGTGTGTAGACCTGGAAATTTTTGTCAACAGGACTTTGCTGGGGGTGACATTGCCGAT
CTTAAATTAGACTCTGACTATGTCTACACAGATAGCCTATTTTATATGGATCATAAATCA
GCAAAAATGTTACTTGCTTTTTATGAAAAAATAGGCACACTGAGCTGTGAAATAGATGCC
TATGGTGACTTTCTGCAGGCTTTGGGACCTGGAGCAACTGTGGAGTACACCAGAAACACA
TCACATGTCATTAAAGAAGAGTCAGAGTTGGTAGAAATGAGGCAGAGAATATTTCATCTT
CTTAAAGGAACATCACTAAATGTTGTTGTTCTTAATAACTCCAAATTTTATCACATTGGA
ACAACCGAAGAATATTTGTTTTACTTTACCTCAGATAACAGTTTAAAGTCAGAGCTCGGC
TTACAGTCCATAACTTTTAGTATCTTTCCAGATATACCAGAATGCTCTGGCAAAACATCC
TGTATCATTCAAAGCATACTGGATTCAAGATGTTCTGTGGCACCTGGCTCAGTTGTGGAG
TATTCCAGATTGGGGCCTGATGTTTCAGTTGGGGAAAACTGCATTATTAGTGGTTCTTAC
ATCCTAACAAAAGCTGCCCTCCCCGCACATTCTTTTGTATGTTCCTTAAGCTTAAAGATG
AATAGATGCTTAAAGTATGCAACTATGGCATTTGGAGTGCAAGACAACTTGAAAAAGAGT
GTGAAAACATTGTCAGATATAAAGTTACTTCAATTCTTTGGAGTCTGTTTCCTGTCATGC
TTAGATGTTTGGAATCTTAAAGTTACAGAGGAACTGTTCTCTGGTAACAAGACATGTCTG
AGTTTGTGGACTGCACGCATTTTCCCAGTTTGTTCTTCTTTGAGTGACTCAGTTATAACA
TCCCTAAAGATGTTAAATGCTGTTAAGAACAAGTCAGCATTCAGCCTGAATAGCTATAAG
TTGCTGTCCATTGAAGAAATGCTTATCTACAAAGATGTAGAAGATATGATAACTTACAGG
GAACAAATTTTTCTAGAAATCAGTTTAAAAAGCAGTTTGATGTAG

Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID

Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID

Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID

Enzyme 3 HGNC ID

Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 3 Locus

1p31.1

Enzyme 3 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 3 General References

Pastuszak I, Ketchum C, Hermanson G, Sjoberg EJ, Drake R, Elbein AD: GDP-L-fucose pyrophosphorylase. Purification, cDNA cloning, and properties of the enzyme. J Biol Chem. 1998 Nov 13;273(46):30165-74. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 3 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 4 [top]

Enzyme 4 ID

5492

Enzyme 4 Name

Squalene synthase

Enzyme 4 Synonyms

SQS
SS
FPP:FPP farnesyltransferase
Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase

Enzyme 4 Gene Name

FDFT1

Enzyme 4 Protein Sequence

>Squalene synthase

MEFVKCLGHPEEFYNLVRFRIGGKRKVMPKMDQDSLSSSLKTCYKYLNQTSRSFAAVIQA
LDGEMRNAVCIFYLVLRALDTLEDDMTISVEKKVPLLHNFHSFLYQPDWRFMESKEKDRQ
VLEDFPTISLEFRNLAEKYQTVIADICRRMGIGMAEFLDKHVTSEQEWDKYCHYVAGLVG
IGLSRLFSASEFEDPLVGEDTERANSMGLFLQKTNIIRDYLEDQQGGREFWPQEVWSRYV
KKLGDFAKPENIDLAVQCLNELITNALHHIPDVITYLSRLRNQSVFNFCAIPQVMAIATL
AACYNNQQVFKGAVKIRKGQAVTLMMDATNMPAVKAIIYQYMEEIYHRIPDSDPSSSKTR
QIISTIRTQNLPNCQLISRSHYSPIYLSFVMLLAALSWQYLTTLSQVTEDYVQTGEH

Enzyme 4 Number of Residues

417

Enzyme 4 Molecular Weight

48114.9

Enzyme 4 Theoretical pI

6.51

Enzyme 4 GO Classification

Function
catalytic activity farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase activity farnesyltranstransferase activity prenyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring alkyl or aryl (other than methyl) groups
Process
biosynthetic process lipid biosynthetic process lipid metabolic process metabolic process primary metabolic process
Component
cell part integral to membrane intrinsic to membrane membrane part

Enzyme 4 General Function

Involved in transferase activity

Enzyme 4 Specific Function

2 farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + presqualene diphosphate

Enzyme 4 Pathways

Steroid Biosynthesis (map00100 )
Squalene Biosynthesis (map00900 )

Enzyme 4 Reactions

(1) (1a) 2 farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + presqualene diphosphate [RN:R00702]
(2) (1b) presqualene diphosphate + NAD(P)H + H+ = squalene + diphosphate + NAD(P)+ [RN:R02872]

Enzyme 4 Pfam Domain Function

SQS_PSY (PF00494 )

Enzyme 4 Signals

None

Enzyme 4 Transmembrane Regions

284-304 384-404

Enzyme 4 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 4 GenBank ID Protein

Not Available

Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P37268

Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

FDFT_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 4 PDB ID

1EZF

Enzyme 4 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 4 3D Structure

Enzyme 4 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 4 Gene Sequence

>1254 bp

ATGGAGTTCGTGAAATGCCTTGGCCACCCCGAAGAGTTCTACAACCTGGTGCGCTTCCGG
ATCGGGGGCAAGCGGAAGGTGATGCCCAAGATGGACCAGGACTCGCTCAGCAGCAGCCTG
AAAACTTGCTACAAGTATCTCAATCAGACCAGTCGCAGTTTCGCAGCTGTTATCCAGGCG
CTGGATGGGGAAATGCGCAACGCAGTGTGCATATTTTATCTGGTTCTCCGAGCTCTGGAC
ACACTGGAAGATGACATGACCATCAGTGTGGAAAAGAAGGTCCCGCTGTTACACAACTTT
CACTCTTTCCTTTACCAACCAGACTGGCGGTTCATGGAGAGCAAGGAGAAGGATCGCCAG
GTGCTGGAGGACTTCCCAACGATCTCCCTTGAGTTTAGAAATCTGGCTGAGAAATACCAA
ACAGTGATTGCCGACATTTGCCGGAGAATGGGCATTGGGATGGCAGAGTTTTTGGATAAG
CATGTGACCTCTGAACAGGAGTGGGACAAGTACTGCCACTATGTTGCTGGGCTGGTCGGA
ATTGGCCTTTCCCGTCTTTTCTCAGCCTCAGAGTTTGAAGACCCCTTAGTTGGTGAAGAT
ACAGAACGTGCCAACTCTATGGGCCTGTTTCTGCAGAAAACAAACATCATCCGTGACTAT
CTGGAAGACCAGCAAGGAGGAAGAGAGTTCTGGCCTCAAGAGGTTTGGAGCAGGTATGTT
AAGAAGTTAGGGGATTTTGCTAAGCCGGAGAATATTGACTTGGCCGTGCAGTGCCTGAAT
GAACTTATAACCAATGCACTGCACCACATCCCAGATGTCATCACCTACCTTTCGAGACTC
AGAAACCAGAGTGTGTTTAACTTCTGCGCTATTCCACAGGTGATGGCCATTGCCACTTTG
GCTGCCTGTTATAATAACCAGCAGGTGTTCAAAGGGGCAGTGAAGATTCGGAAAGGGCAA
GCAGTGACCCTGATGATGGATGCCACCAATATGCCAGCTGTCAAAGCCATCATATATCAG
TATATGGAAGAGATTTATCATAGAATCCCCGACTCAGACCCATCTTCTAGCAAAACAAGG
CAGATCATCTCCACCATCCGGACGCAGAATCTTCCCAACTGTCAGCTGATTTCCCGAAGC
CACTACTCCCCCATCTACCTGTCGTTTGTCATGCTTTTGGCTGCCCTGAGCTGGCAGTAC
CTGACCACTCTCTCCCAGGTAACAGAAGACTATGTTCAGACTGGAGAACACTGA

Enzyme 4 GenBank Gene ID

Enzyme 4 GeneCard ID

Enzyme 4 GenAtlas ID

Enzyme 4 HGNC ID

Enzyme 4 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 4 Locus

8p23.1-p22

Enzyme 4 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 4 General References

Robinson GW, Tsay YH, Kienzle BK, Smith-Monroy CA, Bishop RW: Conservation between human and fungal squalene synthetases: similarities in structure, function, and regulation. Mol Cell Biol. 1993 May;13(5):2706-17. [PubMed ]
Jiang G, McKenzie TL, Conrad DG, Shechter I: Transcriptional regulation by lovastatin and 25-hydroxycholesterol in HepG2 cells and molecular cloning and expression of the cDNA for the human hepatic squalene synthase. J Biol Chem. 1993 Jun 15;268(17):12818-24. [PubMed ]
Summers C, Karst F, Charles AD: Cloning, expression and characterisation of the cDNA encoding human hepatic squalene synthase, and its relationship to phytoene synthase. Gene. 1993 Dec 22;136(1-2Che):185-92. [PubMed ]
Soltis DA, McMahon G, Caplan SL, Dudas DA, Chamberlin HA, Vattay A, Dottavio D, Rucker ML, Engstrom RG, Cornell-Kennon SA, et al.: Expression, purification, and characterization of the human squalene synthase: use of yeast and baculoviral systems. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1995 Feb 1;316(2):713-23. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Pandit J, Danley DE, Schulte GK, Mazzalupo S, Pauly TA, Hayward CM, Hamanaka ES, Thompson JF, Harwood HJ Jr: Crystal structure of human squalene synthase. A key enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. J Biol Chem. 2000 Sep 29;275(39):30610-7. [PubMed ]
Do R, Pare G, Montpetit A, Hudson TJ, Gaudet D, Engert JC: K45R variant of squalene synthase increases total cholesterol levels in two study samples from a French Canadian population. Hum Mutat. 2008 May;29(5):689-94. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 4 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 5 [top]

Enzyme 5 ID

5507

Enzyme 5 Name

Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial

Enzyme 5 Synonyms

Phenylalanine--tRNA ligase
PheRS

Enzyme 5 Gene Name

FARS2

Enzyme 5 Protein Sequence

>Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial

MVGSALRRGAHAYVYLVSKASHISRGHQHQAWGSRPPAAECATQRAPGSVVELLGKSYPQ
DDHSNLTRKVLTRVGRNLHNQQHHPLWLIKERVKEHFYKQYVGRFGTPLFSVYDNLSPVV
TTWQNFDSLLIPADHPSRKKGDNYYLNRTHMLRAHTSAHQWDLLHAGLDAFLVVGDVYRR
DQIDSQHYPIFHQLEAVRLFSKHELFAGIKDGESLQLFEQSSRSAHKQETHTMEAVKLVE
FDLKQTLTRLMAHLFGDELEIRWVDCYFPFTHPSFEMEINFHGEWLEVLGCGVMEQQLVN
SAGAQDRIGWAFGLGLERLAMILYDIPDIRLFWCEDERFLKQFCVSNINQKVKFQPLSKY
PAVINDISFWLPSENYAENDFYDLVRTIGGDLVEKVDLIDKFVHPKTHKTSHCYRITYRH
MERTLSQREVRHIHQALQEAAVQLLGVEGRF

Enzyme 5 Number of Residues

451

Enzyme 5 Molecular Weight

52356.2

Enzyme 5 Theoretical pI

7.48

Enzyme 5 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding RNA binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity binding catalytic activity cation binding ion binding ligase activity ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds magnesium ion binding metal ion binding nucleic acid binding nucleoside binding nucleotide binding phenylalanine-tRNA ligase activity purine nucleoside binding tRNA binding
Process
RNA metabolic process biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process ncRNA metabolic process phenylalanyl-tRNA aminoacylation tRNA aminoacylation tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation tRNA metabolic process tRNA processing translation
Component
cell part cytoplasm intracellular part

Enzyme 5 General Function

Involved in nucleotide binding

Enzyme 5 Specific Function

Catalyzes direct attachment of p-Tyr (Tyr) to tRNAPhe. Permits also, with a lower efficiency, the attachment of m-Tyr to tRNAPhe, thereby opening the way for delivery of the misacylated tRNA to the ribosome and incorporation of ROS-damaged amino acid into proteins

Enzyme 5 Pathways

Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (map00970 )
Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism (map00400 )

Enzyme 5 Reactions

ATP + L-phenylalanine + tRNAPhe = AMP + diphosphate + L-phenylalanyl-tRNAPhe [RN:R03660]

Enzyme 5 Pfam Domain Function

FDX-ACB (PF03147 )
tRNA-synt_2d (PF01409 )

Enzyme 5 Signals

None

Enzyme 5 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 5 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 5 GenBank ID Protein

Not Available

Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

O95363

Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

SYFM_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 5 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 5 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 5 Gene Sequence

>1356 bp

ATGGTGGGCTCAGCTCTCAGGAGAGGTGCCCATGCATATGTCTACCTGGTGAGTAAGGCC
AGTCACATCTCCAGAGGCCATCAGCACCAGGCCTGGGGATCGAGGCCTCCTGCAGCAGAG
TGTGCCACCCAAAGAGCTCCAGGCAGTGTGGTGGAGCTGCTGGGCAAATCCTACCCTCAG
GACGACCACAGCAACCTCACCCGGAAGGTCCTCACCAGAGTTGGCAGGAACCTGCACAAC
CAGCAGCATCACCCTCTGTGGCTGATCAAGGAGAGGGTGAAGGAGCACTTCTACAAGCAG
TATGTGGGCCGCTTTGGGACCCCGTTGTTCTCGGTCTACGACAACCTTTCTCCAGTGGTC
ACGACCTGGCAGAACTTTGACAGCCTGCTCATCCCAGCTGATCACCCCAGCAGGAAGAAG
GGGGACAACTATTACCTGAATCGGACTCACATGCTGAGAGCGCACACGTCTGCACACCAG
TGGGACTTGCTGCACGCGGGACTGGATGCCTTCCTGGTGGTGGGTGATGTCTACAGGCGT
GACCAGATCGACTCCCAGCACTACCCTATTTTCCACCAGCTGGAGGCCGTGCGGCTCTTC
TCCAAGCATGAGTTATTTGCTGGTATAAAGGATGGAGAAAGCCTGCAGCTCTTTGAACAA
AGTTCTCGCTCTGCGCATAAACAAGAGACACACACCATGGAGGCCGTGAAGCTTGTAGAG
TTTGATCTTAAGCAAACGCTTACCAGGCTCATGGCACATCTTTTTGGAGATGAGCTGGAG
ATAAGATGGGTAGACTGCTACTTCCCTTTTACACATCCTTCCTTTGAGATGGAGATCAAC
TTTCATGGAGAATGGCTGGAAGTTCTTGGCTGCGGGGTGATGGAACAACAACTGGTCAAT
TCAGCTGGTGCTCAAGACCGAATCGGCTGGGCTTTTGGCCTAGGATTAGAAAGGCTAGCC
ATGATCCTCTACGACATCCCTGATATCCGTCTCTTCTGGTGTGAGGACGAGCGCTTCCTG
AAGCAGTTCTGTGTATCCAACATTAATCAGAAGGTGAAGTTTCAGCCTCTTAGCAAATAT
CCGGCTGTGATCAATGATATTTCATTCTGGTTGCCCTCTGAGAATTACGCAGAAAATGAT
TTCTATGACTTAGTCCGAACAATTGGAGGAGACCTGGTGGAAAAGGTTGATCTCATAGAC
AAGTTTGTACATCCAAAGACGCACAAGACCAGCCACTGCTACCGCATCACGTACCGCCAC
ATGGAACGGACTCTGTCCCAGAGAGAGGTCAGGCACATCCACCAGGCCTTGCAGGAGGCT
GCAGTCCAGCTGTTGGGTGTGGAGGGCAGGTTCTGA

Enzyme 5 GenBank Gene ID

AF097441

Enzyme 5 GeneCard ID

FARS2

Enzyme 5 GenAtlas ID

FARS2

Enzyme 5 HGNC ID

HGNC:21062 Link Image

Enzyme 5 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 5 Locus

6p25.1

Enzyme 5 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 5 General References

Bullard JM, Cai YC, Demeler B, Spremulli LL: Expression and characterization of a human mitochondrial phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. J Mol Biol. 1999 May 14;288(4):567-77. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, Edwards CA, Ashurst JL, Wilming L, Jones MC, Horton R, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Gilbert JG, Clamp ME, Bethel G, Milne S, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Andrews TD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bray-Allen S, Brook J, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clark G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley V, Collier RE, Collins JE, Colman LK, Corby NR, Coville GJ, Culley KM, Dhami P, Davies J, Dunn M, Earthrowl ME, Ellington AE, Evans KA, Faulkner L, Francis MD, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori MJ, Gilby LM, Gillson CJ, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Grant M, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths M, Hall R, Halls KS, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart EA, Heath PD, Heathcott R, Holmes SJ, Howden PJ, Howe KL, Howell GR, Huckle E, Humphray SJ, Humphries MD, Hunt AR, Johnson CM, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan SJ, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd CR, Lloyd DM, Loveland JE, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Maslen GL, Matthews L, McCann OT, McLaren SJ, McLay K, McMurray A, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Niblett D, Nickerson T, Novik KL, Oliver K, Overton-Larty EK, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Phillimore B, Phillips S, Plumb RW, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Ranby SA, Rice CM, Ross MT, Searle SM, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Skuce CD, Smith S, Smith M, Spraggon L, Squares SL, Steward CA, Sycamore N, Tamlyn-Hall G, Tester J, Theaker AJ, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tubby B, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, White SS, Whitehead SL, Whittaker H, Wild A, Willey DJ, Wilmer TE, Wood JM, Wray PW, Wyatt JC, Young L, Younger RM, Bentley DR, Coulson A, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Sulston JE, Dunham I, Rogers J, Beck S: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. Nature. 2003 Oct 23;425(6960):805-11. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
Klipcan L, Levin I, Kessler N, Moor N, Finarov I, Safro M: The tRNA-induced conformational activation of human mitochondrial phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. Structure. 2008 Jul;16(7):1095-104. [PubMed ]
Klipcan L, Moor N, Kessler N, Safro MG: Eukaryotic cytosolic and mitochondrial phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the charging of tRNA with the meta-tyrosine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Jul 7;106(27):11045-8. Epub 2009 Jun 22. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 5 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 6 [top]

Enzyme 6 ID

5572

Enzyme 6 Name

Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 3

Enzyme 6 Synonyms

NMN adenylyltransferase 3
Nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase 3
NaMN adenylyltransferase 3
Pyridine nucleotide adenylyltransferase 3
PNAT-3

Enzyme 6 Gene Name

NMNAT3

Enzyme 6 Protein Sequence

>Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 3

MKSRIPVVLLACGSFNPITNMHLRMFEVARDHLHQTGMYQVIQGIISPVNDTYGKKDLAA
SHHRVAMARLALQTSDWIRVDPWESEQAQWMETVKVLRHHHSKLLRSPPQMEGPDHGKAL
FSTPAAVPELKLLCGADVLKTFQTPNLWKDAHIQEIVEKFGLVCVGRVGHDPKGYIAESP
ILRMHQHNIHLAKEPVQNEISATYIRRALGQGQSVKYLIPDAVITYIKDHGLYTKGSTWK
GKSTQSTEGKTS

Enzyme 6 Number of Residues

252

Enzyme 6 Molecular Weight

28321.5

Enzyme 6 Theoretical pI

9.69

Enzyme 6 GO Classification

Function
catalytic activity nucleotidyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
NAD biosynthetic process biosynthetic process cellular metabolic process coenzyme biosynthetic process coenzyme metabolic process cofactor metabolic process metabolic process nicotinamide nucleotide biosynthetic process pyridine nucleotide biosynthetic process
Component
—

Enzyme 6 General Function

Involved in nucleotidyltransferase activity

Enzyme 6 Specific Function

Catalyzes the formation of NAD(+) from nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and ATP. Can also use the deamidated form; nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN) as substrate with the same efficiency. Can use triazofurin monophosphate (TrMP) as substrate. Can also use GTP and ITP as nucleotide donors. Also catalyzes the reverse reaction, i.e. the pyrophosphorolytic cleavage of NAD(+). For the pyrophosphorolytic activity, can use NAD (+), NADH, NAAD, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NHD), nicotinamide guanine dinucleotide (NGD) as substrates. Fails to cleave phosphorylated dinucleotides NADP(+), NADPH and NAADP(+). Protects against axonal degeneration following injury

Enzyme 6 Pathways

Nicotinate and Nicotinamide Metabolism (map00760 )

Enzyme 6 Reactions

ATP + nicotinate ribonucleotide = diphosphate + deamido-NAD+ [RN:R03005]

Enzyme 6 Pfam Domain Function

CTP_transf_2 (PF01467 )

Enzyme 6 Signals

None

Enzyme 6 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 6 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 6 GenBank ID Protein

14029540

Enzyme 6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q96T66

Enzyme 6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

NMNA3_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 6 PDB ID

1NUU

Enzyme 6 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 6 3D Structure

Enzyme 6 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 6 Gene Sequence

>759 bp

ATGAAGAGCCGAATACCTGTGGTGCTCCTGGCCTGTGGCTCCTTTAACCCCATCACCAAC
ATGCACCTGCGCATGTTTGAGGTGGCCAGAGATCACCTACACCAAACAGGAATGTACCAG
GTCATCCAGGGTATCATCTCTCCTGTCAACGACACCTATGGGAAGAAAGACCTCGCAGCT
TCTCATCACCGAGTGGCCATGGCCCGGCTGGCCCTGCAGACATCCGACTGGATCCGGGTG
GACCCTTGGGAGAGTGAGCAGGCACAGTGGATGGAGACAGTGAAGGTGCTGAGGCATCAT
CACAGCAAACTGCTCAGATCTCCACCCCAGATGGAAGGCCCAGACCATGGCAAGGCACTC
TTCTCGACCCCTGCAGCTGTGCCTGAGCTGAAGCTTCTCTGTGGGGCAGACGTCTTGAAG
ACCTTCCAGACCCCCAACCTCTGGAAGGATGCGCACATCCAGGAAATAGTGGAGAAGTTT
GGCTTGGTGTGCGTGGGCCGAGTAAGTCACGACCCAAAAGGTTACATCGCAGAATCTCCC
ATCCTACGGATGCACCAGCACAACATTCACCTGGCCAAGGAGCCTGTGCAGAATGAGATC
AGTGCCACATACATCAGGCGAGCCTTGGGCCAAGGGCAGAGCGTAAAGTACCTGATTCCC
GATGCTGTCATCACGTACATCAAGGACCATGGCCTCTACACCAAGGGCAGTACCTGGAAA
GGCAAAAGCACCCAGAGCACTGAGGGCAAGACAAGCTAG

Enzyme 6 GenBank Gene ID

AF345564

Enzyme 6 GeneCard ID

NMNAT3

Enzyme 6 GenAtlas ID

NMNAT3

Enzyme 6 HGNC ID

HGNC:20989 Link Image

Enzyme 6 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 6 Locus

3q23

Enzyme 6 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 6 General References

Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Berger F, Lau C, Dahlmann M, Ziegler M: Subcellular compartmentation and differential catalytic properties of the three human nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase isoforms. J Biol Chem. 2005 Oct 28;280(43):36334-41. Epub 2005 Aug 23. [PubMed ]
Sorci L, Cimadamore F, Scotti S, Petrelli R, Cappellacci L, Franchetti P, Orsomando G, Magni G: Initial-rate kinetics of human NMN-adenylyltransferases: substrate and metal ion specificity, inhibition by products and multisubstrate analogues, and isozyme contributions to NAD+ biosynthesis. Biochemistry. 2007 Apr 24;46(16):4912-22. Epub 2007 Apr 3. [PubMed ]
Zhang X, Kurnasov OV, Karthikeyan S, Grishin NV, Osterman AL, Zhang H: Structural characterization of a human cytosolic NMN/NaMN adenylyltransferase and implication in human NAD biosynthesis. J Biol Chem. 2003 Apr 11;278(15):13503-11. Epub 2003 Feb 6. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 6 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 7 [top]

Enzyme 7 ID

5573

Enzyme 7 Name

Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating]

Enzyme 7 Synonyms

Quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase [decarboxylating]
QAPRTase
QPRTase

Enzyme 7 Gene Name

QPRT

Enzyme 7 Protein Sequence

>Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating]

MDAEGLALLLPPVTLAALVDSWLREDCPGLNYAALVSGAGPSQAALWAKSPGVLAGQPFF
DAIFTQLNCQVSWFLPEGSKLVPVARVAEVRGPAHCLLLGERVALNTLARCSGIASAAAA
AVEAARGAGWTGHVAGTRKTTPGFRLVEKYGLLVGGAASHRYDLGGLVMVKDNHVVAAGG
VEKAVRAARQAADFTLKVEVECSSLQEAVQAAEAGADLVLLDNFKPEELHPTATVLKAQF
PSVAVEASGGITLDNLPQFCGPHIDVISMGMLTQAAPALDFSLKLFAKEVAPVPKIH

Enzyme 7 Number of Residues

297

Enzyme 7 Molecular Weight

30845.3

Enzyme 7 Theoretical pI

6.15

Enzyme 7 GO Classification

Function
catalytic activity nicotinate-nucleotide diphosphorylase (carboxylating) activity nicotinate-nucleotide diphosphorylase (carboxylating) activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups transferase activity, transferring pentosyl groups
Process
NAD biosynthetic process cellular metabolic process coenzyme biosynthetic process coenzyme metabolic process cofactor metabolic process metabolic process nicotinamide nucleotide biosynthetic process pyridine nucleotide biosynthetic process
Component
—

Enzyme 7 General Function

Involved in catalytic activity

Enzyme 7 Specific Function

Involved in the catabolism of quinolinic acid (QA)

Enzyme 7 Pathways

Nicotinate and Nicotinamide Metabolism (map00760 )

Enzyme 7 Reactions

nicotinate D-ribonucleotide + diphosphate + CO2 = pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylate + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate [RN:R03348]

Enzyme 7 Pfam Domain Function

QRPTase_C (PF01729 )
QRPTase_N (PF02749 )

Enzyme 7 Signals

None

Enzyme 7 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 7 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 7 GenBank ID Protein

13477197

Enzyme 7 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q15274

Enzyme 7 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

NADC_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 7 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 7 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 7 Gene Sequence

>894 bp

ATGGACGCTGAAGGCCTGGCGCTGCTGCTGCCGCCCGTCACCCTGGCAGCCCTGGTGGAC
AGCTGGCTCCGAGAGGACTGCCCAGGGCTCAACTACGCAGCCTTGGTCAGCGGGGCAGGC
CCCTCGCAGGCGGCGCTGTGGGCCAAATCCCCTGGGATACTGGCAGGGCAGCCTTTCTTC
GATGCCATATTTACCCAACTCAACTGCCAAGTCTCCTGGTTCCTCCCCGAGGGATCGAAG
CTGGTGCCGGTGGCCAGAGTGGCCGAGGTCCGGGGCCCTGCCCACTGCCTGCTGCTGGGG
GAACGGGTGGCCCTCAACACGCTGGCCCGCTGCAGTGGCATTGCCAGTGCTGCCGCCGCT
GCAGTGGAGGCCGCCAGGGGGGCCGGCTGGACTGGGCACGTGGCAGGCACGAGGAAGACC
ACGCCAGGCTTCCGGCTGGTGGAGAAGTATGGGCTCCTGGTGGGCGGGGCCGCCTCGCAC
CGCTACGACCTGGGAGGGCTGGTGATGGTGAAGGATAACCATGTGGTGGCCGCCGGTGGC
GTGGAGAAGGCGGTGCGGGCGGCCAGACAGGCGGCTGACTTCGCTCTGAAGGTGGAAGTG
GAATGCAGCAGCCTGCAGGAGGCCGTGCAGGCAGCTGAGGCTGGTGCCGACCTTGTCCTG
CTGGACAACTTCAAGCCAGAGGAGCTGCACCCCACGGCCACCGTGCTGAAGGCCCAGTTC
CCGAGTGTGGCTGTGGAAGCCAGTGGGGGCATCACCCTGGACAACCTCCCCCAGTTCTGC
GGGCCGCACATAGACGTCATCTCCATGGGGATGCTGACCCAGGCGGCCCCAGCCCTTGAT
TTCTCCCTCAAGCTGTTTGCCAAAGAGGTGGCTCCAGTGCCCAAAATCCACTAG

Enzyme 7 GenBank Gene ID

Enzyme 7 GeneCard ID

Enzyme 7 GenAtlas ID

Enzyme 7 HGNC ID

Enzyme 7 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 7 Locus

16p11.2

Enzyme 7 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 7 General References

Fukuoka SI, Nyaruhucha CM, Shibata K: Characterization and functional expression of the cDNA encoding human brain quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998 Jan 21;1395(2):192-201. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Liu H, Woznica K, Catton G, Crawford A, Botting N, Naismith JH: Structural and kinetic characterization of quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (hQPRTase) from homo sapiens. J Mol Biol. 2007 Oct 26;373(3):755-63. Epub 2007 Aug 24. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 7 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 8 [top]

Enzyme 8 ID

5574

Enzyme 8 Name

Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2

Enzyme 8 Synonyms

NMN adenylyltransferase 2
Nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase 2
NaMN adenylyltransferase 2

Enzyme 8 Gene Name

NMNAT2

Enzyme 8 Protein Sequence

>Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2

MTETTKTHVILLACGSFNPITKGHIQMFERARDYLHKTGRFIVIGGIVSPVHDSYGKQGL
VSSRHRLIMCQLAVQNSDWIRVDPWECYQDTWQTTCSVLEHHRDLMKRVTGCILSNVNTP
SMTPVIGQPQNETPQPIYQNSNVATKPTAAKILGKVGESLSRICCVRPPVERFTFVDENA
NLGTVMRYEEIELRILLLCGSDLLESFCIPGLWNEADMEVIVGDFGIVVVPRDAADTDRI
MNHSSILRKYKNNIMVVKDDINHPMSVVSSTKSRLALQHGDGHVVDYLSQPVIDYILKSQ
LYINASG

Enzyme 8 Number of Residues

307

Enzyme 8 Molecular Weight

34438.4

Enzyme 8 Theoretical pI

7.07

Enzyme 8 GO Classification

Function
catalytic activity nucleotidyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
NAD biosynthetic process biosynthetic process cellular metabolic process coenzyme biosynthetic process coenzyme metabolic process cofactor metabolic process metabolic process nicotinamide nucleotide biosynthetic process pyridine nucleotide biosynthetic process
Component
—

Enzyme 8 General Function

Involved in nucleotidyltransferase activity

Enzyme 8 Specific Function

Catalyzes the formation of NAD(+) from nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and ATP. Can also use the deamidated form; nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN) as substrate but with a lower efficiency. Cannnot use triazofurin monophosphate (TrMP) as substrate. Also catalyzes the reverse reaction, i.e. the pyrophosphorolytic cleavage of NAD(+). For the pyrophosphorolytic activity prefers NAD(+), NADH and NAAD as substrates and degrades nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NHD) less effectively. Fails to cleave phosphorylated dinucleotides NADP(+), NADPH and NAADP(+)

Enzyme 8 Pathways

Nicotinate and Nicotinamide Metabolism (map00760 )

Enzyme 8 Reactions

ATP + nicotinate ribonucleotide = diphosphate + deamido-NAD+ [RN:R03005]

Enzyme 8 Pfam Domain Function

CTP_transf_2 (PF01467 )

Enzyme 8 Signals

None

Enzyme 8 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 8 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 8 GenBank ID Protein

24307989

Enzyme 8 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q9BZQ4

Enzyme 8 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

NMNA2_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 8 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 8 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 8 Gene Sequence

>924 bp

ATGACCGAGACCACCAAGACCCACGTTATCTTGCTCGCCTGCGGCAGCTTCAATCCCATC
ACCAAAGGGCACATTCAGATGTTTGAAAGAGCCAGGGATTATCTGCACAAAACTGGAAGG
TTTATTGTGATTGGCGGGATTGTCTCCCCTGTCCACGACTCCTATGGAAAACAGGGCCTC
GTGTCAAGCCGGCACCGTCTCATCATGTGTCAGCTGGCCGTCCAGAATTCTGATTGGATC
AGGGTGGACCCTTGGGAGTGCTACCAGGACACCTGGCAGACGACCTGCAGCGTGTTGGAA
CACCACCGGGACCTCATGAAGAGGGTGACTGGCTGCATCCTCTCCAATGTCAACACACCT
TCCATGACACCTGTGATCGGACAGCCACAAAACGAGACCCCCCAGCCCATTTACCAGAAC
AGCAACGTGGCCACCAAGCCCACTGCAGCCAAGATCTTGGGGAAGGTGGGAGAAAGCCTC
AGCCGGATCTGCTGTGTCCGCCCGCCGGTGGAGCGTTTCACCTTTGTAGATGAGAATGCC
AATCTGGGCACGGTGATGCGGTATGAAGAGATTGAGCTACGGATCCTGCTGCTGTGTGGT
AGTGACCTGCTGGAGTCCTTCTGCATCCCAGGGCTCTGGAACGAGGCAGATATGGAGGTG
ATTGTTGGTGACTTTGGGATTGTGGTGGTGCCCCGGGATGCAGCCGACACAGACCGAATC
ATGAATCACTCCTCAATACTCCGCAAATACAAAAACAACATCATGGTGGTGAAGGATGAC
ATCAACCATCCCATGTCTGTTGTCAGCTCAACCAAGAGCAGGCTGGCCCTGCAGCATGGG
GACGGCCATGTTGTGGATTACCTGTCCCAGCCGGTCATCGACTACATCCTCAAAAGCCAG
CTGTACATCAATGCCTCCGGCTAG

Enzyme 8 GenBank Gene ID

NM_015039.2 Link Image

Enzyme 8 GeneCard ID

NMNAT2

Enzyme 8 GenAtlas ID

NMNAT2

Enzyme 8 HGNC ID

HGNC:16789 Link Image

Enzyme 8 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 8 Locus

1q25

Enzyme 8 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 8 General References

Sood R, Bonner TI, Makalowska I, Stephan DA, Robbins CM, Connors TD, Morgenbesser SD, Su K, Faruque MU, Pinkett H, Graham C, Baxevanis AD, Klinger KW, Landes GM, Trent JM, Carpten JD: Cloning and characterization of 13 novel transcripts and the human RGS8 gene from the 1q25 region encompassing the hereditary prostate cancer (HPC1) locus. Genomics. 2001 Apr 15;73(2):211-22. [PubMed ]
Seki N, Ohira M, Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Miyajima N, Nakajima D, Nomura N, Ohara O: Characterization of cDNA clones in size-fractionated cDNA libraries from human brain. DNA Res. 1997 Oct 31;4(5):345-9. [PubMed ]
Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Raffaelli N, Sorci L, Amici A, Emanuelli M, Mazzola F, Magni G: Identification of a novel human nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Oct 4;297(4):835-40. [PubMed ]
Yalowitz JA, Xiao S, Biju MP, Antony AC, Cummings OW, Deeg MA, Jayaram HN: Characterization of human brain nicotinamide 5'-mononucleotide adenylyltransferase-2 and expression in human pancreas. Biochem J. 2004 Jan 15;377(Pt 2):317-26. [PubMed ]
Berger F, Lau C, Dahlmann M, Ziegler M: Subcellular compartmentation and differential catalytic properties of the three human nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase isoforms. J Biol Chem. 2005 Oct 28;280(43):36334-41. Epub 2005 Aug 23. [PubMed ]
Sorci L, Cimadamore F, Scotti S, Petrelli R, Cappellacci L, Franchetti P, Orsomando G, Magni G: Initial-rate kinetics of human NMN-adenylyltransferases: substrate and metal ion specificity, inhibition by products and multisubstrate analogues, and isozyme contributions to NAD+ biosynthesis. Biochemistry. 2007 Apr 24;46(16):4912-22. Epub 2007 Apr 3. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 8 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 9 [top]

Enzyme 9 ID

5581

Enzyme 9 Name

Bifunctional 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 1

Enzyme 9 Synonyms

PAPS synthase 1
PAPSS 1
Sulfurylase kinase 1
SK 1
SK1
Sulfate adenylyltransferase
ATP-sulfurylase
Sulfate adenylate transferase
SAT
Adenylyl-sulfate kinase
3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate synthase
APS kinase
Adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate 3'-phosphotransferase
Adenylylsulfate 3'-phosphotransferase

Enzyme 9 Gene Name

PAPSS1

Enzyme 9 Protein Sequence

>Bifunctional 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 1

MEIPGSLCKKVKLSNNAQNWGMQRATNVTYQAHHVSRNKRGQVVGTRGGFRGCTVWLTGL
SGAGKTTVSMALEEYLVCHGIPCYTLDGDNIRQGLNKNLGFSPEDREENVRRIAEVAKLF
ADAGLVCITSFISPYTQDRNNARQIHEGASLPFFEVFVDAPLHVCEQRDVKGLYKKARAG
EIKGFTGIDSEYEKPEAPELVLKTDSCDVNDCVQQVVELLQERDIVPVDASYEVKELYVP
ENKLHLAKTDAETLPALKINKVDMQWVQVLAEGWATPLNGFMREREYLQCLHFDCLLDGG
VINLSVPIVLTATHEDKERLDGCTAFALMYEGRRVAILRNPEFFEHRKEERCARQWGTTC
KNHPYIKMVMEQGDWLIGGDLQVLDRVYWNDGLDQYRLTPTELKQKFKDMNADAVFAFQL
RNPVHNGHALLMQDTHKQLLERGYRRPVLLLHPLGGWTKDDDVPLMWRMKQHAAVLEEGV
LNPETTVVAIFPSPMMYAGPTEVQWHCRARMVAGANFYIVGRDPAGMPHPETGKDLYEPS
HGAKVLTMAPGLITLEIVPFRVAAYNKKKKRMDYYDSEHHEDFEFISGTRMRKLAREGQK
PPEGFMAPKAWTVLTEYYKSLEKA

Enzyme 9 Number of Residues

624

Enzyme 9 Molecular Weight

70832.7

Enzyme 9 Theoretical pI

6.85

Enzyme 9 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding adenylyltransferase activity binding catalytic activity kinase activity nucleoside binding nucleotidyltransferase activity purine nucleoside binding sulfate adenylyltransferase (ATP) activity sulfate adenylyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
cellular metabolic process metabolic process sulfate assimilation sulfur metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 9 General Function

Involved in ATP binding

Enzyme 9 Specific Function

Bifunctional enzyme with both ATP sulfurylase and APS kinase activity, which mediates two steps in the sulfate activation pathway. The first step is the transfer of a sulfate group to ATP to yield adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS), and the second step is the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to APS yielding 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate (PAPS:activated sulfate donor used by sulfotransferase). In mammals, PAPS is the sole source of sulfate; APS appears to be only an intermediate in the sulfate- activation pathway. Also involved in the biosynthesis of sulfated L-selectin ligands in endothelial cells

Enzyme 9 Pathways

Purine Metabolism (map00230 )
Selenoamino Acid Metabolism (map00450 )
Sulfate and Sulfite Metabolism (map00920 )

Enzyme 9 Reactions

ATP + sulfate = diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate [RN:R00529]

Enzyme 9 Pfam Domain Function

APS_kinase (PF01583 )
ATP-sulfurylase (PF01747 )

Enzyme 9 Signals

None

Enzyme 9 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 9 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 9 GenBank ID Protein

2673862

Enzyme 9 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

O43252

Enzyme 9 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

PAPS1_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 9 PDB ID

1X6V

Enzyme 9 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 9 3D Structure

Enzyme 9 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 9 Gene Sequence

>1875 bp

ATGGAGATCCCCGGGAGCTTGTGCAAGAAAGTCAAGCTGAGCAATAACGCGCAGAACTGG
GGAATGCAGAGAGCAACCAATGTCACCTACCAAGCCCATCATGTCAGCAGGAACAAGAGA
GGTCAGGTGGTGGGGACCAGAGGTGGCTTTCGTGGTTGCACAGTTTGGCTAACAGGCTTG
TCTGGAGCGGGAAAGACTACTGTGAGCATGGCCTTGGAGGAGTACCTGGTTTGTCATGGT
ATTCCATGCTACACTCTGGATGGTGACAATATTCGTCAAGGTCTCAATAAAAATCTTGGC
TTTAGTCCTGAAGACAGAGAAGAGAATGTTCGACGCATCGCAGAAGTTGCTAAACTGTTT
GCAGATGCTGGCTTAGTGTGCATCACAAGTTTCATATCACCTTACACTCAGGATCGCAAC
AATGCAAGGCAAATTCATGAAGGTGCAAGTTTACCGTTTTTTGAAGTATTTGTTGATGCT
CCTCTGCATGTTTGTGAACAGAGGGATGTCAAAGGACTCTACAAAAAAGCCCGGGCAGGA
GAAATTAAAGGTTTCACTGGGATCGATTCTGAATATGAAAAGCCAGAGGCCCCTGAGTTG
GTGCTGAAAACAGACTCCTGTGATGTAAATGACTGTGTCCAGCAAGTTGTGGAACTTCTA
CAGGAACGGGATATTGTACCTGTGGATGCATCTTATGAAGTAAAAGAACTATATGTGCCA
GAAAATAAACTTCATTTGGCAAAAACAGATGCGGAAACATTACCAGCACTGAAAATTAAT
AAAGTGGATATGCAGTGGGTGCAGGTTTTGGCAGAAGGTTGGGCAACCCCATTGAATGGC
TTTATGAGAGAGAGGGAGTACTTGCAGTGCCTTCATTTTGATTGTCTTCTGGATGGAGGT
GTCATTAACTTGTCAGTACCTATAGTTCTGACTGCGACTCATGAAGATAAAGAGAGGCTG
GACGGCTGTACAGCATTTGCTCTGATGTATGAGGGCCGCCGTGTGGCCATTCTTCGCAAT
CCAGAGTTTTTTGAGCACAGGAAAGAGGAGCGCTGTGCCAGACAGTGGGGAACGACATGC
AAGAACCACCCCTATATTAAGATGGTGATGGAACAAGGAGATTGGCTGATTGGAGGAGAT
CTTCAAGTCTTGGATCGAGTTTATTGGAATGATGGTCTTGATCAGTATCGTCTTACTCCT
ACTGAGCTAAAGCAGAAATTTAAAGATATGAATGCTGATGCTGTCTTTGCATTTCAACTA
CGCAACCCAGTGCACAATGGACATGCCCTGTTAATGCAGGATACCCATAAGCAACTTCTA
GAGAGGGGCTACCGGCGCCCTGTCCTCCTCCTCCACCCTCTGGGTGCTTGGACAAAGGAT
GACGATGTTCCTTTGATGTGGCGTATGAAGCAGCATGCTGCAGTGTTGGAGGAAGGAGTT
CTGAATCCTGAGACGACAGTGGTGGCCATCTTCCCATCTCCCATGATGTATGCTGGACCA
ACTGAGGTCCAGTGGCATTGCAGAGCACGGATGGTTGCAGGAGCCAACTTTTACATTGTT
GGACGAGACCCTGCTGGCATGCCTCATCCAGAAACAGGGAAGGATCTTTATGAGCCAAGT
CATGGTGCCAAAGTGCTGACGATGGCCCCTGGTTTAATCACTTTGGAAATAGTTCCCTTT
CGAGTTGCAGCTTACAACAAGAAAAAGAAGCGTATGGACTACTATGACTCTGAACACCAT
GAAGACTTTGAATTTATTTCAGGAACACGAATGCGCAAACTTGCTCGAGAAGGCCAGAAA
CCACCTGAAGGTTTCATGGCTCCCAAGGCTTGGACCGTGCTGACAGAATACTACAAATCC
TTGGAGAAAGCTTAG

Enzyme 9 GenBank Gene ID

Enzyme 9 GeneCard ID

Enzyme 9 GenAtlas ID

Enzyme 9 HGNC ID

Enzyme 9 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 9 Locus

4q24

Enzyme 9 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 9 General References

Girard JP, Baekkevold ES, Amalric F: Sulfation in high endothelial venules: cloning and expression of the human PAPS synthetase. FASEB J. 1998 May;12(7):603-12. [PubMed ]
Venkatachalam KV, Akita H, Strott CA: Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of human bifunctional 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase and its functional domains. J Biol Chem. 1998 Jul 24;273(30):19311-20. [PubMed ]
Yanagisawa K, Sakakibara Y, Suiko M, Takami Y, Nakayama T, Nakajima H, Takayanagi K, Natori Y, Liu MC: cDNA cloning, expression, and characterization of the human bifunctional ATP sulfurylase/adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate kinase enzyme. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1998 May;62(5):1037-40. [PubMed ]
Xu ZH, Otterness DM, Freimuth RR, Carlini EJ, Wood TC, Mitchell S, Moon E, Kim UJ, Xu JP, Siciliano MJ, Weinshilboum RM: Human 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthetase 1 (PAPSS1) and PAPSS2: gene cloning, characterization and chromosomal localization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Feb 16;268(2):437-44. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Venkatachalam KV, Fuda H, Koonin EV, Strott CA: Site-selected mutagenesis of a conserved nucleotide binding HXGH motif located in the ATP sulfurylase domain of human bifunctional 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jan 29;274(5):2601-4. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 9 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 10 [top]

Enzyme 10 ID

5589

Enzyme 10 Name

Bifunctional 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 2

Enzyme 10 Synonyms

PAPS synthase 2
PAPSS 2
Sulfurylase kinase 2
SK 2
SK2
Sulfate adenylyltransferase
ATP-sulfurylase
Sulfate adenylate transferase
SAT
Adenylyl-sulfate kinase
3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate synthase
APS kinase
Adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate 3'-phosphotransferase
Adenylylsulfate 3'-phosphotransferase

Enzyme 10 Gene Name

PAPSS2

Enzyme 10 Protein Sequence

>Bifunctional 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 2

MSGIKKQKTENQQKSTNVVYQAHHVSRNKRGQVVGTRGGFRGCTVWLTGLSGAGKTTISF
ALEEYLVSHAIPCYSLDGDNVRHGLNRNLGFSPGDREENIRRIAEVAKLFADAGLVCITS
FISPFAKDRENARKIHESAGLPFFEIFVDAPLNICESRDVKGLYKRARAGEIKGFTGIDS
DYEKPETPERVLKTNLSTVSDCVHQVVELLQEQNIVPYTIIKDIHELFVPENKLDHVRAE
AETLPSLSITKLDLQWVQVLSEGWATPLKGFMREKEYLQVMHFDTLLDDGVINMSIPIVL
PVSAEDKTRLEGCSKFVLAHGGRRVAILRDAEFYEHRKEERCSRVWGTTCTKHPHIKMVM
ESGDWLVGGDLQVLEKIRWNDGLDQYRLTPLELKQKCKEMNADAVFAFQLRNPVHNGHAL
LMQDTRRRLLERGYKHPVLLLHPLGGWTKDDDVPLDWRMKQHAAVLEEGVLDPKSTIVAI
FPSPMLYAGPTEVQWHCRSRMIAGANFYIVGRDPAGMPHPETKKDLYEPTHGGKVLSMAP
GLTSVEIIPFRVAAYNKAKKAMDFYDPARHNEFDFISGTRMRKLAREGENPPDGFMAPKA
WKVLTDYYRSLEKN

Enzyme 10 Number of Residues

614

Enzyme 10 Molecular Weight

69500.2

Enzyme 10 Theoretical pI

8.13

Enzyme 10 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding adenylyltransferase activity binding catalytic activity kinase activity nucleoside binding nucleotidyltransferase activity purine nucleoside binding sulfate adenylyltransferase (ATP) activity sulfate adenylyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
cellular metabolic process metabolic process sulfate assimilation sulfur metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 10 General Function

Involved in ATP binding

Enzyme 10 Specific Function

Bifunctional enzyme with both ATP sulfurylase and APS kinase activity, which mediates two steps in the sulfate activation pathway. The first step is the transfer of a sulfate group to ATP to yield adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS), and the second step is the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to APS yielding 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate (PAPS:activated sulfate donor used by sulfotransferase). In mammals, PAPS is the sole source of sulfate; APS appears to be only an intermediate in the sulfate- activation pathway. May have a important role in skeletogenesis during postnatal growth

Enzyme 10 Pathways

Purine Metabolism (map00230 )
Selenoamino Acid Metabolism (map00450 )
Sulfate and Sulfite Metabolism (map00920 )

Enzyme 10 Reactions

ATP + sulfate = diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate [RN:R00529]

Enzyme 10 Pfam Domain Function

APS_kinase (PF01583 )
ATP-sulfurylase (PF01747 )

Enzyme 10 Signals

None

Enzyme 10 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 10 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 10 GenBank ID Protein

5052075

Enzyme 10 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

O95340

Enzyme 10 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

PAPS2_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 10 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 10 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 10 Gene Sequence

>1845 bp

ATGTCGGGGATCAAGAAGCAAAAGACGGAGAACCAGCAGAAATCCACCAATGTAGTCTAT
CAGGCCCACCATGTGAGCAGGAATAAGAGAGGGCAAGTGGTTGGAACAAGGGGTGGGTTC
CGAGGATGTACCGTGTGGCTAACAGGTCTCTCTGGTGCTGGAAAAACAACGATAAGTTTT
GCCCTGGAGGAGTACCTTGTCTCCCATGCCATCCCTTGTTACTCCCTGGATGGGGACAAT
GTCCGTCATGGCCTTAACAGAAATCTCGGATTCTCTCCTGGGGACAGAGAGGAAAATATC
CGCCGGATTGCTGAGGTGGCTAAGCTGTTTGCTGATGCTGGTCTGGTCTGCATTACCAGC
TTTATTTCTCCATTCGCAAAGGATCGTGAGAATGCCCGCAAAATACATGAATCAGCAGGG
CTGCCATTCTTTGAAATATTTGTAGATGCACCTCTAAATATTTGTGAAAGCAGAGACGTA
AAAGGCCTCTATAAAAAGGCCAGAGCTGGGGAGATTAAAGGATTTACAGGTATTGATTCT
GATTATGAGAAACCTGAAACTCCTGAGCGTGTGCTTAAAACCAATTTGTCCACAGTGAGT
GACTGTGTCCACCAGGTAGTGGAACTTCTGCAAGAGCAGAACATTGTACCCTATACTATA
ATCAAAGATATCCACGAACTCTTTGTGCCGGAAAACAAACTTGACCACGTCCGAGCTGAG
GCTGAAACTCTCCCTTCATTATCAATTACTAAGCTGGATCTCCAGTGGGTCCAGGTTTTG
AGCGAAGGCTGGGCCACTCCCCTCAAAGGTTTCATGCGGGAGAAGGAGTACTTACAGGTT
ATGCACTTTGACACCCTGCTAGATGATGGCGTGATCAACATGAGCATCCCCATTGTACTG
CCCGTCTCTGCAGAGGATAAGACACGGCTGGAAGGGTGCAGCAAGTTTGTCCTGGCACAT
GGTGGACGGAGGGTAGCTATCTTACGAGACGCTGAATTCTATGAACACAGAAAAGAGGAA
CGCTGTTCCCGTGTTTGGGGGACAACATGTACAAAACACCCCCATATCAAAATGGTGATG
GAAAGTGGGGACTGGCTGGTTGGTGGAGACCTTCAGGTGCTGGAGAAAATAAGATGGAAT
GATGGGCTGGACCAATACCGTCTGACACCTCTGGAGCTCAAACAGAAATGTAAAGAAATG
AATGCTGATGCGGTGTTTGCATTCCAGTTGCGCAATCCTGTCCACAATGGCCATGCCCTG
TTGATGCAGGACACTCGCCGCAGGCTCCTAGAGAGGGGCTACAAGCACCCGGTCCTCCTA
CTACACCCTCTGGGCGGCTGGACCAAGGATGACGATGTGCCTCTAGACTGGCGGATGAAG
CAGCACGCGGCTGTGCTCGAGGAAGGGGTCCTGGATCCCAAGTCAACCATTGTTGCCATC
TTTCCGTCTCCCATGTTATATGCTGGCCCCACAGAGGTCCAGTGGCACTGCAGGTCCCGG
ATGATTGCGGGTGCCAATTTCTACATTGTGGGGAGGGACCCTGCAGGAATGCCCCATCCT
GAAACCAAGAAGGATCTGTATGAACCCACTCATGGGGGCAAGGTCTTGAGCATGGCCCCT
GGCCTCACCTCTGTGGAAATCATTCCATTCCGAGTGGCTGCCTACAACAAAGCCAAAAAA
GCCATGGACTTCTATGATCTAGCAAGGCACAATGAGTTTGACTTCATCTCAGGAACTCGA
ATGAGGAAGCTCGCCCGGGAAGGAGAGAATCCCCCAGATGGCTTCATGGCCCCCAAAGCA
TGGAAGGTCCTGACAGATTATTACAGGTCCCTGGAGAAGAACTAA

Enzyme 10 GenBank Gene ID

AF074331

Enzyme 10 GeneCard ID

PAPSS2

Enzyme 10 GenAtlas ID

PAPSS2

Enzyme 10 HGNC ID

HGNC:8604

Enzyme 10 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 10 Locus

10q24

Enzyme 10 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 10 General References

ul Haque MF, King LM, Krakow D, Cantor RM, Rusiniak ME, Swank RT, Superti-Furga A, Haque S, Abbas H, Ahmad W, Ahmad M, Cohn DH: Mutations in orthologous genes in human spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia and the brachymorphic mouse. Nat Genet. 1998 Oct;20(2):157-62. [PubMed ]
Xu ZH, Otterness DM, Freimuth RR, Carlini EJ, Wood TC, Mitchell S, Moon E, Kim UJ, Xu JP, Siciliano MJ, Weinshilboum RM: Human 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthetase 1 (PAPSS1) and PAPSS2: gene cloning, characterization and chromosomal localization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Feb 16;268(2):437-44. [PubMed ]
Kurima K, Singh B, Schwartz NB: Genomic organization of the mouse and human genes encoding the ATP sulfurylase/adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate kinase isoform SK2. J Biol Chem. 1999 Nov 19;274(47):33306-12. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Ahmad M, Haque MF, Ahmad W, Abbas H, Haque S, Krakow D, Rimoin DL, Lachman RS, Cohn DH: Distinct, autosomal recessive form of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia segregating in an inbred Pakistani kindred. Am J Med Genet. 1998 Aug 6;78(5):468-73. [PubMed ]
Noordam C, Dhir V, McNelis JC, Schlereth F, Hanley NA, Krone N, Smeitink JA, Smeets R, Sweep FC, Claahsen-van der Grinten HL, Arlt W: Inactivating PAPSS2 mutations in a patient with premature pubarche. N Engl J Med. 2009 May 28;360(22):2310-8. [PubMed ]
Xu ZH, Freimuth RR, Eckloff B, Wieben E, Weinshilboum RM: Human 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthetase 2 (PAPSS2) pharmacogenetics: gene resequencing, genetic polymorphisms and functional characterization of variant allozymes. Pharmacogenetics. 2002 Jan;12(1):11-21. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 10 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 11 [top]

Enzyme 11 ID

5636

Enzyme 11 Name

N-acylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase

Enzyme 11 Synonyms

CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid synthase
CMP-NeuNAc synthase

Enzyme 11 Gene Name

CMAS

Enzyme 11 Protein Sequence

>N-acylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase

MDSVEKGAATSVSNPRGRPSRGRPPKLQRNSRGGQGRGVEKPPHLAALILARGGSKGIPL
KNIKHLAGVPLIGWVLRAALDSGAFQSVWVSTDHDEIENVAKQFGAQVHRRSSEVSKDSS
TSLDAIIEFLNYHNEVDIVGNIQATSPCLHPTDLQKVAEMIREEGYDSVFSVVRRHQFRW
SEIQKGVREVTEPLNLNPAKRPRRQDWDGELYENGSFYFAKRHLIEMGYLQGGKMAYYEM
RAEHSVDIDVDIDWPIAEQRVLRYGYFGKEKLKEIKLLVCNIDGCLTNGHIYVSGDQKEI
ISYDVKDAIGISLLKKSGIEVRLISERACSKQTLSSLKLDCKMEVSVSDKLAVVDEWRKE
MGLCWKEVAYLGNEVSDEECLKRVGLSGAPADACSTAQKAVGYICKCNGGRGAIREFAEH
ICLLMEKVNNSCQK

Enzyme 11 Number of Residues

434

Enzyme 11 Molecular Weight

48378.8

Enzyme 11 Theoretical pI

8.02

Enzyme 11 GO Classification

Function
—
Process
lipid biosynthetic process lipid metabolic process lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic process metabolic process primary metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 11 General Function

Involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic process

Enzyme 11 Specific Function

Catalyzes the activation of N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc) to cytidine 5'-monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-NeuNAc), a substrate required for the addition of sialic acid. Has some activity toward NeuNAc, N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) or 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid (KDN)

Enzyme 11 Pathways

Aminosugars metabolism (map00530 )

Enzyme 11 Reactions

CTP + N-acylneuraminate = diphosphate + CMP-N-acylneuraminate [RN:R02599]

Enzyme 11 Pfam Domain Function

CTP_transf_3 (PF02348 )

Enzyme 11 Signals

None

Enzyme 11 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 11 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 11 GenBank ID Protein

8515843

Enzyme 11 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q8NFW8

Enzyme 11 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

NEUA_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 11 PDB ID

1QWJ

Enzyme 11 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 11 3D Structure

Enzyme 11 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 11 Gene Sequence

>1305 bp

ATGGACTCGGTGGAGAAGGGGGCCGCCACCTCCGTCTCCAACCCGCGGGGGCGACCGTCC
CGGGGCCGGCCGCCGAAGCTGCAGCGCAACTCTCGCGGCGGCCAGGGCCGAGGTGTGGAG
AAGCCCCCGCACCTGGCAGCCCTAATTCTGGCCCGGGGAGGCAGCAAAGGCATCCCCCTG
AAGAACATTAAGCACCTGGCGGGGGTCCCGCTCATTGGCTGGGTCCTGCGTGCGGCCCTG
GATTCAGGGGCCTTCCAGAGTGTATGGGTTTCGACAGACCATGATGAAATTGAGAATGTG
GCCAAACAATTTGGTGCACAAGTTCATCGAAGAAGTTCTGAAGTTTCAAAAGACAGCTCT
ACCTCACTAGATGCCATCATAGAATTTCTTAATTATCATAATGAGGTTGACATTGTAGGA
AATATTCAAGCTACTTCTCCATGTTTACATCCTACTGATCTTCAAAAAGTTGCAGAAATG
ATTCGAGAAGAAGGATATGATTCTGTTTTCTCTGTTGTGAGACGCCATCAGTTTCGATGG
AGTGAAATTCAGAAAGGAGTTCGTGAAGTGACCGAACCTCTGAATTTAAATCCAGCTAAA
CGGCCTCGTCGACAAGACTGGGATGGAGAATTATATGAAAATGGCTCATTTTATTTTGCT
AAAAGACATTTGATAGAGATGGGTTACTTGCAGGGTGGAAAAATGGCATACTACGAAATG
CGAGCTGAACATAGTGTGGATATAGATGTGGATATTGATTGGCCTATTGCAGAGCAAAGA
GTATTAAGATATGGCTATTTTGGCAAAGAGAAGCTTAAGGAAATAAAACTTTTGGTTTGC
AATATTGATGGATGTCTCACCAATGGCCACATTTATGTATCAGGAGACCAAAAAGAAATA
ATATCTTATGATGTAAAAGATGCTATTGGGATAAGTTTATTAAAGAAAAGTGGTATTGAG
GTGAGGCTAATCTCAGAAAGGGCCTGTTCAAAGCAGACGCTGTCTTCTTTAAAACTGGAT
TGCAAAATGGAAGTCAGTGTATCAGACAAGCTAGCAGTTGTAGATGAATGGAGAAAAGAA
ATGGGCCTGTGCTGGAAAGAAGTGGCATATCTTGGAAATGAAGTGTCTGATGAAGAGTGC
TTGAAGAGAGTGGGCCTAAGTGGCGCTCCTGCTGATGCCTGTTCTACTGCCCAGAAGGCT
GTTGGATACATTTGCAAATGTAATGGTGGCCGTGGTGCCATCCGAGAATTTGCAGAGCAC
ATTTGCCTACTAATGGAAAAGGTTAATAATTCATGCCAAAAATAG

Enzyme 11 GenBank Gene ID

AF271388

Enzyme 11 GeneCard ID

CMAS

Enzyme 11 GenAtlas ID

CMAS

Enzyme 11 HGNC ID

HGNC:18290 Link Image

Enzyme 11 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 11 Locus

12p12.1

Enzyme 11 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 11 General References

Lawrence SM, Huddleston KA, Tomiya N, Nguyen N, Lee YC, Vann WF, Coleman TA, Betenbaugh MJ: Cloning and expression of human sialic acid pathway genes to generate CMP-sialic acids in insect cells. Glycoconj J. 2001 Mar;18(3):205-13. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Bechtel S, Rosenfelder H, Duda A, Schmidt CP, Ernst U, Wellenreuther R, Mehrle A, Schuster C, Bahr A, Blocker H, Heubner D, Hoerlein A, Michel G, Wedler H, Kohrer K, Ottenwalder B, Poustka A, Wiemann S, Schupp I: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium. BMC Genomics. 2007 Oct 31;8:399. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 11 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 12 [top]

Enzyme 12 ID

5655

Enzyme 12 Name

S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-1

Enzyme 12 Synonyms

AdoMet synthase 1
Methionine adenosyltransferase 1
MAT 1
Methionine adenosyltransferase I/III
MAT-I/III

Enzyme 12 Gene Name

MAT1A

Enzyme 12 Protein Sequence

>S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-1

MNGPVDGLCDHSLSEGVFMFTSESVGEGHPDKICDQISDAVLDAHLKQDPNAKVACETVC
KTGMVLLCGEITSMAMVDYQRVVRDTIKHIGYDDSAKGFDFKTCNVLVALEQQSPDIAQC
VHLDRNEEDVGAGDQGLMFGYATDETEECMPLTIILAHKLNARMADLRRSGLLPWLRPDS
KTQVTVQYMQDNGAVIPVRIHTIVISVQHNEDITLEEMRRALKEQVIRAVVPAKYLDEDT
VYHLQPSGRFVIGGPQGDAGVTGRKIIVDTYGGWGAHGGGAFSGKDYTKVDRSAAYAARW
VAKSLVKAGLCRRVLVQVSYAIGVAEPLSISIFTYGTSQKTERELLDVVHKNFDLRPGVI
VRDLDLKKPIYQKTACYGHFGRSEFPWEVPRKLVF

Enzyme 12 Number of Residues

395

Enzyme 12 Molecular Weight

43647.6

Enzyme 12 Theoretical pI

6.24

Enzyme 12 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding binding catalytic activity methionine adenosyltransferase activity nucleoside binding purine nucleoside binding transferase activity transferase activity, transferring alkyl or aryl (other than methyl) groups
Process
cellular metabolic process metabolic process one-carbon metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 12 General Function

Involved in methionine adenosyltransferase activity

Enzyme 12 Specific Function

Catalyzes the formation of S-adenosylmethionine from methionine and ATP

Enzyme 12 Pathways

Methionine Metabolism (map00271 )
Selenoamino Acid Metabolism (map00450 )

Enzyme 12 Reactions

ATP + L-methionine + H2O = phosphate + diphosphate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine [RN:R00177]

Enzyme 12 Pfam Domain Function

S-AdoMet_synt_C (PF02773 )
S-AdoMet_synt_M (PF02772 )
S-AdoMet_synt_N (PF00438 )

Enzyme 12 Signals

None

Enzyme 12 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 12 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 12 GenBank ID Protein

55959182

Enzyme 12 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q00266

Enzyme 12 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

METK1_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 12 PDB ID

1O9T

Enzyme 12 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 12 3D Structure

Enzyme 12 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 12 Gene Sequence

>1188 bp

ATGAATGGACCGGTGGATGGCTTGTGTGACCACTCTCTAAGTGAAGGAGTCTTCATGTTC
ACATCGGAGTCTGTGGGAGAGGGACACCCGGATAAGATCTGTGACCAGATCAGTGATGCA
GTGCTGGATGCCCATCTCAAGCAAGACCCCAATGCCAAGGTGGCCTGTGAGACAGTGTGC
AAGACCGGCATGGTGCTGCTGTGTGGTGAGATCACCTCAATGGCCATGGTGGACTACCAG
CGGGTGGTGAGGGACACCATCAAGCACATCGGCTACGATGACTCAGCCAAGGGCTTTGAC
TTCAAGACTTGCAACGTGCTGGTGGCTTTGGAGCAGCAATCCCCAGATATTGCCCAGTGC
GTCCATCTGGACAGAAATGAGGAGGATGTGGGGGCAGGAGATCAGGGTTTGATGTTCGGC
TATGCTACCGACGAGACAGAGGAGTGCATGCCCCTCACCATCATCCTTGCTCACAAGCTC
AACGCCCGGATGGCAGACCTCAGGCGCTCCGGCCTCCTCCCCTGGCTGCGGCCTGACTCT
AAGACTCAGGTGACAGTTCAGTACATGCAGGACAATGGCGCAGTCATCCCTGTGCGCATC
CACACCATCGTCATCTCTGTGCAGCACAACGAAGACATCACGCTGGAGGAGATGCGCAGG
GCCCTGAAGGAGCAAGTCATCAGGGCCGTGGTGCCGGCCAAGTACCTGGACGAAGACACC
GTCTACCACCTGCAGCCCAGTGGGCGGTTTGTCATCGGAGGTCCCCAGGGGGATGCGGGT
GTCACTGGCCGTAAGATTATTGTGGACACCTATGGCGGCTGGGGGGCTCATGGTGGTGGG
GCCTTCTCTGGGAAGGACTACACCAAGGTAGACCGCTCAGCTGCATATGCTGCCCGCTGG
GTGGCCAAGTCTCTGGTGAAAGCAGGGCTCTGCCGGAGAGTGCTTGTCCAGGTTTCCTAT
GCCATTGGTGTGGCCGAGCCGCTGTCCATTTCCATCTTCACCTACGGAACCTCTCAGAAG
ACAGAGCGAGAGCTGCTGGATGTGGTGCATAAGAACTTCGACCTCCGGCCGGGCGTCATT
GTCAGGGATTTGGACTTGAAGAAGCCCATCTACCAGAAGACAGCATGCTACGGCCATTTC
GGAAGAAGCGAGTTCCCATGGGAGGTTCCCAGGAAGCTTGTATTTTAG

Enzyme 12 GenBank Gene ID

AL359195

Enzyme 12 GeneCard ID

MAT1A

Enzyme 12 GenAtlas ID

MAT1A

Enzyme 12 HGNC ID

HGNC:6903

Enzyme 12 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 12 Locus

10q22

Enzyme 12 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 12 General References

Alvarez L, Corrales F, Martin-Duce A, Mato JM: Characterization of a full-length cDNA encoding human liver S-adenosylmethionine synthetase: tissue-specific gene expression and mRNA levels in hepatopathies. Biochem J. 1993 Jul 15;293 ( Pt 2):481-6. [PubMed ]
Horikawa S, Tsukada K: Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding the human liver S-adenosylmethionine synthetase. Biochem Int. 1991 Sep;25(1):81-90. [PubMed ]
Deloukas P, Earthrowl ME, Grafham DV, Rubenfield M, French L, Steward CA, Sims SK, Jones MC, Searle S, Scott C, Howe K, Hunt SE, Andrews TD, Gilbert JG, Swarbreck D, Ashurst JL, Taylor A, Battles J, Bird CP, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ashwell RI, Ambrose KD, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Bates K, Beasley H, Bray-Allen S, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Cahill P, Camire D, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Corby N, Coulson A, Dhami P, Dutta I, Dunn M, Faulkner L, Frankish A, Frankland JA, Garner P, Garnett J, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Grocock R, Gustafson E, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart E, Heath PD, Ho TP, Hopkins B, Horne J, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Hynds C, Johnson C, Johnson D, Kana A, Kay M, Kimberley AM, Kershaw JK, Kokkinaki M, Laird GK, Lawlor S, Lee HM, Leongamornlert DA, Laird G, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, McLaren S, McLay KE, McMurray A, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Milne S, Nickerson T, Nguyen M, Overton-Larty E, Palmer SA, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phillimore B, Porter K, Rice CM, Rogosin A, Ross MT, Sarafidou T, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Skuce CD, Smith M, Standring L, Sycamore N, Tester J, Thorpe A, Torcasso W, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tsolas J, Wall M, Walsh J, Wang H, Weinstock K, West AP, Willey DL, Whitehead SL, Wilming L, Wray PW, Young L, Chen Y, Lovering RC, Moschonas NK, Siebert R, Fechtel K, Bentley D, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Doucette-Stamm L, Beck S, Smith DR, Rogers J: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10. Nature. 2004 May 27;429(6990):375-81. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Ubagai T, Lei KJ, Huang S, Mudd SH, Levy HL, Chou JY: Molecular mechanisms of an inborn error of methionine pathway. Methionine adenosyltransferase deficiency. J Clin Invest. 1995 Oct;96(4):1943-7. [PubMed ]
Chamberlin ME, Ubagai T, Mudd SH, Wilson WG, Leonard JV, Chou JY: Demyelination of the brain is associated with methionine adenosyltransferase I/III deficiency. J Clin Invest. 1996 Aug 15;98(4):1021-7. [PubMed ]
Chamberlin ME, Ubagai T, Mudd SH, Levy HL, Chou JY: Dominant inheritance of isolated hypermethioninemia is associated with a mutation in the human methionine adenosyltransferase 1A gene. Am J Hum Genet. 1997 Mar;60(3):540-6. [PubMed ]
Chamberlin ME, Ubagai T, Mudd SH, Thomas J, Pao VY, Nguyen TK, Levy HL, Greene C, Freehauf C, Chou JY: Methionine adenosyltransferase I/III deficiency: novel mutations and clinical variations. Am J Hum Genet. 2000 Feb;66(2):347-55. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 12 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 13 [top]

Enzyme 13 ID

5668

Enzyme 13 Name

Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase

Enzyme 13 Synonyms

ITPase
Inosine triphosphatase
Putative oncogene protein hlc14-06-p

Enzyme 13 Gene Name

ITPA

Enzyme 13 Protein Sequence

>Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase

MAASLVGKKIVFVTGNAKKLEEVVQILGDKFPCTLVAQKIDLPEYQGEPDEISIQKCQEA
VRQVQGPVLVEDTCLCFNALGGLPGPYIKWFLEKLKPEGLHQLLAGFEDKSAYALCTFAL
STGDPSQPVRLFRGRTSGRIVAPRGCQDFGWDPCFQPDGYEQTYAEMPKAEKNAVSHRFR
ALLELQEYFGSLAA

Enzyme 13 Number of Residues

194

Enzyme 13 Molecular Weight

21445.5

Enzyme 13 Theoretical pI

5.34

Enzyme 13 GO Classification

Function
catalytic activity hydrolase activity
Process
—
Component
—

Enzyme 13 General Function

Involved in hydrolase activity

Enzyme 13 Specific Function

Hydrolyzes ITP and dITP to their respective monophosphate derivatives. Xanthosine 5'-triphosphate (XTP) is also a potential substrate. May be the major enzyme responsible for regulating ITP concentration in cells

Enzyme 13 Pathways

Purine Metabolism (map00230 )
Pyrimidine Metabolism (map00240 )

Enzyme 13 Reactions

a nucleoside triphosphate + H2O = a nucleotide + diphosphate [RN:R01532]

Enzyme 13 Pfam Domain Function

Ham1p_like (PF01725 )

Enzyme 13 Signals

None

Enzyme 13 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 13 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 13 GenBank ID Protein

21104378

Enzyme 13 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q9BY32

Enzyme 13 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

ITPA_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 13 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 13 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 13 Gene Sequence

>585 bp

ATGGCGGCCTCATTGGTGGGGAAGAAGATCGTGTTTGTAACGGGGAACGCCAAGAAGCTG
GAGGAGGTCGTTCAGATTCTAGGAGATAAGTTTCCATGCACTTTGGTGGCACAGAAAATT
GACCTGCCGGAGTACCAAGGGGAGCCGGATGAGATTTCCATACAGAAATGTCAGGAGGCA
GTTCGCCAGGTACAGGGGCCCGTGCTGGTTGAGGACACTTGTCTGTGCTTCAATGCCCTT
GGAGGGCTCCCCGGCCCCTACATAAAGTGGTTTCTGGAGAAGTTAAAGCCTGAAGGTCTC
CACCAGCTCCTGGCCGGGTTCGAGGACAAGTCAGCCTATGCGCTCTGCACGTTTGCACTC
AGCACCGGGGACCCAAGCCAGCCCGTGCGCCTGTTCAGGGGCCGGACCTCGGGCCGGATC
GTGGCACCCAGAGGCTGCCAGGACTTTGGCTGGGACCCCTGCTTTCAGCCTGATGGATAT
GAGCAGACGTACGCAGAGATGCCTAAGGCGGAGAAGAACGCTGTCTCCCATCGCTTCCGG
GCCCTGCTGGAGCTGCAGGAATACTTTGGCAGTTTGGCAGCTTGA

Enzyme 13 GenBank Gene ID

AB062127

Enzyme 13 GeneCard ID

ITPA

Enzyme 13 GenAtlas ID

ITPA

Enzyme 13 HGNC ID

HGNC:6176

Enzyme 13 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 13 Locus

20p

Enzyme 13 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 13 General References

Lin S, McLennan AG, Ying K, Wang Z, Gu S, Jin H, Wu C, Liu W, Yuan Y, Tang R, Xie Y, Mao Y: Cloning, expression, and characterization of a human inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase encoded by the itpa gene. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jun 1;276(22):18695-701. Epub 2001 Mar 13. [PubMed ]
Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, Burton J, Gilbert JG, Jones M, Stavrides G, Almeida JP, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Barlow KF, Bates KN, Beard LM, Beare DM, Beasley OP, Bird CP, Blakey SE, Bridgeman AM, Brown AJ, Buck D, Burrill W, Butler AP, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clamp M, Clark G, Clark LN, Clark SY, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley VE, Collier RE, Connor R, Corby NR, Coulson A, Coville GJ, Deadman R, Dhami P, Dunn M, Ellington AG, Frankland JA, Fraser A, French L, Garner P, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths MN, Gwilliam R, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Heath PD, Ho S, Holden JL, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Jekosch K, Johnson CM, Johnson D, Kay MP, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights A, Laird GK, Lawlor S, Lehvaslaiho MH, Leversha M, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Lovell JD, Marsh VL, Martin SL, McConnachie LJ, McLay K, McMurray AA, Milne S, Mistry D, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Nickerson T, Oliver K, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce TA, Peck AI, Phillimore BJ, Prathalingam SR, Plumb RW, Ramsay H, Rice CM, Ross MT, Scott CE, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith ML, Soderlund C, Steward CA, Sulston JE, Swann M, Sycamore N, Taylor R, Tee L, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans AC, Vaudin M, Wall M, Wallis JM, Whitehead SL, Whittaker P, Willey DL, Williams L, Williams SA, Wilming L, Wray PW, Hubbard T, Durbin RM, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. Nature. 2001 Dec 20-27;414(6866):865-71. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Stenmark P, Kursula P, Flodin S, Graslund S, Landry R, Nordlund P, Schuler H: Crystal structure of human inosine triphosphatase. Substrate binding and implication of the inosine triphosphatase deficiency mutation P32T. J Biol Chem. 2007 Feb 2;282(5):3182-7. Epub 2006 Nov 29. [PubMed ]
Sumi S, Marinaki AM, Arenas M, Fairbanks L, Shobowale-Bakre M, Rees DC, Thein SL, Ansari A, Sanderson J, De Abreu RA, Simmonds HA, Duley JA: Genetic basis of inosine triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase deficiency. Hum Genet. 2002 Oct;111(4-5):360-7. Epub 2002 Aug 15. [PubMed ]
Cao H, Hegele RA: DNA polymorphisms in ITPA including basis of inosine triphosphatase deficiency. J Hum Genet. 2002;47(11):620-2. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 13 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 14 [top]

Enzyme 14 ID

5669

Enzyme 14 Name

Deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase, mitochondrial

Enzyme 14 Synonyms

dUTPase
dUTP pyrophosphatase

Enzyme 14 Gene Name

DUT

Enzyme 14 Protein Sequence

>Deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase, mitochondrial

MTPLCPRPALCYHFLTSLLRSAMQNARGTAEGRSRGTLRARPAPRPPAAQHGIPRPLSSA
GRLSQGCRGASTVGAAGWKGELPKAGGSPAPGPETPAISPSKRARPAEVGGMQLRFARLS
EHATAPTRGSARAAGYDLYSAYDYTIPPMEKAVVKTDIQIALPSGCYGRVAPRSGLAAKH
FIDVGAGVIDEDYRGNVGVVLFNFGKEKFEVKKGDRIAQLICERIFYPEIEEVQALDDTE
RGSGGFGSTGKN

Enzyme 14 Number of Residues

252

Enzyme 14 Molecular Weight

26706.1

Enzyme 14 Theoretical pI

10.01

Enzyme 14 GO Classification

Function
catalytic activity dUTP diphosphatase activity hydrolase activity hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in phosphorus-containing anhydrides nucleoside-triphosphate diphosphatase activity pyrophosphatase activity
Process
cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process dUTP metabolic process metabolic process nitrogen compound metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process nucleoside phosphate metabolic process nucleotide metabolic process pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process pyrimidine nucleotide metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 14 General Function

Involved in hydrolase activity

Enzyme 14 Specific Function

This enzyme is involved in nucleotide metabolism:it produces dUMP, the immediate precursor of thymidine nucleotides and it decreases the intracellular concentration of dUTP so that uracil cannot be incorporated into DNA

Enzyme 14 Pathways

Pyrimidine Metabolism (map00240 )

Enzyme 14 Reactions

dUTP + H2O = dUMP + diphosphate [RN:R02100]

Enzyme 14 Pfam Domain Function

dUTPase (PF00692 )

Enzyme 14 Signals

None

Enzyme 14 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 14 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 14 GenBank ID Protein

70906441

Enzyme 14 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P33316

Enzyme 14 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

DUT_HUMAN

Enzyme 14 PDB ID

1Q5U

Enzyme 14 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 14 3D Structure

Enzyme 14 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 14 Gene Sequence

>759 bp

ATGACTCCCCTCTGCCCTCGCCCCGCGCTCTGCTACCATTTCCTTACGTCTCTGCTTCGC
TCAGCGATGCAAAACGCGCGAGGCGCACGGCAGAGGGCCGAAGCCGCGGTACTCTCCGGG
CCAGGCCCGCCCCTCGGCCGCGCCGCGCAGCACGGGATTCCCCGGCCGCTGTCCAGCGCT
GGCCGCCTGAGCCAAGGCTGCCGCGGAGCCAGTACAGTCGGGGCCGCTGGCTGGAAGGGC
GAGCTTCCTAAGGCGGGGGGAAGCCCGGCGCCGGGGCCGGAGACACCCGCCATTTCACCC
AGTAAGCGGGCCCGGCCTGCGGAGGTGGGCGGCATGCAGCTCCGCTTTGCCCGGCTCTCC
GAGCACGCCACGGCCCCCACCCGGGGCTCCGCGCGCGCCGCGGGCTACGACCTGTACAGT
GCCTATGATTACACAATACCACCTATGGAGAAAGCTGTTGTGAAAACGGACATTCAGATA
GCGCTCCCTTCTGGGTGTTATGGAAGAGTGGCTCCACGGTCAGGCTTGGCTGCAAAACAC
TTTATTGATGTAGGAGCTGGTGTCATAGATGAAGATTATAGAGGAAATGTTGGTGTTGTA
CTGTTTAATTTTGGCAAAGAAAAGTTTGAAGTCAAAAAAGGTGATCGAATTGCACAGCTC
ATTTGCGAACGGATTTTTTATCCAGAAATAGAAGAAGTTCAAGCCTTGGATGACACCGAA
AGGGGTTCAGGAGGTTTTGGTTCCACTGGAAAGAATTAA

Enzyme 14 GenBank Gene ID

NM_001025248.1 Link Image

Enzyme 14 GeneCard ID

DUT

Enzyme 14 GenAtlas ID

DUT

Enzyme 14 HGNC ID

HGNC:3078

Enzyme 14 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 14 Locus

15q21.1

Enzyme 14 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 14 General References

Ladner RD, McNulty DE, Carr SA, Roberts GD, Caradonna SJ: Characterization of distinct nuclear and mitochondrial forms of human deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase. J Biol Chem. 1996 Mar 29;271(13):7745-51. [PubMed ]
Cohen D, Heng HH, Shi XM, McIntosh EM, Tsui LC, Pearlman RE: Assignment of the human dUTPase gene (DUT) to chromosome 15q15-q21. 1 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Genomics. 1997 Feb 15;40(1):213-5. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
McIntosh EM, Ager DD, Gadsden MH, Haynes RH: Human dUTP pyrophosphatase: cDNA sequence and potential biological importance of the enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Sep 1;89(17):8020-4. [PubMed ]
Strahler JR, Zhu XX, Hora N, Wang YK, Andrews PC, Roseman NA, Neel JV, Turka L, Hanash SM: Maturation stage and proliferation-dependent expression of dUTPase in human T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Jun 1;90(11):4991-5. [PubMed ]
Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
Mol CD, Harris JM, McIntosh EM, Tainer JA: Human dUTP pyrophosphatase: uracil recognition by a beta hairpin and active sites formed by three separate subunits. Structure. 1996 Sep 15;4(9):1077-92. [PubMed ]
Varga B, Barabas O, Kovari J, Toth J, Hunyadi-Gulyas E, Klement E, Medzihradszky KF, Tolgyesi F, Fidy J, Vertessy BG: Active site closure facilitates juxtaposition of reactant atoms for initiation of catalysis by human dUTPase. FEBS Lett. 2007 Oct 2;581(24):4783-8. Epub 2007 Sep 12. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 14 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 15 [top]

Enzyme 15 ID

5676

Enzyme 15 Name

Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase

Enzyme 15 Synonyms

APRT

Enzyme 15 Gene Name

APRT

Enzyme 15 Protein Sequence

>Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase

MADSELQLVEQRIRSFPDFPTPGVVFRDISPVLKDPASFRAAIGLLARHLKATHGGRIDY
IAGLDSRGFLFGPSLAQELGLGCVLIRKRGKLPGPTLWASYSLEYGKAELEIQKDALEPG
QRVVVVDDLLATGGTMNAACELLGRLQAEVLECVSLVELTSLKGREKLAPVPFFSLLQYE

Enzyme 15 Number of Residues

180

Enzyme 15 Molecular Weight

19607.5

Enzyme 15 Theoretical pI

5.82

Enzyme 15 GO Classification

Function
adenine phosphoribosyltransferase activity catalytic activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups transferase activity, transferring pentosyl groups
Process
adenine salvage cellular aromatic compound metabolic process cellular metabolic process cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process metabolic process nitrogen compound metabolic process nucleobase metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process nucleoside metabolic process purine base biosynthetic process purine base metabolic process purine base salvage
Component
cell part cytoplasm intracellular part

Enzyme 15 General Function

Involved in adenine phosphoribosyltransferase activity

Enzyme 15 Specific Function

Catalyzes a salvage reaction resulting in the formation of AMP, that is energically less costly than de novo synthesis

Enzyme 15 Pathways

Purine Metabolism (map00230 )

Enzyme 15 Reactions

AMP + diphosphate = adenine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate [RN:R00190]

Enzyme 15 Pfam Domain Function

Pribosyltran (PF00156 )

Enzyme 15 Signals

None

Enzyme 15 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 15 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 15 GenBank ID Protein

51476557

Enzyme 15 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P07741

Enzyme 15 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

APT_HUMAN

Enzyme 15 PDB ID

1ORE

Enzyme 15 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 15 3D Structure

Enzyme 15 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 15 Gene Sequence

>543 bp

ATGGCCGACTCCGAGCTGCAGCTGGTTGAGCAGCGGATCCGCAGCTTCCCCGACTTCCCC
ACCCCAGGCGTGGTATTCAGGGACATCTCGCCCGTCCTGAAGGACCCCGCCTCCTTCCGC
GCCGCCATCGGCCTCCTGGCGCGACACCTGAAGGCGACCCACGGGGGCCGCATCGACTAC
ATCGCAGGCCTAGACTCCCGAGGCTTCCTCTTTGGCCCCTCCCTGGCCCAGGAGCTTGGA
CTGGGCTGCGTGCTCATCCGAAAGCGGGGGAAGCTGCCAGGCCCCACTCTGTGGGCCTCC
TATTCCCTGGAGTACGGGAAGGCTGAGCTGGAGATTCAGAAAGACGCCCTGGAGCCAGGA
CAGAGGGTGGTCGTCGTGGATGATCTGCTGGCCACTGGTGGAACCATGAACGCTGCCTGT
GAGCTGCTGGGCCGCCTGCAGGCTGAGGTCCTGGAGTGCGTGAGCCTGGTGGAGCTGACC
TCGCTTAAGGGCAGGGAGAAGCTGGCACCTGTACCCTTCTTCTCTCTCCTGCAGTATGAG
TGA

Enzyme 15 GenBank Gene ID

CR749423

Enzyme 15 GeneCard ID

APRT

Enzyme 15 GenAtlas ID

APRT

Enzyme 15 HGNC ID

HGNC:626

Enzyme 15 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 15 Locus

16q24

Enzyme 15 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 15 General References

Hidaka Y, Tarle SA, O'Toole TE, Kelley WN, Palella TD: Nucleotide sequence of the human APRT gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Nov 11;15(21):9086. [PubMed ]
Broderick TP, Schaff DA, Bertino AM, Dush MK, Tischfield JA, Stambrook PJ: Comparative anatomy of the human APRT gene and enzyme: nucleotide sequence divergence and conservation of a nonrandom CpG dinucleotide arrangement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 May;84(10):3349-53. [PubMed ]
Bechtel S, Rosenfelder H, Duda A, Schmidt CP, Ernst U, Wellenreuther R, Mehrle A, Schuster C, Bahr A, Blocker H, Heubner D, Hoerlein A, Michel G, Wedler H, Kohrer K, Ottenwalder B, Poustka A, Wiemann S, Schupp I: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium. BMC Genomics. 2007 Oct 31;8:399. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Wilson JM, O'Toole TE, Argos P, Shewach DS, Daddona PE, Kelley WN: Human adenine phosphoribosyltransferase. Complete amino acid sequence of the erythrocyte enzyme. J Biol Chem. 1986 Oct 15;261(29):13677-83. [PubMed ]
Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, Van Damme J, Staes A, Thomas GR, Vandekerckhove J: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. Nat Biotechnol. 2003 May;21(5):566-9. Epub 2003 Mar 31. [PubMed ]
Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
Oppermann FS, Gnad F, Olsen JV, Hornberger R, Greff Z, Keri G, Mann M, Daub H: Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2009 Jul;8(7):1751-64. Epub 2009 Apr 15. [PubMed ]
Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
Silva M, Silva CH, Iulek J, Thiemann OH: Three-dimensional structure of human adenine phosphoribosyltransferase and its relation to DHA-urolithiasis. Biochemistry. 2004 Jun 22;43(24):7663-71. [PubMed ]
Chen J, Sahota A, Laxdal T, Scrine M, Bowman S, Cui C, Stambrook PJ, Tischfield JA: Identification of a single missense mutation in the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) gene from five Icelandic patients and a British patient. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Dec;49(6):1306-11. [PubMed ]
Sahota A, Chen J, Boyadjiev SA, Gault MH, Tischfield JA: Missense mutation in the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase gene causing 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis. Hum Mol Genet. 1994 May;3(5):817-8. [PubMed ]
Hidaka Y, Palella TD, O'Toole TE, Tarle SA, Kelley WN: Human adenine phosphoribosyltransferase. Identification of allelic mutations at the nucleotide level as a cause of complete deficiency of the enzyme. J Clin Invest. 1987 Nov;80(5):1409-15. [PubMed ]
Hidaka Y, Tarle SA, Fujimori S, Kamatani N, Kelley WN, Palella TD: Human adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency. Demonstration of a single mutant allele common to the Japanese. J Clin Invest. 1988 Mar;81(3):945-50. [PubMed ]
Kamatani N, Hakoda M, Otsuka S, Yoshikawa H, Kashiwazaki S: Only three mutations account for almost all defective alleles causing adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency in Japanese patients. J Clin Invest. 1992 Jul;90(1):130-5. [PubMed ]
Deng L, Yang M, Frund S, Wessel T, De Abreu RA, Tischfield JA, Sahota A: 2,8-Dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis in a patient with considerable residual adenine phosphoribosyltransferase activity in cell extracts but with mutations in both copies of APRT. Mol Genet Metab. 2001 Mar;72(3):260-4. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 15 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 16 [top]

Enzyme 16 ID

5715

Enzyme 16 Name

Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase

Enzyme 16 Synonyms

HGPRT
HGPRTase

Enzyme 16 Gene Name

HPRT1

Enzyme 16 Protein Sequence

>Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase

MATRSPGVVISDDEPGYDLDLFCIPNHYAEDLERVFIPHGLIMDRTERLARDVMKEMGGH
HIVALCVLKGGYKFFADLLDYIKALNRNSDRSIPMTVDFIRLKSYCNDQSTGDIKVIGGD
DLSTLTGKNVLIVEDIIDTGKTMQTLLSLVRQYNPKMVKVASLLVKRTPRSVGYKPDFVG
FEIPDKFVVGYALDYNEYFRDLNHVCVISETGKAKYKA

Enzyme 16 Number of Residues

218

Enzyme 16 Molecular Weight

24579.2

Enzyme 16 Theoretical pI

6.67

Enzyme 16 GO Classification

Function
catalytic activity hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups transferase activity, transferring pentosyl groups
Process
biosynthetic process cellular biosynthetic process cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process heterocycle biosynthetic process metabolic process nitrogen compound metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process nucleoside metabolic process purine ribonucleoside salvage purine salvage
Component
cell part cytoplasm intracellular part

Enzyme 16 General Function

Involved in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity

Enzyme 16 Specific Function

IMP + diphosphate = hypoxanthine + 5-phospho- alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

Enzyme 16 Pathways

Purine Metabolism (map00230 )

Enzyme 16 Reactions

IMP + diphosphate = hypoxanthine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate [RN:R01132]

Enzyme 16 Pfam Domain Function

Pribosyltran (PF00156 )

Enzyme 16 Signals

None

Enzyme 16 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 16 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 16 GenBank ID Protein

306885

Enzyme 16 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P00492

Enzyme 16 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

HPRT_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 16 PDB ID

1BZY

Enzyme 16 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 16 3D Structure

Enzyme 16 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 16 Gene Sequence

>657 bp

ATGGCGACCCGCAGCCCTGGCGTCGTGATTAGTGATGATGAACCAGGTTATGACCTTGAT
TTATTTTGCATACCTAATCATTATGCTGAGGATTTGGAAAGGGTGTTTATTCCTCATGGA
CTAATTATGGACAGGACTGAACGTCTTGCTCGAGATGTGATGAAGGAGATGGGAGGCCAT
CACATTGTAGCCCTCTGTGTGCTCAAGGGGGGCTATAAATTCTTTGCTGACCTGCTGGAT
TACATCAAAGCACTGAATAGAAATAGTGATAGATCCATTCCTATGACTGTAGATTTTATC
AGACTGAAGAGCTATTGTAATGACCAGTCAACAGGGGACATAAAAGTAATTGGTGGAGAT
GATCTCTCAACTTTAACTGGAAAGAATGTCTTGATTGTGGAAGATATAATTGACACTGGC
AAAACAATGCAGACTTTGCTTTCCTTGGTCAGGCAGTATAATCCAAAGATGGTCAAGGTC
GCAAGCTTGCTGGTGAAAAGGACCCCACGAAGTGTTGGATATAAGCCAGACTTTGTTGGA
TTTGAAATTCCAGACAAGTTTGTTGTAGGATATGCCCTTGACTATAATGAATACTTCAGG
GATTTGAATCATGTTTGTGTCATTAGTGAAACTGGAAAAGCAAAATACAAAGCCTAA

Enzyme 16 GenBank Gene ID

M31642

Enzyme 16 GeneCard ID

HPRT1

Enzyme 16 GenAtlas ID

HPRT1

Enzyme 16 HGNC ID

HGNC:5157

Enzyme 16 Chromosome Location

Not Available

Enzyme 16 Locus

Not Available

Enzyme 16 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 16 General References

Jolly DJ, Okayama H, Berg P, Esty AC, Filpula D, Bohlen P, Johnson GG, Shively JE, Hunkapillar T, Friedmann T: Isolation and characterization of a full-length expressible cDNA for human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jan;80(2):477-81. [PubMed ]
Edwards A, Voss H, Rice P, Civitello A, Stegemann J, Schwager C, Zimmermann J, Erfle H, Caskey CT, Ansorge W: Automated DNA sequencing of the human HPRT locus. Genomics. 1990 Apr;6(4):593-608. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Ross MT, Grafham DV, Coffey AJ, Scherer S, McLay K, Muzny D, Platzer M, Howell GR, Burrows C, Bird CP, Frankish A, Lovell FL, Howe KL, Ashurst JL, Fulton RS, Sudbrak R, Wen G, Jones MC, Hurles ME, Andrews TD, Scott CE, Searle S, Ramser J, Whittaker A, Deadman R, Carter NP, Hunt SE, Chen R, Cree A, Gunaratne P, Havlak P, Hodgson A, Metzker ML, Richards S, Scott G, Steffen D, Sodergren E, Wheeler DA, Worley KC, Ainscough R, Ambrose KD, Ansari-Lari MA, Aradhya S, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Ballabio A, Banerjee R, Barker GE, Barlow KF, Barrett IP, Bates KN, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Beck A, Bethel G, Blechschmidt K, Brady N, Bray-Allen S, Bridgeman AM, Brown AJ, Brown MJ, Bonnin D, Bruford EA, Buhay C, Burch P, Burford D, Burgess J, Burrill W, Burton J, Bye JM, Carder C, Carrel L, Chako J, Chapman JC, Chavez D, Chen E, Chen G, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chinault C, Ciccodicola A, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Clerc-Blankenburg K, Clifford K, Cobley V, Cole CG, Conquer JS, Corby N, Connor RE, David R, Davies J, Davis C, Davis J, Delgado O, Deshazo D, Dhami P, Ding Y, Dinh H, Dodsworth S, Draper H, Dugan-Rocha S, Dunham A, Dunn M, Durbin KJ, Dutta I, Eades T, Ellwood M, Emery-Cohen A, Errington H, Evans KL, Faulkner L, Francis F, Frankland J, Fraser AE, Galgoczy P, Gilbert J, Gill R, Glockner G, Gregory SG, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Grocock R, Gu Y, Gwilliam R, Hamilton C, Hart EA, Hawes A, Heath PD, Heitmann K, Hennig S, Hernandez J, Hinzmann B, Ho S, Hoffs M, Howden PJ, Huckle EJ, Hume J, Hunt PJ, Hunt AR, Isherwood J, Jacob L, Johnson D, Jones S, de Jong PJ, Joseph SS, Keenan S, Kelly S, Kershaw JK, Khan Z, Kioschis P, Klages S, Knights AJ, Kosiura A, Kovar-Smith C, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leversha M, Lewis L, Liu W, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Loulseged H, Loveland JE, Lovell JD, Lozado R, Lu J, Lyne R, Ma J, Maheshwari M, Matthews LH, McDowall J, McLaren S, McMurray A, Meidl P, Meitinger T, Milne S, Miner G, Mistry SL, Morgan M, Morris S, Muller I, Mullikin JC, Nguyen N, Nordsiek G, Nyakatura G, O'Dell CN, Okwuonu G, Palmer S, Pandian R, Parker D, Parrish J, Pasternak S, Patel D, Pearce AV, Pearson DM, Pelan SE, Perez L, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Reichwald K, Rhodes S, Ridler KA, Schlessinger D, Schueler MG, Sehra HK, Shaw-Smith C, Shen H, Sheridan EM, Shownkeen R, Skuce CD, Smith ML, Sotheran EC, Steingruber HE, Steward CA, Storey R, Swann RM, Swarbreck D, Tabor PE, Taudien S, Taylor T, Teague B, Thomas K, Thorpe A, Timms K, Tracey A, Trevanion S, Tromans AC, d'Urso M, Verduzco D, Villasana D, Waldron L, Wall M, Wang Q, Warren J, Warry GL, Wei X, West A, Whitehead SL, Whiteley MN, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams G, Williams L, Williamson A, Williamson H, Wilming L, Woodmansey RL, Wray PW, Yen J, Zhang J, Zhou J, Zoghbi H, Zorilla S, Buck D, Reinhardt R, Poustka A, Rosenthal A, Lehrach H, Meindl A, Minx PJ, Hillier LW, Willard HF, Wilson RK, Waterston RH, Rice CM, Vaudin M, Coulson A, Nelson DL, Weinstock G, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Gibbs RA, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR: The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome. Nature. 2005 Mar 17;434(7031):325-37. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Wilson JM, Tarr GE, Mahoney WC, Kelley WN: Human hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. Complete amino acid sequence of the erythrocyte enzyme. J Biol Chem. 1982 Sep 25;257(18):10978-85. [PubMed ]
Patel PI, Framson PE, Caskey CT, Chinault AC: Fine structure of the human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Feb;6(2):393-403. [PubMed ]
Eads JC, Scapin G, Xu Y, Grubmeyer C, Sacchettini JC: The crystal structure of human hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase with bound GMP. Cell. 1994 Jul 29;78(2):325-34. [PubMed ]
Shi W, Li CM, Tyler PC, Furneaux RH, Grubmeyer C, Schramm VL, Almo SC: The 2.0 A structure of human hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase in complex with a transition-state analog inhibitor. Nat Struct Biol. 1999 Jun;6(6):588-93. [PubMed ]
Balendiran GK, Molina JA, Xu Y, Torres-Martinez J, Stevens R, Focia PJ, Eakin AE, Sacchettini JC, Craig SP 3rd: Ternary complex structure of human HGPRTase, PRPP, Mg2+, and the inhibitor HPP reveals the involvement of the flexible loop in substrate binding. Protein Sci. 1999 May;8(5):1023-31. [PubMed ]
Sculley DG, Dawson PA, Emmerson BT, Gordon RB: A review of the molecular basis of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) deficiency. Hum Genet. 1992 Nov;90(3):195-207. [PubMed ]
Wilson JM, Kobayashi R, Fox IH, Kelley WN: Human hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. J Biol Chem. 1983 May 25;258(10):6458-60. [PubMed ]
Wilson JM, Kelley WN: Molecular basis of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency in a patient with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. J Clin Invest. 1983 May;71(5):1331-5. [PubMed ]
Wilson JM, Tarr GE, Kelley WN: Human hypoxanthine (guanine) phosphoribosyltransferase: an amino acid substitution in a mutant form of the enzyme isolated from a patient with gout. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Feb;80(3):870-3. [PubMed ]
Wilson JM, Kelley WN: Human hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. Structural alteration in a dysfunctional enzyme variant (HPRTMunich) isolated from a patient with gout. J Biol Chem. 1984 Jan 10;259(1):27-30. [PubMed ]
Cariello NF, Scott JK, Kat AG, Thilly WG, Keohavong P: Resolution of a missense mutant in human genomic DNA by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and direct sequencing using in vitro DNA amplification: HPRT Munich. Am J Hum Genet. 1988 May;42(5):726-34. [PubMed ]
Davidson BL, Pashmforoush M, Kelley WN, Palella TD: Genetic basis of hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency in a patient with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HPRTFlint). Gene. 1988 Mar 31;63(2):331-6. [PubMed ]
Davidson BL, Palella TD, Kelley WN: Human hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase: a single nucleotide substitution in cDNA clones isolated from a patient with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HPRTMidland). Gene. 1988 Aug 15;68(1):85-91. [PubMed ]
Fujimori S, Hidaka Y, Davidson BL, Palella TD, Kelley WN: Identification of a single nucleotide change in a mutant gene for hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT Ann Arbor). Hum Genet. 1988 May;79(1):39-43. [PubMed ]
Davidson BL, Chin SJ, Wilson JM, Kelley WN, Palella TD: Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. Genetic evidence for identical mutations in two partially deficient subjects. J Clin Invest. 1988 Dec;82(6):2164-7. [PubMed ]
Keough DT, Gordon RB, de Jersey J, Emmerson BT: Biochemical basis of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency in nine families. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1988;11(3):229-38. [PubMed ]
Igarashi T, Minami M, Nishida Y: Molecular analysis of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase mutations in five unrelated Japanese patients. Acta Paediatr Jpn. 1989 Jun;31(3):303-13. [PubMed ]
Davidson BL, Pashmforoush M, Kelley WN, Palella TD: Human hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency. The molecular defect in a patient with gout (HPRTAshville). J Biol Chem. 1989 Jan 5;264(1):520-5. [PubMed ]
Fujimori S, Davidson BL, Kelley WN, Palella TD: Identification of a single nucleotide change in the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gene (HPRTYale) responsible for Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. J Clin Invest. 1989 Jan;83(1):11-3. [PubMed ]
Davidson BL, Tarle SA, Palella TD, Kelley WN: Molecular basis of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency in ten subjects determined by direct sequencing of amplified transcripts. J Clin Invest. 1989 Jul;84(1):342-6. [PubMed ]
Gibbs RA, Nguyen PN, McBride LJ, Koepf SM, Caskey CT: Identification of mutations leading to the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome by automated direct DNA sequencing of in vitro amplified cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Mar;86(6):1919-23. [PubMed ]
Gibbs RA, Nguyen PN, Edwards A, Civitello AB, Caskey CT: Multiplex DNA deletion detection and exon sequencing of the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase gene in Lesch-Nyhan families. Genomics. 1990 Jun;7(2):235-44. [PubMed ]
Skopek TR, Recio L, Simpson D, Dallaire L, Melancon SB, Ogier H, O'Neill JP, Falta MT, Nicklas JA, Albertini RJ: Molecular analyses of a Lesch-Nyhan syndrome mutation (hprtMontreal) by use of T-lymphocyte cultures. Hum Genet. 1990 Jun;85(1):111-6. [PubMed ]
Gordon RB, Sculley DG, Dawson PA, Beacham IR, Emmerson BT: Identification of a single nucleotide substitution in the coding sequence of in vitro amplified cDNA from a patient with partial HPRT deficiency (HPRTBRISBANE). J Inherit Metab Dis. 1990;13(5):692-700. [PubMed ]
Davidson BL, Tarle SA, Van Antwerp M, Gibbs DA, Watts RW, Kelley WN, Palella TD: Identification of 17 independent mutations responsible for human hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) deficiency. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 May;48(5):951-8. [PubMed ]
Tarle SA, Davidson BL, Wu VC, Zidar FJ, Seegmiller JE, Kelley WN, Palella TD: Determination of the mutations responsible for the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome in 17 subjects. Genomics. 1991 Jun;10(2):499-501. [PubMed ]
Sculley DG, Dawson PA, Beacham IR, Emmerson BT, Gordon RB: Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency: analysis of HPRT mutations by direct sequencing and allele-specific amplification. Hum Genet. 1991 Oct;87(6):688-92. [PubMed ]
Yamada Y, Goto H, Ogasawara N: Identification of two independent Japanese mutant HPRT genes using the PCR technique. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1991;309B:121-4. [PubMed ]
Lightfoot T, Joshi R, Nuki G, Snyder FF: The point mutation of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRTEdinburgh) and detection by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. Hum Genet. 1992 Mar;88(6):695-6. [PubMed ]
Sege-Peterson K, Chambers J, Page T, Jones OW, Nyhan WL: Characterization of mutations in phenotypic variants of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency. Hum Mol Genet. 1992 Sep;1(6):427-32. [PubMed ]
Burgemeister R, Rotzer E, Gutensohn W, Gehrke M, Schiel W: Identification of a new missense mutation in exon 2 of the human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase gene (HPRTIsar): a further example of clinical heterogeneity in HPRT deficiencies. Hum Mutat. 1995;5(4):341-4. [PubMed ]
Fujimori S, Sakuma R, Yamaoka N, Hakoda M, Yamanaka H, Kamatani N: An asymptomatic germline missense base substitution in the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) gene that reduces the amount of enzyme in humans. Hum Genet. 1997 Jan;99(1):8-10. [PubMed ]
Liu G, Aral B, Zabot MT, Kamoun P, Ceballos-Picot I: The molecular basis of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency in French families; report of two novel mutations. Hum Mutat. 1998;Suppl 1:S88-90. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 16 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 17 [top]

Enzyme 17 ID

5756

Enzyme 17 Name

Biotin--protein ligase

Enzyme 17 Synonyms

Biotin apo-protein ligase
Biotin--[methylmalonyl-CoA-carboxytransferase] ligase
Biotin--[propionyl-CoA-carboxylase [ATP-hydrolyzing]] ligase
Holocarboxylase synthetase
HCS
Biotin--[methylcrotonoyl-CoA-carboxylase] ligase
Biotin--[acetyl-CoA-carboxylase] ligase

Enzyme 17 Gene Name

HLCS

Enzyme 17 Protein Sequence

>Biotin--protein ligase

MEDRLHMDNGLVPQKIVSVHLQDSTLKEVKDQVSNKQAQILEPKPEPSLEIKPEQDGMEH
VGRDDPKALGEEPKQRRGSASGSEPAGDSDRGGGPVEHYHLHLSSCHECLELENSTIESV
KFASAENIPDLPYDYSSSLESVADETSPEREGRRVNLTGKAPNILLYVGSDSQEALGRFH
EVRSVLADCVDIDSYILYHLLEDSALRDPWTDNCLLLVIATRESIPEDLYQKFMAYLSQG
GKVLGLSSSFTFGGFQVTSKGALHKTVQNLVFSKADQSEVKLSVLSSGCRYQEGPVRLSP
GRLQGHLENEDKDRMIVHVPFGTRGGEAVLCQVHLELPPSSNIVQTPEDFNLLKSSNFRR
YEVLREILTTLGLSCDMKQVPALTPLYLLSAAEEIRDPLMQWLGKHVDSEGEIKSGQLSL
RFVSSYVSEVEITPSCIPVVTNMEAFSSEHFNLEIYRQNLQTKQLGKVILFAEVTPTTMR
LLDGLMFQTPQEMGLIVIAARQTEGKGRGGNVWLSPVGCALSTLLISIPLRSQLGQRIPF
VQHLMSVAVVEAVRSIPEYQDINLRVKWPNDIYYSDLMKIGGVLVNSTLMGETFYILIGC
GFNVTNSNPTICINDLITEYNKQHKAELKPLRADYLIARVVTVLEKLIKEFQDKGPNSVL
PLYYRYWVHSGQQVHLGSAEGPKVSIVGLDDSGFLQVHQEGGEVVTVHPDGNSFDMLRNL
ILPKRR

Enzyme 17 Number of Residues

726

Enzyme 17 Molecular Weight

80759.3

Enzyme 17 Theoretical pI

5.34

Enzyme 17 GO Classification

Function
biotin-[acetyl-CoA-carboxylase] ligase activity biotin-protein ligase activity catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds
Process
macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule modification metabolic process protein modification process
Component
—

Enzyme 17 General Function

Involved in biotin-[acetyl-CoA-carboxylase] ligase activity

Enzyme 17 Specific Function

Post-translational modification of specific protein by attachment of biotin. Acts on various carboxylases such as acetyl- CoA-carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase, propionyl CoA carboxylase, and 3-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase

Enzyme 17 Pathways

Biotin metabolism (map00780 )

Enzyme 17 Reactions

ATP + biotin + apo-[acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)] = AMP + diphosphate + [acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)] [RN:R04562]

Enzyme 17 Pfam Domain Function

BPL_C (PF02237 )
BPL_LipA_LipB (PF03099 )

Enzyme 17 Signals

None

Enzyme 17 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 17 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 17 GenBank ID Protein

Not Available

Enzyme 17 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P50747

Enzyme 17 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

BPL1_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 17 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 17 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 17 Gene Sequence

>2181 bp

ATGGAAGATAGACTCCACATGGATAATGGACTGGTACCCCAAAAGATTGTGTCGGTGCAC
TTGCAGGACTCCACTCTGAAGGAAGTTAAGGATCAGGTCTCAAACAAGCAAGCCCAGATC
CTAGAGCCGAAGCCTGAACCTTCTCTTGAGATTAAGCCTGAGCAGGACGGTATGGAGCAT
GTTGGCAGAGATGACCCAAAGGCTCTTGGTGAAGAACCCAAACAAAGGAGAGGCAGTGCC
TCTGGGAGTGAGCCTGCTGGGGACAGTGACAGGGGAGGGGGCCCCGTTGAGCATTATCAC
CTCCATCTGTCTAGTTGCCACGAGTGTCTGGAACTTGAGAACAGCACCATTGAGTCAGTC
AAGTTTGCGTCTGCCGAGAACATTCCAGACCTTCCCTACGATTATAGCAGCAGTTTGGAG
AGTGTTGCTGATGAGACCTCCCCCGAAAGAGAAGGGAGGAGAGTCAACCTCACGGGAAAG
GCACCCAACATCCTCCTCTATGTGGGCTCCGACTCCCAGGAAGCCCTCGGCCGGTTCCAC
GAGGTCCGGTCTGTGCTGGCCGACTGTGTGGACATTGACAGTTATATTCTCTACCACCTG
CTGGAGGACAGTGCTCTCAGAGACCCGTGGACGGACAACTGTCTGCTGTTGGTCATTGCT
ACCAGGGAGTCCATTCCCGAAGACCTGTACCAGAAGTTCATGGCCTATCTTTCTCAGGGA
GGGAAGGTGTTGGGCCTGTCTTCATCCTTCACCTTTGGTGGCTTTCAGGTGACAAGCAAG
GGTGCACTGCACAAGACAGTCCAGAACTTGGTTTTCTCCAAGGCTGACCAGAGCGAGGTG
AAGCTCAGCGTCTTGAGCAGTGGCTGCAGGTACCAGGAAGGCCCCGTCCGGCTCAGCCCC
GGCAGGCTCCAGGGCCACCTGGAGAATGAGGACAAGGACAGGATGATTGTGCATGTGCCT
TTTGGAACTCGCGGGGGAGAAGCTGTTCTTTGCCAGGTGCACTTAGAACTACCTCCCAGC
TCCAACATAGTGCAAACTCCAGAAGATTTTAACTTGCTCAAGTCAAGCAATTTTAGAAGA
TACGAAGTCCTTAGAGAGATTCTGACAACCCTTGGCCTCAGCTGTGACATGAAACAAGTT
CCTGCCTTAACTCCTCTTTACTTGCTGTCAGCTGCGGAGGAAATCAGGGATCCTCTTATG
CAGTGGCTTGGGAAACATGTGGACTCCGAGGGAGAAATAAAATCCGGCCAGCTCTCTCTT
AGATTTGTTTCATCCTACGTGTCTGAAGTAGAAATAACCCCATCTTGTATACCTGTGGTG
ACCAACATGGAGGCCTTCTCATCAGAACATTTCAACTTAGAGATCTATCGCCAAAATCTG
CAGACCAAGCAGTTGGGGAAAGTAATTTTGTTTGCCGAAGTGACCCCCACAACGATGCGT
CTCCTGGATGGGCTGATGTTTCAGACACCGCAGGAAATGGGCTTAATAGTGATCGCGGCC
CGGCAGACCGAGGGCAAAGGACGGGGAGGGAATGTGTGGCTGAGCCCTGTGGGATGTGCT
CTTTCTACTCTGCTCATCTCCATTCCACTGAGATCCCAGCTGGGACAGAGGATCCCGTTT
GTCCAGCATCTGATGTCCGTGGCTGTCGTGGAAGCAGTGAGGTCCATTCCCGAGTATCAG
GATATCAACTTACGAGTGAAGTGGCCCAACGATATTTATTACAGTGACCTCATGAAGATC
GGCGGAGTTCTGGTTAACTCAACACTCATGGGAGAAACATTTTATATACTTATTGGCTGT
GGATTTAATGTGACTAACAGTAACCCTACCATCTGCATCAACGACCTCATCACAGAATAC
AATAAACAACACAAGGCAGAACTGAAGCCCTTAAGAGCCGATTATCTCATCGCCAGAGTC
GTGACTGTGCTGGAGAAACTGATCAAAGAGTTTCAGGACAAAGGGCCCAACAGCGTCCTT
CCCCTTTATTACCGATACTGGGTCCACAGTGGTCAGCAAGTCCATCTGGGCAGCGCAGAG
GGACCAAAGGTGTCCATCGTTGGCCTGGACGATTCTGGCTTCCTCCAGGTTCACCAGGAG
GGCGGCGAGGTTGTGACTGTGCACCCGGACGGCAACTCCTTCGACATGCTGAGAAACCTC
ATCCTCCCCAAACGGCGGTAA

Enzyme 17 GenBank Gene ID

D23672

Enzyme 17 GeneCard ID

HLCS

Enzyme 17 GenAtlas ID

HLCS

Enzyme 17 HGNC ID

HGNC:4976

Enzyme 17 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 17 Locus

21q22.1|21q22.13

Enzyme 17 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 17 General References

Suzuki Y, Aoki Y, Ishida Y, Chiba Y, Iwamatsu A, Kishino T, Niikawa N, Matsubara Y, Narisawa K: Isolation and characterization of mutations in the human holocarboxylase synthetase cDNA. Nat Genet. 1994 Oct;8(2):122-8. [PubMed ]
Yang X, Aoki Y, Li X, Sakamoto O, Hiratsuka M, Kure S, Taheri S, Christensen E, Inui K, Kubota M, Ohira M, Ohki M, Kudoh J, Kawasaki K, Shibuya K, Shintani A, Asakawa S, Minoshima S, Shimizu N, Narisawa K, Matsubara Y, Suzuki Y: Structure of human holocarboxylase synthetase gene and mutation spectrum of holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency. Hum Genet. 2001 Nov;109(5):526-34. Epub 2001 Oct 5. [PubMed ]
Hattori M, Fujiyama A, Taylor TD, Watanabe H, Yada T, Park HS, Toyoda A, Ishii K, Totoki Y, Choi DK, Groner Y, Soeda E, Ohki M, Takagi T, Sakaki Y, Taudien S, Blechschmidt K, Polley A, Menzel U, Delabar J, Kumpf K, Lehmann R, Patterson D, Reichwald K, Rump A, Schillhabel M, Schudy A, Zimmermann W, Rosenthal A, Kudoh J, Schibuya K, Kawasaki K, Asakawa S, Shintani A, Sasaki T, Nagamine K, Mitsuyama S, Antonarakis SE, Minoshima S, Shimizu N, Nordsiek G, Hornischer K, Brant P, Scharfe M, Schon O, Desario A, Reichelt J, Kauer G, Blocker H, Ramser J, Beck A, Klages S, Hennig S, Riesselmann L, Dagand E, Haaf T, Wehrmeyer S, Borzym K, Gardiner K, Nizetic D, Francis F, Lehrach H, Reinhardt R, Yaspo ML: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 21. Nature. 2000 May 18;405(6784):311-9. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Dahmane N, Ghezala GA, Gosset P, Chamoun Z, Dufresne-Zacharia MC, Lopes C, Rabatel N, Gassanova-Maugenre S, Chettouh Z, Abramowski V, Fayet E, Yaspo ML, Korn B, Blouin JL, Lehrach H, Poutska A, Antonarakis SE, Sinet PM, Creau N, Delabar JM: Transcriptional map of the 2.5-Mb CBR-ERG region of chromosome 21 involved in Down syndrome. Genomics. 1998 Feb 15;48(1):12-23. [PubMed ]
Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]
Aoki Y, Suzuki Y, Sakamoto O, Li X, Takahashi K, Ohtake A, Sakuta R, Ohura T, Miyabayashi S, Narisawa K: Molecular analysis of holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency: a missense mutation and a single base deletion are predominant in Japanese patients. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995 Dec 12;1272(3):168-74. [PubMed ]
Dupuis L, Leon-Del-Rio A, Leclerc D, Campeau E, Sweetman L, Saudubray JM, Herman G, Gibson KM, Gravel RA: Clustering of mutations in the biotin-binding region of holocarboxylase synthetase in biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency. Hum Mol Genet. 1996 Jul;5(7):1011-6. [PubMed ]
Aoki Y, Suzuki Y, Li X, Sakamoto O, Chikaoka H, Takita S, Narisawa K: Characterization of mutant holocarboxylase synthetase (HCS): a Km for biotin was not elevated in a patient with HCS deficiency. Pediatr Res. 1997 Dec;42(6):849-54. [PubMed ]
Aoki Y, Li X, Sakamoto O, Hiratsuka M, Akaishi H, Xu L, Briones P, Suormala T, Baumgartner ER, Suzuki Y, Narisawa K: Identification and characterization of mutations in patients with holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency. Hum Genet. 1999 Feb;104(2):143-8. [PubMed ]
Sakamoto O, Suzuki Y, Li X, Aoki Y, Hiratsuka M, Suormala T, Baumgartner ER, Gibson KM, Narisawa K: Relationship between kinetic properties of mutant enzyme and biochemical and clinical responsiveness to biotin in holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency. Pediatr Res. 1999 Dec;46(6):671-6. [PubMed ]
Morrone A, Malvagia S, Donati MA, Funghini S, Ciani F, Pela I, Boneh A, Peters H, Pasquini E, Zammarchi E: Clinical findings and biochemical and molecular analysis of four patients with holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency. Am J Med Genet. 2002 Jul 22;111(1):10-8. [PubMed ]
Tang NL, Hui J, Yong CK, Wong LT, Applegarth DA, Vallance HD, Law LK, Fung SL, Mak TW, Sung YM, Cheung KL, Fok TF: A genomic approach to mutation analysis of holocarboxylase synthetase gene in three Chinese patients with late-onset holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency. Clin Biochem. 2003 Mar;36(2):145-9. [PubMed ]
Suzuki Y, Yang X, Aoki Y, Kure S, Matsubara Y: Mutations in the holocarboxylase synthetase gene HLCS. Hum Mutat. 2005 Oct;26(4):285-90. [PubMed ]
Sjoblom T, Jones S, Wood LD, Parsons DW, Lin J, Barber TD, Mandelker D, Leary RJ, Ptak J, Silliman N, Szabo S, Buckhaults P, Farrell C, Meeh P, Markowitz SD, Willis J, Dawson D, Willson JK, Gazdar AF, Hartigan J, Wu L, Liu C, Parmigiani G, Park BH, Bachman KE, Papadopoulos N, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Velculescu VE: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):268-74. Epub 2006 Sep 7. [PubMed ]
Bailey LM, Ivanov RA, Jitrapakdee S, Wilson CJ, Wallace JC, Polyak SW: Reduced half-life of holocarboxylase synthetase from patients with severe multiple carboxylase deficiency. Hum Mutat. 2008 Jun;29(6):E47-57. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 17 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 18 [top]

Enzyme 18 ID

5770

Enzyme 18 Name

Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase beta chain

Enzyme 18 Synonyms

Phenylalanine--tRNA ligase beta chain
PheRS

Enzyme 18 Gene Name

FARSB

Enzyme 18 Protein Sequence

>Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase beta chain

MPTVSVKRDLLFQALGRTYTDEEFDELCFEFGLELDEITSEKEIISKEQGNVKAAGASDV
VLYKIDVPANRYDLLCLEGLVRGLQVFKERIKAPVYKRVMPDGKIQKLIITEETAKIRPF
AVAAVLRNIKFTKDRYDSFIELQEKLHQNICRKRALVAIGTHDLDTLSGPFTYTAKRPSD
IKFKPLNKTKEYTACELMNIYKTDNHLKHYLHIIENKPLYPVIYDSNGVVLSMPPIINGD
HSRITVNTRNIFIECTGTDFTKAKIVLDIIVTMFSEYCENQFTVEAAEVVFPNGKSHTFP
ELAYRKEMVRADLINKKVGIRETPENLAKLLTRMYLKSEVIGDGNQIEIEIPPTRADIIH
ACDIVEDAAIAYGYNNIQMTLPKTYTIANQFPLNKLTELLRHDMAAAGFTEALTFALCSQ
EDIADKLGVDISATKAVHISNPKTAEFQVARTTLLPGLLKTIAANRKMPLPLKLFEISDI
VIKDSNTDVGAKNYRHLCAVYYNKNPGFEIIHGLLDRIMQLLDVPPGEDKGGYVIKASEG
PAFFPGRCAEIFARGQSVGKLGVLHPDVITKFELTMPCSSLEINVGPFL

Enzyme 18 Number of Residues

589

Enzyme 18 Molecular Weight

66114.9

Enzyme 18 Theoretical pI

6.83

Enzyme 18 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding RNA binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity binding catalytic activity cation binding ion binding ligase activity ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds magnesium ion binding metal ion binding nucleic acid binding nucleoside binding nucleotide binding phenylalanine-tRNA ligase activity purine nucleoside binding
Process
RNA metabolic process biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process ncRNA metabolic process phenylalanyl-tRNA aminoacylation tRNA aminoacylation tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation tRNA metabolic process translation
Component
cell part cytoplasm intracellular part

Enzyme 18 General Function

Involved in RNA binding

Enzyme 18 Specific Function

ATP + L-phenylalanine + tRNA(Phe) = AMP + diphosphate + L-phenylalanyl-tRNA(Phe)

Enzyme 18 Pathways

Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (map00970 )
Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism (map00400 )

Enzyme 18 Reactions

ATP + L-phenylalanine + tRNAPhe = AMP + diphosphate + L-phenylalanyl-tRNAPhe [RN:R03660]

Enzyme 18 Pfam Domain Function

B3_4 (PF03483 )
B5 (PF03484 )

Enzyme 18 Signals

None

Enzyme 18 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 18 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 18 GenBank ID Protein

124028525

Enzyme 18 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q9NSD9

Enzyme 18 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

SYFB_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 18 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 18 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 18 Gene Sequence

>1770 bp

ATGCCGACTGTCAGCGTGAAGCGTGATCTGCTCTTCCAAGCCCTGGGCCGCACCTACACT
GACGAAGAATTTGATGAACTATGTTTTGAATTTGGTCTGGAGCTTGATGAAATTACATCT
GAGAAGGAAATAATAAGTAAAGAACAAGGTAATGTAAAGGCAGCAGGAGCCTCTGATGTT
GTTCTTTACAAAATTGACGTCCCTGCCAATAGATATGATCTCCTGTGTCTGGAAGGATTG
GTTCGAGGACTTCAGGTCTTCAAAGAAAGGATAAAGGCTCCAGTGTATAAACGGGTAATG
CCTGATGGAAAAATCCAGAAATTGATTATCACAGAAGAGACAGCTAAGATACGTCCTTTT
GCGGTAGCAGCAGTTCTCCGTAATATAAAGTTTACTAAAGATCGATATGACAGCTTCATT
GAACTTCAGGAGAAATTACATCAGAATATTTGCAGGAAAAGAGCACTGGTTGCCATTGGT
ACCCATGATTTGGACACTTTGTCGGGCCCATTTACTTATACTGCAAAGCGTCCTTCAGAT
ATCAAATTCAAGCCTCTAAATAAGACCAAGGAGTATACAGCCTGTGAACTGATGAACATA
TACAAGACTGACAATCACCTGAAACATTATTTACATATCATTGAAAACAAACCCCTGTAT
CCAGTTATCTATGATAGCAATGGTGTCGTCCTTTCAATGCCTCCCATCATCAATGGGGAT
CATTCCAGAATAACAGTAAATACTAGAAATATTTTTATTGAATGCACGGGAACTGACTTT
ACTAAGGCAAAAATAGTTCTTGATATTATTGTCACCATGTTCAGTGAATATTGTGAGAAT
CAATTTACGGTCGAAGCTGCTGAAGTGGTTTTTCCTAATGGAAAATCACATACCTTTCCA
GAATTAGCTTACCGAAAGGAGATGGTGAGAGCTGACCTAATTAACAAAAAAGTTGGAATC
AGAGAAACTCCAGAAAATCTTGCCAAACTTCTGACCAGGATGTATTTAAAATCAGAAGTC
ATAGGTGATGGGAATCAGATTGAGATTGAAATCCCTCCAACCAGAGCTGACATTATCCAT
GCATGTGATATTGTAGAAGATGCAGCTATTGCTTATGGATATAACAACATTCAGATGACT
CTCCCGAAAACTTACACCATAGCTAATCAATTTCCTCTTAATAAGCTCACTGAACTTCTC
CGACATGACATGGCAGCCGCTGGCTTCACTGAAGCACTTACCTTTGCCCTGTGCTCCCAA
GAAGATATTGCTGATAAACTAGGTGTGGATATCTCTGCAACAAAGGCAGTCCACATAAGT
AATCCTAAAACAGCTGAATTTCAGGTGGCACGCACTACCCTTCTTCCTGGCCTCCTGAAG
ACCATAGCAGCAAATCGTAAGATGCCCCTTCCACTGAAACTGTTTGAAATCTCTGACATT
GTAATAAAAGATTCTAATACAGATGTAGGTGCAAAAAACTACAGACATCTCTGTGCTGTT
TATTACAACAAGAATCCTGGGTTTGAGATCATTCATGGGCTGCTGGACAGAATTATGCAG
TTGCTCGATGTGCCTCCTGGTGAAGACAAGGGGGGATATGTGATCAAAGCATCAGAAGGG
CCTGCTTTCTTCCCCGGGCGATGTGCAGAGATCTTTGCCAGGGGTCAAAGCGTCGGGAAG
CTTGGGGTCCTTCATCCTGACGTTATCACCAAATTTGAGCTGACCATGCCCTGCTCCTCC
CTAGAAATCAATGTTGGACCCTTTTTGTGA

Enzyme 18 GenBank Gene ID

NM_005687.3 Link Image

Enzyme 18 GeneCard ID

FARSB

Enzyme 18 GenAtlas ID

FARSB

Enzyme 18 HGNC ID

HGNC:17800 Link Image

Enzyme 18 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 18 Locus

2q36.1

Enzyme 18 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 18 General References

Rodova M, Ankilova V, Safro MG: Human phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase: cloning, characterization of the deduced amino acid sequences in terms of the structural domains and coordinately regulated expression of the alpha and beta subunits in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 Feb 24;255(3):765-73. [PubMed ]
Zhang QH, Ye M, Wu XY, Ren SX, Zhao M, Zhao CJ, Fu G, Shen Y, Fan HY, Lu G, Zhong M, Xu XR, Han ZG, Zhang JW, Tao J, Huang QH, Zhou J, Hu GX, Gu J, Chen SJ, Chen Z: Cloning and functional analysis of cDNAs with open reading frames for 300 previously undefined genes expressed in CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Genome Res. 2000 Oct;10(10):1546-60. [PubMed ]
Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Pepin KH, Minx P, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Kremitzki C, Oddy L, Du H, Sun H, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Carter J, Cordes M, Harris A, Isak A, van Brunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Abbott S, Armstrong J, Belter EA, Caruso L, Cedroni M, Cotton M, Davidson T, Desai A, Elliott G, Erb T, Fronick C, Gaige T, Haakenson W, Haglund K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Kim K, Kruchowski SS, Strong CM, Grewal N, Goyea E, Hou S, Levy A, Martinka S, Mead K, McLellan MD, Meyer R, Randall-Maher J, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Shah N, Swearengen-Shahid S, Snider J, Strong JT, Thompson J, Yoakum M, Leonard S, Pearman C, Trani L, Radionenko M, Waligorski JE, Wang C, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Maupin R, Latreille P, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Pohl C, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Berkowicz N, Nelson JO, Osborne J, Ding L, Meyer R, Sabo A, Shotland Y, Sinha P, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Jones TA, She X, Ciccarelli FD, Izaurralde E, Taylor J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Cox DR, Huang X, McPherson JD, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Warren WC, Chinwalla AT, Eddy SR, Marra MA, Ovcharenko I, Furey TS, Miller W, Eichler EE, Bork P, Suyama M, Torrents D, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. Nature. 2005 Apr 7;434(7034):724-31. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Wang Y, Du D, Fang L, Yang G, Zhang C, Zeng R, Ullrich A, Lottspeich F, Chen Z: Tyrosine phosphorylated Par3 regulates epithelial tight junction assembly promoted by EGFR signaling. EMBO J. 2006 Nov 1;25(21):5058-70. Epub 2006 Oct 19. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 18 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 19 [top]

Enzyme 19 ID

5832

Enzyme 19 Name

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 A

Enzyme 19 Synonyms

RAD6 homolog A
HR6A
hHR6A
Ubiquitin carrier protein A
Ubiquitin-protein ligase A

Enzyme 19 Gene Name

UBE2A

Enzyme 19 Protein Sequence

>Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 A

MSTPARRRLMRDFKRLQEDPPAGVSGAPSENNIMVWNAVIFGPEGTPFEDGTFKLTIEFT
EEYPNKPPTVRFVSKMFHPNVYADGSICLDILQNRWSPTYDVSSILTSIQSLLDEPNPNS
PANSQAAQLYQENKREYEKRVSAIVEQSWRDC

Enzyme 19 Number of Residues

152

Enzyme 19 Molecular Weight

17315.3

Enzyme 19 Theoretical pI

4.79

Enzyme 19 GO Classification

Function
acid-amino acid ligase activity catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds small conjugating protein ligase activity
Process
biological regulation macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule modification metabolic process post-translational protein modification protein modification process regulation of biological process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of metabolic process regulation of protein metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 19 General Function

Involved in acid-amino acid ligase activity

Enzyme 19 Specific Function

Accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. In vitro catalyzes 'Lys- 11', as well as 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination. Required for postreplication repair of UV-damaged DNA

Enzyme 19 Pathways

Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis (map04120 )

Enzyme 19 Reactions

ATP + ubiquitin + protein lysine = AMP + diphosphate + protein N-ubiquityllysine [RN:R03876]

Enzyme 19 Pfam Domain Function

UQ_con (PF00179 )

Enzyme 19 Signals

None

Enzyme 19 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 19 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 19 GenBank ID Protein

32967280

Enzyme 19 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P49459

Enzyme 19 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

UBE2A_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 19 PDB ID

1JAS

Enzyme 19 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 19 3D Structure

Enzyme 19 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 19 Gene Sequence

>459 bp

ATGTCCACCCCGGCTCGGCGGCGCCTCATGCGGGACTTCAAGAGGTTGCAGGAGGATCCT
CCAGCCGGAGTCAGCGGGGCTCCGTCCGAGAACAACATAATGGTGTGGAACGCGGTCATT
TTCGGGCCTGAAGGGACCCCGTTTGAGGATGGAACATTTAAACTTACAATAGAATTCACT
GAAGAATATCCAAATAAACCACCTACAGTTAGATTTGTCTCTAAGATGTTCCATCCAAAT
GTCTATGCAGATGGTAGTATATGTCTGGACATACTTCAGAACCGTTGGAGTCCAACCTAT
GATGTGTCTTCCATTCTAACATCCATACAGTCTCTGTTGGATGAACCCAATCCCAATAGT
CCAGCAAACAGCCAGGCTGCTCAGCTGTACCAGGAGAACAAACGGGAATATGAAAAGCGT
GTTTCTGCAATAGTAGAACAAAGCTGGCGTGATTGTTGA

Enzyme 19 GenBank Gene ID

NM_003336.2 Link Image

Enzyme 19 GeneCard ID

UBE2A

Enzyme 19 GenAtlas ID

UBE2A

Enzyme 19 HGNC ID

HGNC:12472 Link Image

Enzyme 19 Chromosome Location

Not Available

Enzyme 19 Locus

Not Available

Enzyme 19 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 19 General References

Koken MH, Reynolds P, Jaspers-Dekker I, Prakash L, Prakash S, Bootsma D, Hoeijmakers JH: Structural and functional conservation of two human homologs of the yeast DNA repair gene RAD6. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Oct 15;88(20):8865-9. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Ross MT, Grafham DV, Coffey AJ, Scherer S, McLay K, Muzny D, Platzer M, Howell GR, Burrows C, Bird CP, Frankish A, Lovell FL, Howe KL, Ashurst JL, Fulton RS, Sudbrak R, Wen G, Jones MC, Hurles ME, Andrews TD, Scott CE, Searle S, Ramser J, Whittaker A, Deadman R, Carter NP, Hunt SE, Chen R, Cree A, Gunaratne P, Havlak P, Hodgson A, Metzker ML, Richards S, Scott G, Steffen D, Sodergren E, Wheeler DA, Worley KC, Ainscough R, Ambrose KD, Ansari-Lari MA, Aradhya S, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Ballabio A, Banerjee R, Barker GE, Barlow KF, Barrett IP, Bates KN, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Beck A, Bethel G, Blechschmidt K, Brady N, Bray-Allen S, Bridgeman AM, Brown AJ, Brown MJ, Bonnin D, Bruford EA, Buhay C, Burch P, Burford D, Burgess J, Burrill W, Burton J, Bye JM, Carder C, Carrel L, Chako J, Chapman JC, Chavez D, Chen E, Chen G, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chinault C, Ciccodicola A, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Clerc-Blankenburg K, Clifford K, Cobley V, Cole CG, Conquer JS, Corby N, Connor RE, David R, Davies J, Davis C, Davis J, Delgado O, Deshazo D, Dhami P, Ding Y, Dinh H, Dodsworth S, Draper H, Dugan-Rocha S, Dunham A, Dunn M, Durbin KJ, Dutta I, Eades T, Ellwood M, Emery-Cohen A, Errington H, Evans KL, Faulkner L, Francis F, Frankland J, Fraser AE, Galgoczy P, Gilbert J, Gill R, Glockner G, Gregory SG, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Grocock R, Gu Y, Gwilliam R, Hamilton C, Hart EA, Hawes A, Heath PD, Heitmann K, Hennig S, Hernandez J, Hinzmann B, Ho S, Hoffs M, Howden PJ, Huckle EJ, Hume J, Hunt PJ, Hunt AR, Isherwood J, Jacob L, Johnson D, Jones S, de Jong PJ, Joseph SS, Keenan S, Kelly S, Kershaw JK, Khan Z, Kioschis P, Klages S, Knights AJ, Kosiura A, Kovar-Smith C, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leversha M, Lewis L, Liu W, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Loulseged H, Loveland JE, Lovell JD, Lozado R, Lu J, Lyne R, Ma J, Maheshwari M, Matthews LH, McDowall J, McLaren S, McMurray A, Meidl P, Meitinger T, Milne S, Miner G, Mistry SL, Morgan M, Morris S, Muller I, Mullikin JC, Nguyen N, Nordsiek G, Nyakatura G, O'Dell CN, Okwuonu G, Palmer S, Pandian R, Parker D, Parrish J, Pasternak S, Patel D, Pearce AV, Pearson DM, Pelan SE, Perez L, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Reichwald K, Rhodes S, Ridler KA, Schlessinger D, Schueler MG, Sehra HK, Shaw-Smith C, Shen H, Sheridan EM, Shownkeen R, Skuce CD, Smith ML, Sotheran EC, Steingruber HE, Steward CA, Storey R, Swann RM, Swarbreck D, Tabor PE, Taudien S, Taylor T, Teague B, Thomas K, Thorpe A, Timms K, Tracey A, Trevanion S, Tromans AC, d'Urso M, Verduzco D, Villasana D, Waldron L, Wall M, Wang Q, Warren J, Warry GL, Wei X, West A, Whitehead SL, Whiteley MN, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams G, Williams L, Williamson A, Williamson H, Wilming L, Woodmansey RL, Wray PW, Yen J, Zhang J, Zhou J, Zoghbi H, Zorilla S, Buck D, Reinhardt R, Poustka A, Rosenthal A, Lehrach H, Meindl A, Minx PJ, Hillier LW, Willard HF, Wilson RK, Waterston RH, Rice CM, Vaudin M, Coulson A, Nelson DL, Weinstock G, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Gibbs RA, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR: The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome. Nature. 2005 Mar 17;434(7031):325-37. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
David Y, Ziv T, Admon A, Navon A: The E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes direct polyubiquitination to preferred lysines. J Biol Chem. 2010 Mar 19;285(12):8595-604. Epub 2010 Jan 8. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 19 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 20 [top]

Enzyme 20 ID

5835

Enzyme 20 Name

NEDD8-conjugating enzyme Ubc12

Enzyme 20 Synonyms

NEDD8 carrier protein
NEDD8 protein ligase
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 M

Enzyme 20 Gene Name

UBE2M

Enzyme 20 Protein Sequence

>NEDD8-conjugating enzyme Ubc12

MIKLFSLKQQKKEEESAGGTKGSSKKASAAQLRIQKDINELNLPKTCDISFSDPDDLLNF
KLVICPDEGFYKSGKFVFSFKVGQGYPHDPPKVKCETMVYHPNIDLEGNVCLNILREDWK
PVLTINSIIYGLQYLFLEPNPEDPLNKEAAEVLQNNRRLFEQNVQRSMRGGYIGSTYFER
CLK

Enzyme 20 Number of Residues

183

Enzyme 20 Molecular Weight

20899.8

Enzyme 20 Theoretical pI

7.84

Enzyme 20 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding acid-amino acid ligase activity adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding binding catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds nucleoside binding purine nucleoside binding small conjugating protein ligase activity
Process
biological regulation macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule modification metabolic process post-translational protein modification protein modification process regulation of biological process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of metabolic process regulation of protein metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 20 General Function

Involved in ATP binding

Enzyme 20 Specific Function

Accepts the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 from the UBA3- NAE1 E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. The specific interaction with the E3 ubiquitin ligase RBX1, but not RBX2, suggests that the RBX1-UBE2M complex neddylates specific target proteins, such as CUL1, CUL2, CUL3 and CUL4. Involved in cell proliferation

Enzyme 20 Pathways

Not Available

Enzyme 20 Reactions

Not Available

Enzyme 20 Pfam Domain Function

UQ_con (PF00179 )

Enzyme 20 Signals

None

Enzyme 20 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 20 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 20 GenBank ID Protein

3599674

Enzyme 20 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P61081

Enzyme 20 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

UBC12_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 20 PDB ID

1Y8X

Enzyme 20 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 20 3D Structure

Enzyme 20 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 20 Gene Sequence

>552 bp

ATGATCAAGCTGTTCTCGCTGAAGCAGCAGAAGAAGGAGGAGGAGTCGGCGGGCGGCACC
AAGGGCAGCAGCAAGAAGGCGTCGGCGGCGCAGCTGCGGATCCAGAAGGACATAAACGAG
CTGAACCTGCCCAAGACGTGTGATATCAGCTTCTCAGATCCAGACGACCTCCTCAACTTC
AAGCTGGTCATCTGTCCTGATGAGGGCTTCTACAAGAGTGGGAAGTTTGTGTTCAGTTTT
AAGGTGGGCCAGGGTTACCCGCATGATCCCCCCAAGGTGAAGTGTGAGACAATGGTCTAT
CACCCCAACATTGACCTCGAGGGCAACGTCTGCCTCAACATCCTCAGAGAGGACTGGAAG
CCAGTCCTTACGATAAACTCCATAATTTATGGCCTGCAGTATCTCTTCTTGGAGCCCAAC
CCCGAGGACCCACTGAACAAGGAGGCCGCAGAGGTCCTGCAGAACAACCGGCGGCTGTTT
GAGCAGAACGTGCAGCGCTCCATGCGGGGTGGCTACATCGGCTCCACCTACTTTGAGCGC
TGCCTGAAATAG

Enzyme 20 GenBank Gene ID

AB012191

Enzyme 20 GeneCard ID

UBE2M

Enzyme 20 GenAtlas ID

UBE2M

Enzyme 20 HGNC ID

HGNC:12491 Link Image

Enzyme 20 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 20 Locus

19q13.43

Enzyme 20 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 20 General References

Osaka F, Kawasaki H, Aida N, Saeki M, Chiba T, Kawashima S, Tanaka K, Kato S: A new NEDD8-ligating system for cullin-4A. Genes Dev. 1998 Aug 1;12(15):2263-8. [PubMed ]
Gong L, Yeh ET: Identification of the activating and conjugating enzymes of the NEDD8 conjugation pathway. J Biol Chem. 1999 Apr 23;274(17):12036-42. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Wada H, Yeh ET, Kamitani T: A dominant-negative UBC12 mutant sequesters NEDD8 and inhibits NEDD8 conjugation in vivo. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jun 2;275(22):17008-15. [PubMed ]
Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]
Huang DT, Ayrault O, Hunt HW, Taherbhoy AM, Duda DM, Scott DC, Borg LA, Neale G, Murray PJ, Roussel MF, Schulman BA: E2-RING expansion of the NEDD8 cascade confers specificity to cullin modification. Mol Cell. 2009 Feb 27;33(4):483-95. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
Huang DT, Miller DW, Mathew R, Cassell R, Holton JM, Roussel MF, Schulman BA: A unique E1-E2 interaction required for optimal conjugation of the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2004 Oct;11(10):927-35. Epub 2004 Sep 7. [PubMed ]
Huang DT, Paydar A, Zhuang M, Waddell MB, Holton JM, Schulman BA: Structural basis for recruitment of Ubc12 by an E2 binding domain in NEDD8's E1. Mol Cell. 2005 Feb 4;17(3):341-50. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 20 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 21 [top]

Enzyme 21 ID

5836

Enzyme 21 Name

Ubiquitin/ISG15-conjugating enzyme E2 L6

Enzyme 21 Synonyms

Retinoic acid-induced gene B protein
RIG-B
UbcH8
Ubiquitin carrier protein L6
Ubiquitin-protein ligase L6

Enzyme 21 Gene Name

UBE2L6

Enzyme 21 Protein Sequence

>Ubiquitin/ISG15-conjugating enzyme E2 L6

MMASMRVVKELEDLQKKPPPYLRNLSSDDANVLVWHALLLPDQPPYHLKAFNLRISFPPE
YPFKPPMIKFTTKIYHPNVDENGQICLPIISSENWKPCTKTCQVLEALNVLVNRPNIREP
LRMDLADLLTQNPELFRKNAEEFTLRFGVDRPS

Enzyme 21 Number of Residues

153

Enzyme 21 Molecular Weight

17768.5

Enzyme 21 Theoretical pI

8.06

Enzyme 21 GO Classification

Function
acid-amino acid ligase activity catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds small conjugating protein ligase activity
Process
biological regulation macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule modification metabolic process post-translational protein modification protein modification process regulation of biological process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of metabolic process regulation of protein metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 21 General Function

Involved in acid-amino acid ligase activity

Enzyme 21 Specific Function

Catalyzes the covalent attachment of ubiquitin or ISG15 to other proteins. Functions in the E6/E6-AP-induced ubiquitination of p53/TP53

Enzyme 21 Pathways

Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis (map04120 )

Enzyme 21 Reactions

ATP + ubiquitin + protein lysine = AMP + diphosphate + protein N-ubiquityllysine [RN:R03876]

Enzyme 21 Pfam Domain Function

UQ_con (PF00179 )

Enzyme 21 Signals

None

Enzyme 21 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 21 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 21 GenBank ID Protein

4759282

Enzyme 21 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

O14933

Enzyme 21 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

UB2L6_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 21 PDB ID

1WZW

Enzyme 21 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 21 3D Structure

Enzyme 21 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 21 Gene Sequence

>462 bp

ATGATGGCGAGCATGCGAGTGGTGAAGGAGCTGGAGGATCTTCAGAAGAAGCCTCCCCCA
TACCTGCGGAACCTGTCCAGCGATGATGCCAATGTCCTGGTGTGGCACGCTCTCCTCCTA
CCCGACCAACCTCCCTACCACCTGAAAGCCTTCAACCTGCGCATCAGCTTCCCGCCGGAG
TATCCGTTCAAGCCTCCCATGATCAAATTCACAACCAAGATCTACCACCCCAACGTGGAC
GAGAACGGACAGATTTGCCTGCCCATCATCAGCAGTGAGAACTGGAAGCCTTGCACCAAG
ACTTGCCAAGTCCTGGAGGCCCTCAATGTGCTGGTGAATAGACCGAATATCAGGGAGCCC
CTGCGGATGGACCTCGCTGACCTGCTGACACAGAATCCGGAGCTGTTCAGAAAGAATGCC
GAAGAGTTCACCCTCCGATTCGGAGTGGACCGGCCCTCCTAA

Enzyme 21 GenBank Gene ID

NM_004223.3 Link Image

Enzyme 21 GeneCard ID

UBE2L6

Enzyme 21 GenAtlas ID

UBE2L6

Enzyme 21 HGNC ID

HGNC:12490 Link Image

Enzyme 21 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 21 Locus

11q12

Enzyme 21 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 21 General References

Ardley HC, Rose SA, Tan N, Leek JP, Markham AF, Robinson PA: Genomic organization of the human ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme gene, UBE2L6 on chromosome 11q12. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 2000;89(1-2):137-40. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Taylor TD, Noguchi H, Totoki Y, Toyoda A, Kuroki Y, Dewar K, Lloyd C, Itoh T, Takeda T, Kim DW, She X, Barlow KF, Bloom T, Bruford E, Chang JL, Cuomo CA, Eichler E, FitzGerald MG, Jaffe DB, LaButti K, Nicol R, Park HS, Seaman C, Sougnez C, Yang X, Zimmer AR, Zody MC, Birren BW, Nusbaum C, Fujiyama A, Hattori M, Rogers J, Lander ES, Sakaki Y: Human chromosome 11 DNA sequence and analysis including novel gene identification. Nature. 2006 Mar 23;440(7083):497-500. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Kumar S, Kao WH, Howley PM: Physical interaction between specific E2 and Hect E3 enzymes determines functional cooperativity. J Biol Chem. 1997 May 23;272(21):13548-54. [PubMed ]
Zhao C, Beaudenon SL, Kelley ML, Waddell MB, Yuan W, Schulman BA, Huibregtse JM, Krug RM: The UbcH8 ubiquitin E2 enzyme is also the E2 enzyme for ISG15, an IFN-alpha/beta-induced ubiquitin-like protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 May 18;101(20):7578-82. Epub 2004 May 6. [PubMed ]
Niwa J, Ishigaki S, Doyu M, Suzuki T, Tanaka K, Sobue G: A novel centrosomal ring-finger protein, dorfin, mediates ubiquitin ligase activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Mar 2;281(3):706-13. [PubMed ]
Takeuchi T, Iwahara S, Saeki Y, Sasajima H, Yokosawa H: Link between the ubiquitin conjugation system and the ISG15 conjugation system: ISG15 conjugation to the UbcH6 ubiquitin E2 enzyme. J Biochem. 2005 Dec;138(6):711-9. [PubMed ]
Huang J, Xu LG, Liu T, Zhai Z, Shu HB: The p53-inducible E3 ubiquitin ligase p53RFP induces p53-dependent apoptosis. FEBS Lett. 2006 Feb 6;580(3):940-7. Epub 2006 Jan 18. [PubMed ]
Fortier JM, Kornbluth J: NK lytic-associated molecule, involved in NK cytotoxic function, is an E3 ligase. J Immunol. 2006 Jun 1;176(11):6454-63. [PubMed ]
Serniwka SA, Shaw GS: The structure of the UbcH8-ubiquitin complex shows a unique ubiquitin interaction site. Biochemistry. 2009 Dec 29;48(51):12169-79. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 21 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 22 [top]

Enzyme 22 ID

5837

Enzyme 22 Name

Glycyl-tRNA synthetase

Enzyme 22 Synonyms

Diadenosine tetraphosphate synthetase
AP-4-A synthetase
Glycine--tRNA ligase
GlyRS

Enzyme 22 Gene Name

GARS

Enzyme 22 Protein Sequence

>Glycyl-tRNA synthetase

MPSPRPVLLRGARAALLLLLPPRLLARPSLLLRRSLSAASCAPISLPAAASRSSMDGAGA
EEVLAPLRLAVRQQGDLVRKLKEDKAPQVDVDKAVAELKARKRVLEAKELALQPKDDIVD
RAKMEDTLKRRFFYDQAFAIYGGVSGLYDFGPVGCALKNNIIQTWRQHFIQEEQILEIDC
TMLTPEPVLKTSGHVDKFADFMVKDVKNGECFRADHLLKAHLQKLMSDKKCSVEKKSEME
SVLAQLDNYGQQELADLFVNYNVKSPITGNDLSPPVSFNLMFKTFIGPGGNMPGYLRPET
AQGIFLNFKRLLEFNQGKLPFAAAQIGNSFRNEISPRSGLIRVREFTMAEIEHFVDPSEK
DHPKFQNVADLHLYLYSAKAQVSGQSARKMRLGDAVEQGVINNTVLGYFIGRIYLYLTKV
GISPDKLRFRQHMENEMAHYACDCWDAESKTSYGWIEIVGCADRSCYDLSCHARATKVPL
VAEKPLKEPKTVNVVQFEPSKGAIGKAYKKDAKLVMEYLAICDECYITEMEMLLNEKGEF
TIETEGKTFQLTKDMINVKRFQKTLYVEEVVPNVIEPSFGLGRIMYTVFEHTFHVREGDE
QRTFFSFPAVVAPFKCSVLPLSQNQEFMPFVKELSEALTRHGVSHKVDDSSGSIGRRYAR
TDEIGVAFGVTIDFDTVNKTPHTATLRDRDSMRQIRAEISELPSIVQDLANGNITWADVE
ARYPLFEGQETGKKETIEE

Enzyme 22 Number of Residues

739

Enzyme 22 Molecular Weight

83138.8

Enzyme 22 Theoretical pI

7.04

Enzyme 22 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity binding catalytic activity glycine-tRNA ligase activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds nucleoside binding nucleotide binding purine nucleoside binding
Process
RNA metabolic process biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule metabolic process glycyl-tRNA aminoacylation macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process ncRNA metabolic process tRNA aminoacylation tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation tRNA metabolic process translation
Component
cell part cytoplasm intracellular part

Enzyme 22 General Function

Involved in nucleotide binding

Enzyme 22 Specific Function

Catalyzes the attachment of glycine to tRNA(Gly). Is also able produce diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A), a universal pleiotropic signaling molecule needed for cell regulation pathways, by direct condensation of 2 ATPs

Enzyme 22 Pathways

Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (map00970 )
Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism (map00260 )

Enzyme 22 Reactions

ATP + glycine + tRNAGly = AMP + diphosphate + glycyl-tRNAGly [RN:R03654]

Enzyme 22 Pfam Domain Function

HGTP_anticodon (PF03129 )
tRNA-synt_2b (PF00587 )
WHEP-TRS (PF00458 )

Enzyme 22 Signals

None

Enzyme 22 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 22 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 22 GenBank ID Protein

Not Available

Enzyme 22 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P41250

Enzyme 22 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

SYG_HUMAN

Enzyme 22 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 22 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 22 Gene Sequence

>2220 bp

ATGCCCTCTCCGCGTCCAGTGCTGCTTAGAGGTGCTCGCGCCGCTCTGCTGCTGCTGCTG
CCGCCCCGGCTCTTAGCCCGACCCTCGCTCCTGCTCCGCCGGTCCCTCAGCGCGGCCTCC
TGCGCCCCGATCTCCTTGCCCGCCGCCGCCTCCCGGAGCAGCATGGACGGCGCGGGGGCT
GAGGAGGTGCTGGCACCTCTGAGGCTAGCAGTGCGCCAGCAGGGAGATCTTGTGCGAAAA
CTCAAAGAAGATAAAGCACCCCAAGTAGACGTAGACAAAGCAGTGGCTGAGCTCAAAGCC
CGCAAGAGGGTTCTGGAAGCAAAGGAGCTGGCGTTACAGCCCAAAGATGATATTGTAGAC
CGAGCAAAAATGGAAGATACCCTGAAGAGGAGGTTTTTCTATGATCAAGCTTTTGCTATT
TATGGAGGTGTTAGTGGTCTGTATGACTTTGGGCCAGTTGGCTGTGCTTTGAAGAACAAT
ATTATTCAGACCTGGAGGCAGCACTTTATCCAAGAGGAACAGATCCTGGAGATCGATTGC
ACCATGCTCACCCCTGAGCCAGTTTTAAAGACCTCTGGCCATGTAGACAAATTTGCTGAC
TTCATGGTGAAAGACGTAAAAAATGGAGAATGTTTTCGTGCTGACCATCTATTAAAAGCT
CATTTACAGAAATTGATGTCTGATAAGAAGTGTTCTGTCGAAAAGAAATCAGAAATGGAA
AGTGTTTTGGCCCAGCTTGATAACTATGGACAGCAAGAACTTGCGGATCTTTTTGTGAAC
TATAATGTAAAATCTCCCATTACTGGAAATGATCTATCCCCTCCAGTGTCTTTTAACTTA
ATGTTCAAGACTTTCATTGGGCCTGGAGGAAACATGCCTGGGTACTTGAGACCAGAAACT
GCACAGGGGATTTTCTTGAATTTCAAACGACTTTTGGAGTTCAACCAAGGAAAGTTGCCT
TTTGCTGCTGCCCAGATTGGAAATTCTTTTAGAAATGAGATCTCCCCTCGATCTGGACTG
ATCAGAGTCAGAGAATTCACAATGGCAGAAATTGAGCACTTTGTAGATCCCAGTGAGAAA
GACCACCCCAAGTTCCAGAATGTGGCAGACCTTCACCTTTATTTGTATTCAGCAAAAGCC
CAGGTCAGCGGACAGTCCGCTCGGAAAATGCGCCTGGGAGATGCTGTTGAACAGGGTGTG
ATTAATAACACAGTATTAGGCTATTTCATTGGCCGCATCTACCTCTACCTCACGAAGGTT
GGAATATCTCCAGATAAACTCCGCTTCCGGCAGCACATGGAGAATGAGATGGCCCATTAT
GCCTGTGACTGTTGGGATGCAGAATCCAAAACATCCTACGGTTGGATTGAGATTGTTGGA
TGTGCTGATCGTTCCTGTTATGACCTCTCCTGTCATGCACGAGCCACCAAAGTCCCACTT
GTAGCTGAGAAACCTCTGAAAGAACCCAAAACAGTCAATGTTGTTCAGTTTGAACCCAGT
AAGGGAGCAATTGGTAAGGCATATAAGAAGGATGCAAAACTGGTGATGGAGTATCTTGCC
ATTTGTGATGAGTGCTACATTACAGAAATGGAGATGCTGCTGAATGAGAAAGGGGAATTC
ACAATTGAAACTGAAGGGAAAACATTTCAGTTAACAAAAGACATGATCAATGTGAAGAGA
TTCCAGAAAACACTATATGTGGAAGAAGTTGTTCCGAATGTAATTGAACCTTCCTTCGGC
CTGGGTAGGATCATGTATACGGTATTTGAACATACATTCCATGTACGAGAAGGAGATGAA
CAGAGAACATTCTTCAGTTTCCCTGCTGTAGTTGCTCCATTCAAATGTTCCGTCCTCCCA
CTGAGCCAAAACCAGGAGTTCATGCCATTTGTCAAGGAATTATCGGAAGCCCTGACCAGG
CATGGAGTATCTCACAAAGTAGACGATTCCTCTGGGTCAATCGGAAGGCGCTATGCCAGG
ACTGATGAGATTGGCGTGGCTTTTGGTGTCACCATTGACTTTGACACAGTGAACAAGACC
CCCCACACTGCAACTCTGAGGGACCGTGACTCAATGCGGCAGATAAGAGCAGAGATCTCT
GAGCTGCCCAGCATAGTCCAAGACCTAGCCAATGGCAACATCACATGGGCTGATGTGGAG
GCCAGGTATCCTCTGTTTGAAGGGCAAGAGACTGGTAAAAAAGAGACAATCGAGGAATGA

Enzyme 22 GenBank Gene ID

D30658

Enzyme 22 GeneCard ID

GARS

Enzyme 22 GenAtlas ID

GARS

Enzyme 22 HGNC ID

HGNC:4162

Enzyme 22 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 22 Locus

7p15

Enzyme 22 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 22 General References

Shiba K, Schimmel P, Motegi H, Noda T: Human glycyl-tRNA synthetase. Wide divergence of primary structure from bacterial counterpart and species-specific aminoacylation. J Biol Chem. 1994 Nov 25;269(47):30049-55. [PubMed ]
Williams J, Osvath S, Khong TF, Pearse M, Power D: Cloning, sequencing and bacterial expression of human glycine tRNA synthetase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1995 Apr 25;23(8):1307-10. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Graves TA, Pepin KH, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Maas J, Jaeger S, Walker R, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, O'Laughlin MD, Schaller ME, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Cordes M, Du H, Sun H, Edwards J, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Andrews S, Isak A, Vanbrunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Lamar B, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Bielicki L, Scott K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Harris A, Strong CM, Hou S, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Leonard S, Rohlfing T, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Abbott A, Minx P, Maupin R, Strowmatt C, Latreille P, Miller N, Johnson D, Murray J, Woessner JP, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Schultz BR, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Nelson JO, Berkowicz N, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Bedell JA, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Chissoe SL, Marra MA, Raymond C, Haugen E, Gillett W, Zhou Y, James R, Phelps K, Iadanoto S, Bubb K, Simms E, Levy R, Clendenning J, Kaul R, Kent WJ, Furey TS, Baertsch RA, Brent MR, Keibler E, Flicek P, Bork P, Suyama M, Bailey JA, Portnoy ME, Torrents D, Chinwalla AT, Gish WR, Eddy SR, McPherson JD, Olson MV, Eichler EE, Green ED, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7. Nature. 2003 Jul 10;424(6945):157-64. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Ge Q, Trieu EP, Targoff IN: Primary structure and functional expression of human Glycyl-tRNA synthetase, an autoantigen in myositis. J Biol Chem. 1994 Nov 18;269(46):28790-7. [PubMed ]
Mudge SJ, Williams JH, Eyre HJ, Sutherland GR, Cowan PJ, Power DA: Complex organisation of the 5'-end of the human glycine tRNA synthetase gene. Gene. 1998 Mar 16;209(1-2):45-50. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
Cader MZ, Ren J, James PA, Bird LE, Talbot K, Stammers DK: Crystal structure of human wildtype and S581L-mutant glycyl-tRNA synthetase, an enzyme underlying distal spinal muscular atrophy. FEBS Lett. 2007 Jun 26;581(16):2959-64. Epub 2007 May 29. [PubMed ]
Xie W, Nangle LA, Zhang W, Schimmel P, Yang XL: Long-range structural effects of a Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease-causing mutation in human glycyl-tRNA synthetase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jun 12;104(24):9976-81. Epub 2007 Jun 1. [PubMed ]
Guo RT, Chong YE, Guo M, Yang XL: Crystal structures and biochemical analyses suggest a unique mechanism and role for human glycyl-tRNA synthetase in Ap4A homeostasis. J Biol Chem. 2009 Oct 16;284(42):28968-76. Epub 2009 Aug 26. [PubMed ]
Antonellis A, Ellsworth RE, Sambuughin N, Puls I, Abel A, Lee-Lin SQ, Jordanova A, Kremensky I, Christodoulou K, Middleton LT, Sivakumar K, Ionasescu V, Funalot B, Vance JM, Goldfarb LG, Fischbeck KH, Green ED: Glycyl tRNA synthetase mutations in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D and distal spinal muscular atrophy type V. Am J Hum Genet. 2003 May;72(5):1293-9. Epub 2003 Apr 10. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 22 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 23 [top]

Enzyme 23 ID

5839

Enzyme 23 Name

Bifunctional aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Enzyme 23 Synonyms

Cell proliferation-inducing gene 32 protein
Glutamyl-tRNA synthetase
Glutamate--tRNA ligase
GluRS
Prolyl-tRNA synthetase
Proline--tRNA ligase

Enzyme 23 Gene Name

EPRS

Enzyme 23 Protein Sequence

>Bifunctional aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

MATLSLTVNSGDPPLGALLAVEHVKDDVSISVEEGKENILHVSENVIFTDVNSILRYLAR
VATTAGLYGSNLMEHTEIDHWLEFSATKLSSCDSFTSTINELNHCLSLRTYLVGNSLSLA
DLCVWATLKGNAAWQEQLKQKKAPVHVKRWFGFLEAQQAFQSVGTKWDVSTTKARVAPEK
KQDVGKFVELPGAEMGKVTVRFPPEASGYLHIGHAKAALLNQHYQVNFKGKLIMRFDDTN
PEKEKEDFEKVILEDVAMLHIKPDQFTYTSDHFETIMKYAEKLIQEGKAYVDDTPAEQMK
AEREQRIDSKHRKNPIEKNLQMWEEMKKGSQFGQSCCLRAKIDMSSNNGCMRDPTLYRCK
IQPHPRTGNKYNVYPTYDFACPIVDSIEGVTHALRTTEYHDRDEQFYWIIEALGIRKPYI
WEYSRLNLNNTVLSKRKLTWFVNEGLVDGWDDPRFPTVRGVLRRGMTVEGLKQFIAAQGS
SRSVVNMEWDKIWAFNKKVIDPVAPRYVALLKKEVIPVNVPEAQEEMKEVAKHPKNPEVG
LKPVWYSPKVFIEGADAETFSEGEMVTFINWGNLNITKIHKNADGKIISLDAKLNLENKD
YKKTTKVTWLAETTHALPIPVICVTYEHLITKPVLGKDEDFKQYVNKNSKHEELMLGDPC
LKDLKKGDIIQLQRRGFFICDQPYEPVSPYSCKEAPCVLIYIPDGHTKEMPTSGSKEKTK
VEATKNETSAPFKERPTPSLNNNCTTSEDSLVLYNRVAVQGDVVRELKAKKAPKEDVDAA
VKQLLSLKAEYKEKTGQEYKPGNPPAEIGQNISSNSSASILESKSLYDEVAAQGEVVRKL
KAEKSPKAKINEAVECLLSLKAQYKEKTGKEYIPGQPPLSQSSDSSPTRNSEPAGLETPE
AKVLFDKVASQGEVVRKLKTEKAPKDQVDIAVQELLQLKAQYKSLIGVEYKPVSATGAED
KDKKKKEKENKSEKQNKPQKQNDGQRKDPSKNQGGGLSSSGAGEGQGPKKQTRLGLEAKK
EENLADWYSQVITKSEMIEYHDISGCYILRPWAYAIWEAIKDFFDAEIKKLGVENCYFPM
FVSQSALEKEKTHVADFAPEVAWVTRSGKTELAEPIAIRPTSETVMYPAYAKWVQSHRDL
PIKLNQWCNVVRWEFKHPQPFLRTREFLWQEGHSAFATMEEAAEEVLQILDLYAQVYEEL
LAIPVVKGRKTEKEKFAGGDYTTTIEAFISASGRAIQGGTSHHLGQNFSKMFEIVFEDPK
IPGEKQFAYQNSWGLTTRTIGVMTMVHGDNMGLVLPPRVACVQVVIIPCGITNALSEEDK
EALIAKCNDYRRRLLSVNIRVRADLRDNYSPGWKFNHWELKGVPIRLEVGPRDMKSCQFV
AVRRDTGEKLTVAENEAETKLQAILEDIQVTLFTRASEDLKTHMVVANTMEDFQKILDSG
KIVQIPFCGEIDCEDWIKKTTARDQDLEPGAPSMGAKSLCIPFKPLCELQPGAKCVCGKN
PAKYYTLFGRSY

Enzyme 23 Number of Residues

1512

Enzyme 23 Molecular Weight

170589.7

Enzyme 23 Theoretical pI

7.34

Enzyme 23 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity binding catalytic activity glutamate-tRNA ligase activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds nucleoside binding nucleotide binding proline-tRNA ligase activity purine nucleoside binding
Process
RNA metabolic process biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule metabolic process glutamyl-tRNA aminoacylation macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process ncRNA metabolic process prolyl-tRNA aminoacylation tRNA aminoacylation tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation tRNA metabolic process translation
Component
cell part cytoplasm intracellular part

Enzyme 23 General Function

Involved in nucleotide binding

Enzyme 23 Specific Function

Catalyzes the attachment of the cognate amino acid to the corresponding tRNA in a two-step reaction:the amino acid is first activated by ATP to form a covalent intermediate with AMP and is then transferred to the acceptor end of the cognate tRNA

Enzyme 23 Pathways

Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (map00970 )
Glutamate Metabolism (map00251 )
Porphyrin Metabolism (map00860 )

Enzyme 23 Reactions

ATP + L-glutamate + tRNAGlu = AMP + diphosphate + L-glutamyl-tRNAGlu [RN:R05578]

Enzyme 23 Pfam Domain Function

HGTP_anticodon (PF03129 )
ProRS-C_1 (PF09180 )
tRNA-synt_1c (PF00749 )
tRNA-synt_1c_C (PF03950 )
tRNA-synt_2b (PF00587 )
WHEP-TRS (PF00458 )

Enzyme 23 Signals

None

Enzyme 23 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 23 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 23 GenBank ID Protein

Not Available

Enzyme 23 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P07814

Enzyme 23 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

SYEP_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 23 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 23 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 23 Gene Sequence

>4539 bp

ATGGCGACGCTCTCTCTGACCGTGAATTCAGGAGACCCTCCGCTAGGAGCTTTGCTGGCA
GTAGAACACGTGAAAGACGATGTCAGCATTTCCGTTGAAGAAGGGAAAGAGAATATTCTT
CATGTTTCTGAAAATGTGATATTCACAGATGTGAATTCTATACTTCGCTACTTGGCTAGA
GTTGCAACTACAGCTGGGTTATATGGCTCTAATCTGATGGAACATACTGAGATTGATCAC
TGGTTGGAGTTCAGTGCTACAAAATTATCTTCATGTGATTCCTTTACTTCTACAATTAAT
GAACTCAATCATTGCCTGTCTCTGAGAACATACTTAGTTGGAAACTCCTTGAGTTTAGCA
GATTTATGTGTTTGGGCCACCCTAAAAGGAAATGCTGCCTGGCAAGAACAGTTGAAACAG
AAGAAAGCTCCAGTTCATGTAAAACGTTGGTTTGGCTTTCTTGAAGCCCAGCAGGCCTTC
CAGTCAGTAGGTACCAAGTGGGATGTTTCAACAACCAAAGCTCGAGTGGCACCTGAGAAA
AAGCAAGATGTTGGGAAATTTGTTGAGCTTCCAGGTGCGGAGATGGGAAAGGTTACCGTC
AGATTTCCTCCAGAGGCCAGTGGTTACTTACACATTGGGCATGCAAAAGCTGCTCTTCTG
AACCAGCACTACCAGGTTAACTTTAAAGGGAAACTGATCATGAGATTTGATGACACAAAT
CCTGAAAAAGAAAAGGAAGATTTTGAGAAGGTTATCTTGGAAGATGTTGCAATGTTGCAT
ATCAAACCAGATCAATTTACTTATACTTCGGATCATTTTGAAACTATAATGAAGTATGCA
GAGAAGCTAATTCAAGAAGGGAAGGCTTATGTGGATGATACTCCTGCTGAACAGATGAAA
GCAGAACGTGAGCAGAGGATAGAATCTAAACATAGAAAAAACCCTATTGAGAAGAATCTA
CAAATGTGGGAAGAAATGAAAAAAGGGAGCCAGTTTGGTCAGTCCTGTTGTTTGCGAGCA
AAAATTGACATGAGTAGTAACAATGGATGCATGAGAGATCCAACCCTTTATCGCTGCAAA
ATTCAACCACATCCAAGAACTGGAAATAAATACAATGTTTATCCAACATATGATTTTGCC
TGCCCCATAGTTGACAGCATCGAAGGTGTTACACATGCCCTGAGAACAACAGAATACCAT
GACAGAGATGAGCAGTTTTACTGGATTATTGAAGCTTTAGGCATAAGAAAACCATATATT
TGGGAATATAGTCGGCTAAATCTCAACAACACAGTGCTATCCAAAAGAAAACTCACATGG
TTTGTCAATGAAGGACTAGTAGATGGATGGGATGACCCAAGATTTCCTACGGTTCGTGGT
GTACTGAGAAGAGGGATGACAGTTGAAGGACTGAAACAGTTTATTGCTGCTCAGGGCTCC
TCACGTTCAGTCGTGAACATGGAGTGGGACAAAATCTGGGCGTTTAACAAAAAGGTTATT
GACCCAGTGGCTCCACGATATGTTGCATTACTGAAGAAAGAAGTGATCCCAGTGAATGTA
CCTGAAGCTCAGGAGGAGATGAAAGAAGTAGCCAGACACCCAAAGAATCCTGAGGTTGGC
TTGAAGCCTGTGTGGTATAGTCCCAAAGTTTTCATTGAAGGTGCTGATGCAGAGACTTTT
TCGGAGGGTGAGATGGTTACATTTATAAATTGGGGCAACCTCAACATTACAAAAATACAC
AAAAATGCAGATGGAAAAATCATATCTCTTGATGCAAAGTTGAATTTGGAAAACAAAGAC
TACAAGAAAACCACTAAGGTCACTTGGCTTGCAGAGACTACACATGCTCTTCCTATTCCA
GTAATCTGTGTCACTTATGAGCACTTGATCACAAAGCCAGTGCTAGGAAAAGACGAGGAC
TTTAAGCAGTATGTCAACAAGAACAGTAAGCATGAAGAGCTAATGCTAGGGGATCCCTGC
CTTAAGGATTTGAAAAAAGGAGATATTATACAACTCCAGAGAAGAGGATTCTTCATATGT
GATCAACCTTATGAACCTGTTAGCCCATATAGTTGCAAGGAAGCCCCGTGTGTTTTGATA
TACATTCCTGATGGGCACACAAAGGAAATGCCAACATCAGGGTCAAAGGAAAAGACCAAA
GTAGAAGCCACAAAAAATGAGACCTCTGCTCCTTTTAAGGAAAGACCAACACCTTCTCTG
AATAATAATTGTACTACATCTGAGGATTCCTTGGTCCTTTACAATAGAGTGGCTGTTCAA
GGAGATGTGGTTCGTGAATTAAAAGCCAAGAAAGCACCAAAGGAAGATGTAGATGCAGCT
GTAAAACAGCTTTTGTCTTTGAAAGCTGAATATAAGGAGAAAACTGGCCAGGAATATAAA
CCTGGAAACCCTCCTGCTGAAATAGGACAGAATATTTCTTCTAATTCCTCAGCAAGTATT
CTGGAAAGTAAATCTCTGTATGATGAAGTTGCTGCACAAGGGGAGGTGGTTCGTAAGCTA
AAAGCTGAAAAATCCCCTAAGGCTAAAATAAATGAAGCTGTAGAATGCTTACTGTCCCTG
AAGGCTCAGTATAAAGAAAAAACTGGGAAGGAGTACATACCTGGTCAGCCCCCATTATCT
CAAAGTTCGGATTCAAGCCCAACCAGAAATTCTGAACCTGCTGGTTTAGAAACACCAGAA
GCGAAAGTACTTTTTGACAAAGTAGCTTCTCAAGGGGAAGTAGTTCGGAAACTTAAAACT
GAAAAAGCCCCTAAGGATCAAGTAGATATAGCTGTTCAAGAACTCCTTCAGCTAAAGGCA
CAGTACGAGTCTTTGATAGGAGTAGAGTATAAGCCTGTGTCGGCCACTGGAGCTGAGGAC
AAAGATAAGAAGAAGAAAGAAAAAGAAAATAAATCTGAAAAGCAGAATAAGCCTCAGAAA
CAAAATGATGGCCAAAGGAAAGACCCTTCTAAAAACCAAGGAGGTGGGCTCTCATCAAGT
GGAGCAGGAGAAGGGCAGGGGCCTAAGAAACAGACCAGGTTGGGTCTTGAGGCAAAAAAA
GAAGAAAATCTTGCTGATTGGTATTCTCAGGTCATCACAAAATCAGAAATGATTGAATAC
CATGACGTAAGTGGCTGTTATATTCTTCGTCCCTGGGCCTATGCCATTTGGGAAGCCATC
AAGGACTTTTTTGATGCTGAGATCAAGAAACTTGGTGTTGAAAACTGCTACTTCCCCATG
TTTGTGTCTCAAAGTGCATTAGAGAAAGAGAAGACTCATGTTGCTGACTTTGCCCCAGAG
GTTGCTTGGGTTACAAGATCTGGCAAAACCGAGCTGGCAGAACCAATTGCCATTCGTCCT
ACTAGTGAAACAGTAATGTATCCTGCATATGCAAAATGGGTACAATCACACAGAGACCTG
CCCATCAAGCTCAATCAGTGGTGCAATGTGGTGCGTTGGGAATTCAAGCATCCTCAGCCT
TTCCTACGTACTCGTGAATTTCTTTGGCAGGAAGGGCACAGTGCTTTTGTTACCGTGGAA
GAGGCAGCGGAAGAGGTCTTGCAGATACTTGACTTATATGCTCAGGTATATGAAGAACTC
CTGGCAATTCCTGTTGTTAAAGGAAGAAAGACGGAAAAGGAAAAATTTGCAGGAGGAGAC
TATACAACTACAATAGAAGCATTTATATCTGCTAGTGGAAGAGCTATCCAGGGAGGAACA
TCACATCATTTAGGGCAGAATTTTTCCAAAATGTTTGAAATCGTTTTTGAAGATCCAAAG
ATACCAGGAGAGAAGCAATTTGCCTATCAAAACTCCTGGGGCCTGACAACTCGAACTATT
GGTGTTATGACCATGGTTCATGGGGACAACATGGGTTTAGTATTACCACCCCGTGTAGCA
TGTGTTCAGGTGGTGATTATTCCTTGTGGCATTACCAATGCACTTTCTGAAGAAGACAAA
GAAGCGCTGATTGCAAAATGCAATGATTATCGAAGGCGATTACTCAGTGTTAACATCCGC
GTTAGAGCTGATTTACGAGATAATTATTCTCCAGGTTGGAAATTCAATCACTGGGAGCTC
AAGGGAGTTCCCATTAGACTTGAAGTTGGGCCACGTGATATGAAGAGCTGTCAGTTTGTA
GCCGTCAGACGAGATACTGGAGAAAAGCTGACAGTTGCTGAAAATGAGGCAGAGACTAAA
CTTCAAGCTATTTTGGAAGACATCCAGGTCACCCTTTTCACAAGGGCTTCTGAAGACCTT
AAGACTCATATGGTTGTGGCTAATACAATGGAAGACTTTCAGAAGATACTAGATTCTGGA
AGGATTGTTCAGATTCCATTCTGTGGGGAAATTGACTGTGAGGACTGGATCAAAAAGACC
ACTGCCAGGGATCAAGATCTTGAACCTGGTGCTCCATCCATGGGAGCTAAAAGCCTTTGC
ATCCCCTTCAAACCACTCTGTGAACTGCAGCCTGGAGCCAAATGTGTCTGTGGCAAGAAC
CCTGCCAAGTACTACACCTTATTTGGTCGCAGCTACTGA

Enzyme 23 GenBank Gene ID

CR933648

Enzyme 23 GeneCard ID

EPRS

Enzyme 23 GenAtlas ID

EPRS

Enzyme 23 HGNC ID

HGNC:3418

Enzyme 23 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 23 Locus

1q41-q42

Enzyme 23 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 23 General References

Bechtel S, Rosenfelder H, Duda A, Schmidt CP, Ernst U, Wellenreuther R, Mehrle A, Schuster C, Bahr A, Blocker H, Heubner D, Hoerlein A, Michel G, Wedler H, Kohrer K, Ottenwalder B, Poustka A, Wiemann S, Schupp I: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium. BMC Genomics. 2007 Oct 31;8:399. [PubMed ]
Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Fett R, Knippers R: The primary structure of human glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. A highly conserved core, amino acid repeat regions, and homologies with translation elongation factors. J Biol Chem. 1991 Jan 25;266(3):1448-55. [PubMed ]
Thommes P, Fett R, Schray B, Kunze N, Knippers R: The core region of human glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase homologies with the Escherichia coli and yeast enzymes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Jun 24;16(12):5391-406. [PubMed ]
Cerini C, Kerjan P, Astier M, Gratecos D, Mirande M, Semeriva M: A component of the multisynthetase complex is a multifunctional aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. EMBO J. 1991 Dec;10(13):4267-77. [PubMed ]
Kaiser E, Eberhard D, Knippers R: Exons encoding the highly conserved part of human glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. J Mol Evol. 1992 Jan;34(1):45-53. [PubMed ]
Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, Elias JE, Villen J, Li J, Cohn MA, Cantley LC, Gygi SP: Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Aug 17;101(33):12130-5. Epub 2004 Aug 9. [PubMed ]
Kato T, Daigo Y, Hayama S, Ishikawa N, Yamabuki T, Ito T, Miyamoto M, Kondo S, Nakamura Y: A novel human tRNA-dihydrouridine synthase involved in pulmonary carcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 2005 Jul 1;65(13):5638-46. [PubMed ]
Beausoleil SA, Villen J, Gerber SA, Rush J, Gygi SP: A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization. Nat Biotechnol. 2006 Oct;24(10):1285-92. Epub 2006 Sep 10. [PubMed ]
Yu LR, Zhu Z, Chan KC, Issaq HJ, Dimitrov DS, Veenstra TD: Improved titanium dioxide enrichment of phosphopeptides from HeLa cells and high confident phosphopeptide identification by cross-validation of MS/MS and MS/MS/MS spectra. J Proteome Res. 2007 Nov;6(11):4150-62. Epub 2007 Oct 9. [PubMed ]
Molina H, Horn DM, Tang N, Mathivanan S, Pandey A: Global proteomic profiling of phosphopeptides using electron transfer dissociation tandem mass spectrometry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Feb 13;104(7):2199-204. Epub 2007 Feb 7. [PubMed ]
Cantin GT, Yi W, Lu B, Park SK, Xu T, Lee JD, Yates JR 3rd: Combining protein-based IMAC, peptide-based IMAC, and MudPIT for efficient phosphoproteomic analysis. J Proteome Res. 2008 Mar;7(3):1346-51. Epub 2008 Jan 26. [PubMed ]
Daub H, Olsen JV, Bairlein M, Gnad F, Oppermann FS, Korner R, Greff Z, Keri G, Stemmann O, Mann M: Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle. Mol Cell. 2008 Aug 8;31(3):438-48. [PubMed ]
Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]
Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
Oppermann FS, Gnad F, Olsen JV, Hornberger R, Greff Z, Keri G, Mann M, Daub H: Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2009 Jul;8(7):1751-64. Epub 2009 Apr 15. [PubMed ]
Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
Jeong EJ, Hwang GS, Kim KH, Kim MJ, Kim S, Kim KS: Structural analysis of multifunctional peptide motifs in human bifunctional tRNA synthetase: identification of RNA-binding residues and functional implications for tandem repeats. Biochemistry. 2000 Dec 26;39(51):15775-82. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 23 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 24 [top]

Enzyme 24 ID

5842

Enzyme 24 Name

Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 4

Enzyme 24 Synonyms

Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4
LACS 4

Enzyme 24 Gene Name

ACSL4

Enzyme 24 Protein Sequence

>Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 4

MKLKLNVLTIILLPVHLLITIYSALIFIPWYFLTNAKKKNAMAKRIKAKPTSDKPGSPYR
SVTHFDSLAVIDIPGADTLDKLFDHAVSKFGKKDSLGTREILSEENEMQPNGKVFKKLIL
GNYKWMNYLEVNRRVNNFGSGLTALGLKPKNTIAIFCETRAEWMIAAQTCFKYNFPLVTL
YATLGKEAVVHGLNESEASYLITSVELLESKLKTALLDISCVKHIIYVDNKAINKAEYPE
GFEIHSMQSVEELGSNPENLGIPPSRPTPSDMAIVMYTSGSTGRPKGVMMHHSNLIAGMT
GQCERIPGLGPKDTYIGYLPLAHVLELTAEISCFTYGCRIGYSSPLTLSDQSSKIKKGSK
GDCTVLKPTLMAAVPEIMDRIYKNVMSKVQEMNYIQKTLFKIGYDYKLEQIKKGYDAPLC
NLLLFKKVKALLGGNVRMMLSGGAPLSPQTHRFMNVCFCCPIGQGYGLTESCGAGTVTEV
TDYTTGRVGAPLICCEIKLKDWQEGGYTINDKPNPRGEIVIGGQNISMGYFKNEEKTAED
YSVDENGQRWFCTGDIGEFHPDGCLQIIDRKKDLVKLQAGEYVSLGKVEAALKNCPLIDN
ICAFAKSDQSYVISFVVPNQKRLTLLAQQKGVEGTWVDICNNPAMEAEILKEIREAANAM
KLERFEIPIKVRLSPEPWTPETGLVTDAFKLKRKELRNHYLKDIERMYGGK

Enzyme 24 Number of Residues

711

Enzyme 24 Molecular Weight

79187.4

Enzyme 24 Theoretical pI

8.51

Enzyme 24 GO Classification

Function
catalytic activity
Process
metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 24 General Function

Involved in catalytic activity

Enzyme 24 Specific Function

Activation of long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation. Preferentially uses arachidonate and eicosapentaenoate as substrates

Enzyme 24 Pathways

Fatty Acid Metabolism (map00071 )

Enzyme 24 Reactions

ATP + a long-chain carboxylic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA [RN:R00390]

Enzyme 24 Pfam Domain Function

AMP-binding (PF00501 )

Enzyme 24 Signals

None

Enzyme 24 Transmembrane Regions

8-28

Enzyme 24 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 24 GenBank ID Protein

12669909

Enzyme 24 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

O60488

Enzyme 24 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

ACSL4_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 24 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 24 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 24 Gene Sequence

>2136 bp

ATGAAACTTAAGCTAAATGTGCTCACCATTATTTTGCTGCCTGTCCACTTGTTAATAACA
ATATACAGTGCCCTTATATTTATTCCATGGTATTTTCTTACCAATGCCAAGAAGAAAAAC
GCTATGGCAAAGAGAATAAAAGCTAAGCCCACTTCAGACAAACCTGGAAGTCCATATCGC
TCTGTCACACACTTCGACTCACTAGCTGTAATAGACATCCCTGGAGCAGATACTCTGGAT
AAATTATTTGACCATGCTGTATCCAAGTTTGGGAAGAAGGACAGCCTTGGGACCAGGGAA
ATCCTAAGTGAAGAAAATGAAATGCAGCCAAATGGAAAAGTTTTTAAGAAGTTAATTCTT
GGGAATTATAAATGGATGAACTATCTTGAAGTGAATCGCAGAGTGAATAACTTTGGTAGT
GGACTCACTGCACTGGGACTAAAACCAAAGAACACCATTGCCATCTTCTGTGAGACCAGG
GCCGAATGGATGATTGCAGCACAGACCTGCTTTAAGTACAACTTTCCTCTTGTGACTTTA
TATGCCACACTTGGCAAAGAAGCAGTAGTTCATGGGCTAAATGAATCTGAGGCTTCCTAT
CTGATTACCAGTGTTGAACTTCTGGAAAGTAAACTTAAGACTGCATTGTTAGATATCAGT
TGTGTTAAACATATCATTTATGTGGACAATAAGGCTATCAATAAAGCAGAGTACCCTGAA
GGATTTGAGATTCACAGCATGCAATCAGTAGAAGAGTTGGGATCTAACCCAGAAAACTTG
GGCATTCCTCCAAGTAGACCAACGCCTTCAGACATGGCCATTGTTATGTATACTAGTGGT
TCTACTGGCCGACCTAAGGGAGTGATGATGCATCATAGCAATTTGATAGCTGGAATGACA
GGCCAGTGTGAAAGAATACCTGGACTGGGACCGAAGGACACATATATTGGCTACTTGCCT
TTGGCTCATGTGCTAGAACTGACAGCAGAGATATCTTGCTTTACCTATGGCTGCAGGATT
GGATATTCTTCTCCGCTTACACTCTCTGACCAGTCCAGCAAAATTAAAAAAGGAAGCAAA
GGAGACTGTACTGTACTGAAGCCCACACTTATGGCTGCTGTTCCGGAAATCATGGATAGA
ATTTATAAGAATGTTATGAGCAAAGTCCAAGAGATGAATTATATTCAGAAAACTCTGTTC
AAGATAGGGTATGATTACAAATTGGAACAGATCAAAAAGGGATATGATGCACCTCTTTGC
AATCTGTTACTGTTTAAAAAGGTCAAGGCCCTGCTGGGAGGGAATGTCCGCATGATGCTG
TCTGGAGGGGCCCCGCTATCTCCTCAGACACACCGATTCATGAATGTCTGCTTCTGCTGC
CCAATTGGCCAGGGTTATGGACTGACAGAATCATGTGGTGCTGGGACAGTTACTGAAGTA
ACTGACTATACTACTGGCAGAGTTGGAGCACCTCTTATTTGCTGTGAAATTAAGCTAAAA
GACTGGCAAGAAGGCGGTTATACAATTAATGACAAGCCAAACCCCAGAGGTGAAATCGTA
ATTGGTGGACAGAACATCTCCATGGGATATTTTAAAAATGAAGAGAAAACAGCAGAAGAT
TATTCTGTGGATGAAAATGGACAAAGGTGGTTTTGCACTGGTGATATTGGAGAATTCCAT
CCCGATGGATGTTTACAGATTATAGATCGTAAGAAAGATCTAGTGAAGTTACAAGCAGGA
GAGTATGTATCTCTTGGGAAAGTAGAAGCTGCACTGAAGAATTGTCCACTTATTGACAAC
ATCTGTGCTTTTGCCAAAAGTGATCAGTCCTATGTGATCAGTTTTGTGGTTCCTAACCAG
AAAAGGTTGACACTTTTGGCACAACAGAAAGGGGTAGAAGGAACTTGGGTTGATATCTGC
AATAATCCTGCTATGGAAGCTGAAATACTGAAAGAAATTCGAGAAGCTGCAAATGCCATG
AAATTGGAGCGATTTGAAATTCCAATCAAGGTTCGATTAAGCCCAGAGCCATGGACCCCT
GAAACTGGTTTGGTAACTGATGCTTTCAAACTGAAAAGGAAGGAGCTGAGGAACCATTAC
CTCAAAGACATTGAACGAATGTATGGGGGCAAATAA

Enzyme 24 GenBank Gene ID

NM_022977.2 Link Image

Enzyme 24 GeneCard ID

ACSL4

Enzyme 24 GenAtlas ID

ACSL4

Enzyme 24 HGNC ID

HGNC:3571

Enzyme 24 Chromosome Location

Not Available

Enzyme 24 Locus

Not Available

Enzyme 24 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 24 General References

Cao Y, Traer E, Zimmerman GA, McIntyre TM, Prescott SM: Cloning, expression, and chromosomal localization of human long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase 4 (FACL4). Genomics. 1998 Apr 15;49(2):327-30. [PubMed ]
Piccini M, Vitelli F, Bruttini M, Pober BR, Jonsson JJ, Villanova M, Zollo M, Borsani G, Ballabio A, Renieri A: FACL4, a new gene encoding long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4, is deleted in a family with Alport syndrome, elliptocytosis, and mental retardation. Genomics. 1998 Feb 1;47(3):350-8. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
Meloni I, Muscettola M, Raynaud M, Longo I, Bruttini M, Moizard MP, Gomot M, Chelly J, des Portes V, Fryns JP, Ropers HH, Magi B, Bellan C, Volpi N, Yntema HG, Lewis SE, Schaffer JE, Renieri A: FACL4, encoding fatty acid-CoA ligase 4, is mutated in nonspecific X-linked mental retardation. Nat Genet. 2002 Apr;30(4):436-40. Epub 2002 Mar 11. [PubMed ]
Sjoblom T, Jones S, Wood LD, Parsons DW, Lin J, Barber TD, Mandelker D, Leary RJ, Ptak J, Silliman N, Szabo S, Buckhaults P, Farrell C, Meeh P, Markowitz SD, Willis J, Dawson D, Willson JK, Gazdar AF, Hartigan J, Wu L, Liu C, Parmigiani G, Park BH, Bachman KE, Papadopoulos N, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Velculescu VE: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):268-74. Epub 2006 Sep 7. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 24 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 25 [top]

Enzyme 25 ID

5846

Enzyme 25 Name

Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic

Enzyme 25 Synonyms

Interferon-induced protein 53
IFP53
Tryptophan--tRNA ligase
TrpRS
hWRS
T1-TrpRS
T2-TrpRS

Enzyme 25 Gene Name

WARS

Enzyme 25 Protein Sequence

>Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic

MPNSEPASLLELFNSIATQGELVRSLKAGNASKDEIDSAVKMLVSLKMSYKAAAGEDYKA
DCPPGNPAPTSNHGPDATEAEEDFVDPWTVQTSSAKGIDYDKLIVRFGSSKIDKELINRI
ERATGQRPHHFLRRGIFFSHRDMNQVLDAYENKKPFYLYTGRGPSSEAMHVGHLIPFIFT
KWLQDVFNVPLVIQMTDDEKYLWKDLTLDQAYSYAVENAKDIIACGFDINKTFIFSDLDY
MGMSSGFYKNVVKIQKHVTFNQVKGIFGFTDSDCIGKISFPAIQAAPSFSNSFPQIFRDR
TDIQCLIPCAIDQDPYFRMTRDVAPRIGYPKPALLHSTFFPALQGAQTKMSASDPNSSIF
LTDTAKQIKTKVNKHAFSGGRDTIEEHRQFGGNCDVDVSFMYLTFFLEDDDKLEQIRKDY
TSGAMLTGELKKALIEVLQPLIAEHQARRKEVTDEIVKEFMTPRKLSFDFQ

Enzyme 25 Number of Residues

471

Enzyme 25 Molecular Weight

53164.9

Enzyme 25 Theoretical pI

6.15

Enzyme 25 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity binding catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds nucleoside binding nucleotide binding purine nucleoside binding tryptophan-tRNA ligase activity
Process
RNA metabolic process biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process ncRNA metabolic process tRNA aminoacylation tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation tRNA metabolic process translation tryptophanyl-tRNA aminoacylation
Component
cell part cytoplasm intracellular part

Enzyme 25 General Function

Involved in nucleotide binding

Enzyme 25 Specific Function

Isoform 1, isoform 2 and T1-TrpRS have aminoacylation activity while T2-TrpRS lacks it. Isoform 2, T1-TrpRS and T2-TrpRS possess angiostatic activity whereas isoform 1 lacks it. T2-TrpRS inhibits fluid shear stress-activated responses of endothelial cells. Regulates ERK, Akt, and eNOS activation pathways that are associated with angiogenesis, cytoskeletal reorganization and shear stress-responsive gene expression

Enzyme 25 Pathways

Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (map00970 )
Tryptophan Metabolism (map00380 )

Enzyme 25 Reactions

ATP + L-tryptophan + tRNATrp = AMP + diphosphate + L-tryptophyl-tRNATrp [RN:R03664]

Enzyme 25 Pfam Domain Function

tRNA-synt_1b (PF00579 )
WHEP-TRS (PF00458 )

Enzyme 25 Signals

None

Enzyme 25 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 25 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 25 GenBank ID Protein

184657

Enzyme 25 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P23381

Enzyme 25 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

SYWC_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 25 PDB ID

1R6T

Enzyme 25 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 25 3D Structure

Enzyme 25 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 25 Gene Sequence

>1416 bp

ATGCCCAACAGTGAGCCCGCATCTCTGCTGGAGCTGTTCAACAGCATCGCCACACAAGGG
GAGCTCGTAAGGTCCCTCAAAGCGGGAAATGCGTCAAAGGATGAAATTGATTCTGCAGTA
AAGATGTTGGTGTCATTAAAAATGAGCTACAAAGCTGCCGCGGGGGAGGATTACAAGGCT
GACTGTCCTCCAGGGAACCCAGCACCTACCAGTAATCATGGCCCAGATGCCACAGAAGCT
GAAGAGGATTTTGTGGACCCATGGACAGTACAGACAAGCAGTGCAAAAGGCATAGACTAC
GATAAGCTCATTGTTCGGTTTGGAAGTAGTAAAATTGACAAAGAGCTAATAAACCGAATA
GAGAGAGCCACCGGCCAAAGACCACACCACTTCCTGCGCAGAGGCATCTTCTTCTCACAC
AGAGATATGAATCAGGTTCTTGATGCCTATGAAAATAAGAAGCCATTTTATCTGTACACG
GGCCGGGGCCCCTCTTCTGAAGCAATGCATGTAGGTCACCTCATTCCATTTATTTTCACA
AAGTGGCTCCAGGATGTATTTAACGTGCCCTTGGTGATCCAGATGACGGATGACGAGAAG
TATCTGTGGAAGGACCTGACCCTGGACCAGGCCTATAGCTATGCTGTGGAGAATGCCAAG
GACATCATCGCCTGTGGCTTTGACATCAACAAGACTTTCATATTCTCTGACCTGGACTAC
ATGGGGATGAGCTCAGGTTTCTACAAAAATGTGGTGAAGATTCAAAAGCATGTTACCTTC
AACCAAGTGAAAGGCATTTTCGGCTTCACTGACAGCGACTGCATTGGGAAGATCAGTTTT
CCTGCCATCCAGGCTGCTCCCTCCTTCAGCAACTCATTCCCACAGATCTTCCGAGACAGG
ACGGATATCCAGTGCCTTATCCCATGTGCCATTGACCAGGATCCTTACTTTAGAATGACA
AGGGACGTCGCCCCCAGGATCGGCTATCCTAAACCAGCCCTGTTGCACTCCACCTTCTTC
CCAGCCCTGCAGGGCGCCCAGACCAAAATGAGTGCCAGCGACCCCAACTCCTCCATCTTC
CTCACCGACACGGCCAAGCAGATCAAAACCAAGGTCAATAAGCATGCGTTTTCTGGAGGG
AGAGACACCATCGAGGAGCACAGGCAGTTTGGGGGCAACTGTGATGTGGACGTGTCTTTC
ATGTACCTGACCTTCTTCCTCGAGGACGACGACAAGCTCGAGCAGATCAGGAAGGATTAC
ACCAGCGGAGCCATGCTCACCGGTGAGCTCAAGAAGGCACTCATAGAGGTTCTGCAGCCC
TTGATCGCAGAGCACCAGGCCCGGCGCAAGGAGGTCACGGATGAGATAGTGAAAGAGTTC
ATGACTCCCCGGAAGCTGTCCTTCGACTTTCAGTAG

Enzyme 25 GenBank Gene ID

M77804

Enzyme 25 GeneCard ID

WARS

Enzyme 25 GenAtlas ID

WARS

Enzyme 25 HGNC ID

HGNC:12729 Link Image

Enzyme 25 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 25 Locus

14q32.31

Enzyme 25 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 25 General References

Rubin BY, Anderson SL, Xing L, Powell RJ, Tate WP: Interferon induces tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase expression in human fibroblasts. J Biol Chem. 1991 Dec 25;266(36):24245-8. [PubMed ]
Fleckner J, Rasmussen HH, Justesen J: Human interferon gamma potently induces the synthesis of a 55-kDa protein (gamma 2) highly homologous to rabbit peptide chain release factor and bovine tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Dec 15;88(24):11520-4. [PubMed ]
Frolova LYu, Sudomoina MA, Grigorieva AYu, Zinovieva OL, Kisselev LL: Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the structural gene encoding for human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. Gene. 1991 Dec 30;109(2):291-6. [PubMed ]
Buwitt U, Flohr T, Bottger EC: Molecular cloning and characterization of an interferon induced human cDNA with sequence homology to a mammalian peptide chain release factor. EMBO J. 1992 Feb;11(2):489-96. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Heilig R, Eckenberg R, Petit JL, Fonknechten N, Da Silva C, Cattolico L, Levy M, Barbe V, de Berardinis V, Ureta-Vidal A, Pelletier E, Vico V, Anthouard V, Rowen L, Madan A, Qin S, Sun H, Du H, Pepin K, Artiguenave F, Robert C, Cruaud C, Bruls T, Jaillon O, Friedlander L, Samson G, Brottier P, Cure S, Segurens B, Aniere F, Samain S, Crespeau H, Abbasi N, Aiach N, Boscus D, Dickhoff R, Dors M, Dubois I, Friedman C, Gouyvenoux M, James R, Madan A, Mairey-Estrada B, Mangenot S, Martins N, Menard M, Oztas S, Ratcliffe A, Shaffer T, Trask B, Vacherie B, Bellemere C, Belser C, Besnard-Gonnet M, Bartol-Mavel D, Boutard M, Briez-Silla S, Combette S, Dufosse-Laurent V, Ferron C, Lechaplais C, Louesse C, Muselet D, Magdelenat G, Pateau E, Petit E, Sirvain-Trukniewicz P, Trybou A, Vega-Czarny N, Bataille E, Bluet E, Bordelais I, Dubois M, Dumont C, Guerin T, Haffray S, Hammadi R, Muanga J, Pellouin V, Robert D, Wunderle E, Gauguet G, Roy A, Sainte-Marthe L, Verdier J, Verdier-Discala C, Hillier L, Fulton L, McPherson J, Matsuda F, Wilson R, Scarpelli C, Gyapay G, Wincker P, Saurin W, Quetier F, Waterston R, Hood L, Weissenbach J: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 14. Nature. 2003 Feb 6;421(6923):601-7. Epub 2003 Jan 1. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Sokolova IV, Narovlianskii AN, Amchenkova AM, Turpaev KT: [Alternative splicing of 5'-terminal exons of the human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase gene] Mol Biol (Mosk). 1996 Mar-Apr;30(2):319-29. [PubMed ]
Frolova LY, Grigorieva AY, Sudomoina MA, Kisselev LL: The human gene encoding tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase: interferon-response elements and exon-intron organization. Gene. 1993 Jun 30;128(2):237-45. [PubMed ]
Reano A, Richard MH, Denoroy L, Viac J, Benedetto JP, Schmitt D: Gamma interferon potently induces tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase expression in human keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol. 1993 Jun;100(6):775-9. [PubMed ]
Wakasugi K, Slike BM, Hood J, Otani A, Ewalt KL, Friedlander M, Cheresh DA, Schimmel P: A human aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase as a regulator of angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jan 8;99(1):173-7. Epub 2002 Jan 2. [PubMed ]
Rasmussen HH, van Damme J, Puype M, Gesser B, Celis JE, Vandekerckhove J: Microsequences of 145 proteins recorded in the two-dimensional gel protein database of normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Electrophoresis. 1992 Dec;13(12):960-9. [PubMed ]
Bange FC, Flohr T, Buwitt U, Bottger EC: An interferon-induced protein with release factor activity is a tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. FEBS Lett. 1992 Mar 30;300(2):162-6. [PubMed ]
Tolstrup AB, Bejder A, Fleckner J, Justesen J: Transcriptional regulation of the interferon-gamma-inducible tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase includes alternative splicing. J Biol Chem. 1995 Jan 6;270(1):397-403. [PubMed ]
Otani A, Slike BM, Dorrell MI, Hood J, Kinder K, Ewalt KL, Cheresh D, Schimmel P, Friedlander M: A fragment of human TrpRS as a potent antagonist of ocular angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jan 8;99(1):178-83. Epub 2002 Jan 2. [PubMed ]
Tzima E, Reader JS, Irani-Tehrani M, Ewalt KL, Schwartz MA, Schimmel P: Biologically active fragment of a human tRNA synthetase inhibits fluid shear stress-activated responses of endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Dec 9;100(25):14903-7. Epub 2003 Nov 20. [PubMed ]
Wakasugi K, Nakano T, Morishima I: Oxidative stress-responsive intracellular regulation specific for the angiostatic form of human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. Biochemistry. 2005 Jan 11;44(1):225-32. [PubMed ]
Kim JE, Tannenbaum SR, White FM: Global phosphoproteome of HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. J Proteome Res. 2005 Jul-Aug;4(4):1339-46. [PubMed ]
Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]
Yang XL, Otero FJ, Skene RJ, McRee DE, Schimmel P, Ribas de Pouplana L: Crystal structures that suggest late development of genetic code components for differentiating aromatic side chains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Dec 23;100(26):15376-80. Epub 2003 Dec 11. [PubMed ]
Yu Y, Liu Y, Shen N, Xu X, Xu F, Jia J, Jin Y, Arnold E, Ding J: Crystal structure of human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase catalytic fragment: insights into substrate recognition, tRNA binding, and angiogenesis activity. J Biol Chem. 2004 Feb 27;279(9):8378-88. Epub 2003 Dec 5. [PubMed ]
Sjoblom T, Jones S, Wood LD, Parsons DW, Lin J, Barber TD, Mandelker D, Leary RJ, Ptak J, Silliman N, Szabo S, Buckhaults P, Farrell C, Meeh P, Markowitz SD, Willis J, Dawson D, Willson JK, Gazdar AF, Hartigan J, Wu L, Liu C, Parmigiani G, Park BH, Bachman KE, Papadopoulos N, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Velculescu VE: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):268-74. Epub 2006 Sep 7. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 25 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 26 [top]

Enzyme 26 ID

5849

Enzyme 26 Name

Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1

Enzyme 26 Synonyms

Acyl-CoA synthetase 1
ACS1
Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1
LACS 1
Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 2
LACS 2
Long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase 2
Palmitoyl-CoA ligase 1
Palmitoyl-CoA ligase 2

Enzyme 26 Gene Name

ACSL1

Enzyme 26 Protein Sequence

>Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1

MQAHELFRYFRMPELVDFRQYVRTLPTNTLMGFGAFAALTTFWYATRPKPLKPPCDLSMQ
SVEVAGSGGARRSALLDSDEPLVYFYDDVTTLYEGFQRGIQVSNNGPCLGSRKPDQPYEW
LSYKQVAELSECIGSALIQKGFKTAPDQFIGIFAQNRPEWVIIEQGCFAYSMVIVPLYDT
LGNEAITYIVNKAELSLVFVDKPEKAKLLLEGVENKLIPGLKIIVVMDAYGSELVERGQR
CGVEVTSMKAMEDLGRANRRKPKPPAPEDLAVICFTSGTTGNPKGAMVTHRNIVSDCSAF
VKATENTVNPCPDDTLISFLPLAHMFERVVECVMLCHGAKIGFFQGDIRLLMDDLKVLQP
TVFPVVPRLLNRMFDRIFGQANTTLKRWLLDFASKRKEAELRSGIIRNNSLWDRLIFHKV
QSSLGGRVRLMVTGAAPVSATVLTFLRAALGCQFYEGYGQTECTAGCCLTMPGDWTAGHV
GAPMPCNLIKLVDVEEMNYMAAEGEGEVCVKGPNVFQGYLKDPAKTAEALDKDGWLHTGD
IGKWLPNGTLKIIDRKKHIFKLAQGEYIAPEKIENIYMRSEPVAQVFVHGESLQAFLIAI
VVPDVETLCSWAQKRGFEGSFEELCRNKDVKKAILEDMVRLGKDSGLKPFEQVKGITLHP
ELFSIDNGLLTPTMKAKRPELRNYFRSQIDDLYSTIKV

Enzyme 26 Number of Residues

698

Enzyme 26 Molecular Weight

77942.7

Enzyme 26 Theoretical pI

7.16

Enzyme 26 GO Classification

Function
catalytic activity
Process
metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 26 General Function

Involved in catalytic activity

Enzyme 26 Specific Function

Activation of long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation. Preferentially uses palmitoleate, oleate and linoleate

Enzyme 26 Pathways

Fatty Acid Metabolism (map00071 )

Enzyme 26 Reactions

ATP + a long-chain carboxylic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA [RN:R00390]

Enzyme 26 Pfam Domain Function

AMP-binding (PF00501 )

Enzyme 26 Signals

None

Enzyme 26 Transmembrane Regions

25-45

Enzyme 26 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 26 GenBank ID Protein

Not Available

Enzyme 26 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P33121

Enzyme 26 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

ACSL1_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 26 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 26 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 26 Gene Sequence

>2097 bp

ATGCAAGCCCATGAGCTGTTCCGGTATTTTCGAATGCCAGAGCTGGTTGACTTCCGACAG
TACGTGCGTACTCTTCCGACCAACACGCTTATGGGCTTCGGAGCTTTTGCAGCACTCACC
ACCTTCTGGTACGCCACGAGACCCAAACCCCTGAAGCCGCCATGCGACCTCTCCATGCAG
TCAGTGGAAGTGGCGGGTAGTGGTGGTGCACGAAGATCCGCACTACTTGACAGCGACGAG
CCCTTGGTGTATTTCTATGATGATGTCACAACATTATACGAAGGTTTCCAGAGGGGAATA
CAGGTGTCAAATAATGGCCCTTGTTTAGGCTCTCGGAAACCAGACCAACCCTATGAATGG
CTTTCATATAAACAGGTTGCAGAATTGTCGGAGTGCATAGGCTCAGCACTGATCCAGAAG
GGCTTCAAGACTGCCCCAGATCAGTTCATTGGCATCTTTGCTCAAAATAGACCTGAGTGG
GTGATTATTGAACAAGGATGCTTTGCTTATTCGATGGTGATCGTTCCACTTTATGATACC
CTTGGAAATGAAGCCATCACGTACATAGTCAACAAAGCTGAACTCTCTCTGGTTTTTGTT
GACAAGCCAGAGAAGGCCAAACTCTTATTAGAGGGTGTAGAAAATAAGTTAATACCAGGC
CTTAAAATCATAGTTGTCATGGATGCCTACGGCAGTGAACTGGTGGAACGAGGCCAGAGG
TGTGGGGTGGAAGTCACCAGCATGAAGGCGATGGAGGACCTGGGAAGAGCCAACAGACGG
AAGCCCAAGCCTCCAGCACCTGAAGATCTTGCAGTAATTTGTTTCACAAGTGGAACTACA
GGCAACCCCAAAGGAGCAATGGTCACTCACCGAAACATAGTGAGCGATTGTTCAGCTTTT
GTGAAAGCAACAGAGAATACAGTCAATCCTTGCCCAGATGATACTTTGATATCTTTCTTG
CCTCTCGCCCATATGTTTGAGAGAGTTGTAGAGTGTGTAATGCTGTGTCATGGAGCTAAA
ATCGGATTTTTCCAAGGAGATATCAGGCTGCTCATGGATGACCTCAAGGTGCTTCAACCC
ACTGTCTTCCCCGTGGTTCCAAGACTGCTGAACCGGATGTTTGACCGAATTTTCGGACAA
GCAAACACCACGCTGAAGCGATGGCTCTTGGACTTTGCCTCCAAGAGGAAAGAAGCAGAG
CTTCGCAGCGGCATCATCAGAAACAACAGCCTGTGGGACCGGCTGATCTTCCACAAAGTA
CAGTCGAGCCTGGGCGGAAGAGTCCGGCTGATGGTGACAGGAGCCGCCCCGGTGTCTGCC
ACTGTGCTGACGTTCCTCAGAGCAGCCCTGGGCTGTCAGTTTTATGAAGGATACGGACAG
ACAGAGTGCACTGCCGGGTGCTGCCTAACCATGCCTGGAGACTGGACCGCAGGCCATGTT
GGGGCCCCGATGCCGTGCAATTTGATAAAACTTGTTGATGTGGAAGAAATGAATTACATG
GCTGCCGAGGGCGAGGGCGAGGTGTGTGTGAAAGGGCCAAATGTATTTCAGGGCTACTTG
AAGGACCCAGCGAAAACAGCAGAAGCTTTGGACAAAGACGGCTGGTTACACACAGGGGAC
ATTGGAAAATGGTTACCAAATGGCACCTTGAAAATTATCGACCGGAAAAAGCACATATTT
AAGCTGGCACAAGGAGAATACATAGCCCCTGAAAAGATTGAAAATATCTACATGCGAAGT
GAGCCTGTTGCTCAGGTGTTTGTCCACGGAGAAAGCCTGCAGGCATTTCTCATTGCAATT
GTGGTACCAGATGTTGAGACATTATGTTCCTGGGCCCAAAAGAGAGGATTTGAAGGGTCG
TTTGAGGAACTGTGCAGAAATAAGGATGTCAAAAAAGCTATCCTCGAAGATATGGTGAGA
CTTGGGAAGGATTCTGGTCTGAAACCATTTGAACAGGTCAAAGGCATCACATTGCACCCT
GAATTATTTTCTATCGACAATGGCCTTCTGACTCCAACAATGAAGGCGAAAAGGCCAGAG
CTGCGGAACTATTTCAGGTCGCAGATAGATGACCTCTATTCCACTATCAAGGTTTAG

Enzyme 26 GenBank Gene ID

D10040

Enzyme 26 GeneCard ID

ACSL1

Enzyme 26 GenAtlas ID

ACSL1

Enzyme 26 HGNC ID

HGNC:3569

Enzyme 26 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 26 Locus

4q35

Enzyme 26 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 26 General References

Abe T, Fujino T, Fukuyama R, Minoshima S, Shimizu N, Toh H, Suzuki H, Yamamoto T: Human long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase: structure and chromosomal location. J Biochem (Tokyo). 1992 Jan;111(1):123-8. [PubMed ]
Ghosh B, Barbosa E, Singh I: Molecular cloning and sequencing of human palmitoyl-CoA ligase and its tissue specific expression. Mol Cell Biochem. 1995 Oct 4;151(1):77-81. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Malhotra KT, Malhotra K, Lubin BH, Kuypers FA: Identification and molecular characterization of acyl-CoA synthetase in human erythrocytes and erythroid precursors. Biochem J. 1999 Nov 15;344 Pt 1:135-43. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 26 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 27 [top]

Enzyme 27 ID

5851

Enzyme 27 Name

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G1

Enzyme 27 Synonyms

E217K
UBC7
Ubiquitin carrier protein G1
Ubiquitin-protein ligase G1

Enzyme 27 Gene Name

UBE2G1

Enzyme 27 Protein Sequence

>Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G1

MTELQSALLLRRQLAELNKNPVEGFSAGLIDDNDLYRWEVLIIGPPDTLYEGGVFKAHLT
FPKDYPLRPPKMKFITEIWHPNVDKNGDVCISILHEPGEDKYGYEKPEERWLPIHTVETI
MISVISMLADPNGDSPANVDAAKEWREDRNGEFKRKVARCVRKSQETAFE

Enzyme 27 Number of Residues

170

Enzyme 27 Molecular Weight

19509.0

Enzyme 27 Theoretical pI

4.95

Enzyme 27 GO Classification

Function
acid-amino acid ligase activity catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds small conjugating protein ligase activity
Process
biological regulation macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule modification metabolic process post-translational protein modification protein modification process regulation of biological process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of metabolic process regulation of protein metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 27 General Function

Involved in acid-amino acid ligase activity

Enzyme 27 Specific Function

Accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. In vitro catalyzes 'Lys- 48'-, as well as 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination. May be involved in degradation of muscle-specific proteins. Mediates polyubiquitination of CYP3A4

Enzyme 27 Pathways

Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis (map04120 )

Enzyme 27 Reactions

ATP + ubiquitin + protein lysine = AMP + diphosphate + protein N-ubiquityllysine [RN:R03876]

Enzyme 27 Pfam Domain Function

UQ_con (PF00179 )

Enzyme 27 Signals

None

Enzyme 27 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 27 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 27 GenBank ID Protein

Not Available

Enzyme 27 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P62253

Enzyme 27 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

UB2G1_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 27 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 27 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 27 Gene Sequence

>513 bp

ATGACGGAGCTGCAGTCGGCACTGCTACTGCGAAGACAGCTGGCAGAACTCAACAAAAAT
CCAGTGGAAGGCTTTTCTGCAGGTTTAATAGATGACAATGATCTCTACCGATGGGAAGTC
CTTATTATTGGCCCTCCAGATACACTTTATGAAGGTGGTGTTTTTAAGGCTCATCTTACT
TTCCCAAAAGATTATCCCCTCCGACCTCCTAAAATGAAATTCATTACAGAAATCTGGCAC
CCAAATGTTGATAAAAATGGTGATGTGTGCATTTCTATTCTTCATGAGCCTGGGGAAGAT
AAGTATGGTTATGAAAAGCCAGAGGAACGCTGGCTCCCTATCCACACTGTGGAAACCATC
ATGATTAGTGTCATTTCTATGCTGGCAGACCCTAATGGAGACTCACCTGCTAATGTTGAT
GCTGCGAAAGAATGGAGGGAAGATAGAAATGGAGAATTTAAAAGAAAAGTTGCCCGCTGT
GTAAGAAAAAGCCAAGAGACTGCTTTTGAGTGA

Enzyme 27 GenBank Gene ID

D78514

Enzyme 27 GeneCard ID

UBE2G1

Enzyme 27 GenAtlas ID

UBE2G1

Enzyme 27 HGNC ID

HGNC:12482 Link Image

Enzyme 27 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 27 Locus

1q42|17p13.2

Enzyme 27 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 27 General References

Watanabe TK, Kawai A, Fujiwara T, Maekawa H, Hirai Y, Nakamura Y, Takahashi E: Molecular cloning of UBE2G, encoding a human skeletal muscle-specific ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme homologous to UBC7 of C. elegans. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1996;74(1-2):146-8. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, Van Damme J, Staes A, Thomas GR, Vandekerckhove J: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. Nat Biotechnol. 2003 May;21(5):566-9. Epub 2003 Mar 31. [PubMed ]
Pabarcus MK, Hoe N, Sadeghi S, Patterson C, Wiertz E, Correia MA: CYP3A4 ubiquitination by gp78 (the tumor autocrine motility factor receptor, AMFR) and CHIP E3 ligases. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2009 Mar 1;483(1):66-74. Epub 2008 Dec 10. [PubMed ]
David Y, Ziv T, Admon A, Navon A: The E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes direct polyubiquitination to preferred lysines. J Biol Chem. 2010 Mar 19;285(12):8595-604. Epub 2010 Jan 8. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 27 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 28 [top]

Enzyme 28 ID

5852

Enzyme 28 Name

Glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase

Enzyme 28 Synonyms

Glutamine--tRNA ligase
GlnRS

Enzyme 28 Gene Name

QARS

Enzyme 28 Protein Sequence

>Glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase

MAALDSLSLFTSLGLSEQKARETLKNSALSAQLREAATQAQQTLGSTIDKATGILLYGLA
SRLRDTRRLSFLVSYIASKKIHTEPQLSAALEYVRSHPLDPIDTVDFERECGVGVIVTPE
QIEEAVEAAINRHRPQLLVERYHFNMGLLMGEARAVLKWADGKMIKNEVDMQVLHLLGPK
LEADLEKKFKVAKARLEETDRRTAKDVVENGETADQTLSLMEQLRGEALKFHKPGENYKT
PGYVVTPHTMNLLKQHLEITGGQVRTRFPPEPNGILHIGHAKAINFNFGYAKANNGICFL
RFDDTNPEKEEAKFFTAICDMVAWLGYTPYKVTYASDYFDQLYAWAVELIRRGLAYVCHQ
RGEELKGHNTLPSPWRDRPMEESLLLFEAMRKGKFSEGEATLRMKLVMEDGKMDPVAYRV
KYTPHHRTGDKWCIYPTYDYTHCLCDSIEHITHSLCTKEFQARRSSYFWLCNALDVYCPV
QWEYGRLNLHYAVVSKRKILQLVATGAVRDWDDPRLFTLTALRRRGFPPEAINNFCARVG
VTVAQTTMEPHLLEACVRDVLNDTAPRAMAVLESLRVIITNFPAAKSLDIQVPNFPADET
KGFHQVPFAPIVFIERTDFKEEPEPGFKRLAWGQPVGLRHTGYVIELQHVVKGPSGCVES
LEVTCRRADAGEKPKAFIHWVSQPLMCEVRLYERLFQHKNPEDPTEVPGGFLSDLNLASL
HVVDAALVDCSVALAKPFDKFQFERLGYFSVDPDSHQGKLVFNRTVTLKEDPGKV

Enzyme 28 Number of Residues

775

Enzyme 28 Molecular Weight

87798.0

Enzyme 28 Theoretical pI

7.16

Enzyme 28 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity binding catalytic activity glutamine-tRNA ligase activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds nucleoside binding nucleotide binding purine nucleoside binding
Process
RNA metabolic process biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule metabolic process glutaminyl-tRNA aminoacylation macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process ncRNA metabolic process tRNA aminoacylation tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation tRNA metabolic process translation
Component
cell part cytoplasm intracellular part

Enzyme 28 General Function

Involved in nucleotide binding

Enzyme 28 Specific Function

ATP + L-glutamine + tRNA(Gln) = AMP + diphosphate + L-glutaminyl-tRNA(Gln)

Enzyme 28 Pathways

Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (map00970 )
Glutamate Metabolism (map00251 )

Enzyme 28 Reactions

ATP + L-glutamine + tRNAGln = AMP + diphosphate + L-glutaminyl-tRNAGln [RN:R03652]

Enzyme 28 Pfam Domain Function

tRNA-synt_1c (PF00749 )
tRNA-synt_1c_C (PF03950 )
tRNA_synt_1c_R1 (PF04558 )
tRNA_synt_1c_R2 (PF04557 )

Enzyme 28 Signals

None

Enzyme 28 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 28 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 28 GenBank ID Protein

558586

Enzyme 28 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P47897

Enzyme 28 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

SYQ_HUMAN

Enzyme 28 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 28 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 28 Gene Sequence

>2328 bp

ATGGCGGCTCTAGACTCCCTGTCGCTCTTCACTAGCCTCGGCCTGAGCGAGCAGAAGGCC
CGCGAGACGCTCAAGAACTCGGCTCTGAGCGCGCAGCTGCGCGAGGCCGCTACTCAGGCT
CAGCAGACCCTGGGTTCCACCATTGACAAAGCTACCGGGATCCTGTTATATGGCTTGGCC
TCCCGACTCAGGGATACCCGGCGTCTCTCCTTCCTTGTAAGCTACATAGCCAGTAAGAAG
ATCCACACTGAGCCCCAGCTAAGCGCTGCCCTTGAGTATGTGCGGAGTCACCCCTTGGAC
CCCATCGACACTGTGGACTTCGAGCGGGAATGTGGCGTGGGTGTCATTGTGACCCCAGAG
CAGATTGAGGAGGCTGTGGAGGCTGCTATTAACAGGCACCGGCCCCAGCTCCTGGTGGAA
CGTTACCATTTCAACATGGGGCTGCTGATGGGAGAGGCTCGGGCTGTGCTGAAGTGGGCA
GATGGCAAAATGATCAAGAATGAAGTGGACATGCAGGTCCTCCACCTTCTGGGCCCCAAG
TTGGAGGCTGATCTGGAGAAGAAGTTCAAGGTGGCAAAAGCTCGGCTAGAAGAAACAGAC
CGGAGGACGGCAAAGGATGTGGTGGAGAATGGCGAGACTGCTGACCAGACCCTGTCTCTG
ATGGAGCAGCTCCGGGGGGAGGCCCTTAAGTTCCACAAGCCTGGTGAGAACTACAAGACC
CCAGGCTATGTGGTCACTCCACACACCATGAATCTACTAAAGCAGCACCTGGAGATTACT
GGTGGGCAGGTACGTACCCGGTTCCCGCCAGAACCCAATGGAATCCTGCATATTGGACAT
GCCAAAGCCATCAATTTCAACTTTGGCTATGCCAAGGCCAACAATGGCATCTGTTTTCTG
CGTTTTGATGACACCAACCCTGAGAAGGAGGAAGCAAAGTTCTTCACGGCCATCTGTGAC
ATGGTAGCCTGGCTAGGCTACACACCTTACAAAGTCACATATGCGTCTGACTATTTTGAC
CAGCTATATGCGTGGGCTGTGGAGCTCATCCGCAGGGGTCTGGCTTATGTGTGCCACCAG
CGAGGAGAGGAGCTCAAAGGCCATAATACTCTGCCTTCACCCTGGAGAGACCGTCCCATG
GAGGAGTCACTGCTGCTCTTTGAGGCAATGCGCAAGGGCAAGTTTTCAGAGGGCGAGGCC
ACACTACGGATGAAGCTGGTGATGGAGGATGGCAAGATGGACCCTGTAGCCTATCGAGTC
AAGTATACACCACACCACCGCACAGGGGACAAATGGTGCATCTATCCCACCTACGACTAC
ACACACTGCCTCTGTGACTCCATCGAGCACATCACTCACTCACTCTGCACCAAGGAATTC
CAGGCCCGACGCTCTTCCTACTTCTGGCTTTGCAATGCACTGGACGTCTATTGCCCTGTG
CAGTGGGAGTATGGCCGCCTCAACCTGCACTATGCTGTTGTCTCTAAGAGGAAGATCCTC
CAGCTTGTAGCAACTGGTGCTGTGCGGGACTGGGATGACCCACGGCTCTTTACACTCACG
GCCCTGCGACGGCGGGGCTTCCCACCTGAGGCCATCAACAACTTCTGTGCCCGGGTGGGA
GTGACTGTGGCACAAACCACAATGGAGCCACATCTTCTAGAAGCCTGTGTGCGTGATGTG
CTGAATGACACAGCCCCACGAGCCATGGCTGTGCTGGAGTCACTACGGGTCATCATCACC
AACTTTCCTGCTGCCAAGTCCTTGGACATCCAGGTGCCCAACTTCCCAGCTGATGAGACC
AAAGGCTTCCATCAGGTTCCCTTTGCACCCATTGTCTTCATTGAGAGGACTGACTTCAAG
GAGGAGCCAGAGCCAGGATTTAAGCGCCTGGCTTGGGGCCAGCCTGTGGGCCTGAGGCAT
ACAGGCTACGTCATTGAGCTGCAGCATGTTGTCAAGGGCCCCAGTGGTTGTGTAGAGAGT
CTGGAGGTGACCTGCAGACGGGCAGATGCTGGAGAGAAGCCAAAGGCCTTTATTCACTGG
GTGTCACAGCCTTTGATGTGTGAGGTTCGCCTCTATGAGCGACTATTCCAGCACAAGAAC
CCTGAAGATCCTACTGAGGTGCCTGGTGGATTTTTAAGTGACCTGAACCTGGCATCACTA
CACGTGGTGGATGCAGCATTAGTGGACTGCTCTGTGGCCCTGGCAAAACCCTTCGACAAG
TTCCAGTTTGAGCGTCTTGGATATTTCTCCGTGGATCCAGACAGCCATCAGGGAAAGCTT
GTCTTTAACCGAACTGTCACACTGAAGGAAGACCCAGGAAAGGTGTGA

Enzyme 28 GenBank Gene ID

X76013

Enzyme 28 GeneCard ID

QARS

Enzyme 28 GenAtlas ID

QARS

Enzyme 28 HGNC ID

HGNC:9751

Enzyme 28 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 28 Locus

3p21.31

Enzyme 28 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 28 General References

Lamour V, Quevillon S, Diriong S, N'Guyen VC, Lipinski M, Mirande M: Evolution of the Glx-tRNA synthetase family: the glutaminyl enzyme as a case of horizontal gene transfer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Aug 30;91(18):8670-4. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Rush J, Moritz A, Lee KA, Guo A, Goss VL, Spek EJ, Zhang H, Zha XM, Polakiewicz RD, Comb MJ: Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2005 Jan;23(1):94-101. Epub 2004 Dec 12. [PubMed ]
Rikova K, Guo A, Zeng Q, Possemato A, Yu J, Haack H, Nardone J, Lee K, Reeves C, Li Y, Hu Y, Tan Z, Stokes M, Sullivan L, Mitchell J, Wetzel R, Macneill J, Ren JM, Yuan J, Bakalarski CE, Villen J, Kornhauser JM, Smith B, Li D, Zhou X, Gygi SP, Gu TL, Polakiewicz RD, Rush J, Comb MJ: Global survey of phosphotyrosine signaling identifies oncogenic kinases in lung cancer. Cell. 2007 Dec 14;131(6):1190-203. [PubMed ]
Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]
Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 28 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 29 [top]

Enzyme 29 ID

5853

Enzyme 29 Name

Threonyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic

Enzyme 29 Synonyms

Threonine--tRNA ligase
ThrRS

Enzyme 29 Gene Name

TARS

Enzyme 29 Protein Sequence

>Threonyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic

MFEEKASSPSGKMGGEEKPIGAGEEKQKEGGKKKNKEGSGDGGRAELNPWPEYIYTRLEM
YNILKAEHDSILAEKAEKDSKPIKVTLPDGKQVDAESWKTTPYQIACGISQGLADNTVIA
KVNNVVWDLDRPLEEDCTLELLKFEDEEAQAVYWHSSAHIMGEAMERVYGGCLCYGPPIE
NGFYYDMYLEEGGVSSNDFSSLEALCKKIIKEKQAFERLEVKKETLLAMFKYNKFKCRIL
NEKVNTPTTTVYRCGPLIDLCRGPHVRHTGKIKALKIHKNSSTYWEGKADMETLQRIYGI
SFPDPKMLKEWEKFQEEAKNRDHRKIGRDQELYFFHELSPGSCFFLPKGAYIYNALIEFI
RSEYRKRGFQEVVTPNIFNSRLWMTSGHWQHYSENMFSFEVEKELFALKPMNCPGHCLMF
DHRPRSWRELPLRLADFGVLHRNELSGALTGLTRVRRFQQDDAHIFCAMEQIEDEIKGCL
DFLRTVYSVFGFSFKLNLSTRPEKFLGDIEVWDQAEKQLENSLNEFGEKWELNSGDGAFY
GPKIDIQIKDAIGRYHQCATIQLDFQLPIRFNLTYVSHDGDDKKRPVIVHRAILGSVERM
IAILTENYGGKWPFWLSPRQVMVVPVGPTCDEYAQKVRQQFHDAKFMADIDLDPGCTLNK
KIRNAQLAQYNFILVVGEKEKISGTVNIRTRDNKVHGERTISETIERLQQLKEFRSKQAE
EEF

Enzyme 29 Number of Residues

723

Enzyme 29 Molecular Weight

83434.5

Enzyme 29 Theoretical pI

6.64

Enzyme 29 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity binding catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds nucleoside binding nucleotide binding purine nucleoside binding threonine-tRNA ligase activity
Process
RNA metabolic process biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process ncRNA metabolic process tRNA aminoacylation tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation tRNA metabolic process threonyl-tRNA aminoacylation translation
Component
cell part cytoplasm intracellular part

Enzyme 29 General Function

Involved in nucleotide binding

Enzyme 29 Specific Function

ATP + L-threonine + tRNA(Thr) = AMP + diphosphate + L-threonyl-tRNA(Thr)

Enzyme 29 Pathways

Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (map00970 )
Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism (map00260 )

Enzyme 29 Reactions

ATP + L-threonine + tRNAThr = AMP + diphosphate + L-threonyl-tRNAThr [RN:R03663]

Enzyme 29 Pfam Domain Function

HGTP_anticodon (PF03129 )
TGS (PF02824 )
tRNA-synt_2b (PF00587 )
tRNA_SAD (PF07973 )

Enzyme 29 Signals

None

Enzyme 29 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 29 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 29 GenBank ID Protein

158258124

Enzyme 29 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P26639

Enzyme 29 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

SYTC_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 29 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 29 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 29 Gene Sequence

>2172 bp

ATGTTTGAGGAGAAGGCCAGCAGTCCTTCAGGGAAGATGGGAGGCGAGGAGAAGCCGATT
GGTGCTGGTGAAGAGAAGCAAAAGGAAGGAGGCAAAAAGAAGAACAAAGAAGGATCTGGA
GATGGAGGTCGAGCTGAGTTGAATCCTTGGCCTGAATATATTTACACACGTCTTGAGATG
TATAATATACTAAAAGCAGAACATGATTCCATTCTGGCAGAAAAGGCAGAAAAAGATAGC
AAGCCAATTAAAGTCACTTTGCCTGATGGTAAACAGGTTGATGCGGAATCTTGGAAAACT
ACACCATATCAAATTGCCTGTGGAATTAGTCAAGGCCTGGCCGACAACACCGTTATTGCT
AAAGTAAATAATGTTGTGTGGGACCTGGACCGCCCTCTGGAAGAAGATTGTACCTTGGAG
CTTCTCAAGTTTGAGGATGAGGAAGCTCAGGCAGTGTATTGGCACTCTAGTGCTCACATA
ATGGGTGAAGCCATGGAAAGAGTCTATGGTGGATGTTTATGCTACGGTCCGCCAATAGAA
AATGGATTCTATTATGACATGTACCTCGAAGAAGGGGGTGTGTCTAGCAATGATTTCTCT
TCTCTGGAGGCTTTGTGTAAGAAAATCATTAAAGAAAAACAAGCTTTTGAAAGACTGGAA
GTTAAGAAAGAAACTTTACTGGCAATGTTTAAGTACAACAAGTTCAAATGCCGGATATTG
AATGAAAAGGTGAATACTCCAACTACCACAGTCTATAGATGTGGCCCTTTGATAGATCTC
TGCCGGGGTCCTCATGTTAGACACACGGGCAAAATTAAGGCTTTAAAAATACACAAAAAT
TCCTCCACGTACTGGGAAGGCAAAGCAGATATGGAGACTCTCCAGAGAATTTATGGCATT
TCATTCCCAGATCCTAAAATGTTGAAAGAGTGGGAGAAGTTCCAAGAGGAAGCTAAAAAC
CGAGATCATAGGAAAATTGGCAGGGACCAAGAACTATATTTCTTTCATGAACTCAGCCCT
GGAAGTTGCTTTTTTCTGCCAAAAGGAGCCTACATTTATAATGCACTTATTGAATTCATT
AGGAGCGAATATAGGAAAAGAGGATTCCAGGAGGTAGTCACCCCAAACATCTTCAACAGC
CGACTCTGGATGACCTCGGGCCACTGGCAGCACTACAGCGAGAACATGTTCTCCTTTGAG
GTGGAGAAGGAGCTGTTTGCCCTGAAACCCATGAACTGCCCAGGACACTGCCTTATGTTT
GATCATCGGCCAAGGTCCTGGCGAGAACTGCCTCTGCGGCTAGCTGATTTTGGGGTACTT
CATAGGAACGAGCTGTCTGGAGCACTCACAGGACTCACCCGGGTACGAAGATTCCAACAG
GATGATGCTCACATATTCTGTGCCATGGAGCAGATTGAAGATGAAATAAAAGGTTGTTTG
GATTTTCTACGTACGGTATATAGCGTATTTGGATTTTCTTTTAAACTAAACCTTTCTACT
CGCCCGGAAAAATTCCTTGGAGATATCGAAGTATGGGATCAAGCTGAGAAACAACTTGAA
AACAGTCTGAATGAATTTGGTGAAAAGTGGGAGTTAAACTCTGGAGATGGAGCTTTCTAT
GGCCCAAAGATTGACATACAGATTAAAGATGCGATTGGGCGGTACCACCAGTGTGCAACC
ATCCAGCTGGATTTCCAGTTGCCCATCAGATTTAATCTTACTTATGTAAGCCATGATGGT
GATGATAAGAAAAGGCCAGTGATTGTTCATCGAGCCATCTTGGGATCAGTGGAAAGAATG
ATTGCTATCCTCACAGAAAACTATGGGGGCAAATGGCCCTTTTGGCTGTCCCCTCGCCAG
GTAATGGTAGTTCCAGTGGGACCAACCTGTGATGAATATGCCCAAAAGGTACGACAACAA
TTCCACGATGCCAAATTCATGGCAGACATTGATCTGGATCCAGGCTGTACATTGAATAAA
AAGATTCGAAATGCACAGTTAGCACAGTATAACTTCATTTTAGTTGTTGGTGAAAAAGAG
AAAATCAGTGGCACTGTTAATATCCGCACAAGAGACAATAAGGTCCACGGGGAACGCACC
ATTTCTGAAACTATCGAGCGGCTACAGCAGCTCAAAGAGTTCCGCAGCAAACAGGCAGAA
GAAGAATTTTAA

Enzyme 29 GenBank Gene ID

AK292346

Enzyme 29 GeneCard ID

TARS

Enzyme 29 GenAtlas ID

TARS

Enzyme 29 HGNC ID

HGNC:11572 Link Image

Enzyme 29 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 29 Locus

5p13.2

Enzyme 29 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 29 General References

Cruzen ME, Arfin SM: Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of human threonyl-tRNA synthetase reveals extensive homology to the Escherichia coli and yeast enzymes. J Biol Chem. 1991 May 25;266(15):9919-23. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Rikova K, Guo A, Zeng Q, Possemato A, Yu J, Haack H, Nardone J, Lee K, Reeves C, Li Y, Hu Y, Tan Z, Stokes M, Sullivan L, Mitchell J, Wetzel R, Macneill J, Ren JM, Yuan J, Bakalarski CE, Villen J, Kornhauser JM, Smith B, Li D, Zhou X, Gygi SP, Gu TL, Polakiewicz RD, Rush J, Comb MJ: Global survey of phosphotyrosine signaling identifies oncogenic kinases in lung cancer. Cell. 2007 Dec 14;131(6):1190-203. [PubMed ]
Vasilescu J, Zweitzig DR, Denis NJ, Smith JC, Ethier M, Haines DS, Figeys D: The proteomic reactor facilitates the analysis of affinity-purified proteins by mass spectrometry: application for identifying ubiquitinated proteins in human cells. J Proteome Res. 2007 Jan;6(1):298-305. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 29 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 30 [top]

Enzyme 30 ID

5855

Enzyme 30 Name

Asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]

Enzyme 30 Synonyms

Cell cycle control protein TS11
Glutamine-dependent asparagine synthetase

Enzyme 30 Gene Name

ASNS

Enzyme 30 Protein Sequence

>Asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]

MCGIWALFGSDDCLSVQCLSAMKIAHRGPDAFRFENVNGYTNCCFGFHRLAVVDPLFGMQ
PIRVKKYPYLWLCYNGEIYNHKKMQQHFEFEYQTKVDGEIILHLYDKGGIEQTICMLDGV
FAFVLLDTANKKVFLGRDTYGVRPLFKAMTEDGFLAVCSEAKGLVTLKHSATPFLKVEPF
LPGHYEVLDLKPNGKVASVEMVKYHHCRDVPLHALYDNVEKLFPGFEIETVKNNLRILFN
NAVKKRLMTDRRIGCLLSGGLDSSLVAATLLKQLKEAQVQYPLQTFAIGMEDSPDLLAAR
KVADHIGSEHYEVLFNSEEGIQALDEVIFSLETYDITTVRASVGMYLISKYIRKNTDSVV
IFSGEGSDELTQGYIYFHKAPSPEKAEEESERLLRELYLFDVLRADRTTAAHGLELRVPF
LDHRFSSYYLSLPPEMRIPKNGIEKHLLRETFEDSNLIPKEILWRPKEAFSDGITSVKNS
WFKILQEYVEHQVDDAMMANAAQKFPFNTPKTKEGYYYRQVFERHYPGRADWLSHYWMPK
WINATDPSARTLTHYKSAVKA

Enzyme 30 Number of Residues

561

Enzyme 30 Molecular Weight

64369.4

Enzyme 30 Theoretical pI

6.85

Enzyme 30 GO Classification

Function
asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity carbon-nitrogen ligase activity, with glutamine as amido-N-donor catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds
Process
asparagine biosynthetic process asparagine metabolic process aspartate family amino acid metabolic process cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process cellular amino acid metabolic process cellular metabolic process metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 30 General Function

Involved in asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity

Enzyme 30 Specific Function

ATP + L-aspartate + L-glutamine + H(2)O = AMP + diphosphate + L-asparagine + L-glutamate

Enzyme 30 Pathways

Nitrogen Metabolism (map00910 )

Enzyme 30 Reactions

(1) ATP + L-aspartate + L-glutamine + H2O = AMP + diphosphate + L-asparagine + L-glutamate [RN:R00578]
(2) (1a) L-glutamine + H2O = L-glutamate + NH3 [RN:R00256]
(3) (1b) ATP + L-aspartate + NH3 = AMP + diphosphate + L-asparagine [RN:R00483]

Enzyme 30 Pfam Domain Function

Asn_synthase (PF00733 )
GATase_2 (PF00310 )

Enzyme 30 Signals

None

Enzyme 30 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 30 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 30 GenBank ID Protein

179100

Enzyme 30 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P08243

Enzyme 30 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

ASNS_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 30 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 30 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 30 Gene Sequence

>1686 bp

ATGTGTGGCATTTGGGCGCTGTTTGGCAGTGATGATTGCCTTTCTGTTCAGTGTCTGAGT
GCTATGAAGATTGCACACAGAGGTCCAGATGCATTCCGTTTTGAGAATGTCAATGGATAC
ACCAACTGCTGCTTTGGATTTCACCGGTTGGCGGTAGTTGACCCGCTGTTTGGAATGCAG
CCAATTCGAGTGAAGAAATATCCGTATTTGTGGCTCTGTTACAATGGTGAAATCTACAAC
CATAAGAAGATGCAACAGCATTTTGAATTTGAATACCAGACCAAAGTGGATGGTGAGATA
ATCCTTCATCTTTATGACAAAGGAGGAATTGAGCAAACAATTTGTATGTTGGATGGTGTG
TTTGCATTTGTTTTACTGGATACTGCCAATAAGAAAGTGTTCCTGGGTAGAGATACATAT
GGAGTCAGACCTTTGTTTAAAGCAATGACAGAAGATGGATTTTTGGCTGTATGTTCAGAA
GCTAAAGGTCTTGTTACATTGAAGCACTCCGCGACTCCCTTTTTAAAAGTGGAGCCTTTT
CTTCCTGGACACTATGAAGTTTTGGATTTAAAGCCAAATGGCAAAGTTGCATCCGTGGAA
ATGGTTAAATATCATCACTGTCGGGATGTACCCCTGCACGCCCTCTATGACAATGTGGAG
AAACTCTTTCCAGGTTTTGAGATAGAAACTGTGAAGAACAACCTCAGGATCCTTTTTAAT
AATGCTGTAAAGAAACGTTTGATGACAGACAGAAGGATTGGCTGCCTTTTATCAGGGGGC
TTGGACTCCAGCTTGGTTGCTGCCACTCTGTTGAAGCAGCTGAAAGAAGCCCAAGTACAG
TATCCTCTCCAGACATTTGCAATTGGCATGGAAGACAGCCCCGATTTACTGGCTGCTAGA
AAGGTGGCAGATCATATTGGAAGTGAACATTATGAAGTCCTTTTTAACTCTGAGGAAGGC
ATTCAGGCTCTGGATGAAGTCATATTTTCCTTGGAAACTTATGACATTACAACAGTTCGT
GCTTCAGTAGGTATGTATTTAATTTCCAAGTATATTCGGAAGAACACAGATAGCGTGGTG
ATCTTCTCTGGAGAAGGATCAGATGAACTTACGCAGGGTTACATATATTTTCACAAGGCT
CCTTCTCCTGAAAAAGCCGAGGAGGAGAGTGAGAGGCTTCTGAGGGAACTCTATTTGTTT
GATGTTCTCCGCGCAGATCGAACTACTGCTGCCCATGGTCTTGAACTGAGAGTCCCATTT
CTAGATCATCGATTTTTTTCCTATTACTTGTCTCTGCCACCAGAAATGAGAATTCCAAAG
AATGGGATAGAAAAACATCTCCTGAGAGAGACGTTTGAGGATTCCAATCTGATACCCAAA
GAGATTCTCTGGCGACCAAAAGAAGCCTTCAGTGATGGAATAACTTCAGTTAAGAATTCC
TGGTTTAAGATTTTACAGGAATACGTTGAACATCAGGTTGATGATGCAATGATGGCAAAT
GCAGCCCAGAAATTTCCCTTCAATACTCCTAAAACCAAAGAAGGATATTACTACCGTCAA
GTCTTTGAACGCCATTACCCAGGCCGGGCTGACTGGCTGAGCCATTACTGGATGCCCAAG
TGGATCAATGCCACTGACCCTTCTGCCCGCACGCTGACCCACTACAAGTCAGCTGTCAAA
GCTTAG

Enzyme 30 GenBank Gene ID

M27396

Enzyme 30 GeneCard ID

ASNS

Enzyme 30 GenAtlas ID

ASNS

Enzyme 30 HGNC ID

HGNC:753

Enzyme 30 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 30 Locus

7q21.3

Enzyme 30 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 30 General References

Andrulis IL, Chen J, Ray PN: Isolation of human cDNAs for asparagine synthetase and expression in Jensen rat sarcoma cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Jul;7(7):2435-43. [PubMed ]
Zhang YP, Lambert MA, Cairney AE, Wills D, Ray PN, Andrulis IL: Molecular structure of the human asparagine synthetase gene. Genomics. 1989 Apr;4(3):259-65. [PubMed ]
Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR, Osborne LR, Nakabayashi K, Herbrick JA, Carson AR, Parker-Katiraee L, Skaug J, Khaja R, Zhang J, Hudek AK, Li M, Haddad M, Duggan GE, Fernandez BA, Kanematsu E, Gentles S, Christopoulos CC, Choufani S, Kwasnicka D, Zheng XH, Lai Z, Nusskern D, Zhang Q, Gu Z, Lu F, Zeesman S, Nowaczyk MJ, Teshima I, Chitayat D, Shuman C, Weksberg R, Zackai EH, Grebe TA, Cox SR, Kirkpatrick SJ, Rahman N, Friedman JM, Heng HH, Pelicci PG, Lo-Coco F, Belloni E, Shaffer LG, Pober B, Morton CC, Gusella JF, Bruns GA, Korf BR, Quade BJ, Ligon AH, Ferguson H, Higgins AW, Leach NT, Herrick SR, Lemyre E, Farra CG, Kim HG, Summers AM, Gripp KW, Roberts W, Szatmari P, Winsor EJ, Grzeschik KH, Teebi A, Minassian BA, Kere J, Armengol L, Pujana MA, Estivill X, Wilson MD, Koop BF, Tosi S, Moore GE, Boright AP, Zlotorynski E, Kerem B, Kroisel PM, Petek E, Oscier DG, Mould SJ, Dohner H, Dohner K, Rommens JM, Vincent JB, Venter JC, Li PW, Mural RJ, Adams MD, Tsui LC: Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology. Science. 2003 May 2;300(5620):767-72. Epub 2003 Apr 10. [PubMed ]
Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Graves TA, Pepin KH, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Maas J, Jaeger S, Walker R, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, O'Laughlin MD, Schaller ME, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Cordes M, Du H, Sun H, Edwards J, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Andrews S, Isak A, Vanbrunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Lamar B, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Bielicki L, Scott K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Harris A, Strong CM, Hou S, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Leonard S, Rohlfing T, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Abbott A, Minx P, Maupin R, Strowmatt C, Latreille P, Miller N, Johnson D, Murray J, Woessner JP, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Schultz BR, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Nelson JO, Berkowicz N, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Bedell JA, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Chissoe SL, Marra MA, Raymond C, Haugen E, Gillett W, Zhou Y, James R, Phelps K, Iadanoto S, Bubb K, Simms E, Levy R, Clendenning J, Kaul R, Kent WJ, Furey TS, Baertsch RA, Brent MR, Keibler E, Flicek P, Bork P, Suyama M, Bailey JA, Portnoy ME, Torrents D, Chinwalla AT, Gish WR, Eddy SR, McPherson JD, Olson MV, Eichler EE, Green ED, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7. Nature. 2003 Jul 10;424(6945):157-64. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Greco A, Ittmann M, Basilico C: Molecular cloning of a gene that is necessary for G1 progression in mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Mar;84(6):1565-9. [PubMed ]
Greco A, Gong SS, Ittmann M, Basilico C: Organization and expression of the cell cycle gene, ts11, that encodes asparagine synthetase. Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Jun;9(6):2350-9. [PubMed ]
Van Heeke G, Schuster SM: Expression of human asparagine synthetase in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1989 Apr 5;264(10):5503-9. [PubMed ]
Van Heeke G, Schuster SM: The N-terminal cysteine of human asparagine synthetase is essential for glutamine-dependent activity. J Biol Chem. 1989 Nov 25;264(33):19475-7. [PubMed ]
Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 30 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 31 [top]

Enzyme 31 ID

5856

Enzyme 31 Name

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 E2

Enzyme 31 Synonyms

UbcH8
Ubiquitin carrier protein E2
Ubiquitin-protein ligase E2

Enzyme 31 Gene Name

UBE2E2

Enzyme 31 Protein Sequence

>Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 E2

MSTEAQRVDDSPSTSGGSSDGDQRESVQQEPEREQVQPKKKEGKISSKTAAKLSTSAKRI
QKELAEITLDPPPNCSAGPKGDNIYEWRSTILGPPGSVYEGGVFFLDITFSPDYPFKPPK
VTFRTRIYHCNINSQGVICLDILKDNWSPALTISKVLLSICSLLTDCNPADPLVGSIATQ
YMTNRAEHDRMARQWTKRYAT

Enzyme 31 Number of Residues

201

Enzyme 31 Molecular Weight

22254.9

Enzyme 31 Theoretical pI

7.84

Enzyme 31 GO Classification

Function
acid-amino acid ligase activity catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds small conjugating protein ligase activity
Process
biological regulation macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule modification metabolic process post-translational protein modification protein modification process regulation of biological process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of metabolic process regulation of protein metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 31 General Function

Involved in acid-amino acid ligase activity

Enzyme 31 Specific Function

Accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. In vitro catalyzes 'Lys- 11'- and 'Lys-48'-, as well as 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination

Enzyme 31 Pathways

Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis (map04120 )

Enzyme 31 Reactions

ATP + ubiquitin + protein lysine = AMP + diphosphate + protein N-ubiquityllysine [RN:R03876]

Enzyme 31 Pfam Domain Function

UQ_con (PF00179 )

Enzyme 31 Signals

None

Enzyme 31 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 31 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 31 GenBank ID Protein

16553859

Enzyme 31 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q96LR5

Enzyme 31 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

UB2E2_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 31 PDB ID

1Y6L

Enzyme 31 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 31 3D Structure

Enzyme 31 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 31 Gene Sequence

>606 bp

ATGTCCACTGAGGCACAAAGAGTTGATGACAGTCCAAGCACTAGTGGAGGAAGTTCCGAT
GGAGATCAACGTGAAAGTGTTCAGCAAGAACCAGAAAGAGAACAAGTTCAGCCCAAGAAA
AAGGAGGGAAAAATATCCAGCAAAACCGCTGCTAAATTGTCAACTAGTGCTAAAAGAATT
CAGAAGGAACTTGCAGAAATCACATTGGACCCTCCTCCCAACTGTAGTGCTGGACCCAAA
GGAGACAACATTTATGAATGGAGGTCAACTATATTGGGACCCCCAGGATCTGTCTATGAA
GGAGGGGTGTTCTTTCTTGACATTACCTTTTCACCAGACTATCCGTTTAAACCCCCTAAG
GTTACCTTCCGAACAAGAATCTATCACTGTAATATTAACAGCCAAGGTGTGATCTGTCTG
GACATCTTAAAGGACAACTGGAGTCCGGCTTTAACTATTTCTAAAGTTCTCCTCTCCATC
TGCTCACTTCTTACAGATTGCAACCCTGCTGACCCTCTGGTGGGCAGCATCGCCACACAG
TACATGACCAACAGAGCAGAGCATGACCGGATGGCCAGACAGTGGACCAAGCGGTACGCC
ACATAG

Enzyme 31 GenBank Gene ID

AK057886

Enzyme 31 GeneCard ID

UBE2E2

Enzyme 31 GenAtlas ID

UBE2E2

Enzyme 31 HGNC ID

HGNC:12478 Link Image

Enzyme 31 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 31 Locus

3p24.2

Enzyme 31 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 31 General References

Kimura M, Hattori T, Matsuda Y, Yoshioka T, Sumi N, Umeda Y, Nakashima S, Okano Y: cDNA cloning, characterization, and chromosome mapping of UBE2E2 encoding a human ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzyme. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1997;78(2):107-11. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
David Y, Ziv T, Admon A, Navon A: The E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes direct polyubiquitination to preferred lysines. J Biol Chem. 2010 Mar 19;285(12):8595-604. Epub 2010 Jan 8. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 31 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 32 [top]

Enzyme 32 ID

5859

Enzyme 32 Name

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 D2

Enzyme 32 Synonyms

Ubiquitin carrier protein D2
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2(17)KB 2
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2-17 kDa 2
Ubiquitin-protein ligase D2

Enzyme 32 Gene Name

UBE2D2

Enzyme 32 Protein Sequence

>Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 D2

MALKRIHKELNDLARDPPAQCSAGPVGDDMFHWQATIMGPNDSPYQGGVFFLTIHFPTDY
PFKPPKVAFTTRIYHPNINSNGSICLDILRSQWSPALTISKVLLSICSLLCDPNPDDPLV
PEIARIYKTDREKYNRIAREWTQKYAM

Enzyme 32 Number of Residues

147

Enzyme 32 Molecular Weight

16735.1

Enzyme 32 Theoretical pI

7.96

Enzyme 32 GO Classification

Function
acid-amino acid ligase activity catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds small conjugating protein ligase activity
Process
biological regulation macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule modification metabolic process post-translational protein modification protein modification process regulation of biological process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of metabolic process regulation of protein metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 32 General Function

Involved in acid-amino acid ligase activity

Enzyme 32 Specific Function

Accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. In vitro catalyzes 'Lys- 48'-linked polyubiquitination. Mediates the selective degradation of short-lived and abnormal proteins. Functions in the E6/E6-AP- induced ubiquitination of p53/TP53. Mediates ubiquitination of PEX5 and autoubiquitination of CHIP and TRAF6. Involved in the signal-induced conjugation and subsequent degradation of NFKBIA, FBXW2-mediated GCM1 ubiquitination and degradation, MDM2-dependent degradation of TP53/p53 and the activation of MAVS in the mitochondria by DDX58/RIG-I in response to viral infection. Essential for viral activation of IRF3

Enzyme 32 Pathways

Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis (map04120 )

Enzyme 32 Reactions

ATP + ubiquitin + protein lysine = AMP + diphosphate + protein N-ubiquityllysine [RN:R03876]

Enzyme 32 Pfam Domain Function

UQ_con (PF00179 )

Enzyme 32 Signals

None

Enzyme 32 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 32 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 32 GenBank ID Protein

Not Available

Enzyme 32 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P62837

Enzyme 32 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

UB2D2_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 32 PDB ID

1UR6

Enzyme 32 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 32 3D Structure

Enzyme 32 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 32 Gene Sequence

>444 bp

ATGGCTCTGAAGAGAATCCACAAGGAATTGAATGATCTGGCACGGGACCCTCCAGCACAG
TGTTCAGCAGGTCCTGTTGGAGATGATATGTTCCATTGGCAAGCTACAATAATGGGGCCA
AATGACAGTCCCTATCAGGGTGGAGTATTTTTCTTGACAATTCATTTCCCAACAGATTAC
CCCTTCAAACCACCTAAGGTTGCATTTACAACAAGAATTTATCATCCAAATATTAACAGT
AATGGCAGCATTTGTCTTGATATTCTACGATCACAGTGGTCTCCAGCACTAACTATTTCA
AAAGTACTCTTGTCCATCTGTTCTCTGTTGTGTGATCCCAATCCAGATGATCCTTTAGTG
CCTGAGATTGCTCGGATCTACAAAACAGATAGAGAAAAGTACAACAGAATAGCTCGGGAA
TGGACTCAGAAGTATGCGATGTAA

Enzyme 32 GenBank Gene ID

U39317

Enzyme 32 GeneCard ID

UBE2D2

Enzyme 32 GenAtlas ID

UBE2D2

Enzyme 32 HGNC ID

HGNC:12475 Link Image

Enzyme 32 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 32 Locus

5q31.2

Enzyme 32 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 32 General References

Jensen JP, Bates PW, Yang M, Vierstra RD, Weissman AM: Identification of a family of closely related human ubiquitin conjugating enzymes. J Biol Chem. 1995 Dec 22;270(51):30408-14. [PubMed ]
Rolfe M, Beer-Romero P, Glass S, Eckstein J, Berdo I, Theodoras A, Pagano M, Draetta G: Reconstitution of p53-ubiquitinylation reactions from purified components: the role of human ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC4 and E6-associated protein (E6AP). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Apr 11;92(8):3264-8. [PubMed ]
Guinn BA, Bland EA, Lodi U, Liggins AP, Tobal K, Petters S, Wells JW, Banham AH, Mufti GJ: Humoral detection of leukaemia-associated antigens in presentation acute myeloid leukaemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Oct 7;335(4):1293-304. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Gonen H, Bercovich B, Orian A, Carrano A, Takizawa C, Yamanaka K, Pagano M, Iwai K, Ciechanover A: Identification of the ubiquitin carrier proteins, E2s, involved in signal-induced conjugation and subsequent degradation of IkappaBalpha. J Biol Chem. 1999 May 21;274(21):14823-30. [PubMed ]
Strack P, Caligiuri M, Pelletier M, Boisclair M, Theodoras A, Beer-Romero P, Glass S, Parsons T, Copeland RA, Auger KR, Benfield P, Brizuela L, Rolfe M: SCF(beta-TRCP) and phosphorylation dependent ubiquitinationof I kappa B alpha catalyzed by Ubc3 and Ubc4. Oncogene. 2000 Jul 20;19(31):3529-36. [PubMed ]
Saville MK, Sparks A, Xirodimas DP, Wardrop J, Stevenson LF, Bourdon JC, Woods YL, Lane DP: Regulation of p53 by the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UbcH5B/C in vivo. J Biol Chem. 2004 Oct 1;279(40):42169-81. Epub 2004 Jul 26. [PubMed ]
Winkler GS, Albert TK, Dominguez C, Legtenberg YI, Boelens R, Timmers HT: An altered-specificity ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme/ubiquitin-protein ligase pair. J Mol Biol. 2004 Mar 12;337(1):157-65. [PubMed ]
Windheim M, Peggie M, Cohen P: Two different classes of E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes are required for the mono-ubiquitination of proteins and elongation by polyubiquitin chains with a specific topology. Biochem J. 2008 Feb 1;409(3):723-9. [PubMed ]
Chiang MH, Chen LF, Chen H: Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2D2 is responsible for FBXW2 (F-box and WD repeat domain containing 2)-mediated human GCM1 (glial cell missing homolog 1) ubiquitination and degradation. Biol Reprod. 2008 Nov;79(5):914-20. Epub 2008 Aug 13. [PubMed ]
Grou CP, Carvalho AF, Pinto MP, Wiese S, Piechura H, Meyer HE, Warscheid B, Sa-Miranda C, Azevedo JE: Members of the E2D (UbcH5) family mediate the ubiquitination of the conserved cysteine of Pex5p, the peroxisomal import receptor. J Biol Chem. 2008 May 23;283(21):14190-7. Epub 2008 Mar 22. [PubMed ]
Zeng W, Xu M, Liu S, Sun L, Chen ZJ: Key role of Ubc5 and lysine-63 polyubiquitination in viral activation of IRF3. Mol Cell. 2009 Oct 23;36(2):315-25. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
Zeng W, Sun L, Jiang X, Chen X, Hou F, Adhikari A, Xu M, Chen ZJ: Reconstitution of the RIG-I pathway reveals a signaling role of unanchored polyubiquitin chains in innate immunity. Cell. 2010 Apr 16;141(2):315-30. [PubMed ]
David Y, Ziv T, Admon A, Navon A: The E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes direct polyubiquitination to preferred lysines. J Biol Chem. 2010 Mar 19;285(12):8595-604. Epub 2010 Jan 8. [PubMed ]
Houben K, Dominguez C, van Schaik FM, Timmers HT, Bonvin AM, Boelens R: Solution structure of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH5B. J Mol Biol. 2004 Nov 19;344(2):513-26. [PubMed ]
Sakata E, Satoh T, Yamamoto S, Yamaguchi Y, Yagi-Utsumi M, Kurimoto E, Tanaka K, Wakatsuki S, Kato K: Crystal structure of UbcH5b~ubiquitin intermediate: insight into the formation of the self-assembled E2~Ub conjugates. Structure. 2010 Jan 13;18(1):138-47. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 32 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 33 [top]

Enzyme 33 ID

5860

Enzyme 33 Name

DNA ligase 4

Enzyme 33 Synonyms

DNA ligase IV
Polydeoxyribonucleotide synthase [ATP] 4

Enzyme 33 Gene Name

LIG4

Enzyme 33 Protein Sequence

>DNA ligase 4

MAASQTSQTVASHVPFADLCSTLERIQKSKGRAEKIRHFREFLDSWRKFHDALHKNHKDV
TDSFYPAMRLILPQLERERMAYGIKETMLAKLYIELLNLPRDGKDALKLLNYRTPTGTHG
DAGDFAMIAYFVLKPRCLQKGSLTIQQVNDLLDSIASNNSAKRKDLIKKSLLQLITQSSA
LEQKWLIRMIIKDLKLGVSQQTIFSVFHNDAAELHNVTTDLEKVCRQLHDPSVGLSDISI
TLFSAFKPMLAAIADIEHIEKDMKHQSFYIETKLDGERMQMHKDGDVYKYFSRNGYNYTD
QFGASPTEGSLTPFIHNAFKADIQICILDGEMMAYNPNTQTFMQKGTKFDIKRMVEDSDL
QTCYCVFDVLMVNNKKLGHETLRKRYEILSSIFTPIPGRIEIVQKTQAHTKNEVIDALNE
AIDKREEGIMVKQPLSIYKPDKRGEGWLKIKPEYVSGLMDELDILIVGGYWGKGSRGGMM
SHFLCAVAEKPPPGEKPSVFHTLSRVGSGCTMKELYDLGLKLAKYWKPFHRKAPPSSILC
GTEKPEVYIEPCNSVIVQIKAAEIVPSDMYKTGCTLRFPRIEKIRDDKEWHECMTLDDLE
QLRGKASGKLASKHLYIGGDDEPQEKKRKAAPKMKKVIGIIEHLKAPNLTNVNKISNIFE
DVEFCVMSGTDSQPKPDLENRIAEFGGYIVQNPGPDTYCVIAGSENIRVKNIILSNKHDV
VKPAWLLECFKTKSFVPWQPRFMIHMCPSTKEHFAREYDCYGDSYFIDTDLNQLKEVFSG
IKNSNEQTPEEMASLIADLEYRYSWDCSPLSMFRRHTVYLDSYAVINDLSTKNEGTRLAI
KALELRFHGAKVVSCLAEGVSHVIIGEDHSRVADFKAFRRTFKRKFKILKESWVTDSIDK
CELQEENQYLI

Enzyme 33 Number of Residues

911

Enzyme 33 Molecular Weight

103969.9

Enzyme 33 Theoretical pI

8.04

Enzyme 33 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding DNA binding DNA ligase (ATP) activity DNA ligase (ATP) activity DNA ligase (ATP) activity DNA ligase (ATP) activity DNA ligase activity adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding binding catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming phosphoric ester bonds nucleic acid binding nucleoside binding purine nucleoside binding
Process
DNA ligation DNA ligation involved in DNA repair DNA metabolic process DNA recombination DNA repair DNA replication cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process
Component
cell part intracellular

Enzyme 33 General Function

Involved in DNA ligase (ATP) activity

Enzyme 33 Specific Function

Efficiently joins single-strand breaks in a double- stranded polydeoxynucleotide in an ATP-dependent reaction. Involved in DNA non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) required for double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination. The LIG4-XRCC4 complex is responsible for the NHEJ ligation step, and XRCC4 enhances the joining activity of LIG4. Binding of the LIG4-XRCC4 complex to DNA ends is dependent on the assembly of the DNA- dependent protein kinase complex DNA-PK to these DNA ends

Enzyme 33 Pathways

Not Available

Enzyme 33 Reactions

ATP + (deoxyribonucleotide)n + (deoxyribonucleotide)m = AMP + diphosphate + (deoxyribonucleotide)n+m [RN:R00381]

Enzyme 33 Pfam Domain Function

BRCT (PF00533 )
DNA_ligase_A_C (PF04679 )
DNA_ligase_A_M (PF01068 )
DNA_ligase_A_N (PF04675 )
DNA_ligase_IV (PF11411 )

Enzyme 33 Signals

None

Enzyme 33 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 33 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 33 GenBank ID Protein

148539894

Enzyme 33 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P49917

Enzyme 33 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

DNLI4_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 33 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 33 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 33 Gene Sequence

>2736 bp

ATGGCTGCCTCACAAACTTCACAAACTGTTGCATCTCACGTTCCTTTTGCAGATTTGTGT
TCAACTTTAGAACGAATACAGAAAAGTAAAGGACGTGCAGAAAAAATCAGACACTTCAGG
GAATTTTTAGATTCTTGGAGAAAATTTCATGATGCTCTTCATAAGAACCACAAAGATGTC
ACAGACTCTTTTTATCCAGCAATGAGACTAATTCTTCCTCAGCTAGAAAGAGAGAGAATG
GCCTATGGAATTAAAGAAACTATGCTTGCTAAGCTTTATATTGAGTTGCTTAATTTACCT
AGAGATGGAAAAGATGCCCTCAAACTTTTAAACTACAGAACACCCACTGGAACTCATGGA
GATGCTGGAGACTTTGCAATGATTGCATATTTTGTGTTGAAGCCAAGATGTTTACAGAAA
GGAAGTTTAACCATACAGCAAGTAAACGACCTTTTAGACTCAATTGCCAGCAATAATTCT
GCTAAAAGAAAAGACCTAATAAAAAAGAGCCTTCTTCAACTTATAACTCAGAGTTCAGCA
CTTGAGCAAAAGTGGCTTATACGGATGATCATAAAGGATTTAAAGCTTGGTGTTAGTCAG
CAAACTATCTTTTCTGTTTTTCATAATGATGCTGCTGAGTTGCATAATGTCACTACAGAT
CTGGAAAAAGTCTGTAGGCAACTGCATGATCCTTCTGTAGGACTCAGTGATATTTCTATC
ACTTTATTTTCTGCATTTAAACCAATGCTAGCTGCTATTGCAGATATTGAGCACATTGAG
AAGGATATGAAACATCAGAGTTTCTACATAGAAACCAAGCTAGATGGTGAACGTATGCAA
ATGCACAAAGATGGAGATGTATATAAATACTTCTCTCGAAATGGATATAACTACACTGAT
CAGTTTGGTGCTTCTCCTACTGAAGGTTCTCTTACCCCATTCATTCATAATGCATTCAAA
GCAGATATACAAATCTGTATTCTTGATGGTGAGATGATGGCCTATAATCCTAATACACAA
ACTTTCATGCAAAAGGGAACTAAGTTTGATATTAAAAGAATGGTAGAGGATTCTGATCTG
CAAACTTGTTATTGTGTTTTTGATGTATTGATGGTTAATAATAAAAAGCTAGGGCATGAG
ACTCTGAGAAAGAGGTATGAGATTCTTAGTAGTATTTTTACACCAATTCCAGGTAGAATA
GAAATAGTGCAGAAAACACAAGCTCATACTAAGAATGAAGTAATTGATGCATTGAATGAA
GCAATAGATAAAAGAGAAGAGGGAATTATGGTAAAACAACCTCTATCCATCTACAAGCCA
GACAAAAGAGGTGAAGGGTGGTTAAAAATTAAACCAGAGTATGTCAGTGGACTAATGGAT
GAATTGGACATTTTAATTGTTGGAGGATATTGGGGTAAAGGATCACGGGGTGGAATGATG
TCTCATTTTCTGTGTGCAGTAGCAGAGAAGCCCCCTCCTGGTGAGAAGCCATCTGTGTTT
CATACTCTCTCTCGTGTTGGGTCTGGCTGCACCATGAAAGAACTGTATGATCTGGGTTTG
AAATTGGCCAAGTATTGGAAGCCTTTTCATAGAAAAGCTCCACCAAGCAGCATTTTATGT
GGAACAGAGAAGCCAGAAGTATACATTGAACCTTGTAATTCTGTCATTGTTCAGATTAAA
GCAGCAGAGATCGTACCCAGTGATATGTATAAAACTGGCTGCACCTTGCGTTTTCCACGA
ATTGAAAAGATAAGAGATGACAAGGAGTGGCATGAGTGCATGACCCTGGACGACCTAGAA
CAACTTAGGGGGAAGGCATCTGGTAAGCTCGCATCTAAACACCTTTATATAGGTGGTGAT
GATGAACCACAAGAAAAAAAGCGGAAAGCTGCCCCAAAGATGAAGAAAGTTATTGGAATT
ATTGAGCACTTAAAAGCACCTAACCTTACTAACGTTAACAAAATTTCTAATATATTTGAA
GATGTAGAGTTTTGTGTTATGAGTGGAACAGATAGCCAGCCAAAGCCTGACCTGGAGAAC
AGAATTGCAGAATTTGGTGGTTATATAGTACAAAATCCAGGCCCAGACACGTACTGTGTA
ATTGCAGGGTCTGAGAACATCAGAGTGAAAAACATAATTTTGTCAAATAAACATGATGTT
GTCAAGCCTGCATGGCTTTTAGAATGTTTTAAGACCAAAAGCTTTGTACCATGGCAGCCT
CGCTTTATGATTCATATGTGCCCATCAACCAAAGAACATTTTGCCCGTGAATATGATTGC
TATGGTGATAGTTATTTCATTGATACAGACTTGAACCAACTGAAGGAAGTATTCTCAGGA
ATTAAAAATTCTAACGAGCAGACTCCTGAAGAAATGGCTTCTCTGATTGCTGATTTAGAA
TATCGGTATTCCTGGGATTGCTCTCCTCTCAGTATGTTTCGACGCCACACCGTTTATTTG
GACTCGTATGCTGTTATTAATGACCTGAGTACCAAAAATGAGGGGACAAGGTTAGCTATT
AAAGCCTTGGAGCTTCGGTTTCATGGAGCAAAAGTAGTTTCTTGTTTAGCTGAGGGAGTG
TCTCATGTAATAATTGGGGAAGATCATAGTCGTGTTGCAGATTTTAAAGCTTTTAGAAGA
ACTTTTAAGAGAAAGTTTAAAATCCTAAAAGAAAGTTGGGTAACTGATTCAATAGACAAG
TGTGAATTACAAGAAGAAAACCAGTATTTGATTTAA

Enzyme 33 GenBank Gene ID

NM_001098268.1 Link Image

Enzyme 33 GeneCard ID

LIG4

Enzyme 33 GenAtlas ID

LIG4

Enzyme 33 HGNC ID

HGNC:6601

Enzyme 33 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 33 Locus

13q33-q34

Enzyme 33 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 33 General References

Wei YF, Robins P, Carter K, Caldecott K, Pappin DJ, Yu GL, Wang RP, Shell BK, Nash RA, Schar P, et al.: Molecular cloning and expression of human cDNAs encoding a novel DNA ligase IV and DNA ligase III, an enzyme active in DNA repair and recombination. Mol Cell Biol. 1995 Jun;15(6):3206-16. [PubMed ]
Dunham A, Matthews LH, Burton J, Ashurst JL, Howe KL, Ashcroft KJ, Beare DM, Burford DC, Hunt SE, Griffiths-Jones S, Jones MC, Keenan SJ, Oliver K, Scott CE, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Andrews DT, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Bannerjee R, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beasley H, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burrill W, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clamp ME, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee CM, Clegg SC, Cobley V, Collins JE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Deloukas P, Dhami P, Dunham I, Dunn M, Earthrowl ME, Ellington AG, Faulkner L, Frankish AG, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gilbert JG, Gilson CJ, Ghori J, Grafham DV, Gribble SM, Griffiths C, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart EA, Heath PD, Howden PJ, Huckle EJ, Hunt PJ, Hunt AR, Johnson C, Johnson D, Kay M, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford CJ, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Lloyd C, Loveland JE, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, McLaren SJ, McMurray A, Milne S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, Palmer SA, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phillimore B, Porter KM, Rice CM, Searle S, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward CA, Sycamore N, Tester J, Thomas DW, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tubby B, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, Whitehead SL, Willey DL, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wright MW, Young L, Coulson A, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Sulston JE, Beck S, Bentley DR, Rogers J, Ross MT: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 13. Nature. 2004 Apr 1;428(6982):522-8. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Robins P, Lindahl T: DNA ligase IV from HeLa cell nuclei. J Biol Chem. 1996 Sep 27;271(39):24257-61. [PubMed ]
Grawunder U, Zimmer D, Fugmann S, Schwarz K, Lieber MR: DNA ligase IV is essential for V(D)J recombination and DNA double-strand break repair in human precursor lymphocytes. Mol Cell. 1998 Oct;2(4):477-84. [PubMed ]
Critchlow SE, Bowater RP, Jackson SP: Mammalian DNA double-strand break repair protein XRCC4 interacts with DNA ligase IV. Curr Biol. 1997 Aug 1;7(8):588-98. [PubMed ]
Chen L, Trujillo K, Sung P, Tomkinson AE: Interactions of the DNA ligase IV-XRCC4 complex with DNA ends and the DNA-dependent protein kinase. J Biol Chem. 2000 Aug 25;275(34):26196-205. [PubMed ]
Calsou P, Delteil C, Frit P, Drouet J, Salles B: Coordinated assembly of Ku and p460 subunits of the DNA-dependent protein kinase on DNA ends is necessary for XRCC4-ligase IV recruitment. J Mol Biol. 2003 Feb 7;326(1):93-103. [PubMed ]
Kanno S, Kuzuoka H, Sasao S, Hong Z, Lan L, Nakajima S, Yasui A: A novel human AP endonuclease with conserved zinc-finger-like motifs involved in DNA strand break responses. EMBO J. 2007 Apr 18;26(8):2094-103. Epub 2007 Mar 29. [PubMed ]
Imami K, Sugiyama N, Kyono Y, Tomita M, Ishihama Y: Automated phosphoproteome analysis for cultured cancer cells by two-dimensional nanoLC-MS using a calcined titania/C18 biphasic column. Anal Sci. 2008 Jan;24(1):161-6. [PubMed ]
Sibanda BL, Critchlow SE, Begun J, Pei XY, Jackson SP, Blundell TL, Pellegrini L: Crystal structure of an Xrcc4-DNA ligase IV complex. Nat Struct Biol. 2001 Dec;8(12):1015-9. [PubMed ]
Riballo E, Critchlow SE, Teo SH, Doherty AJ, Priestley A, Broughton B, Kysela B, Beamish H, Plowman N, Arlett CF, Lehmann AR, Jackson SP, Jeggo PA: Identification of a defect in DNA ligase IV in a radiosensitive leukaemia patient. Curr Biol. 1999 Jul 1;9(13):699-702. [PubMed ]
Riballo E, Doherty AJ, Dai Y, Stiff T, Oettinger MA, Jeggo PA, Kysela B: Cellular and biochemical impact of a mutation in DNA ligase IV conferring clinical radiosensitivity. J Biol Chem. 2001 Aug 17;276(33):31124-32. Epub 2001 May 10. [PubMed ]
O'Driscoll M, Cerosaletti KM, Girard PM, Dai Y, Stumm M, Kysela B, Hirsch B, Gennery A, Palmer SE, Seidel J, Gatti RA, Varon R, Oettinger MA, Neitzel H, Jeggo PA, Concannon P: DNA ligase IV mutations identified in patients exhibiting developmental delay and immunodeficiency. Mol Cell. 2001 Dec;8(6):1175-85. [PubMed ]
Roddam PL, Rollinson S, O'Driscoll M, Jeggo PA, Jack A, Morgan GJ: Genetic variants of NHEJ DNA ligase IV can affect the risk of developing multiple myeloma, a tumour characterised by aberrant class switch recombination. J Med Genet. 2002 Dec;39(12):900-5. [PubMed ]
van der Burg M, van Veelen LR, Verkaik NS, Wiegant WW, Hartwig NG, Barendregt BH, Brugmans L, Raams A, Jaspers NG, Zdzienicka MZ, van Dongen JJ, van Gent DC: A new type of radiosensitive T-B-NK+ severe combined immunodeficiency caused by a LIG4 mutation. J Clin Invest. 2006 Jan;116(1):137-45. Epub 2005 Dec 15. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 33 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 34 [top]

Enzyme 34 ID

5863

Enzyme 34 Name

Arginyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic

Enzyme 34 Synonyms

Arginine--tRNA ligase
ArgRS

Enzyme 34 Gene Name

RARS

Enzyme 34 Protein Sequence

>Arginyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic

MDVLVSECSARLLQQEEEIKSLTAEIDRLKNCGCLGASPNLEQLQEENLKLKYRLNILRK
SLQAERNKPTKNMINIISRLQEVFGHAIKAAYPDLENPPLLVTPSQQAKFGDYQCNSAMG
ISQMLKTKEQKVNPREIAENITKHLPDNECIEKVEIAGPGFINVHLRKDFVSEQLTSLLV
NGVQLPALGENKKVIVDFSSPNIAKEMHVGHLRSTIIGESISRLFEFAGYDVLRLNHVGD
WGTQFGMLIAHLQDKFPDYLTVSPPIGDLQVFYKESKKRFDTEEEFKKRAYQCVVLLQGK
NPDITKAWKLICDVSRQELNKIYDALDVSLIERGESFYQDRMNDIVKEFEDRGFVQVDDG
RKIVFVPGCSIPLTIVKSDGGYTYDTSDLAAIKQRLFEEKADMIIYVVDNGQSVHFQTIF
AAAQMIGWYDPKVTRVFHAGFGVVLGEDKKKFKTRSGETVRLMDLLGEGLKRSMDKLKEK
ERDKVLTAEELNAAQTSVAYGCIKYADLSHNRLNDYIFSFDKMLDDRGNTAAYLLYAFTR
IRSIARLANIDEEMLQKAARETKILLDHEKEWKLGRCILRFPEILQKILDDLFLHTLCDY
IYELATAFTEFYDSCYCVEKDRQTGKILKVNMWRMLLCEAVAAVMAKGFDILGIKPVQRM

Enzyme 34 Number of Residues

660

Enzyme 34 Molecular Weight

75378.3

Enzyme 34 Theoretical pI

6.65

Enzyme 34 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity arginine-tRNA ligase activity binding catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds nucleoside binding nucleotide binding purine nucleoside binding
Process
RNA metabolic process arginyl-tRNA aminoacylation biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process ncRNA metabolic process tRNA aminoacylation tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation tRNA metabolic process translation
Component
cell part cytoplasm intracellular part

Enzyme 34 General Function

Involved in nucleotide binding

Enzyme 34 Specific Function

Forms part of a macromolecular complex that catalyzes the attachment of specific amino acids to cognate tRNAs during protein synthesis. Modulates the secretion of AIMP1 and may be involved in generation of the inflammatory cytokine EMAP2 from AIMP1

Enzyme 34 Pathways

Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (map00970 )
Arginine and Proline Metabolism (map00330 )

Enzyme 34 Reactions

ATP + L-arginine + tRNAArg = AMP + diphosphate + L-arginyl-tRNAArg [RN:R03646]

Enzyme 34 Pfam Domain Function

Arg_tRNA_synt_N (PF03485 )
DALR_1 (PF05746 )
tRNA-synt_1d (PF00750 )

Enzyme 34 Signals

None

Enzyme 34 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 34 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 34 GenBank ID Protein

62897153

Enzyme 34 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P54136

Enzyme 34 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

SYRC_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 34 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 34 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 34 Gene Sequence

>1983 bp

ATGGACGTACTGGTGTCTGAGTGCTCCGCGCGGCTGCTGCAGCAGGAAGAAGAGATTAAA
TCTCTGACTGCTGAAATTGACCGGTTGAAAAACTGTGGCTGTTTAGGAGCTTCTCCAAAT
TTGGAGCAGTTACAAGAAGAAAATTTAAAATTAAAGTATCGACTGAATATTCTTCGAAAG
AGTCTTCAGGCAGAAAGGAACAAACCAACTAAAAATATGATTAACATTATTAGCCGCCTA
CAAGAGGTCTTTGGTCATGCAATTAAGGCTGCATATCCAGATTTGGAAAATCCTCCTCTG
CTAGTGACACCAAGTCAGCAGGCCAAGTTTGGGGACTATCAGTGTAATAGTGCTATGGGT
ATTTCTCAGATGCTCAAAACCAAGGAACAGAAAGTTAATCCAAGAGAAATTGCTGAAAAC
ATTACCAAACACCTCCCAGACAATGAATGTATTGAAAAAGTTGAAATTGCTGGTCCTGGT
TTTATTAATGTCCACTTAAGAAAGGATTTTGTATCAGAACAATTGACCAGTCTTCTAGTG
AATGGAGTTCAACTACCTGCTCTGGGAGAGAATAAAAAGGTTATAGTTGACTTTTCCTCC
CCTAATATAGCTAAAGAGATGCATGTAGGCCACCTGAGGTCAACTATCATAGGAGAGAGT
ATAAGCCGCCTCTTTGAATTTGCAGGGTATGACGTGCTCAGGTTAAATCATGTAGGAGAC
TGGGGGACCCAGTTTGGCATGCTCATCGCTCACCTGCAAGACAAATTTCCAGATTATCTA
ACAGTTTCACCTCCTATTGGGGATCTTCAGGTCTTTTATAAGGAATCTAAGAAGAGGTTT
GATACTGAGGAGGAATTTAAGAAGCGAGCATATCAGTGTGTAGTTCTGCTCCAGGGTAAA
AACCCAGATATTACAAAAGCTTGGAAGCTTATCTGTGATGTCTCCCGCCAAGAGTTAAAT
AAAATCTATGATGCATTGGACGTCTCTTTAATAGAGAGAGGGGAATCCTTCTATCAAGAT
GGGATGAATGATATTGTAAAGGAATTTGAAGATAGAGGATTTGTGCAGGTGGATGATGGC
AGAAAGATTGTATTTGTCCCAGGGTGTTCCATACCATTAACCATAGTAAAATCAGATGGA
GGTTATACCTATGATACATCTGACCTGGCTGCTATTAAACAAAGACTATTTGAGGAAAAA
GCAGATATGATTATCTATGTTGTGGACAATGGACAATCTGTGCACTTCCAGACAATATTT
GCTGCTGCTCAAATGATTGGTTGGTATGACCCTAAAGTAACTCGAGTCTTCCATGCTGGA
TTTGGTGTGGTGCTAGGGGAAGACAAGAAAAAGTTTAAAACACGTTCGGGTGAAACAGTG
CGCCTCATGGATCTTCTGGGAGAAGGACTAAAACGATCCATGGACAAGTTGAAGGAAAAA
GAAAGAGACAAGGTCTTAGCTGCAGAGGAATTGAATGCTGCTCAGACATCCGTTGCGTAT
GGCTGCATCAAATATGCTGACCTTTCCCATAACCGGTTGAATGACTACATCTTCTCCTTT
GACAAAATGCTAGATGACAGAGGAAATACAGCTGCTTACTTGTTGTATGCCTTCACTAGA
ATCAGGTCTATTGCACGTCTGGCCAATATTGATGAAGAAATGCTCCAAAAAGCTGCTCGA
GAAACCAAGATTCTTTTGGATCATGAGAAGGAATGGAAACTAGGCCGGTGCATTTTACGG
TTCCCTGAGATTCTGCAAAAGATTTTAGATGACTTATTTCTCCACACTCTCTGTGATTAT
ATATATGAGCTGGCAACTGCTTTCACAGAGTTCTATGATAGCTGCTACTGTGTGGAGAAA
GATAGACAGACTGGAAAAATATTGAAGGTGAACATGTGGCGTATGCTGCTATGTGAAGCA
GTAGCTGCTGTCATGGCCAAGGGGTTTGATATCCTGGGAATAAAACCTGTCCAAAGGATG
TAA

Enzyme 34 GenBank Gene ID

AK222797

Enzyme 34 GeneCard ID

RARS

Enzyme 34 GenAtlas ID

RARS

Enzyme 34 HGNC ID

HGNC:9870

Enzyme 34 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 34 Locus

5q35.1

Enzyme 34 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 34 General References

Girjes AA, Hobson K, Chen P, Lavin MF: Cloning and characterization of cDNA encoding a human arginyl-tRNA synthetase. Gene. 1995 Oct 27;164(2):347-50. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, Van Damme J, Staes A, Thomas GR, Vandekerckhove J: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. Nat Biotechnol. 2003 May;21(5):566-9. Epub 2003 Mar 31. [PubMed ]
Park SG, Jung KH, Lee JS, Jo YJ, Motegi H, Kim S, Shiba K: Precursor of pro-apoptotic cytokine modulates aminoacylation activity of tRNA synthetase. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jun 11;274(24):16673-6. [PubMed ]
Ling C, Yao YN, Zheng YG, Wei H, Wang L, Wu XF, Wang ED: The C-terminal appended domain of human cytosolic leucyl-tRNA synthetase is indispensable in its interaction with arginyl-tRNA synthetase in the multi-tRNA synthetase complex. J Biol Chem. 2005 Oct 14;280(41):34755-63. Epub 2005 Jul 29. [PubMed ]
Zheng YG, Wei H, Ling C, Xu MG, Wang ED: Two forms of human cytoplasmic arginyl-tRNA synthetase produced from two translation initiations by a single mRNA. Biochemistry. 2006 Jan 31;45(4):1338-44. [PubMed ]
Bottoni A, Vignali C, Piccin D, Tagliati F, Luchin A, Zatelli MC, Uberti EC: Proteasomes and RARS modulate AIMP1/EMAP II secretion in human cancer cell lines. J Cell Physiol. 2007 Aug;212(2):293-7. [PubMed ]
Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 34 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 35 [top]

Enzyme 35 ID

5865

Enzyme 35 Name

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 E3

Enzyme 35 Synonyms

UbcH9
Ubiquitin carrier protein E3
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2-23 kDa
Ubiquitin-protein ligase E3

Enzyme 35 Gene Name

UBE2E3

Enzyme 35 Protein Sequence

>Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 E3

MSSDRQRSDDESPSTSSGSSDADQRDPAAPEPEEQEERKPSATQQKKNTKLSSKTTAKLS
TSAKRIQKELAEITLDPPPNCSAGPKGDNIYEWRSTILGPPGSVYEGGVFFLDITFSSDY
PFKPPKVTFRTRIYHCNINSQGVICLDILKDNWSPALTISKVLLSICSLLTDCNPADPLV
GSIATQYLTNRAEHDRIARQWTKRYAT

Enzyme 35 Number of Residues

207

Enzyme 35 Molecular Weight

22912.3

Enzyme 35 Theoretical pI

7.25

Enzyme 35 GO Classification

Function
acid-amino acid ligase activity catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds small conjugating protein ligase activity
Process
biological regulation macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule modification metabolic process post-translational protein modification protein modification process regulation of biological process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of metabolic process regulation of protein metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 35 General Function

Involved in acid-amino acid ligase activity

Enzyme 35 Specific Function

Accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. In vitro catalyzes 'Lys- 11'- and 'Lys-48'-, as well as 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination. Participates in the regulation of transepithelial sodium transport in renal cells. May be involved in cell growth arrest

Enzyme 35 Pathways

Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis (map04120 )

Enzyme 35 Reactions

ATP + ubiquitin + protein lysine = AMP + diphosphate + protein N-ubiquityllysine [RN:R03876]

Enzyme 35 Pfam Domain Function

UQ_con (PF00179 )

Enzyme 35 Signals

None

Enzyme 35 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 35 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 35 GenBank ID Protein

Not Available

Enzyme 35 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q969T4

Enzyme 35 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

UB2E3_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 35 PDB ID

1Y6L

Enzyme 35 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 35 3D Structure

Enzyme 35 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 35 Gene Sequence

>624 bp

ATGTCCAGTGATAGGCAAAGGTCCGATGATGAGAGCCCCAGCACCAGCAGTGGCAGTTCA
GATGCGGACCAGCGAGACCCAGCCGCTCCAGAGCCTGAAGAACAAGAGGAAAGAAAACCT
TCTGCCACCCAGCAGAAGAAAAACACCAAACTCTCTAGCAAAACCACTGCTAAGTTATCC
ACTAGTGCTAAAAGAATTCAGAAGGAGCTAGCTGAAATAACCCTTGATCCTCCTCCTAAT
TGCAGTGCTGGGCCTAAAGGAGATAACATTTATGAATGGAGATCAACTATACTTGGTCCA
CCGGGTTCTGTATATGAAGGTGGTGTGTTTTTTCTGGATATCACATTTTCATCAGATTAT
CCATTTAAGCCACCAAAGGTTACTTTCCGCACCAGAATCTATCACTGCAACATCAACAGT
CAGGGAGTCATCTGTCTGGACATCCTTAAAGACAACTGGAGTCCCGCTTTGACTATTTCA
AAGGTTTTGCTGTCTATTTGTTCCCTTTTGACAGACTGCAACCCTGCGGATCCTCTGGTT
GGAAGCATAGCCACTCAGTATTTGACCAACAGAGCAGAACACGACAGGATAGCCAGACAG
TGGACCAAGAGATACGCAACATAA

Enzyme 35 GenBank Gene ID

AB017644

Enzyme 35 GeneCard ID

UBE2E3

Enzyme 35 GenAtlas ID

UBE2E3

Enzyme 35 HGNC ID

HGNC:12479 Link Image

Enzyme 35 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 35 Locus

2q32.1

Enzyme 35 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 35 General References

Ito K, Kato S, Matsuda Y, Kimura M, Okano Y: cDNA cloning, characterization, and chromosome mapping of UBE2E3 (alias UbcH9), encoding an N-terminally extended human ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1999;84(1-2):99-104. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Pepin KH, Minx P, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Kremitzki C, Oddy L, Du H, Sun H, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Carter J, Cordes M, Harris A, Isak A, van Brunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Abbott S, Armstrong J, Belter EA, Caruso L, Cedroni M, Cotton M, Davidson T, Desai A, Elliott G, Erb T, Fronick C, Gaige T, Haakenson W, Haglund K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Kim K, Kruchowski SS, Strong CM, Grewal N, Goyea E, Hou S, Levy A, Martinka S, Mead K, McLellan MD, Meyer R, Randall-Maher J, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Shah N, Swearengen-Shahid S, Snider J, Strong JT, Thompson J, Yoakum M, Leonard S, Pearman C, Trani L, Radionenko M, Waligorski JE, Wang C, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Maupin R, Latreille P, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Pohl C, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Berkowicz N, Nelson JO, Osborne J, Ding L, Meyer R, Sabo A, Shotland Y, Sinha P, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Jones TA, She X, Ciccarelli FD, Izaurralde E, Taylor J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Cox DR, Huang X, McPherson JD, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Warren WC, Chinwalla AT, Eddy SR, Marra MA, Ovcharenko I, Furey TS, Miller W, Eichler EE, Bork P, Suyama M, Torrents D, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. Nature. 2005 Apr 7;434(7034):724-31. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Plafker SM, Plafker KS, Weissman AM, Macara IG: Ubiquitin charging of human class III ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes triggers their nuclear import. J Cell Biol. 2004 Nov 22;167(4):649-59. Epub 2004 Nov 15. [PubMed ]
Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, Elias JE, Villen J, Li J, Cohn MA, Cantley LC, Gygi SP: Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Aug 17;101(33):12130-5. Epub 2004 Aug 9. [PubMed ]
Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
David Y, Ziv T, Admon A, Navon A: The E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes direct polyubiquitination to preferred lysines. J Biol Chem. 2010 Mar 19;285(12):8595-604. Epub 2010 Jan 8. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 35 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 36 [top]

Enzyme 36 ID

5867

Enzyme 36 Name

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 B

Enzyme 36 Synonyms

RAD6 homolog B
HR6B
hHR6B
Ubiquitin carrier protein B
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2-17 kDa
Ubiquitin-protein ligase B

Enzyme 36 Gene Name

UBE2B

Enzyme 36 Protein Sequence

>Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 B

MSTPARRRLMRDFKRLQEDPPVGVSGAPSENNIMQWNAVIFGPEGTPFEDGTFKLVIEFS
EEYPNKPPTVRFLSKMFHPNVYADGSICLDILQNRWSPTYDVSSILTSIQSLLDEPNPNS
PANSQAAQLYQENKREYEKRVSAIVEQSWNDS

Enzyme 36 Number of Residues

152

Enzyme 36 Molecular Weight

17312.2

Enzyme 36 Theoretical pI

4.64

Enzyme 36 GO Classification

Function
acid-amino acid ligase activity catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds small conjugating protein ligase activity
Process
biological regulation macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule modification metabolic process post-translational protein modification protein modification process regulation of biological process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of metabolic process regulation of protein metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 36 General Function

Involved in ATP binding

Enzyme 36 Specific Function

Accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. In vitro catalyzes 'Lys- 11'-, as well as 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination. Required for postreplication repair of UV-damaged DNA. Associates to the E3 ligase RAD18 to form the UBE2B-RAD18 ubiquitin ligase complex involved in mono-ubiquitination of DNA-associated PCNA on 'Lys-164'. May be involved in neurite outgrowth

Enzyme 36 Pathways

Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis (map04120 )

Enzyme 36 Reactions

ATP + ubiquitin + protein lysine = AMP + diphosphate + protein N-ubiquityllysine [RN:R03876]

Enzyme 36 Pfam Domain Function

UQ_con (PF00179 )

Enzyme 36 Signals

None

Enzyme 36 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 36 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 36 GenBank ID Protein

Not Available

Enzyme 36 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P63146

Enzyme 36 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

UBE2B_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 36 PDB ID

1JAS

Enzyme 36 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 36 3D Structure

Enzyme 36 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 36 Gene Sequence

>459 bp

ATGTCGACCCCGGCCCGGAGGAGGCTCATGCGGGATTTCAAGCGGTTACAAGAGGACCCA
CCTGTGGGTGTCAGTGGCGCACCATCTGAAAACAACATCATGCAGTGGAATGCAGTTATA
TTTGGACCAGAAGGGACACCTTTTGAAGATGGTACTTTTAAACTAGTAATAGAATTTTCT
GAAGAATATCCAAATAAACCACCAACTGTTAGGTTTTTATCCAAAATGTTTCATCCAAAT
GTGTATGCTGATGGTAGCATATGTTTAGATATCCTTCAGAATCGATGGAGTCCAACATAT
GATGTATCTTCTATCTTAACATCAATTCAGTCTCTGCTGGATGAACCGAATCCTAACAGT
CCAGCCAATAGCCAGGCAGCACAGCTTTATCAGGAAAACAAACGAGAATATGAGAAAAGA
GTTTCGGCCATTGTTGAACAAAGCTGGAATGATTCATAA

Enzyme 36 GenBank Gene ID

M74525

Enzyme 36 GeneCard ID

UBE2B

Enzyme 36 GenAtlas ID

UBE2B

Enzyme 36 HGNC ID

HGNC:12473 Link Image

Enzyme 36 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 36 Locus

5q31.1

Enzyme 36 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 36 General References

Schneider R, Eckerskorn C, Lottspeich F, Schweiger M: The human ubiquitin carrier protein E2(Mr = 17,000) is homologous to the yeast DNA repair gene RAD6. EMBO J. 1990 May;9(5):1431-5. [PubMed ]
Woffendin C, Chen ZY, Staskus K, Retzel EF, Plagemann PG: Mammalian mRNAs encoding protein closely related to ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme encoded by yeast DNA repair gene RAD6. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991 Aug 27;1090(1):81-5. [PubMed ]
Koken MH, Reynolds P, Jaspers-Dekker I, Prakash L, Prakash S, Bootsma D, Hoeijmakers JH: Structural and functional conservation of two human homologs of the yeast DNA repair gene RAD6. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Oct 15;88(20):8865-9. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Xin H, Lin W, Sumanasekera W, Zhang Y, Wu X, Wang Z: The human RAD18 gene product interacts with HHR6A and HHR6B. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jul 15;28(14):2847-54. [PubMed ]
Motegi A, Sood R, Moinova H, Markowitz SD, Liu PP, Myung K: Human SHPRH suppresses genomic instability through proliferating cell nuclear antigen polyubiquitination. J Cell Biol. 2006 Dec 4;175(5):703-8. Epub 2006 Nov 27. [PubMed ]
Unk I, Hajdu I, Fatyol K, Szakal B, Blastyak A, Bermudez V, Hurwitz J, Prakash L, Prakash S, Haracska L: Human SHPRH is a ubiquitin ligase for Mms2-Ubc13-dependent polyubiquitylation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Nov 28;103(48):18107-12. Epub 2006 Nov 15. [PubMed ]
David Y, Ziv T, Admon A, Navon A: The E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes direct polyubiquitination to preferred lysines. J Biol Chem. 2010 Mar 19;285(12):8595-604. Epub 2010 Jan 8. [PubMed ]
Miura T, Klaus W, Ross A, Guntert P, Senn H: The NMR structure of the class I human ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2b. J Biomol NMR. 2002 Jan;22(1):89-92. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 36 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 37 [top]

Enzyme 37 ID

5868

Enzyme 37 Name

Probable leucyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial

Enzyme 37 Synonyms

Leucine--tRNA ligase
LeuRS

Enzyme 37 Gene Name

LARS2

Enzyme 37 Protein Sequence

>Probable leucyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial

MASVWQRLGFYASLLKRQLNGGPDVIKWERRVIPGCTRSIYSATGKWTKEYTLQTRKDVE
KWWHQRIKEQASKISEADKSKPKFYVLSMFPYPSGKLHMGHVRVYTISDTIARFQKMRGM
QVINPMGWDAFGLPAENAAVERNLHPQSWTQSNIKHMRKQLDRLGLCFSWDREITTCLPD
YYKWTQYLFIKLYEAGLAYQKEALVNWDPVDQTVLANEQVDEHGCSWRSGAKVEQKYLRQ
WFIKTTAYAKAMQDALADLPEWYGIKGMQAHWIGDCVGCHLDFTLKVHGQATGEKLTAYT
ATPEAIYGTSHVAISPSHRLLHGHSSLKEALRMALVPGKDCLTPVMAVNMLTQQEVPVVI
LAKADLEGSLDSKIGIPSTSSEDTILAQTLGLAYSEVIETLPDGTERLSSSAEFTGMTRQ
DAFLALTQKARGKRVGGDVTSDKLKDWLISRQRYWGTPIPIVHCPVCGPTPVPLEDLPVT
LPNIASFTGKGGPPLAMASEWVNCSCPRCKGAAKRETDTMDTFVDSAWYYFRYTDPHNPH
SPFNTAVADYWMPVDLYIGGKEHAVMHLFYARFFSHFCHDQKMVKHREPFHKLLAQGLIK
GQTFRLPSGQYLQREEVDLTGSVPVHAKTKEKLEVTWEKMSKSKHNGVDPEEVVEQYGID
TIRLYILFAAPPEKDILWDVKTDALPGVLRWQQRLWTLTTRFIEARASGKSPQPQLLSNK
EKAEARKLWEYKNSVISQVTTHFTEDFSLNSAISQLMGLSNALSQASQSVILHSPEFEDA
LCALMVMAAPLAPHVTSEIWAGLALVPRKLCAHYTWDASVLLQAWPAVDPEFLQQPEVVQ
MAVLINNKACGKIPVPQQVARDQDKVHEFVLQSELGVRLLQGRSIKKSFLSPRTALINFL
VQD

Enzyme 37 Number of Residues

903

Enzyme 37 Molecular Weight

101975.4

Enzyme 37 Theoretical pI

8.32

Enzyme 37 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity binding catalytic activity leucine-tRNA ligase activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds nucleoside binding nucleotide binding purine nucleoside binding
Process
RNA metabolic process biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule metabolic process leucyl-tRNA aminoacylation macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process ncRNA metabolic process tRNA aminoacylation tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation tRNA metabolic process translation
Component
cell part cytoplasm intracellular part

Enzyme 37 General Function

Involved in nucleotide binding

Enzyme 37 Specific Function

ATP + L-leucine + tRNA(Leu) = AMP + diphosphate + L-leucyl-tRNA(Leu)

Enzyme 37 Pathways

Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (map00970 )

Enzyme 37 Reactions

ATP + L-leucine + tRNALeu = AMP + diphosphate + L-leucyl-tRNALeu [RN:R03657]

Enzyme 37 Pfam Domain Function

Anticodon_1 (PF08264 )
tRNA-synt_1 (PF00133 )

Enzyme 37 Signals

None

Enzyme 37 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 37 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 37 GenBank ID Protein

19683964

Enzyme 37 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q15031

Enzyme 37 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

SYLM_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 37 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 37 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 37 Gene Sequence

>2712 bp

ATGGCTTCTGTTTGGCAGAGATTGGGTTTTTATGCCTCTCTTCTGAAAAGACAGCTAAAT
GGTGGGCCAGATGTCATCAAGTGGGAAAGGAGAGTAATTCCCGGATGTACCAGAAGCATC
TACAGTGCCACGGGAAAGTGGACAAAAGAGTATACATTGCAGACAAGAAAGGATGTTGAG
AAATGGTGGCATCAACGAATAAAAGAACAGGCCTCCAAAATTTCAGAAGCTGATAAATCG
AAGCCAAAATTTTACGTGCTTTCCATGTTCCCTTATCCTTCTGGTAAGCTGCACATGGGC
CATGTGCGTGTCTACACCATCAGCGACACCATAGCACGGTTCCAGAAGATGAGAGGGATG
CAGGTCATCAACCCCATGGGATGGGATGCTTTTGGATTGCCTGCTGAAAATGCCGCAGTC
GAGAGGAATCTACATCCACAAAGTTGGACACAAAGTAATATTAAACACATGAGGAAACAG
CTTGATCGTCTGGGCCTGTGTTTCAGCTGGGATAGGGAAATAACTACGTGTTTGCCAGAT
TACTACAAGTGGACTCAGTATCTCTTTATTAAACTGTATGAGGCTGGGCTGGCCTATCAA
AAGGAGGCCCTGGTTAACTGGGACCCAGTGGATCAAACAGTGCTTGCCAATGAGCAGGTG
GATGAACATGGCTGTTCATGGCGTTCTGGAGCAAAGGTGGAACAGAAGTACCTCAGACAA
TGGTTTATTAAGACAACCGCTTATGCAAAGGCCATGCAGGACGCGTTGGCAGACCTTCCA
GAATGGTATGGAATAAAAGGCATGCAAGCCCACTGGATTGGGGACTGTGTGGGCTGCCAC
CTGGACTTCACATTAAAGGTTCATGGGCAAGCCACGGGCGAAAAGCTGACTGCCTATACG
GCCACCCCTGAAGCCATTTATGGCACCTCCCACGTGGCCATCTCGCCCAGCCACAGACTC
CTACATGGGCACAGCTCTCTGAAGGAAGCCTTGAGGATGGCCCTTGTCCCTGGCAAAGAT
TGCCTCACGCCTGTAATGGCTGTGAACATGCTCACCCAGCAGGAGGTCCCTGTCGTTATT
TTGGCCAAAGCTGACTTGGAAGGCTCTCTGGATTCAAAAATAGGAATTCCCAGTACTAGC
TCAGAGGACACCATCTTAGCCCAAACCCTGGGCCTGGCCTACTCTGAAGTCATTGAAACT
TTGCCAGATGGCACAGAGAGACTGAGCAGCTCTGCTGAGTTCACAGGTATGACCCGGCAG
GATGCTTTTCTAGCCCTGACTCAGAAAGCCCGGGGGAAGAGAGTGGGTGGAGACGTGACA
AGTGATAAACTGAAAGACTGGCTGATTTCACGGCAGCGGTACTGGGGCACACCAATCCCC
ATTGTCCACTGCCCAGTCTGTGGCCCCACACCTGTGCCCCTGGAGGACTTGCCTGTGACC
CTGCCCAACATCGCATCTTTCACTGGCAAGGGAGGCCCCCCACTGGCCATGGCTTCAGAG
TGGGTGAACTGCTCCTGCCCAAGGTGCAAGGGAGCAGCCAAGAGAGAGACAGACACGATG
GATACCTTTGTTGATTCTGCTTGGTACTACTTCAGATACACTGACCCTCATAATCCACAC
AGCCCTTTTAACACAGCAGTGGCCGATTACTGGATGCCTGTGGATTTGTACATTGGAGGG
AAAGAACATGCCGTCATGCACTTGTTCTATGCAAGATTCTTTAGTCATTTTTGCCATGAT
CAAAAAATGGTTAAACATAGGGAGCCTTTTCATAAGCTGCTGGCCCAAGGCCTTATCAAG
GGGCAGACATTCCGCCTACCATCTGGACAGTATCTACAGAGAGAGGAAGTGGATCTCACA
GGTTCCGTTCCTGTTCATGCAAAAACGAAAGAGAAGTTAGAGGTGACGTGGGAGAAGATG
AGTAAGTCCAAACACAACGGGGTGGACCCAGAGGAAGTTGTGGAGCAGTATGGGATCGAC
ACGATTCGGCTCTACATCCTTTTTGCTGCCCCTCCTGAGAAGGATATCTTGTGGGATGTG
AAAACTGATGCTCTCCCTGGGGTGCTGAGATGGCAACAACGACTGTGGACCTTGACAACT
CGGTTTATTGAGGCCAGGGCTTCTGGGAAGTCTCCCCAGCCTCAGCTGCTGAGTAACAAG
GAGAAAGCCGAGGCCAGGAAGCTCTGGGAGTACAAGAACTCCGTCATCTCTCAGGTGACC
ACCCATTTCACAGAGGACTTCTCACTGAATTCTGCAATTTCTCAGCTGATGGGACTCAGC
AATGCCCTCTCGCAAGCCTCTCAGAGCGTCATTCTCCACAGCCCCGAGTTTGAGGATGCT
TTGTGTGCCCTGATGGTGATGGCTGCTCCACTGGCCCCTCATGTAACCTCAGAGATCTGG
GCAGGCCTGGCGCTGGTGCCGAGGAAGCTCTGTGCCCACTACACTTGGGATGCCAGTGTG
CTGCTCCAGGCATGGCCTGCTGTGGACCCGGAGTTCCTGCAGCAGCCTGAGGTTGTCCAG
ATGGCAGTTCTGATCAACAATAAAGCTTGTGGCAAAATTCCTGTGCCCCAACAAGTTGCC
CGGGACCAGGACAAAGTCCACGAATTTGTTCTTCAAAGCGAGCTGGGTGTCAGGCTTTTG
CAAGGACGAAGCATCAAGAAGTCCTTCCTTTCCCCGAGAACTGCCCTCATCAACTTCCTG
GTGCAAGATTGA

Enzyme 37 GenBank Gene ID

BC025989

Enzyme 37 GeneCard ID

LARS2

Enzyme 37 GenAtlas ID

LARS2

Enzyme 37 HGNC ID

HGNC:17095 Link Image

Enzyme 37 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 37 Locus

3p21.3

Enzyme 37 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 37 General References

Nomura N, Miyajima N, Sazuka T, Tanaka A, Kawarabayasi Y, Sato S, Nagase T, Seki N, Ishikawa K, Tabata S: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. I. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0001-KIAA0040) deduced by analysis of randomly sampled cDNA clones from human immature myeloid cell line KG-1. DNA Res. 1994;1(1):27-35. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 37 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 38 [top]

Enzyme 38 ID

5870

Enzyme 38 Name

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J2

Enzyme 38 Synonyms

Non-canonical ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2
NCUBE-2

Enzyme 38 Gene Name

UBE2J2

Enzyme 38 Protein Sequence

>Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J2

MSSTSSKRAPTTATQRLKQDYLRIKKDPVPYICAEPLPSNILEWHYVVRGPEMTPYEGGY
YHGKLIFPREFPFKPPSIYMITPNGRFKCNTRLCLSITDFHPDTWNPAWSVSTILTGLLS
FMVEKGPTLGSIETSDFTKRQLAVQSLAFNLKDKVFCELFPEVVEEIKQKQKAQDELSSR
PQTLPLPDVVPDGETHLVQNGIQLLNGHAPGAVPNLAGLQQANRHHGLLGGALANLFVIV
GFAAFAYTVKYVLRSIAQE

Enzyme 38 Number of Residues

259

Enzyme 38 Molecular Weight

28898.1

Enzyme 38 Theoretical pI

8.59

Enzyme 38 GO Classification

Function
acid-amino acid ligase activity catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds small conjugating protein ligase activity
Process
biological regulation macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule modification metabolic process post-translational protein modification protein modification process regulation of biological process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of metabolic process regulation of protein metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 38 General Function

Involved in acid-amino acid ligase activity

Enzyme 38 Specific Function

Catalyzes the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to other proteins. Seems to function in the selective degradation of misfolded membrane proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ERAD)

Enzyme 38 Pathways

Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis (map04120 )

Enzyme 38 Reactions

ATP + ubiquitin + protein lysine = AMP + diphosphate + protein N-ubiquityllysine [RN:R03876]

Enzyme 38 Pfam Domain Function

UQ_con (PF00179 )

Enzyme 38 Signals

None

Enzyme 38 Transmembrane Regions

227-247

Enzyme 38 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 38 GenBank ID Protein

37577124

Enzyme 38 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q8N2K1

Enzyme 38 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

UB2J2_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 38 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 38 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 38 Gene Sequence

>780 bp

ATGAGCAGCACCAGCAGTAAGAGGGCTCCGACCACGGCAACCCAGAGGCTGAAGCAGGAC
TACCTTCGCATTAAGAAAGACCCGGTGCCTTACATCTGTGCCGAGCCCCTCCCTTCGAAT
ATTCTCGAGTGGCACTATGTCGTCCGAGGCCCAGAGATGACCCCTTATGAAGGTGGCTAT
TATCATGGAAAACTAATTTTTCCCAGAGAATTTCCTTTCAAACCTCCCAGTATCTATATG
ATCACTCCCAACGGGAGGTTTAAGTGCAACACCAGGCTGTGTCTTTCTATCACGGATTTC
CACCCGGACACGTGGAACCCGGCCTGGTCTGTCTCCACCATCCTGACTGGGCTCCTGAGC
TTCATGGTGGAGAAGGGCCCCACCCTGGGCAGTATAGAGACGTCGGACTTCACGAAAAGA
CAACTGGCAGTGCAGAGTTTAGCATTTAATTTGAAAGATAAAGTCTTTTGTGAATTATTT
CCTGAAGTCGTGGAGGAGATTAAACAAAAACAGAAAGCACAAGACGAACTCAGTAGCAGA
CCCCAGACTCTCCCCTTGCCAGACGTGGTTCCAGACGGGGAGACGCACCTCGTCCAGAAC
GGGATTCAGCTGCTCAACGGGCATGCGCCGGGGGCCGTCCCAAACCTCGCAGGGCTCCAG
CAGGCCAACCGGCACCACGGACTCCTGGGTGGCGCCCTGGCGAACTTGTTTGTGATAGTT
GGGTTTGCAGCCTTTGCTTACACGGTCAAGTACGTGCTGAGGAGCATCGCGCAGGAGTGA

Enzyme 38 GenBank Gene ID

NM_058167.2 Link Image

Enzyme 38 GeneCard ID

UBE2J2

Enzyme 38 GenAtlas ID

UBE2J2

Enzyme 38 HGNC ID

HGNC:19268 Link Image

Enzyme 38 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 38 Locus

1p36.33

Enzyme 38 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 38 General References

Tiwari S, Weissman AM: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation of T cell receptor subunits. Involvement of ER-associated ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s). J Biol Chem. 2001 May 11;276(19):16193-200. Epub 2001 Feb 2. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 38 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 39 [top]

Enzyme 39 ID

5873

Enzyme 39 Name

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3

Enzyme 39 Synonyms

L-UBC
UbcH7
Ubiquitin carrier protein L3
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2-F1
Ubiquitin-protein ligase L3

Enzyme 39 Gene Name

UBE2L3

Enzyme 39 Protein Sequence

>Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3

MAASRRLMKELEEIRKCGMKNFRNIQVDEANLLTWQGLIVPDNPPYDKGAFRIEINFPAE
YPFKPPKITFKTKIYHPNIDEKGQVCLPVISAENWKPATKTDQVIQSLIALVNDPQPEHP
LRADLAEEYSKDRKKFCKNAEEFTKKYGEKRPVD

Enzyme 39 Number of Residues

154

Enzyme 39 Molecular Weight

17861.4

Enzyme 39 Theoretical pI

8.79

Enzyme 39 GO Classification

Function
acid-amino acid ligase activity catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds small conjugating protein ligase activity
Process
biological regulation macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule modification metabolic process post-translational protein modification protein modification process regulation of biological process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of metabolic process regulation of protein metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 39 General Function

Involved in acid-amino acid ligase activity

Enzyme 39 Specific Function

Accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. In vitro catalyzes 'Lys- 11'-linked polyubiquitination. Involved in the selective degradation of short-lived and abnormal proteins. Down-regulated during the S-phase it is involved in progression through the cell cycle. Regulates nuclear hormone receptors transcriptional activity. May play a role in myelopoiesis

Enzyme 39 Pathways

Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis (map04120 )

Enzyme 39 Reactions

ATP + ubiquitin + protein lysine = AMP + diphosphate + protein N-ubiquityllysine [RN:R03876]

Enzyme 39 Pfam Domain Function

UQ_con (PF00179 )

Enzyme 39 Signals

None

Enzyme 39 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 39 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 39 GenBank ID Protein

Not Available

Enzyme 39 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P68036

Enzyme 39 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

UB2L3_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 39 PDB ID

1FBV

Enzyme 39 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 39 3D Structure

Enzyme 39 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 39 Gene Sequence

>465 bp

ATGGCGGCCAGCAGGAGGCTGATGAAGGAGCTTGAAGAAATCCGCAAATGTGGGATGAAA
AACTTCCGTAACATCCAGGTTGATGAAGCTAATTTATTGACTTGGCAAGGGCTTATTGTT
CCTGACAACCCTCCATATGATAAGGGAGCCTTCAGAATCGAAATCAACTTTCCAGCAGAG
TACCCATTCAAACCACCGAAGATCACATTTAAAACAAAGATCTATCACCCAAACATCGAC
GAAAAGGGGCAGGTCTGTCTGCCAGTAATTAGTGCCGAAAACTGGAAGCCAGCAACCAAA
ACCGACCAAGTAATCCAGTCCCTCATAGCACTGGTGAATGACCCCCAGCCTGAGCACCCG
CTTCGGGCTGACCTAGCTGAAGAATACTCTAAGGACCGTAAAAAATTCTGTAAGAATGCT
GAAGAGTTTACAAAGAAATATGGGGAAAAGCGACCTGTGGACTAA

Enzyme 39 GenBank Gene ID

S81003

Enzyme 39 GeneCard ID

UBE2L3

Enzyme 39 GenAtlas ID

UBE2L3

Enzyme 39 HGNC ID

HGNC:12488 Link Image

Enzyme 39 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 39 Locus

22q11.21

Enzyme 39 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 39 General References

Robinson PA, Leek JP, Thompson J, Carr IM, Bailey A, Moynihan TP, Coletta PL, Lench NJ, Markham AF: A human ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, L-UBC, maps in the Alzheimer's disease locus on chromosome 14q24.3. Mamm Genome. 1995 Oct;6(10):725-31. [PubMed ]
Nuber U, Schwarz S, Kaiser P, Schneider R, Scheffner M: Cloning of human ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UbcH6 and UbcH7 (E2-F1) and characterization of their interaction with E6-AP and RSP5. J Biol Chem. 1996 Feb 2;271(5):2795-800. [PubMed ]
Moynihan TP, Cole CG, Dunham I, O'Neil L, Markham AF, Robinson PA: Fine-mapping, genomic organization, and transcript analysis of the human ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme gene UBE2L3. Genomics. 1998 Jul 1;51(1):124-7. [PubMed ]
Collins JE, Wright CL, Edwards CA, Davis MP, Grinham JA, Cole CG, Goward ME, Aguado B, Mallya M, Mokrab Y, Huckle EJ, Beare DM, Dunham I: A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome. Genome Biol. 2004;5(10):R84. Epub 2004 Sep 30. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Blumenfeld N, Gonen H, Mayer A, Smith CE, Siegel NR, Schwartz AL, Ciechanover A: Purification and characterization of a novel species of ubiquitin-carrier protein, E2, that is involved in degradation of non-"N-end rule" protein substrates. J Biol Chem. 1994 Apr 1;269(13):9574-81. [PubMed ]
Ardley HC, Moynihan TP, Markham AF, Robinson PA: Promoter analysis of the human ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme gene family UBE2L1-4, including UBE2L3 which encodes UbcH7. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Apr 25;1491(1-3):57-64. [PubMed ]
Shimura H, Hattori N, Kubo S, Mizuno Y, Asakawa S, Minoshima S, Shimizu N, Iwai K, Chiba T, Tanaka K, Suzuki T: Familial Parkinson disease gene product, parkin, is a ubiquitin-protein ligase. Nat Genet. 2000 Jul;25(3):302-5. [PubMed ]
Niwa J, Ishigaki S, Doyu M, Suzuki T, Tanaka K, Sobue G: A novel centrosomal ring-finger protein, dorfin, mediates ubiquitin ligase activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Mar 2;281(3):706-13. [PubMed ]
Ardley HC, Tan NG, Rose SA, Markham AF, Robinson PA: Features of the parkin/ariadne-like ubiquitin ligase, HHARI, that regulate its interaction with the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, Ubch7. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jun 1;276(22):19640-7. Epub 2001 Mar 13. [PubMed ]
Toby GG, Gherraby W, Coleman TR, Golemis EA: A novel RING finger protein, human enhancer of invasion 10, alters mitotic progression through regulation of cyclin B levels. Mol Cell Biol. 2003 Mar;23(6):2109-22. [PubMed ]
Verma S, Ismail A, Gao X, Fu G, Li X, O'Malley BW, Nawaz Z: The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBCH7 acts as a coactivator for steroid hormone receptors. Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;24(19):8716-26. [PubMed ]
Huang J, Xu LG, Liu T, Zhai Z, Shu HB: The p53-inducible E3 ubiquitin ligase p53RFP induces p53-dependent apoptosis. FEBS Lett. 2006 Feb 6;580(3):940-7. Epub 2006 Jan 18. [PubMed ]
Garside H, Waters C, Berry A, Rice L, Ardley HC, White A, Robinson PA, Ray D: UbcH7 interacts with the glucocorticoid receptor and mediates receptor autoregulation. J Endocrinol. 2006 Sep;190(3):621-9. [PubMed ]
Fortier JM, Kornbluth J: NK lytic-associated molecule, involved in NK cytotoxic function, is an E3 ligase. J Immunol. 2006 Jun 1;176(11):6454-63. [PubMed ]
Marteijn JA, van der Meer LT, Smit JJ, Noordermeer SM, Wissink W, Jansen P, Swarts HG, Hibbert RG, de Witte T, Sixma TK, Jansen JH, van der Reijden BA: The ubiquitin ligase Triad1 inhibits myelopoiesis through UbcH7 and Ubc13 interacting domains. Leukemia. 2009 Aug;23(8):1480-9. Epub 2009 Apr 2. [PubMed ]
Whitcomb EA, Dudek EJ, Liu Q, Taylor A: Novel control of S phase of the cell cycle by ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme H7. Mol Biol Cell. 2009 Jan;20(1):1-9. Epub 2008 Oct 22. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
David Y, Ziv T, Admon A, Navon A: The E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes direct polyubiquitination to preferred lysines. J Biol Chem. 2010 Mar 19;285(12):8595-604. Epub 2010 Jan 8. [PubMed ]
Huang L, Kinnucan E, Wang G, Beaudenon S, Howley PM, Huibregtse JM, Pavletich NP: Structure of an E6AP-UbcH7 complex: insights into ubiquitination by the E2-E3 enzyme cascade. Science. 1999 Nov 12;286(5443):1321-6. [PubMed ]
Zheng N, Wang P, Jeffrey PD, Pavletich NP: Structure of a c-Cbl-UbcH7 complex: RING domain function in ubiquitin-protein ligases. Cell. 2000 Aug 18;102(4):533-9. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 39 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 40 [top]

Enzyme 40 ID

5874

Enzyme 40 Name

RNA 3'-terminal phosphate cyclase

Enzyme 40 Synonyms

RNA cyclase
RNA-3'-phosphate cyclase
RNA terminal phosphate cyclase domain-containing protein 1
RTC domain-containing protein 1

Enzyme 40 Gene Name

RTCD1

Enzyme 40 Protein Sequence

>RNA 3'-terminal phosphate cyclase

MAGPRVEVDGSIMEGGGQILRVSTALSCLLGLPLRVQKIRAGRSTPGLRPQHLSGLEMIR
DLCDGQLEGAEIGSTEITFTPEKIKGGIHTADTKTAGSVCLLMQVSMPCVLFAASPSELH
LKGGTNAEMAPQIDYTVMVFKPIVEKFGFIFNCDIKTRGYYPKGGGEVIVRMSPVKQLNP
INLTERGCVTKIYGRAFVAGVLPFKVAKDMAAAAVRCIRKEIRDLYVNIQPVQEPKDQAF
GNGNGIIIIAETSTGCLFAGSSLGKRGVNADKVGIEAAEMLLANLRHGGTVDEYLQDQLI
VFMALANGVSRIKTGPVTLHTQTAIHFAEQIAKAKFIVKKSEDEEDAAKDTYIIECQGIG
MTNPNL

Enzyme 40 Number of Residues

366

Enzyme 40 Molecular Weight

39336.4

Enzyme 40 Theoretical pI

7.94

Enzyme 40 GO Classification

Function
RNA-3'-phosphate cyclase activity catalytic activity cyclase activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming phosphoric ester bonds
Process
RNA metabolic process RNA processing cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 40 General Function

Involved in ligase activity, forming phosphoric ester bonds

Enzyme 40 Specific Function

Catalyzes the conversion of 3'-phosphate to a 2',3'- cyclic phosphodiester at the end of RNA. The mechanism of action of the enzyme occurs in 3 steps:(A) adenylation of the enzyme by ATP; (B) the enzyme acts on RNA-N3'P to produce RNA-N3'PP5'A; (C) a non catalytic nucleophilic attack by the adjacent 2'hydroxyl on the phosphorus in the diester linkage to produce the cyclic end product. The biological role of this enzyme is unknown but it is likely to function in some aspects of cellular RNA processing

Enzyme 40 Pathways

Not Available

Enzyme 40 Reactions

ATP + RNA 3'-terminal-phosphate = AMP + diphosphate + RNA terminal-2',3'-cyclic-phosphate [RN:R04274]

Enzyme 40 Pfam Domain Function

RTC (PF01137 )
RTC_insert (PF05189 )

Enzyme 40 Signals

None

Enzyme 40 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 40 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 40 GenBank ID Protein

55665043

Enzyme 40 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

O00442

Enzyme 40 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

RTC1_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 40 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 40 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 40 Gene Sequence

>1101 bp

ATGGCGGGGCCGCGGGTGGAGGTCGATGGCAGCATCATGGAAGGGGGCGGCCAGATCCTG
AGAGTCTCTACGGCCTTGAGCTGTCTCCTAGGCCTCCCCTTGCGGGTGCAGAAGATCCGA
GCCGGCCGGAGCACGCCAGGCCTGAGGCCTCAACATTTATCTGGACTGGAAATGATTCGA
GATTTGTGTGATGGGCAACTGGAGGGGGCAGAAATTGGCTCAACAGAAATAACCTTTACA
CCAGAGAAGATCAAAGGTGGAATCCACACAGCAGATACCAAGACAGCAGGGAGTGTGTGC
CTCTTGATGCAGGTCTCAATGCCGTGTGTTCTCTTTGCTGCTTCTCCATCAGAACTTCAT
TTGAAAGGTGGAACTAATGCTGAAATGGCACCACAGATCGATTATACAGTGATGGTCTTC
AAGCCAATTGTTGAAAAATTTGGTTTCATATTTAATTGTGACATTAAAACAAGGGGATAT
TACCCAAAAGGGGGTGGTGAAGTGATTGTTCGAATGTCACCAGTTAAACAATTGAACCCT
ATAAATTTAACTGAGCGTGGCTGTGTGACTAAGATATATGGAAGAGCTTTCGTTGCTGGT
GTTTTGCCATTTAAAGTAGCAAAAGATATGGCAGCGGCAGCAGTTAGATGCATCAGAAAG
GAGATCCGGGATTTGTATGTTAACATCCAGCCTGTTCAAGAACCTAAAGACCAAGCATTT
GGCAATGGAAATGGAATAATAATTATTGCTGAGACCTCCACTGGCTGTTTGTTTGCTGGA
TCATCGCTTGGTAAACGAGGTGTAAATGCAGACAAAGTTGGAATTGAAGCTGCCGAAATG
CTATTAGCAAATCTTAGACATGGTGGTACTGTGGATGAGTATCTGCAAGACCAGCTGATT
GTTTTCATGGCATTAGCCAATGGAGTTTCCAGAATAAAAACAGGACCAGTTACACTCCAT
ACGCAAACCGCGATACATTTTGCTGAACAAATAGCAAAGGCTAAATTTATTGTGAAGAAA
TCAGAAGATGAAGAAGACGCCGCTAAAGATACTTATATTATTGAATGCCAAGGAATTGGG
ATGACAAATCCAAATCTATAG

Enzyme 40 GenBank Gene ID

AL445928

Enzyme 40 GeneCard ID

RTCD1

Enzyme 40 GenAtlas ID

RTCD1

Enzyme 40 HGNC ID

HGNC:17981 Link Image

Enzyme 40 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 40 Locus

1p21.2

Enzyme 40 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 40 General References

Genschik P, Billy E, Swianiewicz M, Filipowicz W: The human RNA 3'-terminal phosphate cyclase is a member of a new family of proteins conserved in Eucarya, Bacteria and Archaea. EMBO J. 1997 May 15;16(10):2955-67. [PubMed ]
Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Filipowicz W, Vicente O: RNA 3'-terminal phosphate cyclase from HeLa cells. Methods Enzymol. 1990;181:499-510. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 40 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 41 [top]

Enzyme 41 ID

5878

Enzyme 41 Name

Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic

Enzyme 41 Synonyms

Tyrosyl--tRNA ligase
TyrRS

Enzyme 41 Gene Name

YARS

Enzyme 41 Protein Sequence

>Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic

MGDAPSPEEKLHLITRNLQEVLGEEKLKEILKERELKIYWGTATTGKPHVAYFVPMSKIA
DFLKAGCEVTILFADLHAYLDNMKAPWELLELRVSYYENVIKAMLESIGVPLEKLKFIKG
TDYQLSKEYTLDVYRLSSVVTQHDSKKAGAEVVKQVEHPLLSGLLYPGLQALDEEYLKVD
AQFGGIDQRKIFTFAEKYLPALGYSKRVHLMNPMVPGLTGSKMSSSEEESKIDLLDRKED
VKKKLKKAFCEPGNVENNGVLSFIKHVLFPLKSEFVILRDEKWGGNKTYTAYVDLEKDFA
AEVVHPGDLKNSVEVALNKLLDPIREKFNTPALKKLASAAYPDPSKQKPMAKGPAKNSEP
EEVIPSRLDIRVGKIITVEKHPDADSLYVEKIDVGEAEPRTVVSGLVQFVPKEELQDRLV
VVLCNLKPQKMRGVESQGMLLCASIEGINRQVEPLDPPAGSAPGEHVFVKGYEKGQPDEE
LKPKKKVFEKLQADFKISEECIAQWKQTNFMTKLGSISCKSLKGGNIS

Enzyme 41 Number of Residues

528

Enzyme 41 Molecular Weight

59143.0

Enzyme 41 Theoretical pI

7.05

Enzyme 41 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding RNA binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity binding catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds nucleic acid binding nucleoside binding nucleotide binding purine nucleoside binding tRNA binding tyrosine-tRNA ligase activity
Process
RNA metabolic process biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process ncRNA metabolic process tRNA aminoacylation tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation tRNA metabolic process translation tyrosyl-tRNA aminoacylation
Component
cell part cytoplasm intracellular part

Enzyme 41 General Function

Involved in nucleotide binding

Enzyme 41 Specific Function

Catalyzes the attachment of tyrosine to tRNA(Tyr) in a two-step reaction:tyrosine is first activated by ATP to form Tyr- AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Tyr)

Enzyme 41 Pathways

Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (map00970 )
Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism (map00400 )

Enzyme 41 Reactions

ATP + L-tyrosine + tRNATyr = AMP + diphosphate + L-tyrosyl-tRNATyr [RN:R02918]

Enzyme 41 Pfam Domain Function

tRNA-synt_1b (PF00579 )
tRNA_bind (PF01588 )

Enzyme 41 Signals

None

Enzyme 41 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 41 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 41 GenBank ID Protein

193785013

Enzyme 41 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P54577

Enzyme 41 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

SYYC_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 41 PDB ID

1Q11

Enzyme 41 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 41 3D Structure

Enzyme 41 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 41 Gene Sequence

>1587 bp

ATGGGGGACGCTCCCAGCCCTGAAGAGAAACTGCACCTTATCACCCGGAACCTGCAGGAG
GTTCTGGGGGAAGAGAAGCTGAAGGAGATACTGAAGGAGCGGGAACTTAAAATTTACTGG
GGAACGGCAACCACGGGCAAACCACATGTGGCTTACTTTGTGCCCATGTCAAAGATTGCA
GACTTCTTAAAGGCAGGGTGTGAGGTAACAATTCTGTTTGCGGACCTCCACGCATACCTG
GATAACATGAAAGCCCCATGGGAACTTCTAGAACTCCGAGTCAGTTACTATGAGAATGTG
ATCAAAGCAATGCTGGAGAGCATTGGTGTGCCCTTGGAGAAGCTCAAGTTCATCAAAGGC
ACTGATTACCAGCTCAGCAAAGAGTACACACTAGATGTGTACAGACTCTCCTCCGTGGTC
ACACAGCACGATTCCAAGAAGGCTGGAGCTGAGGTGGTAAAGCAGGTGGAGCACCCTTTG
CTGAGTGGCCTCTTATACCCCGGACTGCAGGCTTTGGATGAAGAGTATTTAAAAGTAGAT
GCCCAATTTGGAGGCATTGATCAGAGAAAGATTTTCACCTTTGCAGAGAAGTACCTCCCT
GCACTTGGCTATTCAAAACGGGTCCATCTGATGAATCCTATGGTTCCAGGATTAACAGGC
AGCAAAATGAGCTCTTCAGAAGAGGAGTCCAAGATTGATCTCCTTGATCGGAAGGAGGAT
GTGAAGAAAAAACTGAAGAAGGCCTTCTGTGAGCCAGGAAATGTGGAGAACAATGGGGTT
CTGTCCTTCATCAAGCATGTCCTTTTTCCCCTTAAGTCCGAGTTTGTGATCCTACGAGAT
GAGAAATGGGGTGGAAACAAAACCTACACAGCTTACGTGGACCTGGAAAAGGACTTTGCT
GCTGAGGTTGTACATCCTGGAGACCTGAAGAATTCTGTTGAAGTCGCACTGAACAAGTTG
CTGGATCCAATCCGGGAAAAGTTTAATACCCCTGCCCTGAAAAAACTGGCCAGCGCTGCC
TACCCAGATCCCTCAAAGCAGAAGCCAATGGCCAAAGGCCCTGCCAAGAATTCAGAACCA
GAGGAGGTCATCCCATCCCGGCTGGATATCCGTGTGGGGAAAATCATTACTGTGGAGAAG
CACCCAGATGCAGACAGCCTGTATGTAGAGAAGATTGACGTGGGGGAAGCTGAACCACGG
ACTGTGGTGAGCGGCCTGGTACAGTTCGTGCCCAAGGAGGAACTGCAGGACAGGCTGGTA
GTGGTGCTGTGCAACCTGAAACCCCAGAAGATGAGAGGAGTCGAGTCCCAAGGCATGCTT
CTGTGTGCTTCTATAGAAGGGATAAACCGCCAGGTTGAACCTCTGGACCCTCCGGCAGGC
TCTGCTCCTGGTGAGCACGTGTTTGTGAAGGGCTATGAAAAGGGCCAACCAGATGAGGAG
CTCAAGCCCAAGAAGAAAGTCTTCGAGAAGTTGCAGGCTGACTTCAAAATTTCTGAGGAG
TGCATCGCACAGTGGAAGCAAACCAACTTCATGACCAAGCTGGGCTCCATTTCCTGTAAA
TCGCTGAAAGGGGGGAACATTAGCTAG

Enzyme 41 GenBank Gene ID

AK125213

Enzyme 41 GeneCard ID

YARS

Enzyme 41 GenAtlas ID

YARS

Enzyme 41 HGNC ID

HGNC:12840 Link Image

Enzyme 41 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 41 Locus

1p35.1

Enzyme 41 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 41 General References

Ribas de Pouplana L, Frugier M, Quinn CL, Schimmel P: Evidence that two present-day components needed for the genetic code appeared after nucleated cells separated from eubacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Jan 9;93(1):166-70. [PubMed ]
Kleeman TA, Wei D, Simpson KL, First EA: Human tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase shares amino acid sequence homology with a putative cytokine. J Biol Chem. 1997 May 30;272(22):14420-5. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, Van Damme J, Staes A, Thomas GR, Vandekerckhove J: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. Nat Biotechnol. 2003 May;21(5):566-9. Epub 2003 Mar 31. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
Yang XL, Skene RJ, McRee DE, Schimmel P: Crystal structure of a human aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase cytokine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Nov 26;99(24):15369-74. Epub 2002 Nov 11. [PubMed ]
Yang XL, Otero FJ, Skene RJ, McRee DE, Schimmel P, Ribas de Pouplana L: Crystal structures that suggest late development of genetic code components for differentiating aromatic side chains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Dec 23;100(26):15376-80. Epub 2003 Dec 11. [PubMed ]
Jordanova A, Irobi J, Thomas FP, Van Dijck P, Meerschaert K, Dewil M, Dierick I, Jacobs A, De Vriendt E, Guergueltcheva V, Rao CV, Tournev I, Gondim FA, D'Hooghe M, Van Gerwen V, Callaerts P, Van Den Bosch L, Timmermans JP, Robberecht W, Gettemans J, Thevelein JM, De Jonghe P, Kremensky I, Timmerman V: Disrupted function and axonal distribution of mutant tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase in dominant intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. Nat Genet. 2006 Feb;38(2):197-202. Epub 2006 Jan 22. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 41 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 42 [top]

Enzyme 42 ID

5879

Enzyme 42 Name

DNA ligase 3

Enzyme 42 Synonyms

DNA ligase III
Polydeoxyribonucleotide synthase [ATP] 3

Enzyme 42 Gene Name

LIG3

Enzyme 42 Protein Sequence

>DNA ligase 3

MSLAFKIFFPQTLRALSRKELCLFRKHHWRDVRQFSQWSETDLLHGHPLFLRRKPVLSFQ
GSHLRSRATYLVFLPGLHVGLCSGPCEMAEQRFCVDYAKRGTAGCKKCKEKIVKGVCRIG
KVVPNPFSESGGDMKEWYHIKCMFEKLERARATTKKIEDLTELEGWEELEDNEKEQITQH
IADLSSKAAGTPKKKAVVQAKLTTTGQVTSPVKGASFVTSTNPRKFSGFSAKPNNSGEAP
SSPTPKRSLSSSKCDPRHKDCLLREFRKLCAMVADNPSYNTKTQIIQDFLRKGSAGDGFH
GDVYLTVKLLLPGVIKTVYNLNDKQIVKLFSRIFNCNPDDMARDLEQGDVSETIRVFFEQ
SKSFPPAAKSLLTIQEVDEFLLRLSKLTKEDEQQQALQDIASRCTANDLKCIIRLIKHDL
KMNSGAKHVLDALDPNAYEAFKASRNLQDVVERVLHNAQEVEKEPGQRRALSVQASLMTP
VQPMLAEACKSVEYAMKKCPNGMFSEIKYDGERVQVHKNGDHFSYFSRSLKPVLPHKVAH
FKDYIPQAFPGGHSMILDSEVLLIDNKTGKPLPFGTLGVHKKAAFQDANVCLFVFDCIYF
NDVSLMDRPLCERRKFLHDNMVEIPNRIMFSEMKRVTKALDLADMITRVIQEGLEGLVLK
DVKGTYEPGKRHWLKVKKDYLNEGAMADTADLVVLGAFYGQGSKGGMMSIFLMGCYDPGS
QKWCTVTKCAGGHDDATLARLQNELDMVKISKDPSKIPSWLKVNKIYYPDFIVPDPKKAA
VWEITGAEFSKSEAHTADGISIRFPRCTRIRDDKDWKSATNLPQLKELYQLSKEKADFTV
VAGDEGSSTTGGSSEENKGPSGSAVSRKAPSKPSASTKKAEGKLSNSNSKDGNMQTAKPS
AMKVGEKLATKSSPVKVGEKRKAADETLCQTKVLLDIFTGVRLYLPPSTPDFSRLRRYFV
AFDGDLVQEFDMTSATHVLGSRDKNPAAQQVSPEWIWACIRKRRLVAPC

Enzyme 42 Number of Residues

1009

Enzyme 42 Molecular Weight

112906.0

Enzyme 42 Theoretical pI

9.43

Enzyme 42 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding DNA binding DNA ligase (ATP) activity DNA ligase (ATP) activity DNA ligase (ATP) activity DNA ligase (ATP) activity DNA ligase activity adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding binding catalytic activity cation binding ion binding ligase activity ligase activity, forming phosphoric ester bonds metal ion binding nucleic acid binding nucleoside binding purine nucleoside binding transition metal ion binding zinc ion binding
Process
DNA ligation DNA ligation involved in DNA repair DNA metabolic process DNA recombination DNA repair DNA replication cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process
Component
cell part intracellular

Enzyme 42 General Function

Involved in DNA ligase (ATP) activity

Enzyme 42 Specific Function

Interacts with DNA-repair protein XRCC1 and can correct defective DNA strand-break repair and sister chromatid exchange following treatment with ionizing radiation and alkylating agents

Enzyme 42 Pathways

Not Available

Enzyme 42 Reactions

ATP + (deoxyribonucleotide)n + (deoxyribonucleotide)m = AMP + diphosphate + (deoxyribonucleotide)n+m [RN:R00381]

Enzyme 42 Pfam Domain Function

DNA_ligase_A_C (PF04679 )
DNA_ligase_A_M (PF01068 )
DNA_ligase_A_N (PF04675 )
zf-PARP (PF00645 )

Enzyme 42 Signals

None

Enzyme 42 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 42 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 42 GenBank ID Protein

73747829

Enzyme 42 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P49916

Enzyme 42 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

DNLI3_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 42 PDB ID

1UW0

Enzyme 42 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 42 3D Structure

Enzyme 42 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 42 Gene Sequence

>3030 bp

ATGTCTTTGGCTTTCAAGATCTTCTTTCCACAAACCCTCCGTGCACTCAGCCGAAAAGAA
CTGTGCCTATTCCGAAAACATCACTGGCGTGATGTAAGACAATTCAGCCAGTGGTCAGAA
ACAGATCTGCTTCATGGACATCCCCTCTTCCTGAGAAGAAAGCCTGTTCTATCATTCCAG
GGAAGCCATCTAAGATCACGTGCCACCTACCTTGTTTTCTTGCCAGGGTTGCATGTGGGA
CTCTGCAGTGGCCCCTGTGAGATGGCTGAGCAACGGTTCTGTGTGGACTATGCCAAGCGT
GGCACAGCTGGCTGCAAAAAATGCAAGGAAAAGATTGTGAAGGGCGTATGCCGAATTGGC
AAAGTGGTGCCCAATCCCTTCTCAGAGTCTGGGGGTGATATGAAAGAGTGGTACCACATT
AAATGCATGTTTGAGAAACTAGAGCGGGCCCGGGCCACCACAAAAAAAATCGAGGACCTC
ACAGAGCTGGAAGGCTGGGAAGAGCTGGAAGATAATGAGAAGGAACAGATAACCCAGCAC
ATTGCAGATCTGTCTTCTAAGGCAGCAGGTACACCAAAGAAGAAAGCTGTTGTCCAGGCT
AAGTTGACAACCACTGGCCAGGTGACTTCTCCAGTGAAAGGCGCCTCATTTGTCACCAGT
ACCAATCCCCGGAAATTTTCTGGCTTTTCAGCCAAGCCCAACAACTCTGGGGAAGCCCCC
TCGAGCCCCACCCCTAAGAGAAGTCTGTCTTCAAGCAAATGTGACCCCAGGCATAAGGAC
TGTCTGCTACGGGAGTTTCGAAAGTTATGCGCCATGGTGGCCGATAATCCTAGCTACAAC
ACGAAGACCCAGATCATCCAGGACTTCCTTCGGAAAGGCTCAGCAGGAGATGGTTTCCAC
GGTGATGTGTACCTAACAGTGAAGCTGCTGCTGCCAGGAGTCATTAAGACTGTTTACAAC
TTGAACGATAAGCAGATTGTGAAGCTTTTCAGTCGCATTTTTAACTGCAACCCAGATGAT
ATGGCACGGGACCTAGAGCAGGGTGACGTGTCAGAGACAATCAGAGTCTTCTTTGAGCAG
AGCAAGTCTTTCCCCCCAGCTGCCAAGAGCCTCCTTACCATCCAGGAAGTGGATGAGTTC
CTTCTGCGGCTGTCCAAGCTCACCAAGGAGGATGAGCAGCAACAGGCCCTACAGGACATT
GCCTCCAGGTGTACAGCCAATGACCTTAAATGCATCATCAGGTTGATCAAACATGATCTG
AAGATGAACTCAGGTGCAAAACATGTGTTAGACGCCCTTGACCCCAATGCCTATGAAGCC
TTCAAAGCCTCGCGCAACCTGCAGGATGTGGTGGAGCGGGTCCTTCACAACGCGCAGGAG
GTGGAGAAGGAGCCGGGCCAGAGACGAGCTCTGAGCGTCCAGGCCTCGCTGATGACACCT
GTGCAGCCCATGTTGGCGGAGGCCTGCAAGTCCGTTGAGTATGCAATGAAGAAATGTCCC
AATGGCATGTTCTCTGAGATCAAGTACGATGGAGAGCGAGTCCAGGTGCATAAGAATGGA
GACCACTTCAGCTACTTCAGCCGCAGTCTCAAGCCCGTCCTTCCTCACAAGGTGGCCCAC
TTTAAGGACTACATTCCCCAGGCTTTTCCTGGGGGCCACAGCATGATCTTGGATTCTGAA
GTGCTTCTGATTGACAACAAGACAGGCAAACCACTGCCCTTTGGGACTCTGGGAGTACAC
AAGAAAGCAGCCTTCCAGGATGCTAATGTCTGCCTGTTTGTTTTTGATTGTATCTACTTT
AATGATGTCAGCTTGATGGACAGACCTCTGTGTGAGCGGCGGAAGTTTCTTCATGACAAC
ATGGTTGAAATTCCAAACCGGATCATGTTCTCAGAAATGAAGCGAGTCACAAAAGCTTTG
GACTTGGCTGACATGATAACCCGGGTGATCCAGGAGGGATTGGAGGGGCTGGTGCTGAAG
GATGTGAAGGGTACATATGAGCCTGGGAAGCGGCACTGGCTGAAAGTGAAGAAAGACTAT
TTGAACGAGGGGGCCATGGCCGACACAGCTGACCTGGTGGTCCTTGGAGCCTTCTATGGG
CAAGGGAGCAAAGGCGGCATGATGTCAATCTTCCTCATGGGCTGCTACGACCCTGGCAGC
CAGAAGTGGTGCACAGTCACCAAGTGTGCAGGAGGCCATGATGATGCCACGCTTGCCCGC
CTGCAGAATGAACTAGACATGGTGAAGATCAGCAAGGACCCCAGCAAAATACCCAGCTGG
TTGAAGGTCAACAAGATCTACTATCCTGACTTCATCGTCCCAGACCCAAAGAAAGCTGCC
GTGTGGGAGATCACAGGGGCTGAATTCTCCAAATCGGAGGCTCATACAGCTGACGGGATC
TCCATCCGATTCCCTCGCTGCACCCGAATCCGAGATGATAAGGACTGGAAATCTGCCACT
AACCTTCCCCAACTCAAGGAACTGTACCAGTTGTCCAAGGAGAAGGCAGACTTCACTGTA
GTGGCTGGAGATGAGGGGAGCTCCACTACAGGGGGTAGCAGTGAAGAGAATAAGGGTCCC
TCAGGGTCTGCTGTGTCCCGCAAGGCCCCCAGCAAGCCCTCAGCCAGTACCAAGAAAGCA
GAAGGGAAGCTGAGTAACTCCAACAGCAAAGATGGCAACATGCAGACTGCAAAGCCTTCC
GCTATGAAGGTGGGGGAGAAGCTGGCCACAAAGTCTTCTCCAGTGAAAGTAGGGGAGAAG
CGGAAAGCTGCTGATGAGACGCTGTGCCAAACAAAGGTATTGCTGGACATCTTCACTGGG
GTGCGGCTTTACTTGCCACCCTCCACACCAGACTTCAGCCGTCTCAGACGCTACTTTGTG
GCATTCGACGGGGACCTGGTACAGGAATTTGATATGACTTCAGCCACGCACGTGCTGGGT
AGCAGGGACAAGAACCCTGCGGCCCAGCAGGTCTCCCCAGAGTGGATTTGGGCATGTATC
CGGAAACGGAGACTGGTAGCTCCCTGCTAG

Enzyme 42 GenBank Gene ID

NM_013975.3 Link Image

Enzyme 42 GeneCard ID

LIG3

Enzyme 42 GenAtlas ID

LIG3

Enzyme 42 HGNC ID

HGNC:6600

Enzyme 42 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 42 Locus

17q11.2-q12

Enzyme 42 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 42 General References

Wei YF, Robins P, Carter K, Caldecott K, Pappin DJ, Yu GL, Wang RP, Shell BK, Nash RA, Schar P, et al.: Molecular cloning and expression of human cDNAs encoding a novel DNA ligase IV and DNA ligase III, an enzyme active in DNA repair and recombination. Mol Cell Biol. 1995 Jun;15(6):3206-16. [PubMed ]
Chen J, Tomkinson AE, Ramos W, Mackey ZB, Danehower S, Walter CA, Schultz RA, Besterman JM, Husain I: Mammalian DNA ligase III: molecular cloning, chromosomal localization, and expression in spermatocytes undergoing meiotic recombination. Mol Cell Biol. 1995 Oct;15(10):5412-22. [PubMed ]
Zody MC, Garber M, Adams DJ, Sharpe T, Harrow J, Lupski JR, Nicholson C, Searle SM, Wilming L, Young SK, Abouelleil A, Allen NR, Bi W, Bloom T, Borowsky ML, Bugalter BE, Butler J, Chang JL, Chen CK, Cook A, Corum B, Cuomo CA, de Jong PJ, DeCaprio D, Dewar K, FitzGerald M, Gilbert J, Gibson R, Gnerre S, Goldstein S, Grafham DV, Grocock R, Hafez N, Hagopian DS, Hart E, Norman CH, Humphray S, Jaffe DB, Jones M, Kamal M, Khodiyar VK, LaButti K, Laird G, Lehoczky J, Liu X, Lokyitsang T, Loveland J, Lui A, Macdonald P, Major JE, Matthews L, Mauceli E, McCarroll SA, Mihalev AH, Mudge J, Nguyen C, Nicol R, O'Leary SB, Osoegawa K, Schwartz DC, Shaw-Smith C, Stankiewicz P, Steward C, Swarbreck D, Venkataraman V, Whittaker CA, Yang X, Zimmer AR, Bradley A, Hubbard T, Birren BW, Rogers J, Lander ES, Nusbaum C: DNA sequence of human chromosome 17 and analysis of rearrangement in the human lineage. Nature. 2006 Apr 20;440(7087):1045-9. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed ]
Beausoleil SA, Villen J, Gerber SA, Rush J, Gygi SP: A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization. Nat Biotechnol. 2006 Oct;24(10):1285-92. Epub 2006 Sep 10. [PubMed ]
Imami K, Sugiyama N, Kyono Y, Tomita M, Ishihama Y: Automated phosphoproteome analysis for cultured cancer cells by two-dimensional nanoLC-MS using a calcined titania/C18 biphasic column. Anal Sci. 2008 Jan;24(1):161-6. [PubMed ]
Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]
Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
Thornton KH, Krishnan VV, West MG, Popham J, Ramirez M, Thelen MP, Cosman M: Expression, purification, and biophysical characterization of the BRCT domain of human DNA ligase IIIalpha. Protein Expr Purif. 2001 Apr;21(3):401-11. [PubMed ]
Kulczyk AW, Yang JC, Neuhaus D: Solution structure and DNA binding of the zinc-finger domain from DNA ligase IIIalpha. J Mol Biol. 2004 Aug 13;341(3):723-38. [PubMed ]
Sjoblom T, Jones S, Wood LD, Parsons DW, Lin J, Barber TD, Mandelker D, Leary RJ, Ptak J, Silliman N, Szabo S, Buckhaults P, Farrell C, Meeh P, Markowitz SD, Willis J, Dawson D, Willson JK, Gazdar AF, Hartigan J, Wu L, Liu C, Parmigiani G, Park BH, Bachman KE, Papadopoulos N, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Velculescu VE: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):268-74. Epub 2006 Sep 7. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 42 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 43 [top]

Enzyme 43 ID

5880

Enzyme 43 Name

Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic

Enzyme 43 Synonyms

Aspartate--tRNA ligase
AspRS
Cell proliferation-inducing gene 40 protein

Enzyme 43 Gene Name

DARS

Enzyme 43 Protein Sequence

>Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic

MPSASASRKSQEKPREIMDAAEDYAKERYGISSMIQSQEKPDRVLVRVRDLTIQKADEVV
WVRARVHTSRAKGKQCFLVLRQQQFNVQALVAVGDHASKQMVKFAANINKESIVDVEGVV
RKVNQKIGSCTQQDVELHVQKIYVISLAEPRLPLQLDDAVRPEAEGEEEGRATVNQDTRL
DNRVIDLRTSTSQAVFRLQSGICHLFRETLINKGFVEIQTPKIISAASEGGANVFTVSYF
KNNAYLAQSPQLYKQMCICADFEKVFSIGPVFRAEDSNTHRHLTEFVGLDIEMAFNYHYH
EVMEEIADTMVQIFKGLQERFQTEIQTVNKQFPCEPFKFLEPTLRLEYCEALAMLREAGV
EMGDEDDLSTPNEKLLGHLVKEKYDTDFYILDKYPLAVRPFYTMPDPRNPKQSNSYDMFM
RGEEILSGAQRIHDPQLLTERALHHGIDLEKIKAYIDSFRFGAPPHAGGGIGLERVTMLF
LGLHNVRQTSMFPRDPKRLTP

Enzyme 43 Number of Residues

501

Enzyme 43 Molecular Weight

57135.8

Enzyme 43 Theoretical pI

6.52

Enzyme 43 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity aspartate-tRNA ligase activity binding catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds nucleic acid binding nucleoside binding nucleotide binding purine nucleoside binding
Process
RNA metabolic process aspartyl-tRNA aminoacylation biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process ncRNA metabolic process tRNA aminoacylation tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation tRNA metabolic process translation
Component
cell part cytoplasm intracellular part

Enzyme 43 General Function

Involved in nucleotide binding

Enzyme 43 Specific Function

Enzyme 43 Pathways

Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (map00970 )

Enzyme 43 Reactions

ATP + L-aspartate + tRNAAsp = AMP + diphosphate + L-aspartyl-tRNAAsp [RN:R05577]

Enzyme 43 Pfam Domain Function

tRNA-synt_2 (PF00152 )
tRNA_anti (PF01336 )

Enzyme 43 Signals

None

Enzyme 43 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 43 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 43 GenBank ID Protein

62896511

Enzyme 43 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P14868

Enzyme 43 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

SYDC_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 43 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 43 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 43 Gene Sequence

>1506 bp

ATGCCCAGCGCCAGCGCCAGCCGCAAGAGTCAGGAGAAGCCGCGGGAGATCATGGACGCG
GCGGAAGATTATGCTAAAGAGAGATATGGAATATCTTCAATGATACAATCACACGAAAAA
CCAGATCGAGTTTTGGTTCGGGTTAGAGACTTGACAATACAAAAAGCTGATGAAGTTGTT
TGGGTACGTGCAAGAGTTCATACAAGCAGAGCTAAAGGGAAACAGTGCTTCTTAGTCCTA
CGTCAGCAGCAGTTTAATGTCCAGGCTCTTGTGGCGGTGGGAGACCATGCAAGCAAGCAG
ATGGTTAAATTTGCTGCCAACATCAACAAAGAGAGCATTGTGGATGTAGAAGGTGTTGTG
AGAAAAGTGAATCAGAAAATTGGAAGCTGTACACAGCAAGACGTTGAGTTACATGTTCAG
AAGATTTATGTGATCAGTTTGGCTGAACCCCGTCTGCCCCTGCAGCTGGATGATGCTGTT
CGGCCTGAGGCAGAAGGAGAAGAGGAAGGAAGAGCTACTGTTAACCAGGATACAAGATTA
GACAACAGAGTCATTGATCTTAGGACATCAACTAGTCAGGCAGTCTTCCGTCTCCAGTCT
GGCATCTGCCATCTCTTCCGAGAAACTTTAATTAACAAAGGTTTTGTGGAAATCCAAACT
CCTAAAATTATTTCAGCTGCCAGTGAAGGAGGAGCCAATGTTTTTACTGTGTCATATTTT
AAAAATAATGCATACCTGGCTCAGTCCCCACAGCTATATAAGCAAATGTGCATTTGTGCT
GATTTTGAGAAGGTTTTCTCTATTGGACCAGTATTCAGAGCGGAAGACTCTAATACCCAT
AGACATCTAACTGAGTTTGTTGGTTTGGACATTGAAATGGCTTTTAATTACCATTACCAC
GAAGTTATGGAAGAAATTGCTGACACCATGGTACAAATATTCAAAGGACTTCAAGAAAGG
TTTCAGACTGAAATTCAAACAGTGAATAAACAGTTCCCATGTGAGCCATTCAAATTTTTG
GAGCCAACTCTAAGACTAGAATATTGTGAAGCATTGGCTATGCTTAGGGAAGCTGGAGTC
GAAATGGGAGATGAAGACGATCTGAGCACACCAAATGAAAAGCTGTTGGGTCATTTGGTA
AAGGAAAAGTATGATACAGATTTTTATATTCTTGATAAATATCCATTGGCTGTAAGACCT
TTCTATACCATGCCTGACCCAAGAAATCCCAAACAGTCCAACTCTTACGATATGTTCATG
AGAGGAGAAGAAATATTGTCAGGAGCTCAAAGAATACATGATCCTCAACTGCTAACAGAG
AGAGCTTTACATCATGGAATTGATTTGGAGAAAATTAAGGCTTACATTGATTCCTTCCGC
TTTGGAGCCCCTCCTCATGCTGGTGGAGGCATTGGATTGGAACGAGTTACTATGCTGTTT
CTGGGATTGCATAATGTTCGTCAGACCTCCATGTTCCCTCGTGATCCCAAACGACTCACT
CCTTAA

Enzyme 43 GenBank Gene ID

AK222476

Enzyme 43 GeneCard ID

DARS

Enzyme 43 GenAtlas ID

DARS

Enzyme 43 HGNC ID

HGNC:2678

Enzyme 43 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 43 Locus

2q21.3

Enzyme 43 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 43 General References

Jacobo-Molina A, Peterson R, Yang DC: cDNA sequence, predicted primary structure, and evolving amphiphilic helix of human aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. J Biol Chem. 1989 Oct 5;264(28):16608-12. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Imami K, Sugiyama N, Kyono Y, Tomita M, Ishihama Y: Automated phosphoproteome analysis for cultured cancer cells by two-dimensional nanoLC-MS using a calcined titania/C18 biphasic column. Anal Sci. 2008 Jan;24(1):161-6. [PubMed ]
Guzzo CM, Yang DC: Lysyl-tRNA synthetase interacts with EF1alpha, aspartyl-tRNA synthetase and p38 in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Jan 25;365(4):718-23. Epub 2007 Nov 20. [PubMed ]
Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 43 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 44 [top]

Enzyme 44 ID

5882

Enzyme 44 Name

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 D3

Enzyme 44 Synonyms

Ubiquitin carrier protein D3
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2(17)KB 3
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2-17 kDa 3
Ubiquitin-protein ligase D3

Enzyme 44 Gene Name

UBE2D3

Enzyme 44 Protein Sequence

>Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 D3

MALKRINKELSDLARDPPAQCSAGPVGDDMFHWQATIMGPNDSPYQGGVFFLTIHFPTDY
PFKPPKVAFTTRIYHPNINSNGSICLDILRSQWSPALTISKVLLSICSLLCDPNPDDPLV
PEIARIYKTDRDKYNRISREWTQKYAM

Enzyme 44 Number of Residues

147

Enzyme 44 Molecular Weight

16687.0

Enzyme 44 Theoretical pI

7.95

Enzyme 44 GO Classification

Function
acid-amino acid ligase activity catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds small conjugating protein ligase activity
Process
biological regulation macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule modification metabolic process post-translational protein modification protein modification process regulation of biological process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of metabolic process regulation of protein metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 44 General Function

Involved in acid-amino acid ligase activity

Enzyme 44 Specific Function

Accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. In vitro catalyzes 'Lys- 11'-, as well as 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination. Cooperates with the E2 CDC34 and the SCF(FBXW11) E3 ligase complex for the polyubiquitination of NFKBIA leading to its subsequent proteasomal degradation. Acts as an initiator E2, priming the phosphorylated NFKBIA target at positions 'Lys-21' and/or 'Lys-22' with a monoubiquitin. Ubiquitin chain elongation is then performed by CDC34, building ubiquitin chains from the UBE2D3-primed NFKBIA- linked ubiquitin. Acts also as an initiator E2, in conjunction with RNF8, for the priming of PCNA. Monoubiquitination of PCNA, and its subsequent polyubiquitination, are essential events in the operation of the DNA damage tolerance (DDT) pathway that is activated after DNA damage caused by UV or chemical agents during S-phase. Associates with the BRCA1/BARD1 E3 ligase complex to perform ubiquitination at DNA damage sites following ionizing radiation leading to DNA repair. Targets DAPK3 for ubiquitination which influences promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear body (PML- NB) formation in the nucleus. In conjunction with the MDM2 and TOPORS E3 ligases, functions ubiquitination of p53/TP53. Supports NRDP1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of ERBB3 and of BRUCE which triggers apoptosis. In conjunction with the CBL E3 ligase, targets EGFR for polyubiquitination at the plasma membrane as well as during its internalization and transport on endosomes. In conjunction with the STUB1 E3 quality control E3 ligase, ubiquitinates unfolded proteins to catalyze their immediate destruction

Enzyme 44 Pathways

Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis (map04120 )

Enzyme 44 Reactions

ATP + ubiquitin + protein lysine = AMP + diphosphate + protein N-ubiquityllysine [RN:R03876]

Enzyme 44 Pfam Domain Function

UQ_con (PF00179 )

Enzyme 44 Signals

None

Enzyme 44 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 44 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 44 GenBank ID Protein

4507777

Enzyme 44 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P61077

Enzyme 44 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

UB2D3_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 44 PDB ID

1X23

Enzyme 44 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 44 3D Structure

Enzyme 44 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 44 Gene Sequence

>444 bp

ATGGCGCTGAAACGGATTAATAAGGAACTTAGTGATTTGGCCCGTGACCCTCCAGCACAA
TGTTCTGCAGGTCCAGTTGGGGATGATATGTTTCATTGGCAAGCCACAATTATGGGACCT
AATGACAGCCCATATCAAGGCGGTGTATTCTTTTTGACAATTCATTTTCCTACAGACTAC
CCCTTCAAACCACCTAAGGTTGCATTTACAACAAGAATTTATCATCCAAATATTAACAGT
AATGGCAGCATTTGTCTCGATATTCTAAGATCACAGTGGTCGCCTGCTTTAACAATTTCT
AAAGTTCTTTTATCCATTTGTTCACTGCTATGTGATCCAAACCCAGATGACCCCCTAGTG
CCAGAGATTGCACGGATCTATAAAACAGACAGAGATAAGTACAACAGAATATCTCGGGAA
TGGACTCAGAAGTATGCCATGTGA

Enzyme 44 GenBank Gene ID

NM_003340.5 Link Image

Enzyme 44 GeneCard ID

UBE2D3

Enzyme 44 GenAtlas ID

UBE2D3

Enzyme 44 HGNC ID

HGNC:12476 Link Image

Enzyme 44 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 44 Locus

4q24

Enzyme 44 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 44 General References

Jensen JP, Bates PW, Yang M, Vierstra RD, Weissman AM: Identification of a family of closely related human ubiquitin conjugating enzymes. J Biol Chem. 1995 Dec 22;270(51):30408-14. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Pepin KH, Minx P, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Kremitzki C, Oddy L, Du H, Sun H, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Carter J, Cordes M, Harris A, Isak A, van Brunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Abbott S, Armstrong J, Belter EA, Caruso L, Cedroni M, Cotton M, Davidson T, Desai A, Elliott G, Erb T, Fronick C, Gaige T, Haakenson W, Haglund K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Kim K, Kruchowski SS, Strong CM, Grewal N, Goyea E, Hou S, Levy A, Martinka S, Mead K, McLellan MD, Meyer R, Randall-Maher J, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Shah N, Swearengen-Shahid S, Snider J, Strong JT, Thompson J, Yoakum M, Leonard S, Pearman C, Trani L, Radionenko M, Waligorski JE, Wang C, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Maupin R, Latreille P, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Pohl C, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Berkowicz N, Nelson JO, Osborne J, Ding L, Meyer R, Sabo A, Shotland Y, Sinha P, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Jones TA, She X, Ciccarelli FD, Izaurralde E, Taylor J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Cox DR, Huang X, McPherson JD, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Warren WC, Chinwalla AT, Eddy SR, Marra MA, Ovcharenko I, Furey TS, Miller W, Eichler EE, Bork P, Suyama M, Torrents D, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. Nature. 2005 Apr 7;434(7034):724-31. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Gonen H, Bercovich B, Orian A, Carrano A, Takizawa C, Yamanaka K, Pagano M, Iwai K, Ciechanover A: Identification of the ubiquitin carrier proteins, E2s, involved in signal-induced conjugation and subsequent degradation of IkappaBalpha. J Biol Chem. 1999 May 21;274(21):14823-30. [PubMed ]
Murata S, Minami Y, Minami M, Chiba T, Tanaka K: CHIP is a chaperone-dependent E3 ligase that ubiquitylates unfolded protein. EMBO Rep. 2001 Dec;2(12):1133-8. Epub 2001 Nov 21. [PubMed ]
Yogosawa S, Miyauchi Y, Honda R, Tanaka H, Yasuda H: Mammalian Numb is a target protein of Mdm2, ubiquitin ligase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Mar 21;302(4):869-72. [PubMed ]
Rajendra R, Malegaonkar D, Pungaliya P, Marshall H, Rasheed Z, Brownell J, Liu LF, Lutzker S, Saleem A, Rubin EH: Topors functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase with specific E2 enzymes and ubiquitinates p53. J Biol Chem. 2004 Aug 27;279(35):36440-4. Epub 2004 Jul 9. [PubMed ]
Saville MK, Sparks A, Xirodimas DP, Wardrop J, Stevenson LF, Bourdon JC, Woods YL, Lane DP: Regulation of p53 by the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UbcH5B/C in vivo. J Biol Chem. 2004 Oct 1;279(40):42169-81. Epub 2004 Jul 26. [PubMed ]
Huang J, Huang Q, Zhou X, Shen MM, Yen A, Yu SX, Dong G, Qu K, Huang P, Anderson EM, Daniel-Issakani S, Buller RM, Payan DG, Lu HH: The poxvirus p28 virulence factor is an E3 ubiquitin ligase. J Biol Chem. 2004 Dec 24;279(52):54110-6. Epub 2004 Oct 20. [PubMed ]
Polanowska J, Martin JS, Garcia-Muse T, Petalcorin MI, Boulton SJ: A conserved pathway to activate BRCA1-dependent ubiquitylation at DNA damage sites. EMBO J. 2006 May 17;25(10):2178-88. Epub 2006 Apr 20. [PubMed ]
Ohbayashi N, Okada K, Kawakami S, Togi S, Sato N, Ikeda O, Kamitani S, Muromoto R, Sekine Y, Kawai T, Akira S, Matsuda T: Physical and functional interactions between ZIP kinase and UbcH5. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Aug 8;372(4):708-12. Epub 2008 Jun 2. [PubMed ]
Zhang S, Chea J, Meng X, Zhou Y, Lee EY, Lee MY: PCNA is ubiquitinated by RNF8. Cell Cycle. 2008 Nov 1;7(21):3399-404. [PubMed ]
Umebayashi K, Stenmark H, Yoshimori T: Ubc4/5 and c-Cbl continue to ubiquitinate EGF receptor after internalization to facilitate polyubiquitination and degradation. Mol Biol Cell. 2008 Aug;19(8):3454-62. Epub 2008 May 28. [PubMed ]
Saha A, Deshaies RJ: Multimodal activation of the ubiquitin ligase SCF by Nedd8 conjugation. Mol Cell. 2008 Oct 10;32(1):21-31. [PubMed ]
Kubori T, Hyakutake A, Nagai H: Legionella translocates an E3 ubiquitin ligase that has multiple U-boxes with distinct functions. Mol Microbiol. 2008 Mar;67(6):1307-19. Epub 2008 Feb 13. [PubMed ]
David Y, Ziv T, Admon A, Navon A: The E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes direct polyubiquitination to preferred lysines. J Biol Chem. 2010 Mar 19;285(12):8595-604. Epub 2010 Jan 8. [PubMed ]
Wu K, Kovacev J, Pan ZQ: Priming and extending: a UbcH5/Cdc34 E2 handoff mechanism for polyubiquitination on a SCF substrate. Mol Cell. 2010 Mar 26;37(6):784-96. [PubMed ]
Brzovic PS, Lissounov A, Christensen DE, Hoyt DW, Klevit RE: A UbcH5/ubiquitin noncovalent complex is required for processive BRCA1-directed ubiquitination. Mol Cell. 2006 Mar 17;21(6):873-80. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 44 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 45 [top]

Enzyme 45 ID

5883

Enzyme 45 Name

Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic

Enzyme 45 Synonyms

Asparagine--tRNA ligase
AsnRS

Enzyme 45 Gene Name

NARS

Enzyme 45 Protein Sequence

>Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic

MVLAELYVSDREGSDATGDGTKEKPFKTGLKALMTVGKEPFPTIYVDSQKENERWNVISK
SQLKNIKKMWHREQMKSESREKKEAEDSLRREKNLEEAKKITIKNDPSLPEPKCVKIGAL
EGYRGQRVKVFGWVHRLRRQGKNLMFLVLRDGTGYLQCVLADELCQCYNGVLLSTESSVA
VYGMLNLTPKGKQAPGGHELSCDFWELIGLAPAGGADNLINEESDVDVQLNNRHMMIRGE
NMSKILKARSMVTRCFRDHFFDRGYYEVTPPTLVQTQVEGGATLFKLDYFGEEAFLTQSS
QLYLETCLPALGDVFCIAQSYRAEQSRTRRHLAEYTHVEAECPFLTFDDLLNRLEDLVCD
VVDRILKSPAGSIVHELNPNFQPPKRPFKRMNYSDAIVWLKEHDVKKEDGTFYEFGEDIP
EAPERLMTDTINEPILLCRFPVEIKSFYMQRCPEDSRLTESVDVLMPNVGEIVGGSMRIF
DSEEILAGYKREGIDPTPYYWYTDQRKYGTCPHGGYGLGLERFLTWILNRYHIRDVCLYP
RFVQRCTP

Enzyme 45 Number of Residues

548

Enzyme 45 Molecular Weight

62942.4

Enzyme 45 Theoretical pI

6.17

Enzyme 45 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity asparagine-tRNA ligase activity aspartate-tRNA ligase activity binding catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds nucleic acid binding nucleoside binding nucleotide binding purine nucleoside binding
Process
RNA metabolic process asparaginyl-tRNA aminoacylation aspartyl-tRNA aminoacylation biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process ncRNA metabolic process tRNA aminoacylation tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation tRNA metabolic process translation
Component
cell part cytoplasm intracellular part

Enzyme 45 General Function

Involved in nucleotide binding

Enzyme 45 Specific Function

ATP + L-asparagine + tRNA(Asn) = AMP + diphosphate + L-asparaginyl-tRNA(Asn)

Enzyme 45 Pathways

Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (map00970 )

Enzyme 45 Reactions

ATP + L-asparagine + tRNAAsn = AMP + diphosphate + L-asparaginyl-tRNAAsn [RN:R03648]

Enzyme 45 Pfam Domain Function

tRNA-synt_2 (PF00152 )
tRNA_anti (PF01336 )

Enzyme 45 Signals

None

Enzyme 45 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 45 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 45 GenBank ID Protein

2764505

Enzyme 45 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

O43776

Enzyme 45 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

SYNC_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 45 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 45 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 45 Gene Sequence

>1647 bp

ATGGTGCTAGCAGAGCTGTACGTCTCTGACCGAGAGGGAAGCGATGCCACGGGAGATGGA
ACCAAGGAGAAACCATTTAAAACAGGTCTAAAGGCTTTGATGACAGTAGGGAAAGAACCA
TTTCCTACCATTTACGTAGATTCACAAAAAGAAAATGAGAGGTGGAATGTTATTTCTAAA
TCACAGTTGAAGAACATTAAAAAGATGTGGCATAGGGAACAAATGAAGAGTGAATCCCGG
GAAAAGAAAGAGGCAGAAGATAGTTTACGAAGAGAAAAGAACCTGGAAGAAGCAAAGAAG
ATTACCATTAAAAATGATCCAAGTCTCCCAGAGCCAAAATGTGTGAAGATTGGTGCGTTA
GAAGGATATAGAGGCCAAAGAGTAAAGGTGTTTGGCTGGGTCCACAGGCTGCGCAGGCAA
GGAAAGAATTTAATGTTTCTGGTGTTGCGAGATGGTACAGGTTATCTTCAGTGTGTCTTG
GCGGATGAGTTGTGTCAGTGCTACAATGGAGTTCTCTTGTCCACGGAGAGCAGTGTTGCA
GTGTATGGAATGCTAAATCTTACCCCAAAGGGCAAGCAGGCTCCAGGTGGCCATGAGCTG
AGTTGTGACTTCTGGGAACTAATTGGGTTGGCCCCTGCTGGAGGAGCTGACAACCTGATC
AATGAGGAGTCTGACGTTGATGTCCAGCTCAACAACAGACACATGATGATCCGAGGAGAA
AACATGTCCAAAATCCTAAAAGCACGATCCATGGTCACCAGGTGCTTTAGAGATCACTTC
TTTGATAGGGGGTACTATGAAGTTACTCCTCCAACATTAGTGCAAACACAAGTAGAAGGT
GGTGCCACACTCTTCAAGCTTGACTATTTTGGGGAAGAGGCATTTTTGACTCAATCCTCT
CAGTTGTACTTGGAGACCTGCCTCCCAGCCCTGGGAGATGTTTTTTGTATTGCTCAGTCA
TACCGGGCAGAGCAGTCCAGAACACGAAGGCACCTGGCTGAGTACACTCACGTGGAAGCT
GAGTGTCCTTTCCTGACTTTTGACGACCTCCTGAACCGGTTGGAGGACTTGGTTTGTGAT
GTGGTAGATCGAATATTGAAGTCACCTGCAGGGAGCATAGTGCATGAGCTCAACCCGAAC
TTTCAGCCCCCCAAACGGCCTTTCAAACGGATGAACTATTCAGATGCTATCGTTTGGCTA
AAAGAACATGATGTAAAGAAAGAAGATGGAACTTTCTATGAATTTGGAGAAGATATCCCA
GAAGCTCCTGAGAGACTGATGACAGACACCATTAATGAACCAATCTTGCTGTGTCGATTT
CCTGTGGAGATCAAGTCCTTCTACATGCAGCGATGTCCTGAGGATTCCCGTCTTACTGAA
TCTGTCGACGTGTTGATGCCCAATGTTGGTGAGATTGTGGGAGGCTCAATGCGTATCTTT
GATAGTGAAGAAATACTGGCAGGTTATAAAAGGGAAGGGATTGACCCCACTCCCTATTAC
TGGTATACGGATCAGAGAAAATACGGTACATGTCCCCATGGAGGATATGGCTTGGGCTTG
GAACGATTCTTAACGTGGATTCTGAATAGGTATCACATCCGAGACGTGTGCTTATACCCT
CGATTTGTCCAGCGTTGCACGCCATAA

Enzyme 45 GenBank Gene ID

AJ000334

Enzyme 45 GeneCard ID

NARS

Enzyme 45 GenAtlas ID

NARS

Enzyme 45 HGNC ID

HGNC:7643

Enzyme 45 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 45 Locus

18q21.31

Enzyme 45 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 45 General References

Beaulande M, Tarbouriech N, Hartlein M: Human cytosolic asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase: cDNA sequence, functional expression in Escherichia coli and characterization as human autoantigen. Nucleic Acids Res. 1998 Jan 15;26(2):521-4. [PubMed ]
Shiba K, Motegi H, Yoshida M, Noda T: Human asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase: molecular cloning and the inference of the evolutionary history of Asx-tRNA synthetase family. Nucleic Acids Res. 1998 Nov 15;26(22):5045-51. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Xu G, Shin SB, Jaffrey SR: Global profiling of protease cleavage sites by chemoselective labeling of protein N-termini. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Nov 17;106(46):19310-5. Epub 2009 Nov 5. [PubMed ]
Yu LR, Zhu Z, Chan KC, Issaq HJ, Dimitrov DS, Veenstra TD: Improved titanium dioxide enrichment of phosphopeptides from HeLa cells and high confident phosphopeptide identification by cross-validation of MS/MS and MS/MS/MS spectra. J Proteome Res. 2007 Nov;6(11):4150-62. Epub 2007 Oct 9. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 45 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 46 [top]

Enzyme 46 ID

5885

Enzyme 46 Name

Lysyl-tRNA synthetase

Enzyme 46 Synonyms

Lysine--tRNA ligase
LysRS

Enzyme 46 Gene Name

KARS

Enzyme 46 Protein Sequence

>Lysyl-tRNA synthetase

MAAVQAAEVKVDGSEPKLSKNELKRRLKAEKKVAEKEAKQKELSEKQLSQATAAATNHTT
DNGVGPEEESVDPNQYYKIRSQAIHQLKVNGEDPYPHKFHVDISLTDFIQKYSHLQPGDH
LTDITLKVAGRIHAKRASGGKLIFYDLRGEGVKLQVMANSRNYKSEEEFIHINNKLRRGD
IIGVQGNPGKTKKGELSIIPYEITLLSPCLHMLPHLHFGLKDKETRYRQRYLDLILNDFV
RQKFIIRSKIITYIRSFLDELGFLEIETPMMNIIPGGAVAKPFITYHNELDMNLYMRIAP
ELYHKMLVVGGIDRVYEIGRQFRNEGIDLTHNPEFTTCEFYMAYADYHDLMEITEKMVSG
MVKHITGSYKVTYHPDGPEGQAYDVDFTPPFRRINMVEELEKALGMKLPETNLFETEETR
KILDDICVAKAVECPPPRTTARLLDKLVGEFLEVTCINPTFICDHPQIMSPLAKWHRSKE
GLTERFELFVMKKEICNAYTELNDPMRQRQLFEEQAKAKAAGDDEAMFIDENFCTALEYG
LPPTAGWGMGIDRVAMFLTDSNNIKEVLLFPAMKPEDKKENVATTDTLESTTVGTSV

Enzyme 46 Number of Residues

597

Enzyme 46 Molecular Weight

68047.5

Enzyme 46 Theoretical pI

6.31

Enzyme 46 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity binding catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds lysine-tRNA ligase activity nucleic acid binding nucleoside binding nucleotide binding purine nucleoside binding
Process
RNA metabolic process biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule metabolic process lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process ncRNA metabolic process tRNA aminoacylation tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation tRNA metabolic process translation
Component
cell part cytoplasm intracellular part

Enzyme 46 General Function

Involved in nucleotide binding

Enzyme 46 Specific Function

Catalyzes the specific attachment of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in a 2 step reaction:the amino acid (AA) is first activated by ATP to form AA-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of the tRNA. When secreted, acts as a signaling molecule that induces immune response through the activation of monocyte/macrophages. Catalyzes the synthesis of diadenosine oligophosphate (Ap4A), a signaling molecule involved in the activation of MITF transcriptional activity. Interacts with HIV-1 virus GAG protein, facilitating the selective packaging of tRNA(3)(Lys), the primer for reverse transcription initiation

Enzyme 46 Pathways

Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (map00970 )
Lysine Biosynthesis (map00300 )

Enzyme 46 Reactions

ATP + L-lysine + tRNALys = AMP + diphosphate + L-lysyl-tRNALys [RN:R03658]

Enzyme 46 Pfam Domain Function

tRNA-synt_2 (PF00152 )
tRNA_anti (PF01336 )

Enzyme 46 Signals

None

Enzyme 46 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 46 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 46 GenBank ID Protein

5031815

Enzyme 46 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q15046

Enzyme 46 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

SYK_HUMAN

Enzyme 46 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 46 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 46 Gene Sequence

>1794 bp

ATGGCGGCCGTGCAGGCGGCCGAGGTGAAAGTGGATGGCAGCGAGCCGAAACTGAGCAAG
AATGAGCTGAAGAGACGCCTGAAAGCTGAGAAGAAAGTAGCAGAGAAGGAGGCCAAACAG
AAAGAGCTCAGTGAGAAACAGCTAAGCCAAGCCACTGCTGCTGCCACCAACCACACCACT
GATAATGGTGTGGGTCCTGAGGAAGAGAGCGTGGACCCAAATCAATACTACAAAATCCGC
AGTCAAGCAATTCATCAGCTGAAGGTCAATGGGGAAGACCCATACCCACACAAGTTCCAT
GTAGACATCTCACTCACTGACTTCATCCAAAAATATAGTCACCTGCAGCCTGGGGATCAC
CTGACTGACATCACCTTAAAGGTGGCAGGTAGGATCCATGCCAAAAGAGCTTCTGGGGGA
AAGCTCATCTTCTATGATCTTCGAGGAGAGGGGGTGAAGTTGCAAGTCATGGCCAATTCC
AGAAATTATAAATCAGAAGAAGAATTTATTCATATTAATAACAAACTGCGTCGGGGAGAC
ATAATTGGAGTTCAGGGGAATCCTGGTAAAACCAAGAAGGGTGAGCTGAGCATCATTCCG
TATGAGATCACACTGCTGTCTCCCTGTTTGCATATGTTACCTCATCTTCACTTTGGCCTC
AAAGACAAGGAAACAAGGTATCGCCAGAGATACTTGGACTTGATCCTGAATGACTTTGTG
AGGCAGAAATTTATCATCCGCTCTAAGATCATCACATATATAAGAAGTTTCTTAGATGAG
CTGGGATTCCTAGAGATTGAAACTCCCATGATGAACATCATCCCAGGGGGAGCCGTGGCC
AAGCCTTTCATCACTTATCACAACGAGCTGGACATGAACTTATATATGAGAATTGCTCCA
GAACTCTATCATAAGATGCTTGTGGTTGGTGGCATCGACCGGGTTTATGAAATTGGACGC
CAGTTCCGGAATGAGGGGATTGATTTGACGCACAATCCTGAGTTCACCACCTGTGAGTTC
TACATGGCCTATGCAGACTATCACGATCTCATGGAAATCACGGAGAAGATGGTTTCAGGG
ATGGTGAAGCATATTACAGGCAGTTACAAGGTCACCTACCACCCAGATGGCCCAGAGGGC
CAAGCCTACGATGTTGACTTCACCCCACCCTTCCGGCGAATCAACATGGTAGAAGAGCTT
GAGAAAGCCCTGGGGATGAAGCTGCCAGAAACGAACCTCTTTGAAACTGAAGAAACTCGC
AAAATTCTTGATGATATCTGTGTGGCAAAAGCTGTTGAATGCCCTCCACCTCGGACCACA
GCCAGGCTCCTTGACAAGCTTGTTGGGGAGTTCCTGGAAGTGACTTGCATCAATCCTACA
TTCATCTGTGATCACCCACAGATAATGAGCCCTTTGGCTAAATGGCACCGCTCTAAAGAG
GGTCTGACTGAGCGCTTTGAGCTGTTTGTCATGAAGAAAGAGATATGCAATGCGTATACT
GAGCTGAATGATCCCATGCGGCAGCGGCAGCTTTTTGAAGAACAGGCCAAGGCCAAGGCT
GCAGGTGATGATGAGGCCATGTTCATAGATGAAAACTTCTGTACTGCCCTGGAATATGGG
CTGCCCCCCACAGCTGGCTGGGGCATGGGCATTGATCGAGTCGCCATGTTTCTCACGGAC
TCCAACAACATCAAGGAAGTACTTCTGTTTCCTGCCATGAAACCCGAAGACAAGAAGGAG
AATGTAGCAACCACTGATACACTGGAAAGCACAACAGTTGGCACTTCTGTCTAG

Enzyme 46 GenBank Gene ID

NM_005548.2 Link Image

Enzyme 46 GeneCard ID

KARS

Enzyme 46 GenAtlas ID

KARS

Enzyme 46 HGNC ID

HGNC:6215

Enzyme 46 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 46 Locus

16q23.1

Enzyme 46 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 46 General References

Shiba K, Stello T, Motegi H, Noda T, Musier-Forsyth K, Schimmel P: Human lysyl-tRNA synthetase accepts nucleotide 73 variants and rescues Escherichia coli double-defective mutant. J Biol Chem. 1997 Sep 5;272(36):22809-16. [PubMed ]
Tolkunova E, Park H, Xia J, King MP, Davidson E: The human lysyl-tRNA synthetase gene encodes both the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial enzymes by means of an unusual alternative splicing of the primary transcript. J Biol Chem. 2000 Nov 10;275(45):35063-9. [PubMed ]
Nomura N, Nagase T, Miyajima N, Sazuka T, Tanaka A, Sato S, Seki N, Kawarabayasi Y, Ishikawa K, Tabata S: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. II. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0041-KIAA0080) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human cell line KG-1. DNA Res. 1994;1(5):223-9. [PubMed ]
Martin J, Han C, Gordon LA, Terry A, Prabhakar S, She X, Xie G, Hellsten U, Chan YM, Altherr M, Couronne O, Aerts A, Bajorek E, Black S, Blumer H, Branscomb E, Brown NC, Bruno WJ, Buckingham JM, Callen DF, Campbell CS, Campbell ML, Campbell EW, Caoile C, Challacombe JF, Chasteen LA, Chertkov O, Chi HC, Christensen M, Clark LM, Cohn JD, Denys M, Detter JC, Dickson M, Dimitrijevic-Bussod M, Escobar J, Fawcett JJ, Flowers D, Fotopulos D, Glavina T, Gomez M, Gonzales E, Goodstein D, Goodwin LA, Grady DL, Grigoriev I, Groza M, Hammon N, Hawkins T, Haydu L, Hildebrand CE, Huang W, Israni S, Jett J, Jewett PB, Kadner K, Kimball H, Kobayashi A, Krawczyk MC, Leyba T, Longmire JL, Lopez F, Lou Y, Lowry S, Ludeman T, Manohar CF, Mark GA, McMurray KL, Meincke LJ, Morgan J, Moyzis RK, Mundt MO, Munk AC, Nandkeshwar RD, Pitluck S, Pollard M, Predki P, Parson-Quintana B, Ramirez L, Rash S, Retterer J, Ricke DO, Robinson DL, Rodriguez A, Salamov A, Saunders EH, Scott D, Shough T, Stallings RL, Stalvey M, Sutherland RD, Tapia R, Tesmer JG, Thayer N, Thompson LS, Tice H, Torney DC, Tran-Gyamfi M, Tsai M, Ulanovsky LE, Ustaszewska A, Vo N, White PS, Williams AL, Wills PL, Wu JR, Wu K, Yang J, Dejong P, Bruce D, Doggett NA, Deaven L, Schmutz J, Grimwood J, Richardson P, Rokhsar DS, Eichler EE, Gilna P, Lucas SM, Myers RM, Rubin EM, Pennacchio LA: The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16. Nature. 2004 Dec 23;432(7020):988-94. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Zamecnik PC, Stephenson ML, Janeway CM, Randerath K: Enzymatic synthesis of diadenosine tetraphosphate and diadenosine triphosphate with a purified lysyl-sRNA synthetase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1966 Jul 6;24(1):91-7. [PubMed ]
Quevillon S, Robinson JC, Berthonneau E, Siatecka M, Mirande M: Macromolecular assemblage of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases: identification of protein-protein interactions and characterization of a core protein. J Mol Biol. 1999 Jan 8;285(1):183-95. [PubMed ]
Tan M, Wei C, Price CM: The telomeric protein Rap1 is conserved in vertebrates and is expressed from a bidirectional promoter positioned between the Rap1 and KARS genes. Gene. 2003 Dec 24;323:1-10. [PubMed ]
Lee YN, Nechushtan H, Figov N, Razin E: The function of lysyl-tRNA synthetase and Ap4A as signaling regulators of MITF activity in FcepsilonRI-activated mast cells. Immunity. 2004 Feb;20(2):145-51. [PubMed ]
Javanbakht H, Halwani R, Cen S, Saadatmand J, Musier-Forsyth K, Gottlinger H, Kleiman L: The interaction between HIV-1 Gag and human lysyl-tRNA synthetase during viral assembly. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jul 25;278(30):27644-51. Epub 2003 May 19. [PubMed ]
Halwani R, Cen S, Javanbakht H, Saadatmand J, Kim S, Shiba K, Kleiman L: Cellular distribution of Lysyl-tRNA synthetase and its interaction with Gag during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 assembly. J Virol. 2004 Jul;78(14):7553-64. [PubMed ]
Park SG, Kim HJ, Min YH, Choi EC, Shin YK, Park BJ, Lee SW, Kim S: Human lysyl-tRNA synthetase is secreted to trigger proinflammatory response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 May 3;102(18):6356-61. Epub 2005 Apr 25. [PubMed ]
Guzzo CM, Yang DC: Lysyl-tRNA synthetase interacts with EF1alpha, aspartyl-tRNA synthetase and p38 in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Jan 25;365(4):718-23. Epub 2007 Nov 20. [PubMed ]
Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
Guo M, Ignatov M, Musier-Forsyth K, Schimmel P, Yang XL: Crystal structure of tetrameric form of human lysyl-tRNA synthetase: Implications for multisynthetase complex formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Feb 19;105(7):2331-6. Epub 2008 Feb 13. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 46 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 47 [top]

Enzyme 47 ID

5886

Enzyme 47 Name

Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic

Enzyme 47 Synonyms

Isoleucine--tRNA ligase
IRS
IleRS

Enzyme 47 Gene Name

IARS

Enzyme 47 Protein Sequence

>Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic

MLQQVPENINFPAEEEKILEFWTEFNCFQECLKQSKHKPKFTFYDGPPFATGLPHYGHIL
AGTIKDIVTRYAHQSGFHVDRRFGWDCHGLPVEYEIDKTLGIRGPEDVAKMGITEYNNQC
RAIVMRYSAEWKSTVSRLGRWIDFDNDYKTLYPQFMESVWWVFKQLYDKGLVYRGVKVMP
FSTACNTPLSNFESHQNYKDVQDPSVFVTFPLEEDETVSLVAWTTTPWTLPSNLAVCVNP
EMQYVKIKDVARGRLLILMEARLSALYKLESDYEILERFPGAYLKGKKYRPLFDYFLKCK
ENGAFTVLVDNYVKEEEGTGVVHQAPYFGAEDYRVCMDFNIIRKDSLPVCPVDASGCFTT
EVTDFAGQYVKDADKSIIRTLKEQGRLLVATTFTHSYPFCWRSDTPLIYKAVPSWFVRVE
NMVDQLLRNNDLCYWVPELVREKRFGNWLKDARDWTISRNRYWGTPIPLWVSDDFEEVVC
IGSVAELEELSGAKISDLHRESVDHLTIPSRCGKGSLHRISEVFDCWFESGSMPYAQVHY
PFENKREFEDAFPADFIAEGIDQTRGWFYTLLVLATALFGQPPFKNVIVNGLVLASDGQK
MSKRKKNYPDPVSIIQKYGADALRLYLINSPVVRAENLRFKEEGVRDVLKDVLLPWYNAY
RFLIQNVLRLQKEEEIEFLYNENTVRESPNITDRWILSFMQSLIGFFETEMAAYRLYTVV
PRLVKFVDILTNWYVRMNRRRLKGENGMEDCVMALETLFSVLLSLCRLMAPYTPFLTELM
YQNLKVLIDPVSVQDKDTLSIHYLMLPRVREELIDKKTESAVSQMQSVIELGRVIRDRKT
IPIKYPLKEIVVIHQDPEALKDIKSLEKYIIEELNVRKVTLSTDKNKYGIRLRAEPDHMV
LGKRLKGAFKAVMTSIKQLSSEELEQFQKTGTIVVEGHELHDEDIRLMYTFDQATGGTAQ
FEAHSDAQALVLLDVTPDQSMVDEGMAREVINRIQKLRKKCNLVPTDEITVYYKAKSEGT
YLNSVIESHTEFIFTTIKAPLKPYPVSPSDKVLIQEKTQLKGSELEITLTRGSSLPGPAC
AYVNLNICANGSEQGGVLLLENPKGDNRLDLLKLKSVVTSIFGVKNTELAVFHDETEIQN
QTDLLSLSGKTLCVTAGSAPSLINSSSTLLCQYINLQLLNAKPQECLMGTVGTLLLENPL
GQNGLTHQGLLYEAAKVFGLRSRKLKLFLNETQTQEITEDIPVKTLNMKTVYVSVLPTTA
DF

Enzyme 47 Number of Residues

1262

Enzyme 47 Molecular Weight

144496.9

Enzyme 47 Theoretical pI

6.03

Enzyme 47 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity binding catalytic activity isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds nucleoside binding nucleotide binding purine nucleoside binding
Process
RNA metabolic process biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule metabolic process isoleucyl-tRNA aminoacylation macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process ncRNA metabolic process tRNA aminoacylation tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation tRNA metabolic process translation
Component
cell part cytoplasm intracellular part

Enzyme 47 General Function

Involved in nucleotide binding

Enzyme 47 Specific Function

ATP + L-isoleucine + tRNA(Ile) = AMP + diphosphate + L-isoleucyl-tRNA(Ile)

Enzyme 47 Pathways

Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (map00970 )

Enzyme 47 Reactions

ATP + L-isoleucine + tRNAIle = AMP + diphosphate + L-isoleucyl-tRNAIle [RN:R03656]

Enzyme 47 Pfam Domain Function

Anticodon_1 (PF08264 )
tRNA-synt_1 (PF00133 )

Enzyme 47 Signals

None

Enzyme 47 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 47 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 47 GenBank ID Protein

158259489

Enzyme 47 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P41252

Enzyme 47 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

SYIC_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 47 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 47 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 47 Gene Sequence

>3789 bp

ATGCTTCAACAAGTTCCAGAAAACATAAATTTTCCTGCTGAAGAAGAGAAAATCTTGGAG
TTTTGGACTGAATTTAATTGTTTTCAGGAATGCTTAAAGCAATCAAAACATAAACCAAAA
TTTACCTTCTATGATGGTCCTCCTTTTGCAACTGGACTGCCTCACTATGGACATATACTT
GCGGGTACAATTAAAGATATAGTTACAAGATATGCTCACCAGAGTGGGTTTCATGTTGAC
AGAAGATTTGGATGGGATTGCCATGGCTTACCTGTGGAATATGAAATTGATAAGACACTG
GGAATCAGAGGACCAGAGGATGTGGCCAAAATGGGGATTACAGAGTATAACAATCAGTGC
CGAGCAATTGTGATGAGATATTCTGCTGAGTGGAAGTCTACTGTTAGCAGACTTGGCCGA
TGGATTGACTTTGACAATGACTATAAAACTCTGTATCCACAATTCATGGAATCAGTCTGG
TGGGTCTTCAAACAACTCTATGATAAAGGCCTTGTTTATAGAGGTGTGAAAGTCATGCCC
TTCTCTACGGCATGTAACACTCCACTTTCCAACTTCGAGTCACACCAGAATTATAAGGAT
GTTCAAGATCCTTCAGTATTTGTAACTTTCCCTTTGGAAGAAGATGAAACTGTATCTTTA
GTTGCTTGGACAACCACTCCCTGGACTCTACCTAGTAACCTTGCTGTGTGTGTTAATCCA
GAAATGCAATATGTGAAAATTAAAGATGTTGCCAGAGGACGATTACTCATTTTAATGGAA
GCCAGATTGTCAGCCCTCTATAAATTGGAGAGTGACTATGAGATCCTTGAAAGATTTCCT
GGTGCCTATCTTAAAGGCAAGAAGTACAGGCCCCTGTTTGACTATTTCCTGAAGTGTAAA
GAGAATGGCGCTTTCACTGTGCTTGTTGACAACTATGTGAAGGAAGAAGAAGGCACAGGG
GTTGTCCACCAAGCTCCTTACTTCGGTGCTGAGGACTATCGGGTCTGTATGGACTTTAAC
ATTATTCGGAAAGACTCACTCCCTGTTTGCCCTGTGGATGCTTCAGGCTGCTTCACAACG
GAGGTGACAGATTTCGCAGGACAGTATGTGAAGGATGCTGACAAAAGTATCATCAGGACT
TTGAAGGAACAAGGCCGACTTCTGGTTGCCACCACCTTCACTCACAGCTACCCTTTTTGC
TGGAGATCAGACACTCCTCTAATTTACAAAGCAGTGCCCAGCTGGTTTGTGCGAGTGGAG
AACATGGTGGACCAGCTCCTAAGGAACAATGACCTGTGCTACTGGGTCCCAGAGTTGGTA
CGAGAAAAACGATTTGGAAATTGGCTGAAAGATGCACGTGACTGGACAATTTCCAGAAAC
AGATACTGGGGCACCCCCATCCCACTGTGGGTCAGCGATGACTTTGAGGAGGTGGTATGC
ATTGGGTCAGTGGCGGAACTTGAAGAACTGTCAGGAGCAAAGATCTCAGATCTCCACAGA
GAGAGTGTTGACCACCTGACCATTCCTTCACGCTGTGGGAAGGGATCCTTGCACCGCATC
TCTGAAGTGTTTGACTGTTGGTTTGAGAGTGGCAGCATGCCCTATGCTCAGGTTCATTAC
CCGTTTGAAAACAAGAGGGAGTTTGAGGATGCTTTTCCTGCAGATTTCATTGCCGAGGGC
ATCGACCAAACCAGAGGATGGTTTTATACCCTGCTGGTGCTGGCCACGGCCCTCTTTGGA
CAACCGCCTTTCAAGAACGTAATTGTGAATGGGCTTGTCCTGGCAAGTGATGGCCAAAAA
ATGAGCAAACGGAAAAAGAATTATCCAGATCCAGTTTCCATCATCCAGAAGTATGGTGCT
GATGCCCTCAGATTATATCTGATTAACTCCCCTGTGGTGAGAGCAGAAAACCTCCGCTTT
AAAGAAGAGGGTGTGCGGGACGTCCTTAAGGATGTACTGCTCCCATGGTACAATGCCTAT
CGCTTCTTAATCCAGAACGTTCTGAGGCTCCAGAAGGAGGAAGAAATAGAATTTCTCTAC
AATGAGAACACGGTTAGAGAAAGCCCCAACATTACAGACCGGTGGATCCTGTCCTTCATG
CAGTCTCTCATTGGCTTCTTTGAGACTGAAATGGCAGCTTATAGGCTTTATACTGTGGTG
CCTCGCCTGGTCAAGTTTGTAGATATTCTGACCAATTGGTATGTTAGAATGAACCGCAGA
AGATTAAAGGGTGAAAATGGGATGGAGGATTGTGTCATGGCCCTAGAAACCTTGTTTAGT
GTTCTGCTTTCTCTTTGCAGACTTATGGCTCCCTACACACCTTTTCTCACTGAATTGATG
TACCAGAATCTAAAGGTGCTGATTGACCCTGTTTCTGTTCAGGACAAGGACACACTCAGC
ATTCACTACCTCATGCTGCCCCGTGTTCGAGAAGAATTGATTGACAAGAAAACAGAGAGT
GCAGTATCTCAGATGCAGTCTGTGATTGAACTTGGAAGAGTGATCAGAGACCGAAAAACT
ATTCCCATAAAGTATCCTTTGAAAGAAATTGTGGTTATCCATCAAGATCCAGAAGCTCTT
AAAGATATCAAGTCTTTGGAGAAGTATATCATTGAGGAACTCAATGTTCGAAAAGTTACA
CTGTCTACAGATAAAAACAAGTATGGCATTCGGCTAAGGGCAGAACCAGATCACATGGTC
CTGGGGAAGCGTCTGAAGGGAGCCTTTAAGGCAGTGATGACGTCCATCAAGCAGTTGAGC
AGTGAGGAGCTGGAGCAGTTCCAGAAGACTGGGACCATTGTTGTGGAAGGCCATGAATTG
CACGATGAAGACATCCGCCTCATGTACACCTTTGATCAGGCCACAGGTGGGACTGCGCAA
TTTGAAGCACACTCAGATGCTCAGGCTTTGGTCCTCTTAGATGTCACTCCTGACCAGTCA
ATGGTAGATGAAGGAATGGCTCGGGAAGTCATCAATCGCATACAGAAACTTCGCAAAAAG
TGCAATCTGGTTCCAACTGATGAAATCACAGTGTACTATAAAGCAAAGTCTGAAGGAACA
TATCTGAATAGTGTTATTGAAAGCCACACAGAGTTCATATTTACCACCATAAAGGCTCCC
TTGAAACCATATCCAGTTTCTCCATCGGATAAAGTCCTTATTCAAGAAAAAACACAGTTG
AAGGGATCTGAACTGGAAATTACACTCACCAGAGGATCTTCCCTTCCTGGTCCTGCTTGT
GCATATGTCAATCTTAACATTTGTGCAAATGGCAGTGAACAAGGTGGAGTATTGCTCCTG
GAAAATCCAAAAGGTGACAATAGGTTGGACCTTTTAAAGCTGAAGAGTGTTGTCACTAGC
ATTTTTGGTGTGAAAAATACAGAGCTGGCTGTCTTCCATGATGAAACAGAAATACAAAAC
CAAACTGACTTACTGAGTCTTAGTGGAAAAACACTTTGTGTGACTGCAGGATCGGCTCCC
TCTCTGATCAACAGTTCTAGTACTCTTCTTTGTCAGTATATCAACCTACAGCTCCTGAAT
GCAAAGCCACAAGAGTGTTTAATGGGGACAGTGGGCACTCTCCTGCTTGAAAACCCACTT
GGGCAGAATGGGCTCACCCACCAAGGTCTTCTGTATGAAGCAGCCAAGGTGTTTGGCCTT
CGGAGCAGGAAGCTAAAGCTGTTTCTGAATGAGACCCAAACGCAGGAAATTACAGAAGAC
ATCCCCGTGAAGACTTTGAATATGAAGACTGTGTATGTTTCTGTGTTACCAACAACAGCA
GACTTCTAG

Enzyme 47 GenBank Gene ID

AK293014

Enzyme 47 GeneCard ID

IARS

Enzyme 47 GenAtlas ID

IARS

Enzyme 47 HGNC ID

HGNC:5330

Enzyme 47 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 47 Locus

9q21

Enzyme 47 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 47 General References

Shiba K, Suzuki N, Shigesada K, Namba Y, Schimmel P, Noda T: Human cytoplasmic isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase: selective divergence of the anticodon-binding domain and acquisition of a new structural unit. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Aug 2;91(16):7435-9. [PubMed ]
Nichols RC, Raben N, Boerkoel CF, Plotz PH: Human isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase: sequence of the cDNA, alternative mRNA splicing, and the characteristics of an unusually long C-terminal extension. Gene. 1995 Apr 3;155(2):299-304. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Bechtel S, Rosenfelder H, Duda A, Schmidt CP, Ernst U, Wellenreuther R, Mehrle A, Schuster C, Bahr A, Blocker H, Heubner D, Hoerlein A, Michel G, Wedler H, Kohrer K, Ottenwalder B, Poustka A, Wiemann S, Schupp I: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium. BMC Genomics. 2007 Oct 31;8:399. [PubMed ]
Humphray SJ, Oliver K, Hunt AR, Plumb RW, Loveland JE, Howe KL, Andrews TD, Searle S, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Jones MC, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Babbage S, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford D, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Chen Y, Clarke G, Clark SY, Clee CM, Clegg S, Collier RE, Corby N, Crosier M, Cummings AT, Davies J, Dhami P, Dunn M, Dutta I, Dyer LW, Earthrowl ME, Faulkner L, Fleming CJ, Frankish A, Frankland JA, French L, Fricker DG, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori J, Gilbert JG, Glison C, Grafham DV, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Guy J, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Harrison ES, Hart EA, Heath PD, Henderson CD, Hopkins BL, Howard PJ, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan S, Kershaw JK, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, McLaren S, McLay KE, McMurray A, Milne S, Nickerson T, Nisbett J, Nordsiek G, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Porter KM, Pandian R, Pelan S, Phillimore B, Povey S, Ramsey Y, Rand V, Scharfe M, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Sims SK, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward CA, Swarbreck D, Sycamore N, Tester J, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Thomas DW, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, Whitehead SL, Willey DL, Williams SA, Wilming L, Wray PW, Young L, Ashurst JL, Coulson A, Blocker H, Durbin R, Sulston JE, Hubbard T, Jackson MJ, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J, Dunham I: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9. Nature. 2004 May 27;429(6990):369-74. [PubMed ]
Yu LR, Zhu Z, Chan KC, Issaq HJ, Dimitrov DS, Veenstra TD: Improved titanium dioxide enrichment of phosphopeptides from HeLa cells and high confident phosphopeptide identification by cross-validation of MS/MS and MS/MS/MS spectra. J Proteome Res. 2007 Nov;6(11):4150-62. Epub 2007 Oct 9. [PubMed ]
Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]
Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 47 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 48 [top]

Enzyme 48 ID

5890

Enzyme 48 Name

Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1

Enzyme 48 Synonyms

Protein A1S9
Ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1

Enzyme 48 Gene Name

UBA1

Enzyme 48 Protein Sequence

>Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1

MSSSPLSKKRRVSGPDPKPGSNCSPAQSVLSEVPSVPTNGMAKNGSEADIDEGLYSRQLY
VLGHEAMKRLQTSSVLVSGLRGLGVEIAKNIILGGVKAVTLHDQGTAQWADLSSQFYLRE
EDIGKNRAEVSQPRLAELNSYVPVTAYTGPLVEDFLSGFQVVVLTNTPLEDQLRVGEFCH
NRGIKLVVADTRGLFGQLFCDFGEEMILTDSNGEQPLSAMVSMVTKDNPGVVTCLDEARH
GFESGDFVSFSEVQGMVELNGNQPMEIKVLGPYTFSICDTSNFSDYIRGGIVSQVKVPKK
ISFKSLVASLAEPDFVVTDFAKFSRPAQLHIGFQALHQFCAQHGRPPRPRNEEDAAELVA
LAQAVNARALPAVQQNNLDEDLIRKLAYVAAGDLAPINAFIGGLAAQEVMKACSGKFMPI
MQWLYFDALECLPEDKEVLTEDKCLQRQNRYDGQVAVFGSDLQEKLGKQKYFLVGAGAIG
CELLKNFAMIGLGCGEGGEIIVTDMDTIEKSNLNRQFLFRPWDVTKLKSDTAAAAVRQMN
PHIRVTSHQNRVGPDTERIYDDDFFQNLDGVANALDNVDARMYMDRRCVYYRKPLLESGT
LGTKGNVQVVIPFLTESYSSSQDPPEKSIPICTLKNFPNAIEHTLQWARDEFEGLFKQPA
ENVNQYLTDPKFVERTLRLAGTQPLEVLEAVQRSLVLQRPQTWADCVTWACHHWHTQYSN
NIRQLLHNFPPDQLTSSGAPFWSGPKRCPHPLTFDVNNPLHLDYVMAAANLFAQTYGLTG
SQDRAAVATFLQSVQVPEFTPKSGVKIHVSDQELQSANASVDDSRLEELKATLPSPDKLP
GFKMYPIDFEKDDDSNFHMDFIVAASNLRAENYDIPSADRHKSKLIAGKIIPAIATTTAA
VVGLVCLELYKVVQGHRQLDSYKNGFLNLALPFFGFSEPLAAPRHQYYNQEWTLWDRFEV
QGLQPNGEEMTLKQFLDYFKTEHKLEITMLSQGVSMLYSFFMPAAKLKERLDQPMTEIVS
RVSKRKLGRHVRALVLELCCNDESGEDVEVPYVRYTIR

Enzyme 48 Number of Residues

1058

Enzyme 48 Molecular Weight

117848.1

Enzyme 48 Theoretical pI

5.50

Enzyme 48 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding binding catalytic activity nucleoside binding purine nucleoside binding small protein activating enzyme activity
Process
macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule modification metabolic process protein modification process
Component
—

Enzyme 48 General Function

Involved in catalytic activity

Enzyme 48 Specific Function

Activates ubiquitin by first adenylating its C-terminal glycine residue with ATP, and thereafter linking this residue to the side chain of a cysteine residue in E1, yielding an ubiquitin- E1 thioester and free AMP

Enzyme 48 Pathways

Not Available

Enzyme 48 Reactions

Not Available

Enzyme 48 Pfam Domain Function

ThiF (PF00899 )
UBA_e1_C (PF09358 )
UBA_e1_thiolCys (PF10585 )
UBACT (PF02134 )

Enzyme 48 Signals

None

Enzyme 48 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 48 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 48 GenBank ID Protein

35830

Enzyme 48 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P22314

Enzyme 48 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

UBA1_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 48 PDB ID

1Z7L

Enzyme 48 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 48 3D Structure

Enzyme 48 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 48 Gene Sequence

>3177 bp

ATGTCCAGCTCGCCGCTGTCCAAGAAACGTCGCGTGTCCGGGCCTGATCCAAAGCCGGGT
TCTAACTGCTCCCCTGCCCAGTCCGTGTTGTCCGAAGTGCCCTCGGTGCCAACCAACGGA
ATGGCCAAGAACGGCAGTGAAGCAGACATAGACGAGGGCCTTTACTCCCGGCAGCTGTAT
GTGTTGGGCCATGAGGCAATGAAGCGGCTCCAGACATCCAGTGTCCTGGTATCAGGCCTG
CGGGGCCTGGGCGTGGAGATCGCTAAGAACATCATCCTTGGTGGGGTCAAGGCTGTTACC
CTACATGACCAGGGCACTGCCCAGTGGGCTGATCTTTCCTCCCAGTTCTACCTGCGGGAG
GAGGACATCGGTAAAAACCGGGCCGAGGTATCACAGCCCCGCCTCGCTGAGCTCAACAGC
TATGTGCCTGTCACTGCCTACACTGGACCCCTCGTTGAGGACTTCCTTAGTGGTTTCCAG
GTGGTGGTGCTCACCAACACCCCCCTGGAGGACCAGCTGCGAGTGGGTGAGTTCTGTCAC
AACCGTGGCATCAAGCTGGTGGTGGCAGGCACGCGGGGCCTGTTTGGGCAGCTCTTCTGT
GACTTTGGAGAGGAAATGATCCTCACAGATTCCAATGGGGAGCAGCCACTCAGTGCTATG
GTTTCTATGGTTACCAAGGACAACCCCGGTGTGGTTACCTGCCTGGATGAGGCCCGACAC
GGGTTTGAGAGCGGGGACTTTGTCTCCTTTTCAGAAGTACAGGGCATGGTTGAACTCAAC
GGAAATCAGCCCATGGAGATCAAAGTCCTGGGTCCTTATACCTTTAGCATCTGTGACACC
TCCAACTTCTCCGACTACATCCGTGGAGGCATCGTCAGTCAGGTCAAAGTACCTAAGAAG
ATTAGCTTTAAATCCTTGGTGGCCTCACTGGCAGAACCTGACTTTGTGGTGACGGACTTC
GCCAAGTTTTCTCGCCCTGCCCAGCTGCACATTGGCTTCCAGGCCCTGCACCAGTTCTGT
GCTCAGCATGGCCGGCCACCTCGGCCCCGCAATGAGGAGGATGCAGCAGAACTGGTAGCC
TTAGCACAGGCTGTGAATGCTCGAGCCCTGCCAGCAGTGCAGCAAAATAACCTGGACGAG
GACCTCATCCGGAAGCTGGCATATGTGGCTGCTGGGGATCTGGCACCCATAAACGCCTTC
ATTGGGGGCCTGGCTGCCCAGGAAGTCATGAAGGCCTGCTCCGGGAAGTTCATGCCCATC
ATGCAGTGGCTATACTTTGATGCCCTTGAGTGTCTCCCTCAGGACAAAGAGGTCCTCACA
GAGGACAAGTGCCTCCAGCGCCAGAACCGTTATGACGGGCAAGTGGCTGTGTTTGGCTCA
GACCTGCAAGAGAAGCTGGGCAAGCAGAAGTATTTCCTGGTGGGTGCGGGGGCCATTGGC
TGTGAGCTGCTCAAGAACTTTGCCATGATTGGGCTGGGCTGCGGGGAGGGTGGAGAAATC
ATCGTTACAGACATGGACACCATTGAGAAGTCAAATCTGAATCGACAGTTTCTTTTCCGG
CCCTGGGATGTCACGAAGTTAAAGTCTGACACGGCTGCTGCAGCTGTGCGCCAAATGAAT
CCACATATCCGGGTGACAAGCCACCAGAACCGTGTGGGTCCTGACACGGAGCGCATCTAT
GATGACGATTTTTTCCAAAACCTAGATGGCGTGGCCAATGCCCTGGACAACGTGGATGCC
CGCATGTACATGGACCGCCGCTGTGTCTACTACCGGAAGCCACTGCTGGAGTCAGGCACA
CTGGGCACCAAAGGCAATGTGCAGGTGGTGATCCCCTTCCTGACAGAGTCGTACAGTTCC
AGCCAGGACCCACCTGAGAAGTCCATCCCCATCTGTACCCTGAAGAACTTCCCTAATGCC
ATCGAGCACACCCTGCAGTGGGCTCGGGATGAGTTTGAAGGCCTCTTCAAGCAGCCAGCA
GAAAATGTCAACCAGTACCTCACAGACCCCAAGTTTGTGGAGCGAACACTGCGGCTGGCA
GGCACTCAGCCCTTGGAGGTGCTGGAGGCTGTGCAGCGCAGCCTGGTGCTGCAGCGACCA
CAGACCTGGGCTGACTGCGTGACCTGGGCCTGCCACCACTGGCACACCCAGTACTCGAAC
AACATCCGGCAGCTGCTGCACAACTTCCCTCCTGACCAGCTCACAAGCTCAGGAGCGCCG
TTCTGGTCTGGGCCCAAACGCTGTCCACACCCGCTCACCTTTGATGTCAACAATCCCCTG
CATCTGGACTATGTGATGGCTGCTGCCAACCTGTTTGCCCAGACCTACGGGCTGACAGGC
TCTCAGGACCGAGCTGCTGTGGCCACATTCCTGCAGTCTGTGCAGGTCCCCGAATTCACC
CCCAAGTCTGGCGTCAAGATCCATGTTTCTGACCAGGAGCTGCAGAGCGCCAATGCCTCT
GTTGATGACAGTCGTCTAGAGGAGCTCAAAGCCACTCTGCCCAGCCCAGACAAGCTCCCT
GGATTCAAGATGTACCCCATTGACTTTGAGAAGGATGATGACAGCAACTTTCATATGGAT
TTCATCGTGGCTGCATCCAACCTCCGGGCAGAAAACTATGACATTCCTTCTGCAGACCGG
CACAAGAGCAAGCTGATTGCAGGGAAGATCATCCCAGCCATTGCCACGACCACAGCAGCC
GTGGTTGGCCTTGTGTGTCTGGAGCTGTACAAGGTTGTGCAGGGGCACCGACAGCTTGAC
TCCTACAAGAATGGTTTCCTCAACTTGGCCCTGCCTTTCTTTGGTTTCTCTGAACCCCTT
GCCGCACCACGTCACCAGTACTATAACCAAGAGTGGACATTGTGGGATCGCTTTGAGGTA
CAAGGGCTGCAGCCTAATGGTGAGGAGATGACCCTCAAACAGTTCCTCGACTATTTTAAG
ACAGAGCACAAATTAGAGATCACCATGCTGTCCCAGGGCGTGTCCATGCTCTATTCCTTC
TTCATGCCAGCTGCCAAGCTCAAGGAACGGTTGGATCAGCCGATGACAGAGATTGTGAGC
CGTGTGTCGAAGCGAAAGCTGGGCCGCCACGTGCGGGCGCTGGTGCTTGAGCTGTGCTGT
AACGACGAGAGCGGCGAGGATGTCGAGGTTCCCTATGTCCGATACACCATCCGCTGA

Enzyme 48 GenBank Gene ID

X56976

Enzyme 48 GeneCard ID

UBA1

Enzyme 48 GenAtlas ID

UBA1

Enzyme 48 HGNC ID

HGNC:12469 Link Image

Enzyme 48 Chromosome Location

Not Available

Enzyme 48 Locus

Not Available

Enzyme 48 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 48 General References

Ayusawa D, Kaneda S, Itoh Y, Yasuda H, Murakami Y, Sugasawa K, Hanaoka F, Seno T: Complementation by a cloned human ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 of the S-phase-arrested mouse FM3A cell mutant with thermolabile E1. Cell Struct Funct. 1992 Apr;17(2):113-22. [PubMed ]
Handley PM, Mueckler M, Siegel NR, Ciechanover A, Schwartz AL: Molecular cloning, sequence, and tissue distribution of the human ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jan 1;88(1):258-62. [PubMed ]
Molecular cloning, sequence, and tissue distribution of the human ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Aug 15;88(16):7456. [PubMed ]
Ross MT, Grafham DV, Coffey AJ, Scherer S, McLay K, Muzny D, Platzer M, Howell GR, Burrows C, Bird CP, Frankish A, Lovell FL, Howe KL, Ashurst JL, Fulton RS, Sudbrak R, Wen G, Jones MC, Hurles ME, Andrews TD, Scott CE, Searle S, Ramser J, Whittaker A, Deadman R, Carter NP, Hunt SE, Chen R, Cree A, Gunaratne P, Havlak P, Hodgson A, Metzker ML, Richards S, Scott G, Steffen D, Sodergren E, Wheeler DA, Worley KC, Ainscough R, Ambrose KD, Ansari-Lari MA, Aradhya S, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Ballabio A, Banerjee R, Barker GE, Barlow KF, Barrett IP, Bates KN, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Beck A, Bethel G, Blechschmidt K, Brady N, Bray-Allen S, Bridgeman AM, Brown AJ, Brown MJ, Bonnin D, Bruford EA, Buhay C, Burch P, Burford D, Burgess J, Burrill W, Burton J, Bye JM, Carder C, Carrel L, Chako J, Chapman JC, Chavez D, Chen E, Chen G, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chinault C, Ciccodicola A, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Clerc-Blankenburg K, Clifford K, Cobley V, Cole CG, Conquer JS, Corby N, Connor RE, David R, Davies J, Davis C, Davis J, Delgado O, Deshazo D, Dhami P, Ding Y, Dinh H, Dodsworth S, Draper H, Dugan-Rocha S, Dunham A, Dunn M, Durbin KJ, Dutta I, Eades T, Ellwood M, Emery-Cohen A, Errington H, Evans KL, Faulkner L, Francis F, Frankland J, Fraser AE, Galgoczy P, Gilbert J, Gill R, Glockner G, Gregory SG, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Grocock R, Gu Y, Gwilliam R, Hamilton C, Hart EA, Hawes A, Heath PD, Heitmann K, Hennig S, Hernandez J, Hinzmann B, Ho S, Hoffs M, Howden PJ, Huckle EJ, Hume J, Hunt PJ, Hunt AR, Isherwood J, Jacob L, Johnson D, Jones S, de Jong PJ, Joseph SS, Keenan S, Kelly S, Kershaw JK, Khan Z, Kioschis P, Klages S, Knights AJ, Kosiura A, Kovar-Smith C, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leversha M, Lewis L, Liu W, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Loulseged H, Loveland JE, Lovell JD, Lozado R, Lu J, Lyne R, Ma J, Maheshwari M, Matthews LH, McDowall J, McLaren S, McMurray A, Meidl P, Meitinger T, Milne S, Miner G, Mistry SL, Morgan M, Morris S, Muller I, Mullikin JC, Nguyen N, Nordsiek G, Nyakatura G, O'Dell CN, Okwuonu G, Palmer S, Pandian R, Parker D, Parrish J, Pasternak S, Patel D, Pearce AV, Pearson DM, Pelan SE, Perez L, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Reichwald K, Rhodes S, Ridler KA, Schlessinger D, Schueler MG, Sehra HK, Shaw-Smith C, Shen H, Sheridan EM, Shownkeen R, Skuce CD, Smith ML, Sotheran EC, Steingruber HE, Steward CA, Storey R, Swann RM, Swarbreck D, Tabor PE, Taudien S, Taylor T, Teague B, Thomas K, Thorpe A, Timms K, Tracey A, Trevanion S, Tromans AC, d'Urso M, Verduzco D, Villasana D, Waldron L, Wall M, Wang Q, Warren J, Warry GL, Wei X, West A, Whitehead SL, Whiteley MN, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams G, Williams L, Williamson A, Williamson H, Wilming L, Woodmansey RL, Wray PW, Yen J, Zhang J, Zhou J, Zoghbi H, Zorilla S, Buck D, Reinhardt R, Poustka A, Rosenthal A, Lehrach H, Meindl A, Minx PJ, Hillier LW, Willard HF, Wilson RK, Waterston RH, Rice CM, Vaudin M, Coulson A, Nelson DL, Weinstock G, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Gibbs RA, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR: The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome. Nature. 2005 Mar 17;434(7031):325-37. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Zacksenhaus E, Sheinin R: Molecular cloning, primary structure and expression of the human X linked A1S9 gene cDNA which complements the ts A1S9 mouse L cell defect in DNA replication. EMBO J. 1990 Sep;9(9):2923-9. [PubMed ]
Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, Elias JE, Villen J, Li J, Cohn MA, Cantley LC, Gygi SP: Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Aug 17;101(33):12130-5. Epub 2004 Aug 9. [PubMed ]
Rush J, Moritz A, Lee KA, Guo A, Goss VL, Spek EJ, Zhang H, Zha XM, Polakiewicz RD, Comb MJ: Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2005 Jan;23(1):94-101. Epub 2004 Dec 12. [PubMed ]
Allen E, Ding J, Wang W, Pramanik S, Chou J, Yau V, Yang Y: Gigaxonin-controlled degradation of MAP1B light chain is critical to neuronal survival. Nature. 2005 Nov 10;438(7065):224-8. Epub 2005 Oct 16. [PubMed ]
Beausoleil SA, Villen J, Gerber SA, Rush J, Gygi SP: A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization. Nat Biotechnol. 2006 Oct;24(10):1285-92. Epub 2006 Sep 10. [PubMed ]
Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]
Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
Ramser J, Ahearn ME, Lenski C, Yariz KO, Hellebrand H, von Rhein M, Clark RD, Schmutzler RK, Lichtner P, Hoffman EP, Meindl A, Baumbach-Reardon L: Rare missense and synonymous variants in UBE1 are associated with X-linked infantile spinal muscular atrophy. Am J Hum Genet. 2008 Jan;82(1):188-93. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 48 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 49 [top]

Enzyme 49 ID

5891

Enzyme 49 Name

Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial

Enzyme 49 Synonyms

Tyrosine--tRNA ligase
TyrRS

Enzyme 49 Gene Name

YARS2

Enzyme 49 Protein Sequence

>Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial

MAAPILRSFSWGRWSGTLNLSVLLPLGLRKAHSGAQGLLAAQKARGLFKDFFPETGTKIE
LPELFDRGTASFPQTIYCGFDPTADSLHVGHLLALLGLFHLQRAGHNVIALVGGATARLG
DPSGRTKEREALETERVRANARALRLGLEALAANHQQLFTDGRSWGSFTVLDNSAWYQKQ
HLVDFLAAVGGHFRMGTLLSRQSVQLRLKSPEGMSLAEFFYQVLQAYDFYYLFQRYGCRV
QLGGSDQLGNIMSGYEFINKLTGEDVFGITVPLITSTTGAKLGKSAGNAVWLNRDKTSPF
ELYQFFVRQPDDSVERYLKLFTFLPLPEIDHIMQLHVKEPERRGPQKRLAAEVTKLVHGR
EGLDSAKRCTQALYHSSIDALEVMSDQELKELFKEAPFSEFFLDPGTSVLDTCRKANAIP
DGPRGYRMITEGGVSINHQQVTNPESVLIVGQHILKNGLSLLKIGKRNFYIIKWLQL

Enzyme 49 Number of Residues

477

Enzyme 49 Molecular Weight

53198.6

Enzyme 49 Theoretical pI

9.34

Enzyme 49 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity binding catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds nucleoside binding nucleotide binding purine nucleoside binding tyrosine-tRNA ligase activity
Process
RNA metabolic process biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process ncRNA metabolic process tRNA aminoacylation tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation tRNA metabolic process translation tyrosyl-tRNA aminoacylation
Component
cell part cytoplasm intracellular part

Enzyme 49 General Function

Involved in nucleotide binding

Enzyme 49 Specific Function

Catalyzes the attachment of tyrosine to tRNA(Tyr) in a two-step reaction:tyrosine is first activated by ATP to form Tyr- AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Tyr)

Enzyme 49 Pathways

Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (map00970 )
Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism (map00400 )

Enzyme 49 Reactions

ATP + L-tyrosine + tRNATyr = AMP + diphosphate + L-tyrosyl-tRNATyr [RN:R02918]

Enzyme 49 Pfam Domain Function

tRNA-synt_1b (PF00579 )

Enzyme 49 Signals

None

Enzyme 49 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 49 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 49 GenBank ID Protein

94681057

Enzyme 49 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q9Y2Z4

Enzyme 49 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

SYYM_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 49 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 49 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 49 Gene Sequence

>1434 bp

ATGGCGGCGCCCATCTTGCGGTCCTTTTCCTGGGGCCGGTGGTCTGGTACCCTAAATCTC
TCAGTATTGTTGCCCTTGGGGCTGCGTAAGGCCCACTCGGGCGCTCAGGGGTTACTGGCA
GCGCAGAAGGCTCGAGGTCTGTTCAAGGACTTCTTCCCGGAGACGGGGACGAAAATAGAG
CTCCCAGAGCTCTTCGACCGTGGCACGGCGAGTTTTCCCCAAACCATTTACTGTGGCTTC
GACCCCACGGCAGACTCGCTTCATGTGGGTCATCTACTTGCGCTGCTGGGCCTGTTTCAT
TTGCAGCGAGCGGGCCACAACGTGATCGCGCTGGTGGGAGGCGCCACGGCGCGCCTGGGA
GACCCGAGCGGCCGTACCAAGGAACGCGAGGCGCTGGAGACAGAGCGCGTGCGAGCCAAC
GCGCGAGCTCTGCGCCTAGGGCTTGAGGCCCTGGCGGCTAATCACCAGCAGCTTTTCACT
GATGGGCGCTCCTGGGGCAGCTTCACTGTGCTGGACAACTCGGCCTGGTACCAGAAGCAG
CACCTGGTGGACTTCCTGGCGGCAGTGGGGGGTCACTTCCGCATGGGGACGCTGCTGAGC
CGGCAGAGCGTGCAGCTGCGGCTCAAGAGCCCCGAGGGCATGAGCTTGGCCGAGTTCTTT
TACCAGGTGCTCCAGGCCTATGACTTCTATTACCTCTTCCAGCGTTATGGATGCAGGGTC
CAGCTGGGCGGATCTGATCAACTAGGCAACATCATGTCCGGATATGAGTTCATCAACAAG
TTGACTGGAGAAGATGTATTTGGAATCACCGTTCCTCTAATTACAAGTACAACTGGAGCA
AAGCTGGGAAAGTCTGCTGGCAACGCTGTTTGGCTAAACAGAGATAAGACATCTCCATTT
GAATTGTATCAATTCTTTGTCAGGCAACCGGACGATTCAGTGGAAAGGTACCTGAAGCTG
TTCACTTTCCTGCCCCTTCCAGAGATTGATCATATCATGCAGCTGCATGTCAAAGAGCCA
GAAAGGCGGGGTCCTCAGAAACGACTGGCAGCAGAAGTAACAAAGCTTGTTCATGGACGA
GAAGGATTGGATTCTGCTAAAAGGTGTACACAAGCCCTTTATCACAGTAGCATAGATGCA
CTGGAGGTCATGTCTGATCAGGAGTTAAAAGAGTTGTTTAAAGAAGCTCCATTTTCTGAA
TTTTTTCTCGATCCTGGAACAAGTGTCCTAGATACTTGCCGCAAAGCAAATGCCATTCCA
GATGGTCCCCGAGGGTATCGAATGATAACAGAAGGCGGAGTCAGCATAAATCACCAACAA
GTAACAAATCCTGAGAGTGTTTTAATTGTTGGACAACATATTCTCAAGAATGGACTTTCC
TTACTTAAAATAGGAAAAAGAAATTTCTACATTATAAAATGGCTTCAGTTGTGA

Enzyme 49 GenBank Gene ID

NM_001040436.1 Link Image

Enzyme 49 GeneCard ID

YARS2

Enzyme 49 GenAtlas ID

YARS2

Enzyme 49 HGNC ID

HGNC:24249 Link Image

Enzyme 49 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 49 Locus

12p11.21

Enzyme 49 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 49 General References

Lai CH, Chou CY, Ch'ang LY, Liu CS, Lin W: Identification of novel human genes evolutionarily conserved in Caenorhabditis elegans by comparative proteomics. Genome Res. 2000 May;10(5):703-13. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Bonnefond L, Fender A, Rudinger-Thirion J, Giege R, Florentz C, Sissler M: Toward the full set of human mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases: characterization of AspRS and TyrRS. Biochemistry. 2005 Mar 29;44(12):4805-16. [PubMed ]
Imami K, Sugiyama N, Kyono Y, Tomita M, Ishihama Y: Automated phosphoproteome analysis for cultured cancer cells by two-dimensional nanoLC-MS using a calcined titania/C18 biphasic column. Anal Sci. 2008 Jan;24(1):161-6. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 49 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 50 [top]

Enzyme 50 ID

5892

Enzyme 50 Name

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 E1

Enzyme 50 Synonyms

UbcH6
Ubiquitin carrier protein E1
Ubiquitin-protein ligase E1

Enzyme 50 Gene Name

UBE2E1

Enzyme 50 Protein Sequence

>Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 E1

MSDDDSRASTSSSSSSSSNQQTEKETNTPKKKESKVSMSKNSKLLSTSAKRIQKELADIT
LDPPPNCSAGPKGDNIYEWRSTILGPPGSVYEGGVFFLDITFTPEYPFKPPKVTFRTRIY
HCNINSQGVICLDILKDNWSPALTISKVLLSICSLLTDCNPADPLVGSIATQYMTNRAEH
DRMARQWTKRYAT

Enzyme 50 Number of Residues

193

Enzyme 50 Molecular Weight

21403.9

Enzyme 50 Theoretical pI

8.71

Enzyme 50 GO Classification

Function
acid-amino acid ligase activity catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds small conjugating protein ligase activity
Process
biological regulation macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule modification metabolic process post-translational protein modification protein modification process regulation of biological process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of metabolic process regulation of protein metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 50 General Function

Involved in acid-amino acid ligase activity

Enzyme 50 Specific Function

Accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. Catalyzes the covalent attachment of ISG15 to other proteins. Mediates the selective degradation of short-lived and abnormal proteins. In vitro also catalyzes 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination

Enzyme 50 Pathways

Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis (map04120 )

Enzyme 50 Reactions

ATP + ubiquitin + protein lysine = AMP + diphosphate + protein N-ubiquityllysine [RN:R03876]

Enzyme 50 Pfam Domain Function

UQ_con (PF00179 )

Enzyme 50 Signals

None

Enzyme 50 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 50 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 50 GenBank ID Protein

189054583

Enzyme 50 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P51965

Enzyme 50 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

UB2E1_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 50 PDB ID

1Y6L

Enzyme 50 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 50 3D Structure

Enzyme 50 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 50 Gene Sequence

>582 bp

ATGTCGGATGACGATTCGAGGGCCAGCACCAGCTCCTCCTCATCTTCGTCTTCCAACCAG
CAAACCGAGAAAGAAACAAACACCCCCAAGAAGAAGGAGAGTAAAGTCAGCATGAGCAAA
AACTCCAAACTCCTCTCCACCAGCGCCAAGAGAATTCAGAAGGAGCTGGCGGACATCACT
TTAGACCCTCCACCTAATTGCAGTGCTGGTCCCAAAGGCGATAACATCTATGAATGGAGA
TCAACCATTCTAGGGCCTCCAGGATCCGTGTATGAGGGTGGTGTATTCTTTCTCGATATC
ACTTTTACACCAGAATATCCCTTCAAGCCTCCAAAGGTTACATTTCGGACAAGAATCTAT
CATTGTAATATTAACAGTCAAGGTGTTATTTGCTTGGACATATTGAAAGATAATTGGAGT
CCAGCACTAACCATTTCTAAAGTCCTCCTTTCTATCTGCTCACTTCTTACAGACTGTAAT
CCTGCCGACCCCTTGGTGGGAAGTATTGCCACTCAGTATATGACCAACAGAGCAGAACAT
GACAGAATGGCCAGACAGTGGACCAAGAGATACGCTACATAA

Enzyme 50 GenBank Gene ID

AK314854

Enzyme 50 GeneCard ID

UBE2E1

Enzyme 50 GenAtlas ID

UBE2E1

Enzyme 50 HGNC ID

HGNC:12477 Link Image

Enzyme 50 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 50 Locus

3p24.2

Enzyme 50 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 50 General References

Nuber U, Schwarz S, Kaiser P, Schneider R, Scheffner M: Cloning of human ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UbcH6 and UbcH7 (E2-F1) and characterization of their interaction with E6-AP and RSP5. J Biol Chem. 1996 Feb 2;271(5):2795-800. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Takeuchi T, Iwahara S, Saeki Y, Sasajima H, Yokosawa H: Link between the ubiquitin conjugation system and the ISG15 conjugation system: ISG15 conjugation to the UbcH6 ubiquitin E2 enzyme. J Biochem. 2005 Dec;138(6):711-9. [PubMed ]
Espinosa A, Oke V, Elfving A, Nyberg F, Covacu R, Wahren-Herlenius M: The autoantigen Ro52 is an E3 ligase resident in the cytoplasm but enters the nucleus upon cellular exposure to nitric oxide. Exp Cell Res. 2008 Dec 10;314(20):3605-13. Epub 2008 Sep 25. [PubMed ]
Heibeck TH, Ding SJ, Opresko LK, Zhao R, Schepmoes AA, Yang F, Tolmachev AV, Monroe ME, Camp DG 2nd, Smith RD, Wiley HS, Qian WJ: An extensive survey of tyrosine phosphorylation revealing new sites in human mammary epithelial cells. J Proteome Res. 2009 Aug;8(8):3852-61. [PubMed ]
Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
David Y, Ziv T, Admon A, Navon A: The E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes direct polyubiquitination to preferred lysines. J Biol Chem. 2010 Mar 19;285(12):8595-604. Epub 2010 Jan 8. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 50 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 51 [top]

Enzyme 51 ID

5894

Enzyme 51 Name

Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 6

Enzyme 51 Synonyms

Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 6
LACS 6

Enzyme 51 Gene Name

ACSL6

Enzyme 51 Protein Sequence

>Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 6

MQTQEILRILRLPELGDLGQFFRSLSATTLVSMGALAAILAYWFTHRPKALQPPCNLLMQ
SEEVEDSGGARRSVIGSGPQLLTHYYDDARTMYQVFRRGLSISGNGPCLGFRKPKQPYQW
LSYQEVADRAEFLGSGLLQHNCKACTDQFIGVFAQNRPEWIIVELACYTYSMVVVPLYDT
LGPGAIRYIINTADISTVIVDKPQKAVLLLEHVERKETPGLKLIILMDPFEEALKERGQK
CGVVIKSMQAVEDCGQENHQAPVPPQPDDLSIVCFTSGTTGNPKGAMLTHGNVVADFSGF
LKVTEKVIFPRQDDVLISFLPLAHMFERVIQSVVYCHGGRVGFFQGDIRLLSDDMKALCP
TIFPVVPRLLNRMYDKIFSQANTPLKRWLLEFAAKRKQAEVRSGIIRNDSIWDELFFNKI
QASLGGCVRMIVTGAAPASPTVLGFLRAALGCQVYEGYGQTECTAGCTFTTPGDWTSGHV
GAPLPCNHIKLVDVEELNYWACKGEGEICVRGPNVFKGYLKDPDRTKEALDSDGWLHTGD
IGKWLPAGTLKIIDRKKHIFKLAQGEYVAPEKIENIYIRSQPVAQIYVHGDSLKAFLVGI
VVPDPEVMPSWAQKRGIEGTYADLCTNKDLKKAILEDMVRLGKESGLHSFEQVKAIHIHS
DMFSVQNGLLTPTLKAKRPELREYFKKQIEELYSISM

Enzyme 51 Number of Residues

697

Enzyme 51 Molecular Weight

77751.3

Enzyme 51 Theoretical pI

7.46

Enzyme 51 GO Classification

Function
catalytic activity
Process
metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 51 General Function

Involved in catalytic activity

Enzyme 51 Specific Function

Activation of long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation. Plays an important role in fatty acid metabolism in brain and the acyl-CoAs produced may be utilized exclusively for the synthesis of the brain lipid

Enzyme 51 Pathways

Fatty Acid Metabolism (map00071 )

Enzyme 51 Reactions

ATP + a long-chain carboxylic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA [RN:R00390]

Enzyme 51 Pfam Domain Function

AMP-binding (PF00501 )

Enzyme 51 Signals

None

Enzyme 51 Transmembrane Regions

25-45

Enzyme 51 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 51 GenBank ID Protein

5702202

Enzyme 51 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q9UKU0

Enzyme 51 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

ACSL6_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 51 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 51 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 51 Gene Sequence

>2094 bp

ATGCAGACACAGGAGATCCTGAGGATACTGCGACTGCCTGAGCTAGGTGACTTGGAACAG
TTTTTCCGCAGCCTCTCGGCCACCACCCTCGTGAGTATGGGTGCCCTGGCTGCCATCCTT
GCCTACTGGTTCACTCAGCGGCCAAAGGCCTTGCAGCCGCCATGCAACCTCCTGATGCAG
TCAGAAGAAGTAGAGGACAGTGGCGGGGCACGGCGATCTGTGATTGGGTCTGGCCCTCAG
CTACTTACCCACTACTATGATGATGCCCGGACCATGTACCAGGTGTTCCGCCGTGGGCTT
AGCATCTCAGGGAATGGGCCCTGTCTTGGTTTCAGGAAGCCTAAGCAGCCTTACCAGTGG
CTGTCCTACCAGGAGGTGGCCGACAGGGCTGAATTTCTGGGGTCCGGACTTCTCCAGCAC
AATTGTAAAGCATGCACTGATCAGTTTATTGGTGTTTTTGCACAAAATCGGCCAGAGTGG
ATCATTGTGGAGCTGGCCTGCTACACATATTCCATGGTGGTGGTCCCGCTCTATGACACC
CTGGGCCCTGGGGCTATCCGCTACATCATCAATACAGCGGACATCAGCACCGTGATTGTG
GACAAACCTCAGAAGGCTGTGCTTCTGCTAGAGCATGTGGAGAGGAAGGAGACTCCAGGC
CTCAAGCTGATCATCCTCATGGACCCATTCGAAGAAGCCCTGAAAGAGAGAGGGCAGAAG
TGCGGGGTGGTCATTAAGTCCATGCAGGCCGTGGAGGACTGTGGCCAAGAGAATCACCAG
GCTCCTGTGCCCCCGCAGCCTGATGACCTCTCCATTGTGTGTTTCACAAGCGGCACGACA
GGGAACCCAAAAGGTGCGATGCTCACCCATGGGAACGTGGTGGCTGATTTCTCAGGCTTT
CTGAAAGTGACAGAGAGTCAGTGGGCTCCCACTTGTGCGGATGTGCACATTTCCTATTTG
CCTTTAGCACACATGTTTGAGCGAATGGTGCAGTCTGTCGTCTATTGCCACGGAGGGCGT
GTTGGCTTCTTCCAGGGAGATATCCGCCTTCTCTCAGATGACATGAAGGCTCTATGCCCC
ACCATCTTCCCTGTGGTCCCACGACTGCTGAACCGGATGTACGACAAGATCTTCAGCCAG
GCAAACACACCATTAAAGCGCTGGCTCCTGGAGTTTGCAGCAAAGCGTAAGCAAGCCGAG
GTCCGGAGTGGAATCATCAGGAATGATAGTATCTGGGATGAACTCTTCTTTAATAAGATT
CAGGCCAGTCTTGGTGGGTGTGTGCGGATGATTGTTACTGGAGCAGCCCCAGCATCACCA
ACAGTTCTGGGATTTCTCCGGGCAGCTCTAGGGTGCCAGGTTTATGAAGGTTATGGCCAA
ACTGAGTGCACAGCTGGATGTACCTTCACCACTCCTGGCGACTGGACCTCAGGGCACGTA
GGGGCGCCACTTCCCTGCAATCATATCAAGCTCGTTGATGTTGAGGAACTGAACTACTGG
GCCTGCAAAGGAGAGGGAGAGATATGTGTGAGAGGACCAAATGTGTTCAAAGGCTACTTG
AAAGATCCAGACAGGACGAAGGAGGCCCTGGACAGCGATGGCTGGCTTCACACTGGAGAC
ATCGGAAAATGGCTGCCGGCAGGAACTCTTAAAATTATTGATCGGAAAAAGCATATATTT
AAACTTGCTCAGGGAGAATATGTTGCACCCGAGAAGATTGAGAACATCTACATCCGGAGC
CAACCTGTGGCGCAAATCTATGTCCATGGGGACAGCTTAAAGGCCTTTTTGGTAGGCATT
GTTGTGCCTGACCCTGAAGTTATGCCCTCCTGGGCCCAGAAGAGAGGAATTGAAGGAACA
TATGCAGATCTCTGCACAAATAAGGATCTGAAGAAAGCCATTTTGGAAGATATGGTGAGG
TTAGGAAAAGAAAGTGGACTCCATTCTTTTGAGCAGGTTAAAGCCATTCACATCCATTCT
GACATGTTCTCAGTTCAAAATGGCTTGCTGACCCCAACACTAAAAGCTAAGAGACCTGAG
CTGAGAGAGTACTTCAAAAAACAAATAGAAGAGCTTTACTCAATCCCCATGTGA

Enzyme 51 GenBank Gene ID

AF129166

Enzyme 51 GeneCard ID

ACSL6

Enzyme 51 GenAtlas ID

ACSL6

Enzyme 51 HGNC ID

HGNC:16496 Link Image

Enzyme 51 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 51 Locus

5q31

Enzyme 51 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 51 General References

Malhotra KT, Malhotra K, Lubin BH, Kuypers FA: Identification and molecular characterization of acyl-CoA synthetase in human erythrocytes and erythroid precursors. Biochem J. 1999 Nov 15;344 Pt 1:135-43. [PubMed ]
Yagasaki F, Jinnai I, Yoshida S, Yokoyama Y, Matsuda A, Kusumoto S, Kobayashi H, Terasaki H, Ohyashiki K, Asou N, Murohashi I, Bessho M, Hirashima K: Fusion of TEL/ETV6 to a novel ACS2 in myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia with t(5;12)(q31;p13). Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 1999 Nov;26(3):192-202. [PubMed ]
Soupene E, Kuypers FA: Multiple erythroid isoforms of human long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases are produced by switch of the fatty acid gate domains. BMC Mol Biol. 2006 Jul 11;7:21. [PubMed ]
Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Suyama M, Kikuno R, Hirosawa M, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XII. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro. DNA Res. 1998 Dec 31;5(6):355-64. [PubMed ]
Schmutz J, Martin J, Terry A, Couronne O, Grimwood J, Lowry S, Gordon LA, Scott D, Xie G, Huang W, Hellsten U, Tran-Gyamfi M, She X, Prabhakar S, Aerts A, Altherr M, Bajorek E, Black S, Branscomb E, Caoile C, Challacombe JF, Chan YM, Denys M, Detter JC, Escobar J, Flowers D, Fotopulos D, Glavina T, Gomez M, Gonzales E, Goodstein D, Grigoriev I, Groza M, Hammon N, Hawkins T, Haydu L, Israni S, Jett J, Kadner K, Kimball H, Kobayashi A, Lopez F, Lou Y, Martinez D, Medina C, Morgan J, Nandkeshwar R, Noonan JP, Pitluck S, Pollard M, Predki P, Priest J, Ramirez L, Retterer J, Rodriguez A, Rogers S, Salamov A, Salazar A, Thayer N, Tice H, Tsai M, Ustaszewska A, Vo N, Wheeler J, Wu K, Yang J, Dickson M, Cheng JF, Eichler EE, Olsen A, Pennacchio LA, Rokhsar DS, Richardson P, Lucas SM, Myers RM, Rubin EM: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 5. Nature. 2004 Sep 16;431(7006):268-74. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 51 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 52 [top]

Enzyme 52 ID

5895

Enzyme 52 Name

Methionyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic

Enzyme 52 Synonyms

Methionine--tRNA ligase
MetRS

Enzyme 52 Gene Name

MARS

Enzyme 52 Protein Sequence

>Methionyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic

MRLFVSDGVPGCLPVLAAAGRARGRAEVLISTVGPEDCVVPFLTRPKVPVLQLDSGNYLF
STSAICRYFFLLSGWEQDDLTNQWLEWEATELQPALSAALYYLVVQGKKGEDVLGSVRRA
LTHIDHSLSRQNCPFLAGETESLADIVLWGALYPLLQDPAYLPEELSALHSWFQTLSTQE
PCQRAAETVLKQQGVLALRPYLQKQPQPSPAEGRAVTNEPEEEELATLSEEEIAMAVTAW
EKGLESLPPLRPQQNPVLPVAGERNVLITSALPYVNNVPHLGNIIGCVLSADVFARYSRL
RQWNTLYLCGTDEYGTATETKALEEGLTPQEICDKYHIIHADIYRWFNISFDIFGRTTTP
QQTKITQDIFQQLLKRGFVLQDTVEQLRCEHCARFLADRFVEGVCPFCGYEEARGDQCDK
CGKLINAVELKKPQCKVCRSCPVVQSSQHLFLDLPKLEKRLEEWLGRTLPGSDWTPNAQF
ITRSWLRDGLKPRCITRDLKWGTPVPLEGFEDKVFYVWFDATIGYLSITANYTDQWERWW
KNPEQVDLYQFMAKDNVPFHSLVFPCSALGAEDNYTLVSHLIATEYLNYEDGKFSKSRGV
GVFGDMAQDTGIPADIWRFYLLYIRPEGQDSAFSWTDLLLKNNSELLNNLGNFINRAGMF
VSKFFGGYVPEMVLTPDDQRLLAHVTLELQHYHQLLEKVRIRDALRSILTISRHGNQYIQ
VNEPWKRIKGSEADRQRAGTVTGLAVNIAALLSVMLQPYMPTVSATIQAQLQLPPPACSI
LLTNFLCTLPAGHQIGTVSPLFQKLENDQIESLRQRFGGGQAKTSPKPAVVETVTTAKPQ
QIQALMDEVTKQGNIVRELKAQKADKNEVAAEVAKLLDLKKQLAVAEGKPPEAPKGKKKK

Enzyme 52 Number of Residues

900

Enzyme 52 Molecular Weight

101114.9

Enzyme 52 Theoretical pI

6.05

Enzyme 52 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity binding catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds methionine-tRNA ligase activity nucleoside binding nucleotide binding purine nucleoside binding
Process
RNA metabolic process biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process methionyl-tRNA aminoacylation ncRNA metabolic process tRNA aminoacylation tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation tRNA metabolic process translation
Component
cell part cytoplasm intracellular part

Enzyme 52 General Function

Involved in nucleotide binding

Enzyme 52 Specific Function

ATP + L-methionine + tRNA(Met) = AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNA(Met)

Enzyme 52 Pathways

Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (map00970 )
Methionine Metabolism (map00271 )
Selenoamino Acid Metabolism (map00450 )

Enzyme 52 Reactions

ATP + L-methionine + tRNAMet = AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNAMet [RN:R03659]

Enzyme 52 Pfam Domain Function

tRNA-synt_1g (PF09334 )
WHEP-TRS (PF00458 )

Enzyme 52 Signals

None

Enzyme 52 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 52 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 52 GenBank ID Protein

1702932

Enzyme 52 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P56192

Enzyme 52 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

SYMC_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 52 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 52 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 52 Gene Sequence

>2703 bp

ATGAGACTGTTCGTGAGTGATGGCGTCCCGGGTTGCTTGCCGGTGCTGGCCGCCGCCGGG
AGAGCCCGGGGCAGAGCAGAGGTGCTGATCAGCACTGTAGGCCCGGAAGATTGTGTGGTC
CCGTTCCTGACCCGGCCTAAGGTCCCTGTCTTGCAGGTGGATAGCGGCAACTACCTCTTC
TCCACTAGTGCAATCTGCCGATATTTTTTTTTGTTATCTGGCTGGGAGCAAGATGACCTC
ACTAACCAGTGGCTGGAATGGGAAGCGACAGAGCTGCAGCCAGCTTTGTCTGCTCCCCTG
TACTATTTAGTGGTCCAAGGCAAGAAGGGGGAAGATGTTCTTGGTTCAGTGCGGAGAGCC
CTGACTCACATTGACCACAGCTTGAGTCGTCAGAACTGTCCTTTCCTGGCTGGGGAGACA
GAATCTCTAGCCGACATTGTTTTGTGGGGAGCCCAATACCCATTACTGCAAGATCCCGCC
TACCTCCCTGAGGAGCTGAGTGCCCTGCACAGCTGGTTCCAGACACTGAGTACCCAGGAA
CCATGTCAGCGAGCTGCAGAGACTGTACTGAAACAGCAAGGTGTCCTGGCTCTCCGGCCT
TACCTCCAAAAGCAGCCCCAGCCCAGCCCCGCTGAGGGAAGGGCTGTCACCAATGAGCCT
GAGGAGGAGGAGCTGGCTACCCTATCTGAGGAGGAGATTGCTATGGCTGTTACTGCTTGG
GAGAAGGGCCTAGAAAGTTTGCCCCCGCTGCGGCCCCAGCAGAATCCAGTGTTGCCTGTG
GCTGGAGAAAGGAATGTGCTCATCACCAGTGCCCTCCCTTACGTCAACAATGTCCCCCAC
CTTGGGAACATCATTGGTTGTGTGCTCAGTGCCGATGTCTTTGCCAGGTACTCTCGCCTC
CGCCAGTGGAACACCCTCTATCTGTGTGGGACAGATGAGTATGGTACAGCAACAGAGACC
AAGGCTCTGGAGGAGGGACTAACCCCCCAGGAGATCTGCGACAAGTACCACATCATCCAT
GCTGACATCTACCGCTGGTTTAACATTTCGTTTGATATTTTTGGTCGCACCACCACTCCA
CAGCAGACCAAAATCACCCAGGACATTTTCCAGCAGTTGCTGAAACGAGGTTTTGTGCTG
CAAGATACTGTGGAGCAACTGCGATGTGAGCACTGTGCTCGCTTCCTGGCTGACCGCTTC
GTGGAGGGCGTGTGTCCCTTCTGTGGCTATGAGGAGGCTCGGGGTGACCAGTGTGACAAG
TGTGGCAAGCTCATCAATGCTGTCGAGCTTAAGAAGCCTCAGTGTAAAGTCTGCCGATCA
TGCCCTGTGGTGCAGTCGAGCCAGCACCTGTTTCTGGACCTGCCTAAGCTGGAGAAGCGA
CTGGAGGAGTGGTTGGGGAGGACATTGCCTGGCAGTGACTGGACACCCAATGCCCAGTTT
ATCACCCGTTCTTGGCTTCGGGATGGCCTCAAGCCACGCTGCATAACCCGAGACCTCAAA
TGGGGAACCCCTGTACCCTTAGAAGGTTTTGAAGACAAGGTATTCTATGTCTGGTTTGAT
GCCACTATTGGCTATCTGTCCATCACAGCCAACTACACAGACCAGTGGGAGAGATGGTGG
AAGAACCCAGAGCAAGTGGACCTGTATCAGTTCATGGCCAAAGACAATGTTCCTTTCCAT
AGCTTAGTCTTTCCTTGCTCAGCCCTAGGAGCTGAGGATAACTATACCTTGGTCAGCCAC
CTCATTGCTACAGAGTACCTGAACTATGAGGATGGGAAATTCTCTAAGAGCCGCGGTGTG
GGAGTGTTTGGGGACATGGCCCAGGACACGGGGATCCCTGCTGACATCTGGCGCTTCTAT
CTGCTGTACATTCGGCCTGAGGGCCAGGACAGTGCTTTCTCCTGGACGGACCTGCTGCTG
AAGAATAATTCTGAGCTGCTTAACAACCTGGGCAACTTCATCAACAGAGCTGGGATGTTT
GTGTCTAAGTTCTTTGGGGGCTATGTGCCTGAGATGGTGCTCACCCCTGATGATCAGCGC
CTGCTGGGCCATGTCACCCTGGAGCTCCAGCACTATCACCAGCTACTTGAGAAGGTTCGG
ATCCGGGATGCCTTGCGCAGTATCCTCACCATATCTCGACATGGCAACCAATATATTCAG
GTGAATGAGCCCTGGAAGCGGATTAAAGGCAGTGAGGCTGACAGGCAACGGGCAGGAACA
GTGACTGGCTTGGCAGTGAATATAGCTGCCTTGCTCTCTGTCATGCTTCAGCCTTACATG
CCCACGGTTAGTGCCACAATCCAGGCCCAGCTGCAGCTCCCACCTCCAGCCTGCAGTATC
CTGCTGACAAACTTCCTGTGTACCTTACCAGCAGGACACCAGATTGGCACAGTCAGTCCC
TTGTTCCAAAAATTGGAAAATGACCAGATTGAAAGTTTAAGGCAGCGCTTTGGAGGGGGC
CAGGCAAAAACGTCCCCGAAGCCAGCAGTTGTAGAGACTGTTACAACAGCCAAGCCACAG
CAGATACAAGCGCTGATGGATGAAGTGACAAAACAAGGAAACATTGTCCGAGAACTGAAA
GCACAAAAGGCAGACAAGAACGAGGTTGCTGCGGAGGTGGCGAAACTCTTGGATCTAAAG
AAACAGTTGGCTGTAGCTGAGGGGAAACCCCCTGAAGCCCCTAAAGGCAAGAAGAAAAAG
TAA

Enzyme 52 GenBank Gene ID

X94754

Enzyme 52 GeneCard ID

MARS

Enzyme 52 GenAtlas ID

MARS

Enzyme 52 HGNC ID

HGNC:6898

Enzyme 52 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 52 Locus

12q13.2

Enzyme 52 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 52 General References

Lage H, Dietel M: Cloning of a human cDNA encoding a protein with high homology to yeast methionyl-tRNA synthetase. Gene. 1996 Oct 31;178(1-2):187-9. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 52 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 53 [top]

Enzyme 53 ID

5897

Enzyme 53 Name

Alanyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic

Enzyme 53 Synonyms

Alanine--tRNA ligase
AlaRS
Renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-42

Enzyme 53 Gene Name

AARS

Enzyme 53 Protein Sequence

>Alanyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic

MDSTLTASEIRQRFIDFFKRNEHTYVHSSATIPLDDPTLLFANAGMNQFKPIFLNTIDPS
HPMAKLSRAANTQKCIRAGGKHNDLDDVGKDVYHHTFFEMLGSWSFGDYFKELACKMALE
LLTQEFGIPIERLYVTYFGGDEAAGLEADLECKQIWQNLGLDDTKILPGNMKDNFWEMGD
TGPCGPCSEIHYDRIGGRDAAHLVNQDDPNVLEIWNLVFIQYNREADGILKPLPKKSIDT
GMGLERLVSVLQNKMSNYDTDLFVPYFEAIQKGTGARPYTGKVGAEDADGIDMAYRVLAD
HARTITVALADGGRPDNTGRGYVLRRILRRAVRYAHEKLNASRGFFATLVDVVVQSLGDA
FPELKKDPDMVKDIINEEEVQFLKTLSRGRRILDRKIQSLGDSKTIPGDTAWLLYDTYGF
PVDLTGLIAEEKGLVVDMDGFEEERKLAQLKSQGKGAGGEDLIMLDIYAIEELRARGLEV
TDDSPKYNYHLDSSGSYVFENTVATVMALRREKMFVEEVSTGQECGVVLDKTCFYAEQGG
QIYDEGYLVKVDDSSEDKTEFTVKNAQVRGGYVLHIGTIYGDLKVGDQVWLFIDEPRRRP
IMSNHTATHILNFALRSVLGEADQKGSLVAPDRLRFDFTAKGAMSTQQIKKAEEIANEMI
EAAKAVYTQDCPLAAAKAIQGLRAVFDETYPDPVRVVSIGVPVSELLDDPSGPAGSLTSV
EFCGGTHLRNSSHAGAFVIVTEEAIAKGIRRIVAVTGAEAQKALRKAESLKKCLSVMEAK
VKAQTAPNKDVQREIADLGEALATAVIPQWQKDELRETLKSLKKVMDDLDRASKADVQKR
VLEKTKQFIDSNPNQPLVILEMESGASAKALNEALKLFKMHSPQTSAMLFTVDNEAGKIT
CLCQVPQNAANRGLKASEWVQQVSGLMDGKGGGKDVSAQATGKNVGCLQEALQLATSFAQ
LRLGDVKN

Enzyme 53 Number of Residues

968

Enzyme 53 Molecular Weight

106809.5

Enzyme 53 Theoretical pI

5.18

Enzyme 53 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding alanine-tRNA ligase activity aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity binding catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds nucleic acid binding nucleoside binding nucleotide binding purine nucleoside binding
Process
RNA metabolic process alanyl-tRNA aminoacylation biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process ncRNA metabolic process tRNA aminoacylation tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation tRNA metabolic process translation
Component
cell part cytoplasm intracellular part

Enzyme 53 General Function

Involved in nucleotide binding

Enzyme 53 Specific Function

Catalyzes the attachment of alanine to tRNA(Ala) in a two-step reaction:alanine is first activated by ATP to form Ala- AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Ala). Also edits incorrectly charged tRNA(Ala) via its editing domain

Enzyme 53 Pathways

Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (map00970 )

Enzyme 53 Reactions

ATP + L-alanine + tRNAAla = AMP + diphosphate + L-alanyl-tRNAAla [RN:R03038]

Enzyme 53 Pfam Domain Function

DHHA1 (PF02272 )
tRNA-synt_2c (PF01411 )
tRNA_SAD (PF07973 )

Enzyme 53 Signals

None

Enzyme 53 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 53 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 53 GenBank ID Protein

109148542

Enzyme 53 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P49588

Enzyme 53 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

SYAC_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 53 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 53 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 53 Gene Sequence

>2907 bp

ATGGACTCTACTCTAACAGCAAGTGAAATCCGGCAGCGATTTATAGATTTCTTCAAGAGG
AACGAGCATACGTATGTTCACTCGTCTGCCACCATCCCATTGGATGACCCCACTTTGCTC
TTTGCCAATGCAGGCATGAACCAGTTTAAACCCATTTTCCTGAACACAATTGACCCATCT
CACCCCATGGCAAAGCTGAGCAGAGCTGCCAATACCCAGAAGTGCATCCGGGCTGGGGGC
AAACATAATGACCTGGACGATGTGGGCAAGGATGTCTATCATCACACCTTCTTCGAGATG
CTGGGCTCTTGGTCTTTTGGAGATTACTTTAAGGAATTGGCATGTAAGATGGCTCTGGAA
CTCCTCACCCAAGAGTTTGGCATTCCCATTGAAAGACTTTATGTTACTTACTTTGGCGGG
GATGAAGCAGCTGGCTTAGAAGCAGATCTGGAATGCAAACAGATCTGGCAAAATTTGGGG
CTGGATGACACCAAAATCCTCCCAGGCAACATGAAGGATAACTTCTGGGAGATGGGTGAC
ACGGGCCCCTGTGGTCCTTGCAGTGAGATCCACTACGACCGGATTGGTGGTCGGGACGCC
GCACATCTTGTCAACCAGGACGACCCTAATGTGCTGGAGATCTGGAACCTTGTGTTCATC
CAGTATAACAGGGAAGCTGATGGCATTCTGAAACCTCTTCCCAAGAAAAGCATTGACACA
GGGATGGGCCTGGAACGACTGGTATCTGTGCTGCAGAATAAGATGTCCAACTATGACACT
GACCTTTTTGTCCCTTACTTTGAAGCCATTCAGAAGGGCACAGGTGCCCGACCATACACT
GGGAAAGTTGGTGCTGAGGATGCCGATGGGATTGACATGGCCTACCGGGTGCTGGCTGAC
CACGCTCGGACCATCACTGTGGCACTGGCTGATGGTGGCCGGCCTGACAACACAGGGCGT
GGATATGTGTTGAGACGGATTCTCCGCCGAGCTGTCCGATACGCCCATGAAAAGCTCAAT
GCCAGCAGGGGCTTCTTTGCTACGTTAGTGGATGTTGTCGTCCAGTCCCTGGGAGATGCA
TTTCCTGAGCTGAAGAAGGACCCAGACATGGTGAAGGACATCATTAATGAAGAAGAGGTG
CAGTTTCTCAAGACTCTCAGCAGAGGGCGTCGCATCCTGGACAGGAAAATTCAGAGCCTG
GGAGACAGCAAGACCATTCCCGGAGACACTGCTTGGCTCCTCTATGACACCTATGGGTTT
CCAGTGGATCTGACTGGACTGATTGCTGAAGAGAAGGGCCTGGTGGTAGACATGGATGGC
TTTGAAGAGGAGAGGAAACTGGCCCAGCTGAAATCACAGGGCAAGGGAGCTGGTGGGGAA
GACCTCATTATGCTGGACATTTACGCTATCGAAGAGCTCCGGGCACGGGGTCTGGAGGTC
ACAGATGATTCCCCAAAGTACAATTACCATTTGGACTCCAGTGGTAGCTATGTATTTGAG
AACACAGTGGCTACGGTGATGGCTCTGCGCAGGGAGAAGATGTTCGTGGAAGAGGTGTCC
ACAGGCCAGGAGTGTGGAGTGGTGCTGGACAAGACCTGTTTCTATGCTGAGCAAGGAGGC
CAGATCTATGACGAAGGCTACCTGGTGAAGGTGGATGACAGCAGTGAAGATAAAACAGAG
TTTACAGTGAAGAATGCTCAGGTCCGAGGAGGGTATGTGCTACACATTGGAACCATCTAC
GGTGACCTGAAAGTGGGGGATCAGGTCTGGCTGTTTATTGATGAGCCCCGACGAAGACCC
ATCATGAGCAACCACACAGCTACGCACATTCTGAACTTCGCCCTGCGCTCAGTGCTTGGG
GAAGCTGACCAGAAAGGCTCATTGGTTGCTCCTGACCGCCTCAGATTTGACTTTACTGCC
AAGGGAGCCATGTCCACCCAACAGATCAAGAAGGCTGAAGAGATTGCTAATGAGATGATT
GAGGCAGCCAAGGCCGTCTATACCCAGGATTGCCCCCTGGCAGCAGCGAAAGCCATCCAG
GGCCTACGGGCTGTGTTTGATGAGACCTATCCTGACCCTGTGCGAGTCGTCTCCATTGGG
GTCCCGGTGTCCGAGTTGCTGGATGACCCCTCTGGGCCTGCTGGCTCCCTGACTTCTGTT
GAGTTCTGTGGGGGAACGCACCTGCGGAACTCGAGTCATGCAGGAGCTTTTGTGATCGTG
ACGGAAGAAGCCATTGCCAAGGGTATCCGGAGGATTGTGGCTGTCACAGGTGCCGAGGCC
CAGAAGGCCCTCAGGAAAGCAGAGAGCTTGAAGAAATGTCTCTCTGTCATGGAAGCCAAA
GTGAAGGCTCAGACTGCTCCAAACAAGGATGTGCAGAGGGAGATCGCTGACCTTGGAGAG
GCCCTGGCCACTGCAGTCATCCCCCAGTGGCAGAAGGATGAATTGCGGGAGACTCTCAAA
TCCCTAAAGAAGGTCATGGATGACTTGGACCGAGCCAGCAAAGCCGATGTCCAGAAACGA
GTGTTAGAGAAGACGAAGCAGTTCATCGACAGCAACCCCAACCAGCCTCTTGTCATCCTG
GAGATGGAGAGCGGCGCCTCAGCCAAGGCCCTGAATGAAGCCTTGAAGCTCTTCAAGATG
CACTCCCCTCAGACTTCTGCCATGCTCTTCACGGTGGACAATGAGGCTGGCAAGATCACG
TGCCTGTGTCAAGTTCCCCAGAATGCAGCCAATCGGGGCTTAAAAGCCAGCGAGTGGGTG
CAGCAGGTGTCAGGCTTGATGGACGGTAAAGGTGGTGGCAAGGATGTGTCTGCACAGGCC
ACAGGCAAGAACGTTGGCTGCCTGCAGGAGGCGCTGCAGCTGGCCACTTCCTTCGCCCAG
CTGCGCCTCGGGGATGTAAAGAACTGA

Enzyme 53 GenBank Gene ID

NM_001605.2 Link Image

Enzyme 53 GeneCard ID

AARS

Enzyme 53 GenAtlas ID

AARS

Enzyme 53 HGNC ID

HGNC:20

Enzyme 53 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 53 Locus

16q22

Enzyme 53 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 53 General References

Shiba K, Ripmaster T, Suzuki N, Nichols R, Plotz P, Noda T, Schimmel P: Human alanyl-tRNA synthetase: conservation in evolution of catalytic core and microhelix recognition. Biochemistry. 1995 Aug 22;34(33):10340-9. [PubMed ]
Martin J, Han C, Gordon LA, Terry A, Prabhakar S, She X, Xie G, Hellsten U, Chan YM, Altherr M, Couronne O, Aerts A, Bajorek E, Black S, Blumer H, Branscomb E, Brown NC, Bruno WJ, Buckingham JM, Callen DF, Campbell CS, Campbell ML, Campbell EW, Caoile C, Challacombe JF, Chasteen LA, Chertkov O, Chi HC, Christensen M, Clark LM, Cohn JD, Denys M, Detter JC, Dickson M, Dimitrijevic-Bussod M, Escobar J, Fawcett JJ, Flowers D, Fotopulos D, Glavina T, Gomez M, Gonzales E, Goodstein D, Goodwin LA, Grady DL, Grigoriev I, Groza M, Hammon N, Hawkins T, Haydu L, Hildebrand CE, Huang W, Israni S, Jett J, Jewett PB, Kadner K, Kimball H, Kobayashi A, Krawczyk MC, Leyba T, Longmire JL, Lopez F, Lou Y, Lowry S, Ludeman T, Manohar CF, Mark GA, McMurray KL, Meincke LJ, Morgan J, Moyzis RK, Mundt MO, Munk AC, Nandkeshwar RD, Pitluck S, Pollard M, Predki P, Parson-Quintana B, Ramirez L, Rash S, Retterer J, Ricke DO, Robinson DL, Rodriguez A, Salamov A, Saunders EH, Scott D, Shough T, Stallings RL, Stalvey M, Sutherland RD, Tapia R, Tesmer JG, Thayer N, Thompson LS, Tice H, Torney DC, Tran-Gyamfi M, Tsai M, Ulanovsky LE, Ustaszewska A, Vo N, White PS, Williams AL, Wills PL, Wu JR, Wu K, Yang J, Dejong P, Bruce D, Doggett NA, Deaven L, Schmutz J, Grimwood J, Richardson P, Rokhsar DS, Eichler EE, Gilna P, Lucas SM, Myers RM, Rubin EM, Pennacchio LA: The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16. Nature. 2004 Dec 23;432(7020):988-94. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Scanlan MJ, Gordan JD, Williamson B, Stockert E, Bander NH, Jongeneel V, Gure AO, Jager D, Jager E, Knuth A, Chen YT, Old LJ: Antigens recognized by autologous antibody in patients with renal-cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 1999 Nov 12;83(4):456-64. [PubMed ]
Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed ]
Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]
Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
Guo M, Chong YE, Beebe K, Shapiro R, Yang XL, Schimmel P: The C-Ala domain brings together editing and aminoacylation functions on one tRNA. Science. 2009 Aug 7;325(5941):744-7. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
Latour P, Thauvin-Robinet C, Baudelet-Mery C, Soichot P, Cusin V, Faivre L, Locatelli MC, Mayencon M, Sarcey A, Broussolle E, Camu W, David A, Rousson R: A major determinant for binding and aminoacylation of tRNA(Ala) in cytoplasmic Alanyl-tRNA synthetase is mutated in dominant axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Am J Hum Genet. 2010 Jan;86(1):77-82. Epub 2009 Dec 31. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 53 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 54 [top]

Enzyme 54 ID

5898

Enzyme 54 Name

Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial

Enzyme 54 Synonyms

(Mt)TrpRS
Tryptophan--tRNA ligase
TrpRS

Enzyme 54 Gene Name

WARS2

Enzyme 54 Protein Sequence

>Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial

MALHSMRKARERWSFIRALHKGSAAAPALQKDSKKRVFSGIQPTGILHLGNYLGAIESWV
RLQDEYDSVLYSIVDLHSITVPQDPAVLRQSILDMTAVLLACGINPEKSILFQQSQVSEH
TQLSWILSCMVRLPRLQHLHQWKAKTTKQKHDGTVGLLTYPVLQAADILLYKSTHVPVGE
DQVQHMELVQDLAQGFNKKYGEFFPVPESILTSMKKVKSLRDPSAKMSKSDPDKLATVRI
TDSPEEIVQKFRKAVTDFTSEVTYDPAGRAGVSNIVAVHAAVTGLSVEEVVRRSAGMNTA
RYKLAVADAVIEKFAPIKREIEKLKLDKDHLEKVLQIGSAKAKELAYTVCQEVKKLVGFL

Enzyme 54 Number of Residues

360

Enzyme 54 Molecular Weight

40146.3

Enzyme 54 Theoretical pI

9.82

Enzyme 54 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity binding catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds nucleoside binding nucleotide binding purine nucleoside binding tryptophan-tRNA ligase activity
Process
RNA metabolic process biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process ncRNA metabolic process tRNA aminoacylation tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation tRNA metabolic process translation tryptophanyl-tRNA aminoacylation
Component
cell part cytoplasm intracellular part

Enzyme 54 General Function

Involved in nucleotide binding

Enzyme 54 Specific Function

ATP + L-tryptophan + tRNA(Trp) = AMP + diphosphate + L-tryptophyl-tRNA(Trp)

Enzyme 54 Pathways

Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (map00970 )
Tryptophan Metabolism (map00380 )

Enzyme 54 Reactions

ATP + L-tryptophan + tRNATrp = AMP + diphosphate + L-tryptophyl-tRNATrp [RN:R03664]

Enzyme 54 Pfam Domain Function

tRNA-synt_1b (PF00579 )

Enzyme 54 Signals

None

Enzyme 54 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 54 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 54 GenBank ID Protein

6572289

Enzyme 54 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q9UGM6

Enzyme 54 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

SYWM_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 54 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 54 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 54 Gene Sequence

>1083 bp

ATGGCGCTGCACTCAATGCGGAAAGCGCGTGAGCGCTGGAGCTTCATCCGGGCACTTCAT
AAGGGATCCGCAGCTGCTCCCGCTCTCCAGAAAGACAGCAAGAAGCGAGTATTTTCCGGC
ATTCAACCTACAGGAATCCTCCACCTGGGCAATTACCTGGGAGCCATTGAGAGCTGGGTG
AGGTTACAGGATGAATATGACTCTGTATTATACAGCATTGTTGACCTCCACTCCATTACT
GTCCCCCAAGACCCAGCTGTCCTTCGGCAGAGCATCCTGGACATGACTGCTGTTCTTCTT
GCCTGTGGCATAAACCCGGAAAAAAGCATCCTTTTCCAACAATCTCAGGTGTCTGAACAC
ACACAATTAAGTTGGATCCTTTCCTGCATGGTCAGACTACCTCGATTACAACATTTACAT
CAGTGGAAGGCAAAGACTACCAAGCAGAAGCACGATGGCACGGTGGGCCTGCTCACATAC
CCAGTACTCCAGGCAGCCGACATTCTGTTGTACAAGTCCACACACGTTCCTGTTGGGGAG
GATCAAGTCCAGCACATGGAACTAGTTCAGGATCTAGCACAAGGTTTCAACAAGAAGTAT
GGGGAGTTCTTTCCAGTGCCCGAGTCCATTCTCACATCCATGAAGAAGGTAAAATCCCTA
CGTGATCCTTCTGCCAAAATGTCGAAATCAGACCCTGACAAACTGGCCACCGTCCGAATA
ACAGACAGCCCAGAGGAGATAGTGCAGAAATTCCGCAAGGCTGTGACAGACTTCACCTCG
GAGGTCACCTATGACCCGGCTGGCCGCGCTGGCGTGTCCAACATAGTGGCGGTGCATGCC
GCGGTGACGGGGCTCTCCGTGGAGGAAGTGGTGCGCCGCAGCGCGGGCATGAACACTGCT
CGCTACAAGCTGGCCGTGGCAGATGCTGTGATTGAGAAGTTTGCCCCAATTAAGCGTGAA
ATTGAAAAACTGAAGCTGGACAAGGACCATTTAGAGAAGGTTTTACAAATTGGATCAGCA
AAAGCCAAAGAATTAGCATACACTGTGTGCCAGGAGGTGAAGAAATTGGTGGGTTTTCTA
TAG

Enzyme 54 GenBank Gene ID

AJ242739

Enzyme 54 GeneCard ID

WARS2

Enzyme 54 GenAtlas ID

WARS2

Enzyme 54 HGNC ID

HGNC:12730 Link Image

Enzyme 54 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 54 Locus

1p12

Enzyme 54 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 54 General References

Jorgensen R, Sogaard TM, Rossing AB, Martensen PM, Justesen J: Identification and characterization of human mitochondrial tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jun 2;275(22):16820-6. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 54 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 55 [top]

Enzyme 55 ID

5900

Enzyme 55 Name

Ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase 1

Enzyme 55 Synonyms

PPRibP
Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthase I
PRS-I

Enzyme 55 Gene Name

PRPS1

Enzyme 55 Protein Sequence

>Ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase 1

MPNIKIFSGSSHQDLSQKIADRLGLELGKVVTKKFSNQETCVEIGESVRGEDVYIVQSGC
GEINDNLMELLIMINACKIASASRVTAVIPCFPYARQDKKDKSRAPISAKLVANMLSVAG
ADHIITMDLHASQIQGFFDIPVDNLYAEPAVLKWIRENISEWRNCTIVSPDAGGAKRVTS
IADRLNVDFALIHKERKKANEVDRMVLVGDVKDRVAILVDDMADTCGTICHAADKLLSAG
ATRVYAILTHGIFSGPAISRINNACFEAVVVTNTIPQEDKMKHCSKIQVIDISMILAEAI
RRTHNGESVSYLFSHVPL

Enzyme 55 Number of Residues

318

Enzyme 55 Molecular Weight

34833.9

Enzyme 55 Theoretical pI

6.98

Enzyme 55 GO Classification

Function
binding catalytic activity cation binding diphosphotransferase activity ion binding magnesium ion binding metal ion binding ribose phosphate diphosphokinase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
biosynthetic process cellular biosynthetic process cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process metabolic process nitrogen compound metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process nucleoside metabolic process nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process nucleoside phosphate metabolic process nucleotide biosynthetic process nucleotide metabolic process ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
Component
—

Enzyme 55 General Function

Involved in magnesium ion binding

Enzyme 55 Specific Function

Catalyzes the synthesis of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) that is essential for nucleotide synthesis

Enzyme 55 Pathways

Pentose Pathway (map00030 )
Purine Metabolism (map00230 )

Enzyme 55 Reactions

ATP + D-ribose 5-phosphate = AMP + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate [RN:R01049]

Enzyme 55 Pfam Domain Function

Pribosyltran (PF00156 )

Enzyme 55 Signals

None

Enzyme 55 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 55 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 55 GenBank ID Protein

57208781

Enzyme 55 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P60891

Enzyme 55 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

PRPS1_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 55 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 55 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 55 Gene Sequence

>957 bp

ATGCCGAATATCAAAATCTTCAGCGGCAGCTCCCACCAGGACTTATCTCAGAAAATTGCT
GACCGCCTGGGCCTGGAGCTAGGCAAGGTGGTGACTAAGAAATTCAGCAACCAGGAGACC
TGTGTGGAAATTGGTGAAAGTGTACGTGGAGAGGATGTCTACATTGTTCAGAGTGGTTGT
GGCGAAATCAATGACAATTTAATGGAGCTTTTGATCATGATTAATGCCTGCAAGATTGCT
TCAGCCAGCCGGGTTACTGCAGTCATCCCATGCTTCCCTTATGCCCGGCAGGATAAGAAA
GATAAGAGCCGGGCGCCAATCTCAGCCAAGCTTGTTGCAAATATGCTATCTGTAGCAGGT
GCAGATCATATTATCACCATGGACCTACATGCTTCTCAAATTCAGGGCTTTTTTGATATC
CCAGTAGACAATTTGTATGCAGAGCCGGCTGTCCTAAAGTGGATAAGGGAGAATATCTCT
GAGTGGAGGAACTGCACTATTGTCTCACCTGATGCTGGTGGAGCTAAGAGAGTGACCTCC
ATTGCAGACAGGCTGAATGTGGACTTTGCCTTGATTCACAAAGAACGGAAGAAGGCCAAT
GAAGTGGACCGCATGGTGCTTGTGGGAGATGTGAAGGATCGGGTGGCCATCCTTGTGGAT
GACATGGCTGACACTTGTGGCACAATCTGCCATGCAGCTGACAAACTTCTCTCAGCTGGC
GCCACCAGAGTTTATGCCATCTTGACTCATGGAATCTTCTCCGGTCCTGCTATTTCTCGC
ATCAACAACGCATGCTTTGAGGCAGTAGTAGTCACCAATACCATACCTCAGGAGGACAAG
ATGAAGCATTGCTCCAAAATACAGGTGATTGACATCTCTATGATCCTTGCAGAAGCCATC
AGGAGAACTCACAATGGAGAATCCGTTTCTTACCTATTCAGCCATGTCCCTTTATAA

Enzyme 55 GenBank Gene ID

AL137787

Enzyme 55 GeneCard ID

PRPS1

Enzyme 55 GenAtlas ID

PRPS1

Enzyme 55 HGNC ID

HGNC:9462

Enzyme 55 Chromosome Location

Not Available

Enzyme 55 Locus

Not Available

Enzyme 55 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 55 General References

Roessler BJ, Bell G, Heidler S, Seino S, Becker M, Palella TD: Cloning of two distinct copies of human phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase cDNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Jan 11;18(1):193. [PubMed ]
Sonoda T, Taira M, Ishijima S, Ishizuka T, Iizasa T, Tatibana M: Complete nucleotide sequence of human phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase subunit I (PRS I) cDNA and a comparison with human and rat PRPS gene families. J Biochem (Tokyo). 1991 Feb;109(2):361-4. [PubMed ]
Deloukas P, Earthrowl ME, Grafham DV, Rubenfield M, French L, Steward CA, Sims SK, Jones MC, Searle S, Scott C, Howe K, Hunt SE, Andrews TD, Gilbert JG, Swarbreck D, Ashurst JL, Taylor A, Battles J, Bird CP, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ashwell RI, Ambrose KD, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Bates K, Beasley H, Bray-Allen S, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Cahill P, Camire D, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Corby N, Coulson A, Dhami P, Dutta I, Dunn M, Faulkner L, Frankish A, Frankland JA, Garner P, Garnett J, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Grocock R, Gustafson E, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart E, Heath PD, Ho TP, Hopkins B, Horne J, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Hynds C, Johnson C, Johnson D, Kana A, Kay M, Kimberley AM, Kershaw JK, Kokkinaki M, Laird GK, Lawlor S, Lee HM, Leongamornlert DA, Laird G, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, McLaren S, McLay KE, McMurray A, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Milne S, Nickerson T, Nguyen M, Overton-Larty E, Palmer SA, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phillimore B, Porter K, Rice CM, Rogosin A, Ross MT, Sarafidou T, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Skuce CD, Smith M, Standring L, Sycamore N, Tester J, Thorpe A, Torcasso W, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tsolas J, Wall M, Walsh J, Wang H, Weinstock K, West AP, Willey DL, Whitehead SL, Wilming L, Wray PW, Young L, Chen Y, Lovering RC, Moschonas NK, Siebert R, Fechtel K, Bentley D, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Doucette-Stamm L, Beck S, Smith DR, Rogers J: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10. Nature. 2004 May 27;429(6990):375-81. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Ishizuka T, Iizasa T, Taira M, Ishijima S, Sonoda T, Shimada H, Nagatake N, Tatibana M: Promoter regions of the human X-linked housekeeping genes PRPS1 and PRPS2 encoding phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase subunit I and II isoforms. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992 Mar 24;1130(2):139-48. [PubMed ]
Li S, Lu Y, Peng B, Ding J: Crystal structure of human phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase 1 reveals a novel allosteric site. Biochem J. 2007 Jan 1;401(1):39-47. [PubMed ]
Becker MA, Smith PR, Taylor W, Mustafi R, Switzer RL: The genetic and functional basis of purine nucleotide feedback-resistant phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase superactivity. J Clin Invest. 1995 Nov;96(5):2133-41. [PubMed ]
Sjoblom T, Jones S, Wood LD, Parsons DW, Lin J, Barber TD, Mandelker D, Leary RJ, Ptak J, Silliman N, Szabo S, Buckhaults P, Farrell C, Meeh P, Markowitz SD, Willis J, Dawson D, Willson JK, Gazdar AF, Hartigan J, Wu L, Liu C, Parmigiani G, Park BH, Bachman KE, Papadopoulos N, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Velculescu VE: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):268-74. Epub 2006 Sep 7. [PubMed ]
de Brouwer AP, Williams KL, Duley JA, van Kuilenburg AB, Nabuurs SB, Egmont-Petersen M, Lugtenberg D, Zoetekouw L, Banning MJ, Roeffen M, Hamel BC, Weaving L, Ouvrier RA, Donald JA, Wevers RA, Christodoulou J, van Bokhoven H: Arts syndrome is caused by loss-of-function mutations in PRPS1. Am J Hum Genet. 2007 Sep;81(3):507-18. Epub 2007 Aug 3. [PubMed ]
Kim HJ, Sohn KM, Shy ME, Krajewski KM, Hwang M, Park JH, Jang SY, Won HH, Choi BO, Hong SH, Kim BJ, Suh YL, Ki CS, Lee SY, Kim SH, Kim JW: Mutations in PRPS1, which encodes the phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase enzyme critical for nucleotide biosynthesis, cause hereditary peripheral neuropathy with hearing loss and optic neuropathy (cmtx5). Am J Hum Genet. 2007 Sep;81(3):552-8. Epub 2007 Jun 29. [PubMed ]
Liu X, Han D, Li J, Han B, Ouyang X, Cheng J, Li X, Jin Z, Wang Y, Bitner-Glindzicz M, Kong X, Xu H, Kantardzhieva A, Eavey RD, Seidman CE, Seidman JG, Du LL, Chen ZY, Dai P, Teng M, Yan D, Yuan H: Loss-of-function mutations in the PRPS1 gene cause a type of nonsyndromic X-linked sensorineural deafness, DFN2. Am J Hum Genet. 2010 Jan;86(1):65-71. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 55 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 56 [top]

Enzyme 56 ID

5901

Enzyme 56 Name

Seryl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial

Enzyme 56 Synonyms

SerRSmt
Serine--tRNA ligase
SerRS
Seryl-tRNA(Ser/Sec) synthetase

Enzyme 56 Gene Name

SARS2

Enzyme 56 Protein Sequence

>Seryl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial

MAASMARRLWPLLTRRGFRPRGGCISNDSPRRSFTTEKRNRNLLYEYAREGYSALPQLDI
ERFCACPEEAAHALELRKGELRSADLPAIISTWQELRQLQEQIRSLEEEKAAVTEAVRAL
LANQDSGEVQQDPKYQGLRARGREIRKELVHLYPREAQLEEQFYLQALKLPNQTHPDVPV
GDESQARVLHMVGDKPVFSFQPRGHLEIGEKLDIIRQKRLSHVSGHRSYYLRGAGALLQH
GLVNFTFNKLLRRGFTPMTVPDLLRGAVFEGCGMTPNANPSQIYNIDPARFKDLNLAGTA
EVGLAGYFMDHTVAFRDLPVRMVCSSTCYRAETNTGQEPRGLYRVHHFTKVEMFGVTGPG
LEQSSQLLEEFLSLQMEILTELGLHFRVLDMPTQELGLPAYRKFDIEAWMPGRGRFGEVT
SASNCTDFQSRRLHIMFQTEAGELQFAHTVNATACAVPRLLIALLESNQQKDGSVLVPPA
LQSYLGTDRITAPTHVPLQYIGPNQPRKPGLPGQPAVS

Enzyme 56 Number of Residues

518

Enzyme 56 Molecular Weight

58282.1

Enzyme 56 Theoretical pI

8.22

Enzyme 56 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity binding catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds nucleoside binding nucleotide binding purine nucleoside binding serine-tRNA ligase activity
Process
RNA metabolic process biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process ncRNA metabolic process seryl-tRNA aminoacylation tRNA aminoacylation tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation tRNA metabolic process translation
Component
cell part cytoplasm intracellular part

Enzyme 56 General Function

Involved in nucleotide binding

Enzyme 56 Specific Function

Catalyzes the attachment of serine to tRNA(Ser). Is also able to aminoacylate tRNA(Sec) with serine, to form the misacylated tRNA L-seryl-tRNA(Sec), which will be further converted into selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec)

Enzyme 56 Pathways

Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (map00970 )
Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism (map00260 )

Enzyme 56 Reactions

ATP + L-serine + tRNASer = AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNASer [RN:R03662]

Enzyme 56 Pfam Domain Function

tRNA-synt_2b (PF00587 )

Enzyme 56 Signals

None

Enzyme 56 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 56 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 56 GenBank ID Protein

9188535

Enzyme 56 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q9NP81

Enzyme 56 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

SYSM_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 56 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 56 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 56 Gene Sequence

>1557 bp

ATGGCTGCGTCCATGGCGCGGCGCTTGTGGCCTTTGCTGACTCGTCGGGGGTTCCGGCCC
CGGGGAGGCTGCATCTCCAACGATAGTCCAAGGAGAAGTTTCACTACAGAGAAACGAAAC
CGGAACCTCCTGTACGAGTATGCGCGCGAGGGCTACAGCGCACTCCCTCAGCTGGACATA
GAGCGGTTCTGCGCATGCCCAGAAGAGGCCGCACACGCCCTGGAGCTCCGCAAGGGGGAG
CTGCGCTCGGCGGACCTGCCCGCGATCATCTCGACATGGCAGGAGCTGAGGCAGCTGCAG
GAGCAGATCCGGAGCCTGGAGGAAGAGAAGGCAGCTGTGACTGAGGCAGTGCGGGCCCTG
CTGGCAAACCAGGACAGTGGTGAAGTGCAGCAGGACCCCAAGTACCAGGGTCTGCGGGCA
CGTGGCCGGGAGATCCGGAAGGAGCTTGTTCACCTGTACCCCAGGGAGGCCCAGCTTGAG
GAGCAGTTCTACCTGCAGGCGCTGAAGCTGCCCAACCAGACCCACCCAGACGTGCCCGTC
GGGGATGAGAGCCAGGCTCGAGTGCTCCACATGGTCGGAGACAAGCCAGTTTTCTCCTTC
CAACCTCGGGGCCACCTGGAAATTGGCGAGAAACTCGACATCATCCGTCAGAAGCGCCTG
TCCCACGTGTCTGGCCACCGGTCCTATTACCTGCGCGGGGCTGGAGCCCTCCTGCAGCAC
GGCCTGGTCAACTTCACATTCAACAAGCTTCTCCGCCGGGGCTTCACCCCCATGACGGTG
CCAGACCTTCTCCGCGGAGCAGTGTTTGAAGGCTGTGGGATGACACCAAATGCCAACCCA
TCCCAAATTTACAACATCGACCCTGCCCGCTTCAAAGATCTCAACCTGGCTGGAACAGCG
GAGGTGGGGCTTGCAGGCTACTTCATGGACCACACCGTGGCCTTCAGGGACCTGCCAGTC
AGGATGGTTTGCTCCAGCACCTGCTACCGGGCAGAGACAAACACGGGACAGGAACCCCGG
GGGCTGTATCGAGTACACCACTTCACCAAGGTGGAGATGTTTGGGGTGACAGGCCCTGGG
CTGGAGCAGAGCTCACAGCTGCTGGAGGAGTTCCTGTCCCTTCAGATGGAGATCTTGACA
GAGCTGGGCTTGCACTTCCGGGTCCTGGATATGCCCACCCAAGAACTGGGCCTCCCCGCC
TACCGCAAGTTTGACATTGAGGCCTGGATGCCAGGCCGAGGCCGCTTTGGAGAGGTCACC
AGTGCTTCCAACTGCACAGACTTCCAGAGCCGCCGCCTCCACATCATGTTCCAGACCGAG
GCTGGGGAGCTGCAGTTTGCCCACACGGTGAACGCCACCGCCTGTGCTGTCCCCCGCCTT
CTCATCGCGCTCCTGGAGAGTAACCAGCAGAAGGACGGCTCAGTGCTCGTGCCCCCTGCC
CTCCAGTCCTACCTCGGCACTGATCGGATCACAGCCCCTACCCACGTGCCTCTCCAGTAC
ATCGGCCCCAACCAGCCCCGGAAGCCTGGGCTGCCTGGCCAGCCTGCTGTAAGCTAA

Enzyme 56 GenBank Gene ID

AB029948

Enzyme 56 GeneCard ID

SARS2

Enzyme 56 GenAtlas ID

SARS2

Enzyme 56 HGNC ID

HGNC:17697 Link Image

Enzyme 56 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 56 Locus

19q13.2

Enzyme 56 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 56 General References

Yokogawa T, Shimada N, Takeuchi N, Benkowski L, Suzuki T, Omori A, Ueda T, Nishikawa K, Spremulli LL, Watanabe K: Characterization and tRNA recognition of mammalian mitochondrial seryl-tRNA synthetase. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jun 30;275(26):19913-20. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Grimwood J, Gordon LA, Olsen A, Terry A, Schmutz J, Lamerdin J, Hellsten U, Goodstein D, Couronne O, Tran-Gyamfi M, Aerts A, Altherr M, Ashworth L, Bajorek E, Black S, Branscomb E, Caenepeel S, Carrano A, Caoile C, Chan YM, Christensen M, Cleland CA, Copeland A, Dalin E, Dehal P, Denys M, Detter JC, Escobar J, Flowers D, Fotopulos D, Garcia C, Georgescu AM, Glavina T, Gomez M, Gonzales E, Groza M, Hammon N, Hawkins T, Haydu L, Ho I, Huang W, Israni S, Jett J, Kadner K, Kimball H, Kobayashi A, Larionov V, Leem SH, Lopez F, Lou Y, Lowry S, Malfatti S, Martinez D, McCready P, Medina C, Morgan J, Nelson K, Nolan M, Ovcharenko I, Pitluck S, Pollard M, Popkie AP, Predki P, Quan G, Ramirez L, Rash S, Retterer J, Rodriguez A, Rogers S, Salamov A, Salazar A, She X, Smith D, Slezak T, Solovyev V, Thayer N, Tice H, Tsai M, Ustaszewska A, Vo N, Wagner M, Wheeler J, Wu K, Xie G, Yang J, Dubchak I, Furey TS, DeJong P, Dickson M, Gordon D, Eichler EE, Pennacchio LA, Richardson P, Stubbs L, Rokhsar DS, Myers RM, Rubin EM, Lucas SM: The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19. Nature. 2004 Apr 1;428(6982):529-35. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Rikova K, Guo A, Zeng Q, Possemato A, Yu J, Haack H, Nardone J, Lee K, Reeves C, Li Y, Hu Y, Tan Z, Stokes M, Sullivan L, Mitchell J, Wetzel R, Macneill J, Ren JM, Yuan J, Bakalarski CE, Villen J, Kornhauser JM, Smith B, Li D, Zhou X, Gygi SP, Gu TL, Polakiewicz RD, Rush J, Comb MJ: Global survey of phosphotyrosine signaling identifies oncogenic kinases in lung cancer. Cell. 2007 Dec 14;131(6):1190-203. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 56 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 57 [top]

Enzyme 57 ID

5904

Enzyme 57 Name

Ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase 2

Enzyme 57 Synonyms

PPRibP
Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthase II
PRS-II

Enzyme 57 Gene Name

PRPS2

Enzyme 57 Protein Sequence

>Ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase 2

MPNIVLFSGSSHQDLSQRVADRLGLELGKVVTKKFSNQETSVEIGESVRGEDVYIIQSGC
GEINDNLMELLIMINACKIASSSRVTAVIPCFPYARQDKKDKSRAPISAKLVANMLSVAG
ADHIITMDLHASQIQGFFDIPVDNLYAEPAVLQWIRENIAEWKNCIIVSPDAGGAKRVTS
IADRLNVEFALIHKERKKANEVDRMVLVGDVKDRVAILVDDMADTCGTICHAADKLLSAG
ATKVYAILTHGIFSGPAISRINNAAFEAVVVTNTIPQEDKMKHCTKIQVIDISMILAEAI
RRTHNGESVSYLFSHVPL

Enzyme 57 Number of Residues

318

Enzyme 57 Molecular Weight

34768.8

Enzyme 57 Theoretical pI

6.60

Enzyme 57 GO Classification

Function
binding catalytic activity cation binding diphosphotransferase activity ion binding magnesium ion binding metal ion binding ribose phosphate diphosphokinase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
biosynthetic process cellular biosynthetic process cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process metabolic process nitrogen compound metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process nucleoside metabolic process nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process nucleoside phosphate metabolic process nucleotide biosynthetic process nucleotide metabolic process ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
Component
—

Enzyme 57 General Function

Involved in magnesium ion binding

Enzyme 57 Specific Function

Catalyzes the synthesis of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) that is essential for nucleotide synthesis

Enzyme 57 Pathways

Pentose Pathway (map00030 )
Purine Metabolism (map00230 )

Enzyme 57 Reactions

ATP + D-ribose 5-phosphate = AMP + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate [RN:R01049]

Enzyme 57 Pfam Domain Function

Pribosyltran (PF00156 )

Enzyme 57 Signals

None

Enzyme 57 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 57 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 57 GenBank ID Protein

4506129

Enzyme 57 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P11908

Enzyme 57 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

PRPS2_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 57 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 57 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 57 Gene Sequence

>957 bp

ATGCCCAACATCGTGCTGTTCAGCGGCAGCTCGCATCAGGACCTGTCCCAGCGCGTGGCC
GACCGCCTGGGCCTGGAGCTGGGCAAGGTGGTCACGAAGAAGTTCAGCAACCAGGAGACC
AGCGTGGAGATTGGTGAAAGCGTGAGAGGGGAAGATGTCTACATCATCCAGAGCGGCTGC
GGGGAAATTAACGACAACCTGATGGAACTCCTCATCATGATCAATGCCTGCAAGATTGCG
TCATCATCCAGAGTAACTGCCGTGATCCCGTGTTTCCCATACGCCCGACAAGATAAAAAG
GACAAGAGTCGTGCCCCAATTTCTGCAAAACTTGTGGCCAATATGCTGTCGGTGGCTGGG
GCGGATCACATCATCACCATGGACCTGCATGCTTCTCAGATACAGGGATTCTTTGATATT
CCTGTGGATAATTTGTATGCGGAGCCCGCAGTCCTGCAGTGGATTCGGGAAAACATTGCC
GAGTGGAAGAACTGTATCATTGTTTCACCTGACGCAGGGGGAGCCAAAAGGGTTACATCA
ATTGCAGACAGGTTGAATGTGGAATTTGCTTTGATCCACAAAGAGAGGAAGAAGGCGAAT
GAAGTGGACCGGATGGTCCTGGTGGGCGACGTGAAGGACCGTGTGGCCATCCTCGTGGAT
GACATGGCTGACACTTGCGGCACCATCTGCCATGCTGCGGACAAGCTGCTGTCAGCTGGA
GCCACCAAAGTGTATGCTATCCTTACCCATGGGATCTTCTCTGGACCAGCTATTTCCAGA
ATAAATAATGCCGCCTTTGAGGCTGTTGTCGTCACAAACACAATTCCGCAAGAGGACAAA
ATGAAACACTGCACCAAGATTCAGGTCATTGACATTTCCATGATCTTGGCCGAAGCAATC
CGAAGGACACACAATGGGGAATCCGTGTCCTACCTGTTCAGCCATGTCCCGCTATAA

Enzyme 57 GenBank Gene ID

NM_002765.4 Link Image

Enzyme 57 GeneCard ID

PRPS2

Enzyme 57 GenAtlas ID

PRPS2

Enzyme 57 HGNC ID

HGNC:9465

Enzyme 57 Chromosome Location

Not Available

Enzyme 57 Locus

Not Available

Enzyme 57 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 57 General References

Iizasa T, Taira M, Shimada H, Ishijima S, Tatibana M: Molecular cloning and sequencing of human cDNA for phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase subunit II. FEBS Lett. 1989 Feb 13;244(1):47-50. [PubMed ]
Iizasa T, Taira M, Shimada H, Tatibana M: Deduced amino acid sequence from human phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase subunit II cDNA. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1989;253A:519-23. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Ishizuka T, Iizasa T, Taira M, Ishijima S, Sonoda T, Shimada H, Nagatake N, Tatibana M: Promoter regions of the human X-linked housekeeping genes PRPS1 and PRPS2 encoding phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase subunit I and II isoforms. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992 Mar 24;1130(2):139-48. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 57 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 58 [top]

Enzyme 58 ID

5907

Enzyme 58 Name

SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9

Enzyme 58 Synonyms

SUMO-protein ligase
Ubiquitin carrier protein 9
Ubiquitin carrier protein I
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 I
Ubiquitin-protein ligase I
p18

Enzyme 58 Gene Name

UBE2I

Enzyme 58 Protein Sequence

>SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9

MSGIALSRLAQERKAWRKDHPFGFVAVPTKNPDGTMNLMNWECAIPGKKGTPWEGGLFKL
RMLFKDDYPSSPPKCKFEPPLFHPNVYPSGTVCLSILEEDKDWRPAITIKQILLGIQELL
NEPNIQDPAQAEAYTIYCQNRVEYEKRVRAQAKKFAPS

Enzyme 58 Number of Residues

158

Enzyme 58 Molecular Weight

18006.7

Enzyme 58 Theoretical pI

8.90

Enzyme 58 GO Classification

Function
acid-amino acid ligase activity catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds small conjugating protein ligase activity
Process
biological regulation macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule modification metabolic process post-translational protein modification protein modification process regulation of biological process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of metabolic process regulation of protein metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 58 General Function

Involved in acid-amino acid ligase activity

Enzyme 58 Specific Function

Accepts the ubiquitin-like proteins SUMO1, SUMO2, SUMO3 and SUMO4 from the UBLE1A-UBLE1B E1 complex and catalyzes their covalent attachment to other proteins with the help of an E3 ligase such as RANBP2 or CBX4. Necessary for sumoylation of FOXL2 and KAT5. Essential for nuclear architecture and chromosome segregation

Enzyme 58 Pathways

Not Available

Enzyme 58 Reactions

Not Available

Enzyme 58 Pfam Domain Function

UQ_con (PF00179 )

Enzyme 58 Signals

None

Enzyme 58 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 58 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 58 GenBank ID Protein

4507785

Enzyme 58 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P63279

Enzyme 58 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

UBC9_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 58 PDB ID

1KPS

Enzyme 58 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 58 3D Structure

Enzyme 58 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 58 Gene Sequence

>477 bp

ATGTCGGGGATCGCCCTCAGCAGACTCGCCCAGGAGAGGAAAGCATGGAGGAAAGACCAC
CCATTTGGTTTCGTGGCTGTCCCAACAAAAAATCCCGATGGCACGATGAACCTCATGAAC
TGGGAGTGCGCCATTCCAGGAAAGAAAGGGACTCCGTGGGAAGGAGGCTTGTTTAAACTA
CGGATGCTTTTCAAAGATGATTATCCATCTTCGCCACCAAAATGTAAATTCGAACCACCA
TTATTTCACCCGAATGTGTACCCTTCGGGGACAGTGTGCCTGTCCATCTTAGAGGAGGAC
AAGGACTGGAGGCCAGCCATCACAATCAAACAGATCCTATTAGGAATACAGGAACTTCTA
AATGAACCAAATATCCAAGACCCAGCTCAAGCAGAGGCCTACACGATTTACTGCCAAAAC
AGAGTGGAGTACGAGAAAAGGGTCCGAGCACAAGCCAAGAAGTTTGCGCCCTCATAA

Enzyme 58 GenBank Gene ID

NM_003345.3 Link Image

Enzyme 58 GeneCard ID

UBE2I

Enzyme 58 GenAtlas ID

UBE2I

Enzyme 58 HGNC ID

HGNC:12485 Link Image

Enzyme 58 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 58 Locus

16p13.3

Enzyme 58 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 58 General References

Yasugi T, Howley PM: Identification of the structural and functional human homolog of the yeast ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBC9. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996 Jun 1;24(11):2005-10. [PubMed ]
Tachibana M, Iwata N, Watanabe A, Nobukuni Y, Ploplis B, Kajigaya S: Assignment of the gene for a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (UBE2I) to human chromosome band 16p13.3 by in situ hybridization. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1996;75(4):222-3. [PubMed ]
Watanabe TK, Fujiwara T, Kawai A, Shimizu F, Takami S, Hirano H, Okuno S, Ozaki K, Takeda S, Shimada Y, Nagata M, Takaichi A, Takahashi E, Nakamura Y, Shin S: Cloning, expression, and mapping of UBE2I, a novel gene encoding a human homologue of yeast ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes which are critical for regulating the cell cycle. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1996;72(1):86-9. [PubMed ]
Masson M, Menissier-de Murcia J, Mattei MG, de Murcia G, Niedergang CP: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase interacts with a novel human ubiquitin conjugating enzyme: hUbc9. Gene. 1997 May 6;190(2):287-96. [PubMed ]
Kovalenko OV, Plug AW, Haaf T, Gonda DK, Ashley T, Ward DC, Radding CM, Golub EI: Mammalian ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 interacts with Rad51 recombination protein and localizes in synaptonemal complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Apr 2;93(7):2958-63. [PubMed ]
Jiang W, Koltin Y: Two-hybrid interaction of a human UBC9 homolog with centromere proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Gen Genet. 1996 May 23;251(2):153-60. [PubMed ]
Wang ZY, Qiu QQ, Seufert W, Taguchi T, Testa JR, Whitmore SA, Callen DF, Welsh D, Shenk T, Deuel TF: Molecular cloning of the cDNA and chromosome localization of the gene for human ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 9. J Biol Chem. 1996 Oct 4;271(40):24811-6. [PubMed ]
Hahn SL, Wasylyk B, Criqui-Filipe P: Modulation of ETS-1 transcriptional activity by huUBC9, a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. Oncogene. 1997 Sep 18;15(12):1489-95. [PubMed ]
Daniels RJ, Peden JF, Lloyd C, Horsley SW, Clark K, Tufarelli C, Kearney L, Buckle VJ, Doggett NA, Flint J, Higgs DR: Sequence, structure and pathology of the fully annotated terminal 2 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 16. Hum Mol Genet. 2001 Feb 15;10(4):339-52. [PubMed ]
Martin J, Han C, Gordon LA, Terry A, Prabhakar S, She X, Xie G, Hellsten U, Chan YM, Altherr M, Couronne O, Aerts A, Bajorek E, Black S, Blumer H, Branscomb E, Brown NC, Bruno WJ, Buckingham JM, Callen DF, Campbell CS, Campbell ML, Campbell EW, Caoile C, Challacombe JF, Chasteen LA, Chertkov O, Chi HC, Christensen M, Clark LM, Cohn JD, Denys M, Detter JC, Dickson M, Dimitrijevic-Bussod M, Escobar J, Fawcett JJ, Flowers D, Fotopulos D, Glavina T, Gomez M, Gonzales E, Goodstein D, Goodwin LA, Grady DL, Grigoriev I, Groza M, Hammon N, Hawkins T, Haydu L, Hildebrand CE, Huang W, Israni S, Jett J, Jewett PB, Kadner K, Kimball H, Kobayashi A, Krawczyk MC, Leyba T, Longmire JL, Lopez F, Lou Y, Lowry S, Ludeman T, Manohar CF, Mark GA, McMurray KL, Meincke LJ, Morgan J, Moyzis RK, Mundt MO, Munk AC, Nandkeshwar RD, Pitluck S, Pollard M, Predki P, Parson-Quintana B, Ramirez L, Rash S, Retterer J, Ricke DO, Robinson DL, Rodriguez A, Salamov A, Saunders EH, Scott D, Shough T, Stallings RL, Stalvey M, Sutherland RD, Tapia R, Tesmer JG, Thayer N, Thompson LS, Tice H, Torney DC, Tran-Gyamfi M, Tsai M, Ulanovsky LE, Ustaszewska A, Vo N, White PS, Williams AL, Wills PL, Wu JR, Wu K, Yang J, Dejong P, Bruce D, Doggett NA, Deaven L, Schmutz J, Grimwood J, Richardson P, Rokhsar DS, Eichler EE, Gilna P, Lucas SM, Myers RM, Rubin EM, Pennacchio LA: The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16. Nature. 2004 Dec 23;432(7020):988-94. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Hateboer G, Hijmans EM, Nooij JB, Schlenker S, Jentsch S, Bernards R: mUBC9, a novel adenovirus E1A-interacting protein that complements a yeast cell cycle defect. J Biol Chem. 1996 Oct 18;271(42):25906-11. [PubMed ]
Hu G, Zhang S, Vidal M, Baer JL, Xu T, Fearon ER: Mammalian homologs of seven in absentia regulate DCC via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Genes Dev. 1997 Oct 15;11(20):2701-14. [PubMed ]
Poukka H, Aarnisalo P, Karvonen U, Palvimo JJ, Janne OA: Ubc9 interacts with the androgen receptor and activates receptor-dependent transcription. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jul 2;274(27):19441-6. [PubMed ]
Tatham MH, Jaffray E, Vaughan OA, Desterro JM, Botting CH, Naismith JH, Hay RT: Polymeric chains of SUMO-2 and SUMO-3 are conjugated to protein substrates by SAE1/SAE2 and Ubc9. J Biol Chem. 2001 Sep 21;276(38):35368-74. Epub 2001 Jul 12. [PubMed ]
Eloranta JJ, Hurst HC: Transcription factor AP-2 interacts with the SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9 and is sumolated in vivo. J Biol Chem. 2002 Aug 23;277(34):30798-804. Epub 2002 Jun 18. [PubMed ]
Tatham MH, Chen Y, Hay RT: Role of two residues proximal to the active site of Ubc9 in substrate recognition by the Ubc9.SUMO-1 thiolester complex. Biochemistry. 2003 Mar 25;42(11):3168-79. [PubMed ]
Tatham MH, Kim S, Yu B, Jaffray E, Song J, Zheng J, Rodriguez MS, Hay RT, Chen Y: Role of an N-terminal site of Ubc9 in SUMO-1, -2, and -3 binding and conjugation. Biochemistry. 2003 Aug 26;42(33):9959-69. [PubMed ]
Pichler A, Knipscheer P, Saitoh H, Sixma TK, Melchior F: The RanBP2 SUMO E3 ligase is neither HECT- nor RING-type. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2004 Oct;11(10):984-91. Epub 2004 Sep 19. [PubMed ]
Tatham MH, Kim S, Jaffray E, Song J, Chen Y, Hay RT: Unique binding interactions among Ubc9, SUMO and RanBP2 reveal a mechanism for SUMO paralog selection. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2005 Jan;12(1):67-74. Epub 2004 Dec 19. [PubMed ]
Li T, Santockyte R, Shen RF, Tekle E, Wang G, Yang DC, Chock PB: A general approach for investigating enzymatic pathways and substrates for ubiquitin-like modifiers. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2006 Sep 1;453(1):70-4. Epub 2006 Mar 20. [PubMed ]
Pan X, Li H, Zhang P, Jin B, Man J, Tian L, Su G, Zhao J, Li W, Liu H, Gong W, Zhou T, Zhang X: Ubc9 interacts with SOX4 and represses its transcriptional activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Jun 9;344(3):727-34. Epub 2006 Apr 17. [PubMed ]
Tomoiu A, Gravel A, Tanguay RM, Flamand L: Functional interaction between human herpesvirus 6 immediate-early 2 protein and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 9 in the absence of sumoylation. J Virol. 2006 Oct;80(20):10218-28. [PubMed ]
Carbia-Nagashima A, Gerez J, Perez-Castro C, Paez-Pereda M, Silberstein S, Stalla GK, Holsboer F, Arzt E: RSUME, a small RWD-containing protein, enhances SUMO conjugation and stabilizes HIF-1alpha during hypoxia. Cell. 2007 Oct 19;131(2):309-23. [PubMed ]
Meierhofer D, Wang X, Huang L, Kaiser P: Quantitative analysis of global ubiquitination in HeLa cells by mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res. 2008 Oct;7(10):4566-76. Epub 2008 Sep 10. [PubMed ]
Cheng Z, Ke Y, Ding X, Wang F, Wang H, Wang W, Ahmed K, Liu Z, Xu Y, Aikhionbare F, Yan H, Liu J, Xue Y, Yu J, Powell M, Liang S, Wu Q, Reddy SE, Hu R, Huang H, Jin C, Yao X: Functional characterization of TIP60 sumoylation in UV-irradiated DNA damage response. Oncogene. 2008 Feb 7;27(7):931-41. Epub 2007 Aug 20. [PubMed ]
Lee B, Muller MT: SUMOylation enhances DNA methyltransferase 1 activity. Biochem J. 2009 Jul 15;421(3):449-61. [PubMed ]
Kuo FT, Bentsi-Barnes IK, Barlow GM, Bae J, Pisarska MD: Sumoylation of forkhead L2 by Ubc9 is required for its activity as a transcriptional repressor of the Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory gene. Cell Signal. 2009 Dec;21(12):1935-44. Epub 2009 Sep 8. [PubMed ]
Figueroa-Romero C, Iniguez-Lluhi JA, Stadler J, Chang CR, Arnoult D, Keller PJ, Hong Y, Blackstone C, Feldman EL: SUMOylation of the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 occurs at multiple nonconsensus sites within the B domain and is linked to its activity cycle. FASEB J. 2009 Nov;23(11):3917-27. Epub 2009 Jul 28. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
Yousef AF, Fonseca GJ, Pelka P, Ablack JN, Walsh C, Dick FA, Bazett-Jones DP, Shaw GS, Mymryk JS: Identification of a molecular recognition feature in the E1A oncoprotein that binds the SUMO conjugase UBC9 and likely interferes with polySUMOylation. Oncogene. 2010 Aug 19;29(33):4693-704. Epub 2010 Jun 14. [PubMed ]
Tong H, Hateboer G, Perrakis A, Bernards R, Sixma TK: Crystal structure of murine/human Ubc9 provides insight into the variability of the ubiquitin-conjugating system. J Biol Chem. 1997 Aug 22;272(34):21381-7. [PubMed ]
Bernier-Villamor V, Sampson DA, Matunis MJ, Lima CD: Structural basis for E2-mediated SUMO conjugation revealed by a complex between ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 and RanGAP1. Cell. 2002 Feb 8;108(3):345-56. [PubMed ]
Reverter D, Lima CD: Insights into E3 ligase activity revealed by a SUMO-RanGAP1-Ubc9-Nup358 complex. Nature. 2005 Jun 2;435(7042):687-92. [PubMed ]
Yunus AA, Lima CD: Lysine activation and functional analysis of E2-mediated conjugation in the SUMO pathway. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2006 Jun;13(6):491-9. Epub 2006 May 28. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 58 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 59 [top]

Enzyme 59 ID

5914

Enzyme 59 Name

Probable histidyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial

Enzyme 59 Synonyms

Histidine--tRNA ligase
HisRS
Histidine--tRNA ligase-like

Enzyme 59 Gene Name

HARS2

Enzyme 59 Protein Sequence

>Probable histidyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial

MPLLGLLPRRAWASLLSQLLRPPCASCTGAVRCQSQVAEAVLTSQLKAHQEKPNFIIKTP
KGTRDLSPQHMVVREKILDLVISCFKRHGAKGMDTPAFELKETLTEKYGEDSGLMYDLKD
QGGELLSLRYDLTVPFARYLAMNKVKKMKRYHVGKVWRRESPTIVQGRYREFCQCDFDIA
GQFDPMIPDAECLKIMCEILSGLQLGDFLIKVNDRRIVDGMFAVCGVPESKFRAICSSID
KLDKMAWKDVRHEMVVKKGLAPEVADRIGDYVQCHGGVSLVEQMFQDPRLSQNKQALEGL
GDLKLLFEYLTLFGIADKISFDLSLARGLDYYTGVIYEAVLLQTPTQAGEEPLNVGSVAA
GGRYDGLVGMFDPKGHKVPCVGLSIGVERIFYIVEQRMKTKGEKVRTTETQVFVATPQKN
FLQERLKLIAELWDSGIKAEMLYKNNPKLLTQLHYCESTGIPLVVIIGEQELKEGVIKIR
SVASREEVAIKRENFVAEIQKRLSES

Enzyme 59 Number of Residues

506

Enzyme 59 Molecular Weight

56887.9

Enzyme 59 Theoretical pI

8.35

Enzyme 59 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity binding catalytic activity histidine-tRNA ligase activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds nucleoside binding nucleotide binding purine nucleoside binding
Process
RNA metabolic process biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule metabolic process histidyl-tRNA aminoacylation macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process ncRNA metabolic process tRNA aminoacylation tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation tRNA metabolic process translation
Component
cell part cytoplasm intracellular part

Enzyme 59 General Function

Involved in nucleotide binding

Enzyme 59 Specific Function

ATP + L-histidine + tRNA(His) = AMP + diphosphate + L-histidyl-tRNA(His)

Enzyme 59 Pathways

Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (map00970 )
Histidine Metabolism (map00340 )

Enzyme 59 Reactions

ATP + L-histidine + tRNAHis = AMP + diphosphate + L-histidyl-tRNAHis [RN:R03655]

Enzyme 59 Pfam Domain Function

HGTP_anticodon (PF03129 )
tRNA-synt_2b (PF00587 )

Enzyme 59 Signals

None

Enzyme 59 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 59 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 59 GenBank ID Protein

Not Available

Enzyme 59 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P49590

Enzyme 59 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

SYHM_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 59 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 59 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 59 Gene Sequence

>1521 bp

ATGCCCCTGCTCGGACTTCTTCCCAGGAGGGCCTGGGCTTCGCTGCTCAGCCAGCTCCTG
CGACCGCCCTGCGCTTCGTGCACCGGGGCGGTCCGTTGCCAAAGCCAGGTTGCAGAGGCA
GTGTTAACATCCCAACTGAAAGCACATCAAGAGAAACCAAATTTTATTATCAAGACCCCA
AAGGGTACCAGGGATCTTAGTCCTCAGCATATGGTTGTGAGGGAGAAAATTCTTGATTTG
GTTATCAGCTGCTTTAAACGTCATGGAGCAAAGGGGATGGACACCCCAGCATTTGAGCTG
AAGGAAACCCTGACTGAGAAGTATGGAGAGGACTCTGGGCTCATGTATGATCTGAAGGAT
CAAGGTGGAGAGCTGTTGTCCCTCCGCTATGACCTTACTGTTCCCTTTGCTCGTTATCTG
GCCATGAATAAGGTGAAGAAGATGAAACGTTATCATGTTGGAAAGGTGTGGCGGCGAGAG
AGCCCAACCATAGTCCAAGGCCGTTATAGGGAGTTCTGCCAGTGTGATTTTGACATTGCT
GGTCAGTTTGACCCTATGATCCCCGATGCAGAGTGTTTGAAGATCATGTGTGAAATCCTA
AGTGGATTGCAGTTGGGAGACTTTCTCATTAAGGTAAATGACCGGCGGATTGTGGATGGG
ATGTTTGCTGTCTGTGGTGTTCCTGAAAGCAAGTTCCGTGCCATCTGCTCCTCCATAGAT
AAACTAGACAAGATGGCTTGGAAAGATGTGAGACATGAGATGGTGGTGAAGAAAGGCCTG
GCTCCTGAGGTGGCTGATCGAATTGGGGACTATGTCCAGTGTCATGGTGGGGTATCCCTA
GTAGAGCAAATGTTTCAGGATCCCAGACTATCCCAGAACAAGCAGGCCCTGGAGGGCCTG
GGAGACCTAAAGCTGCTATTTGAATACCTGACTTTATTTGGAATTGCTGATAAGATCTCC
TTTGACCTCAGCCTGGCTCGGGGCCTAGACTACTATACAGGAGTGATCTATGAAGCAGTG
CTGCTGCAGACCCCAACTCAGGCTGGGGAGGAGCCCCTGAATGTGGGCAGTGTGGCTGCT
GGTGGGCGCTATGATGGGCTGGTGGGCATGTTTGACCCCAAGGGCCACAAGGTGCCATGT
GTGGGACTCAGCATTGGGGTTGAGCGAATCTTCTACATTGTGGAGCAGAGGATGAAGACC
AAAGGTGAGAAGGTGCGGACTACAGAGACTCAAGTGTTTGTGGCCACACCACAGAAGAAC
TTTCTCCAAGAACGGTTGAAGCTTATTGCAGAGCTTTGGGATTCTGGAATCAAGGCAGAG
ATGCTATACAAGAACAACCCCAAACTATTAACCCAGCTGCACTATTGTGAGAGCACAGGC
ATTCCACTGGTGGTCATTATTGGTGAGCAAGAACTGAAAGAAGGGGTCATCAAGATCCGT
TCAGTGGCCAGCAGAGAGGAGGTGGCCATTAAACGGGAAAATTTTGTGGCTGAAATTCAG
AAGCGACTGTCTGAGTCTTGA

Enzyme 59 GenBank Gene ID

U18937

Enzyme 59 GeneCard ID

HARS2

Enzyme 59 GenAtlas ID

HARS2

Enzyme 59 HGNC ID

HGNC:4817

Enzyme 59 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 59 Locus

5q31.3

Enzyme 59 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 59 General References

O'Hanlon TP, Raben N, Miller FW: A novel gene oriented in a head-to-head configuration with the human histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HRS) gene encodes an mRNA that predicts a polypeptide homologous to HRS. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 May 16;210(2):556-66. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 59 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 60 [top]

Enzyme 60 ID

5915

Enzyme 60 Name

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J1

Enzyme 60 Synonyms

Non-canonical ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 1
NCUBE-1
Yeast ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC6 homolog E
HsUBC6e

Enzyme 60 Gene Name

UBE2J1

Enzyme 60 Protein Sequence

>Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J1

METRYNLKSPAVKRLMKEAAELKDPTDHYHAQPLEDNLFEWHFTVRGPPDSDFDGGVYHG
RIVLPPEYPMKPPSIILLTANGRFEVGKKICLSISGHHPETWQPSWSIRTALLAIIGFMP
TKGEGAIGSLDYTPEERRALAKKSQDFCCEGCGSAMKDVLLPLKSGSDSSQADQEAKELA
RQISFKAEVNSSGKTISESDLNHSFSLTDLQDDIPTTFQGATASTSYGLQNSSAASFHQP
TQPVAKNTSMSPRQRRAQQQSQRRLSTSPDVIQGHQPRDNHTDHGGSAVLIVILTLALAA
LIFRRIYLANEYIFDFEL

Enzyme 60 Number of Residues

318

Enzyme 60 Molecular Weight

35198.3

Enzyme 60 Theoretical pI

6.74

Enzyme 60 GO Classification

Function
acid-amino acid ligase activity catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds small conjugating protein ligase activity
Process
biological regulation macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule modification metabolic process post-translational protein modification protein modification process regulation of biological process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of metabolic process regulation of protein metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 60 General Function

Involved in acid-amino acid ligase activity

Enzyme 60 Specific Function

Catalyzes the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to other proteins. Seems to function in the selective degradation of misfolded membrane proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum

Enzyme 60 Pathways

Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis (map04120 )

Enzyme 60 Reactions

ATP + ubiquitin + protein lysine = AMP + diphosphate + protein N-ubiquityllysine [RN:R03876]

Enzyme 60 Pfam Domain Function

UQ_con (PF00179 )

Enzyme 60 Signals

None

Enzyme 60 Transmembrane Regions

283-303

Enzyme 60 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 60 GenBank ID Protein

37577122

Enzyme 60 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q9Y385

Enzyme 60 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

UB2J1_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 60 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 60 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 60 Gene Sequence

>957 bp

ATGGAGACCCGCTACAACCTGAAGAGTCCGGCTGTTAAACGTTTAATGAAAGAAGCGGCA
GAATTGAAAGATCCAACAGATCATTACCATGCGCAGCCTTTAGAGGATAACCTTTTTGAA
TGGCACTTCACGGTTAGAGGGCCCCCAGACTCCGATTTTGATGGAGGAGTTTATCACGGG
CGGATAGTACTGCCACCAGAGTATCCCATGAAACCACCAAGCATTATTCTCCTAACGGCT
AATGGTCGATTTGAAGTGGGCAAGAAAATCTGTTTGAGCATCTCAGGCCATCATCCTGAA
ACTTGGCAGCCTTCGTGGAGTATAAGGACAGCATTATTAGCCATCATTGGGTTTATGCCA
ACAAAAGGAGAGGGAGCCATAGGTTCTCTAGATTACACTCCTGAGGAAAGAAGAGCACTT
GCCAAAAAATCACAAGATTTCTGTTGTGAAGGATGTGGCTCTGCCATGAAGGATGTCCTG
TTGCCTTTAAAATCTGGAAGCGATTCAAGCCAAGCTGACCAAGAAGCCAAAGAACTGGCT
AGGCAAATAAGCTTTAAGGCAGAAGTCAATTCATCTGGAAAGACTATCTCTGAGTCAGAC
TTAAACCACTCTTTTTCACTAACTGATTTACAAGATGATATACCTACAACATTCCAGGGT
GCTACGGCCAGTACATCGTACGGACTCCAGAATTCCTCAGCAGCATCCTTTCATCAACCT
ACCCAACCTGTAGCTAAGAATACCTCCATGAGCCCTCGACAGCGCCGGGCCCAGCAGCAG
AGTCAGAGAAGGTTGTCTACTTCACCAGATGTAATCCAGGGCCACCAGCCAAGAGACAAC
CACACTGATCATGGTGGGTCAGCTGTACTGATTGTCATCCTGACTTTGGCATTGGCAGCT
CTTATATTCCGACGAATATATCTGGCAAACGAATACATATTTGACTTTGAGTTATAA

Enzyme 60 GenBank Gene ID

NM_016021.2 Link Image

Enzyme 60 GeneCard ID

UBE2J1

Enzyme 60 GenAtlas ID

UBE2J1

Enzyme 60 HGNC ID

HGNC:17598 Link Image

Enzyme 60 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 60 Locus

6q15

Enzyme 60 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 60 General References

Lester D, Farquharson C, Russell G, Houston B: Identification of a family of noncanonical ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes structurally related to yeast UBC6. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Mar 16;269(2):474-80. [PubMed ]
Lenk U, Yu H, Walter J, Gelman MS, Hartmann E, Kopito RR, Sommer T: A role for mammalian Ubc6 homologues in ER-associated protein degradation. J Cell Sci. 2002 Jul 15;115(Pt 14):3007-14. [PubMed ]
Lai CH, Chou CY, Ch'ang LY, Liu CS, Lin W: Identification of novel human genes evolutionarily conserved in Caenorhabditis elegans by comparative proteomics. Genome Res. 2000 May;10(5):703-13. [PubMed ]
Zhang QH, Ye M, Wu XY, Ren SX, Zhao M, Zhao CJ, Fu G, Shen Y, Fan HY, Lu G, Zhong M, Xu XR, Han ZG, Zhang JW, Tao J, Huang QH, Zhou J, Hu GX, Gu J, Chen SJ, Chen Z: Cloning and functional analysis of cDNAs with open reading frames for 300 previously undefined genes expressed in CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Genome Res. 2000 Oct;10(10):1546-60. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, Edwards CA, Ashurst JL, Wilming L, Jones MC, Horton R, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Gilbert JG, Clamp ME, Bethel G, Milne S, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Andrews TD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bray-Allen S, Brook J, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clark G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley V, Collier RE, Collins JE, Colman LK, Corby NR, Coville GJ, Culley KM, Dhami P, Davies J, Dunn M, Earthrowl ME, Ellington AE, Evans KA, Faulkner L, Francis MD, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori MJ, Gilby LM, Gillson CJ, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Grant M, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths M, Hall R, Halls KS, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart EA, Heath PD, Heathcott R, Holmes SJ, Howden PJ, Howe KL, Howell GR, Huckle E, Humphray SJ, Humphries MD, Hunt AR, Johnson CM, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan SJ, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd CR, Lloyd DM, Loveland JE, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Maslen GL, Matthews L, McCann OT, McLaren SJ, McLay K, McMurray A, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Niblett D, Nickerson T, Novik KL, Oliver K, Overton-Larty EK, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Phillimore B, Phillips S, Plumb RW, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Ranby SA, Rice CM, Ross MT, Searle SM, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Skuce CD, Smith S, Smith M, Spraggon L, Squares SL, Steward CA, Sycamore N, Tamlyn-Hall G, Tester J, Theaker AJ, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tubby B, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, White SS, Whitehead SL, Whittaker H, Wild A, Willey DJ, Wilmer TE, Wood JM, Wray PW, Wyatt JC, Young L, Younger RM, Bentley DR, Coulson A, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Sulston JE, Dunham I, Rogers J, Beck S: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. Nature. 2003 Oct 23;425(6960):805-11. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Yu LR, Zhu Z, Chan KC, Issaq HJ, Dimitrov DS, Veenstra TD: Improved titanium dioxide enrichment of phosphopeptides from HeLa cells and high confident phosphopeptide identification by cross-validation of MS/MS and MS/MS/MS spectra. J Proteome Res. 2007 Nov;6(11):4150-62. Epub 2007 Oct 9. [PubMed ]
Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 60 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 61 [top]

Enzyme 61 ID

5916

Enzyme 61 Name

Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 5

Enzyme 61 Synonyms

Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 5
LACS 5

Enzyme 61 Gene Name

ACSL5

Enzyme 61 Protein Sequence

>Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 5

MLFIFNFLFSPLPTPALICILTFGAAIFLWLITRPQPVLPLLDLNNQSVGIEGGARKGVS
QKNNDLTSCCFSDAKTMYEVFQRGLAVSDNGPCLGYRKPNQPYRWLSYKQVSDRAEYLGS
CLLHKGYKSSPDQFVGIFAQNRPEWIISELACYTYSMVAVPLYDTLGPEAIVHIVNKADI
AMVICDTPQKALVLIGNVEKGFTPSLKVIILMDPFDDDLKQRGEKSGIEILSLYDAENLG
KEHFRKPVPPSPEDLSVICFTSGTTGDPKGAMITHQNIVSNAAAFLKCVEHAYEPTPDDV
AISYLPLAHMFERIVQAVVYSCGARVGFFQGDIRLLADDMKTLKPTLFPAVPRLLNRIYD
KVQNEAKTPLKKFLLKLAVSSKFKELQKGIIRHDSFWDKLIFAKIQDSLGGRVRVIVTGA
APMSTSVMTFFRAAMGCQVYEAYGQTECTGGCTFTLPGDWTSGHVGVPLACNYVKLEDVA
DMNYFTVNNEGEVCIKGTNVFKGYLKDPEKTQEALDSDGWLHTGDIGRWLPNGTLKIIDR
KKNIFKLAQGEYIAPEKIENIYNRSQPVLQIFVHGESLRSSLVGVVVPDTDVLPSFAAKL
GVKGSFEELCQNQVVREAILEDLQKIGKESGLKTFEQVKAIFLHPEPFSIENGLLTPTLK
AKRGELSKYFRTQIDSLYEHIQD

Enzyme 61 Number of Residues

683

Enzyme 61 Molecular Weight

75990.1

Enzyme 61 Theoretical pI

6.91

Enzyme 61 GO Classification

Function
catalytic activity
Process
metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 61 General Function

Involved in catalytic activity

Enzyme 61 Specific Function

Acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSL) activate long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation. ACSL5 may activate fatty acids from exogenous sources for the synthesis of triacylglycerol destined for intracellular storage. Utilizes a wide range of saturated fatty acids with a preference for C16-C18 unsaturated fatty acids. It was suggested that it may also stimulate fatty acid oxidation. At the villus tip of the crypt-villus axis of the small intestine may sensitize epithelial cells to apoptosis specifically triggered by the death ligand TRAIL. May have a role in the survival of glioma cells

Enzyme 61 Pathways

Fatty Acid Metabolism (map00071 )

Enzyme 61 Reactions

ATP + a long-chain carboxylic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA [RN:R00390]

Enzyme 61 Pfam Domain Function

AMP-binding (PF00501 )

Enzyme 61 Signals

None

Enzyme 61 Transmembrane Regions

12-32

Enzyme 61 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 61 GenBank ID Protein

6174680

Enzyme 61 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q9ULC5

Enzyme 61 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

ACSL5_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 61 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 61 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 61 Gene Sequence

>2052 bp

ATGCTTTTTATCTTTAACTTTTTGTTTTCCCCACTTCCGACCCCGGCGTTGATCTGCATC
CTGACATTTGGAGCTGCCATCTTCTTGTGGCTGATCACCAGACCTCAACCCGTCTTACCT
CTTCTTGACCTGAACAATCAGTCTGTGGGAATTGAGGGAGGAGCACGGAAGGGGGTTTCC
CAGAAGAACAATGACCTAACAAGTTGCTGCTTCTCAGATGCCAAGACTATGTATGAGGTT
TTCCAAAGAGGACTCGCTGTGTCTGACAATGGGCCCTGCTTGGGATATAGAAAACCAAAC
CAGCCCTACAGATGGCTATCTTACAAACAGGTGTCTGATAGAGCAGAGTACCTGGGTTCC
TGTCTCTTGCATAAAGGTTATAAATCATCACCAGACCAGTTTGTCGGCATCTTTGCTCAG
AATAGGCCAGAGTGGATCATCTCCGAATTGGCTTGTTACACGTACTCTATGGTAGCTGTA
CCTCTGTATGACACCTTGGGACCAGAAGCCATCGTACATATTGTCAACAAGGCTGATATC
GCCATGGTGATCTGTGACACACCCCAAAAGGCATTGGTGCTGATAGGGAATGTAGAGAAA
GGCTTCACCCCGAGCCTGAAGGTGATCATCCTTATGGACCCCTTTGATGATGACCTGAAG
CAAAGAGGGGAGAAGAGTGGAATTGAGATCTTATCCCTATATGATGCTGAGAACCTAGGC
AAAGAGCACTTCAGAAAACCTGTGCCTCCTAGCCCAGAAGACCTGAGCGTCATCTGCTTC
ACCAGTGGGACCACAGGTGACCCCAAAGGAGCCATGATAACCCATCAAAATATTGTTTCA
AATGCTGCTGCCTTTCTCAAATGTGTGGAGCATGCTTATGAGCCCACTCCTGATGATGTG
GCCATATCCTACCTCCCTCTGGCTCATATGTTTGAGAGGATTGTACAGGCTGTTGTGTAC
AGCTGTGGAGCCAGAGTTGGATTCTTCCAAGGGGATATTCGGTTGCTGGCTGACGACATG
AAGACTTTGAAGCCCACATTGTTTCCCGCGGTGCCTCGACTCCTTAACAGGATCTACGAT
AAGGTACAAAATGAGGCCAAGACACCCTTGAAGAAGTTCTTGTTGAAGCTGGCTGTTTCC
AGTAAATTCAAAGAGCTTCAAAAGGGTATCATCAGGCATGATAGTTTCTGGGACAAGCTC
ATCTTTGCAAAGATCCAGGACAGCCTGGGCGGAAGGGTTCGTGTAATTGTCACTGGAGCT
GCCCCCATGTCCACTTCAGTCATGACATTCTTCCGGGCAGCAATGGGATGTCAGGTGTAT
GAAGCTTATGGTCAAACAGAATGCACAGGTGGCTGTACATTTACATTACCTGGGGACTGG
ACATCAGGTCACGTTGGGGTGCCCCTGGCTTGCAATTACGTGAAGCTGGAAGATGTGGCT
GACATGAACTACTTTACAGTGAATAATGAAGGAGAGGTCTGCATCAAGGGTACAAACGTG
TTCAAAGGATACCTGAAGGACCCTGAGAAGACACAGGAAGCCCTGGACAGTGATGGCTGG
CTTCACACAGGAGACATTGGTCGCTGGCTCCCGAATGGAACTCTGAAGATCATCGACCGT
AAAAAGAACATTTTCAAGCTGGCCCAAGGAGAATACATTGCACCAGAGAAGATAGAAAAT
ATCTACAACAGGAGTCAACCAGTGTTACAAATTTTTGTACACGGGGAGAGCTTACGGTCA
TCCTTAGTAGGAGTGGTGGTTCCTGACACAGATGTACTTCCCTCATTTGCAGCCAAGCTT
GGGGTGAAGGGCTCCTTTGAGGAACTGTGCCAAAACCAAGTTGTAAGGGAAGCCATTTTA
GAAGACTTGCAGAAAATTGGGAAAGAAAGTGGCCTTAAAACTTTTGAACAGGTCAAAGCC
ATTTTTCTTCATCCAGAGCCATTTTCCATTGAAAATGGGCTCTTGACACCAACATTGAAA
GCAAAGCGAGGAGAGCTTTCCAAATACTTTCGGACCCAAATTGACAGCCTGTATGAGCAC
ATCCAGGATTAG

Enzyme 61 GenBank Gene ID

AB033899

Enzyme 61 GeneCard ID

ACSL5

Enzyme 61 GenAtlas ID

ACSL5

Enzyme 61 HGNC ID

HGNC:16526 Link Image

Enzyme 61 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 61 Locus

10q25.1-q25.2

Enzyme 61 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 61 General References

Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, Baker K, Baldwin D, Brush J, Chen J, Chow B, Chui C, Crowley C, Currell B, Deuel B, Dowd P, Eaton D, Foster J, Grimaldi C, Gu Q, Hass PE, Heldens S, Huang A, Kim HS, Klimowski L, Jin Y, Johnson S, Lee J, Lewis L, Liao D, Mark M, Robbie E, Sanchez C, Schoenfeld J, Seshagiri S, Simmons L, Singh J, Smith V, Stinson J, Vagts A, Vandlen R, Watanabe C, Wieand D, Woods K, Xie MH, Yansura D, Yi S, Yu G, Yuan J, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Goddard A, Wood WI, Godowski P, Gray A: The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment. Genome Res. 2003 Oct;13(10):2265-70. Epub 2003 Sep 15. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Deloukas P, Earthrowl ME, Grafham DV, Rubenfield M, French L, Steward CA, Sims SK, Jones MC, Searle S, Scott C, Howe K, Hunt SE, Andrews TD, Gilbert JG, Swarbreck D, Ashurst JL, Taylor A, Battles J, Bird CP, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ashwell RI, Ambrose KD, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Bates K, Beasley H, Bray-Allen S, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Cahill P, Camire D, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Corby N, Coulson A, Dhami P, Dutta I, Dunn M, Faulkner L, Frankish A, Frankland JA, Garner P, Garnett J, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Grocock R, Gustafson E, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart E, Heath PD, Ho TP, Hopkins B, Horne J, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Hynds C, Johnson C, Johnson D, Kana A, Kay M, Kimberley AM, Kershaw JK, Kokkinaki M, Laird GK, Lawlor S, Lee HM, Leongamornlert DA, Laird G, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, McLaren S, McLay KE, McMurray A, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Milne S, Nickerson T, Nguyen M, Overton-Larty E, Palmer SA, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phillimore B, Porter K, Rice CM, Rogosin A, Ross MT, Sarafidou T, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Skuce CD, Smith M, Standring L, Sycamore N, Tester J, Thorpe A, Torcasso W, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tsolas J, Wall M, Walsh J, Wang H, Weinstock K, West AP, Willey DL, Whitehead SL, Wilming L, Wray PW, Young L, Chen Y, Lovering RC, Moschonas NK, Siebert R, Fechtel K, Bentley D, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Doucette-Stamm L, Beck S, Smith DR, Rogers J: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10. Nature. 2004 May 27;429(6990):375-81. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Gassler N, Roth W, Funke B, Schneider A, Herzog F, Tischendorf JJ, Grund K, Penzel R, Bravo IG, Mariadason J, Ehemann V, Sykora J, Haas TL, Walczak H, Ganten T, Zentgraf H, Erb P, Alonso A, Autschbach F, Schirmacher P, Knuchel R, Kopitz J: Regulation of enterocyte apoptosis by acyl-CoA synthetase 5 splicing. Gastroenterology. 2007 Aug;133(2):587-98. Epub 2007 Jun 8. [PubMed ]
Mashima T, Sato S, Okabe S, Miyata S, Matsuura M, Sugimoto Y, Tsuruo T, Seimiya H: Acyl-CoA synthetase as a cancer survival factor: its inhibition enhances the efficacy of etoposide. Cancer Sci. 2009 Aug;100(8):1556-62. Epub 2009 May 13. [PubMed ]
Mashima T, Sato S, Sugimoto Y, Tsuruo T, Seimiya H: Promotion of glioma cell survival by acyl-CoA synthetase 5 under extracellular acidosis conditions. Oncogene. 2009 Jan 8;28(1):9-19. Epub 2008 Sep 22. [PubMed ]
Sjoblom T, Jones S, Wood LD, Parsons DW, Lin J, Barber TD, Mandelker D, Leary RJ, Ptak J, Silliman N, Szabo S, Buckhaults P, Farrell C, Meeh P, Markowitz SD, Willis J, Dawson D, Willson JK, Gazdar AF, Hartigan J, Wu L, Liu C, Parmigiani G, Park BH, Bachman KE, Papadopoulos N, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Velculescu VE: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):268-74. Epub 2006 Sep 7. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 61 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 62 [top]

Enzyme 62 ID

5917

Enzyme 62 Name

Histidyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic

Enzyme 62 Synonyms

Histidine--tRNA ligase
HisRS

Enzyme 62 Gene Name

HARS

Enzyme 62 Protein Sequence

>Histidyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic

MAERAALEELVKLQGERVRGLKQQKASAELIEEEVAKLLKLKAQLGPDESKQKFVLKTPK
GTRDYSPRQMAVREKVFDVIIRCFKRHGAEVIDTPVFELKETLMGKYGEDSKLIYDLKDQ
GGELLSLRYDLTVPFARYLAMNKLTNIKRYHIAKVYRRDNPAMTRGRYREFYQCDFDIAG
NFDPMIPDAECLKIMCEILSSLQIGDFLVKVNDRRILDGMFAICGVSDSKFRTICSSVDK
LDKVSWEEVKNEMVGEKGLAPEVADRIGDYVQQHGGVSLVEQLLQDPKLSQNKQALEGLG
DLKLLFEYLTLFGIDDKISFDLSLARGLDYYTGVIYEAVLLQTPAQAGEEPLGVGSVAAG
GRYDGLVGMFDPKGRKVPCVGLSIGVERIFSIVEQRLEALEEKIRTTETQVLVASAQKKL
LEERLKLVSELWDAGIKAELLYKKNPKLLNQLQYCEEAGIPLVAIIGEQELKDGVIKLRS
VTSREEVDVRREDLVEEIKRRTGQPLCIC

Enzyme 62 Number of Residues

509

Enzyme 62 Molecular Weight

57410.0

Enzyme 62 Theoretical pI

5.56

Enzyme 62 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity binding catalytic activity histidine-tRNA ligase activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds nucleoside binding nucleotide binding purine nucleoside binding
Process
RNA metabolic process biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule metabolic process histidyl-tRNA aminoacylation macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process ncRNA metabolic process tRNA aminoacylation tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation tRNA metabolic process translation
Component
cell part cytoplasm intracellular part

Enzyme 62 General Function

Involved in nucleotide binding

Enzyme 62 Specific Function

ATP + L-histidine + tRNA(His) = AMP + diphosphate + L-histidyl-tRNA(His)

Enzyme 62 Pathways

Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (map00970 )
Histidine Metabolism (map00340 )

Enzyme 62 Reactions

ATP + L-histidine + tRNAHis = AMP + diphosphate + L-histidyl-tRNAHis [RN:R03655]

Enzyme 62 Pfam Domain Function

HGTP_anticodon (PF03129 )
tRNA-synt_2b (PF00587 )
WHEP-TRS (PF00458 )

Enzyme 62 Signals

None

Enzyme 62 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 62 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 62 GenBank ID Protein

32460

Enzyme 62 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P12081

Enzyme 62 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

SYHC_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 62 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 62 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 62 Gene Sequence

>1530 bp

ATGGCAGAGCGTGCGGCGCTGGAGGAGCTGGTGAAACTTCAGGGAGAGCGCGTGCGAGGC
CTCAAGCAGCAGAAGGCCAGCGCCGAGCTGATCGAGGAGGAGGTGGCGAAACTCCTGAAA
CTGAAGGCACAGCTGGGTCCTGATGAAAGCAAACAGAAATTTGTGCTCAAAACCCCCAAG
GGCACAAGAGACTATAGTCCCCGGCAGATGGCAGTTCGCGAGAAGGTGTTTGACGTAATC
ATCCGTTGCTTCAAGCGCCACGGTGCAGAAGTCATTGATACACCTGTATTTGAACTAAAG
GAAACACTGATGGGAAAGTATGGGGAAGACTCCAAGCTTATCTATGACCTGAAGGACCAG
GGCGGGGAGCTCCTGTCCCTTCGCTATGACCTCACTGTTCCTTTTGCTCGGTATTTGGCA
ATGAATAAACTGACCAACATTAAACGCTACCACATAGCAAAGGTATATCGGCGGGATAAC
CCAGCCATGACCCGTGGCCGATACCGGGAATTCTACCAGTGTGATTTTGACATTGCTGGG
AACTTTGATCCCATGATCCCTGATGCAGAGTGCCTGAAGATCATGTGCGAGATCCTGAGT
TCACTTCAGATAGGCGACTTCCTGGTCAAGGTAAACGATCGACGCATTCTAGATGGGATG
TTTGCTATCTGTGGTGTTTCTGACAGCAAGTTCCGTACCATCTGCTCCTCAGTAGACAAG
CTGGACAAGGTGTCCTGGGAAGAGGTGAAGAATGAGATGGTGGGAGAGAAGGGCCTTGCA
CCTGAGGTGGCTGACCGCATTGGGGACTATGTCCAGCAACATGGTGGGGTATCCCTGGTG
GAACAGCTGCTCCAGGATCCTAAACTATCCCAAAACAAGCAGGCCTTGGAGGGCCTGGGA
GACCTGAAGTTGCTCTTTGAGTACCTGACCCTATTTGGCATTGATGACAAAATCTCCTTT
GACCTGAGCCTTGCTCGAGGGCTGGATTACTACACTGGGGTGATCTATGAGGCAGTGCTG
CTACAGACCCCAGCCCAGGCAGGGGAAGAGCCCCTGGGTGTGGGCAGTGTGGCTGCTGGA
GGACGCTATGATGGGCTAGTGGGCATGTTCGACCCCAAAGGGCGCAAGGTGCCATGTGTG
GGGCTCAGCATTGGGGTGGAGCGGATTTTCTCCATCGTGGAACAGAGACTAGAGGCTTTG
GAGGAGAAGATACGGACCACGGAGACACAGGTGCTTGTGGCATCTGCACAGAAGAAGCTG
CTAGAGGAAAGACTAAAGCTTGTCTCAGAACTGTGGGATGCTGGGATCAAGGCTGAGCTG
CTGTACAAGAAGAACCCAAAGCTACTGAACCAGTTACAGTACTGTGAGGAGGCAGGCATC
CCACTGGTGGCTATCATCGGCGAGCAGGAACTCAAGGATGGGGTCATCAAGCTCCGTTCA
GTGACGAGCAGGGAAGAGGTGGATGTCCGAAGAGAAGACCTTGTGGAGGAAATCAAAAGG
AGAACAGGCCAGCCCCTCTGCATCTGCTGA

Enzyme 62 GenBank Gene ID

Z11518

Enzyme 62 GeneCard ID

HARS

Enzyme 62 GenAtlas ID

HARS

Enzyme 62 HGNC ID

HGNC:4816

Enzyme 62 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 62 Locus

5q31.3

Enzyme 62 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 62 General References

Raben N, Borriello F, Amin J, Horwitz R, Fraser D, Plotz P: Human histidyl-tRNA synthetase: recognition of amino acid signature regions in class 2a aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Mar 11;20(5):1075-81. [PubMed ]
Tsui FW, Siminovitch L: Isolation, structure and expression of mammalian genes for histidyl-tRNA synthetase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Apr 24;15(8):3349-67. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Tsui HW, Mok S, de Souza L, Martin A, Tsui FW: Transcriptional analyses of the gene region that encodes human histidyl-tRNA synthetase: identification of a novel bidirectional regulatory element. Gene. 1993 Sep 15;131(2):201-8. [PubMed ]
O'Hanlon TP, Raben N, Miller FW: A novel gene oriented in a head-to-head configuration with the human histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HRS) gene encodes an mRNA that predicts a polypeptide homologous to HRS. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 May 16;210(2):556-66. [PubMed ]
Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 62 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 63 [top]

Enzyme 63 ID

5918

Enzyme 63 Name

Seryl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic

Enzyme 63 Synonyms

Serine--tRNA ligase
SerRS
Seryl-tRNA(Ser/Sec) synthetase

Enzyme 63 Gene Name

SARS

Enzyme 63 Protein Sequence

>Seryl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic

MVLDLDLFRVDKGGDPALIRETQEKRFKDPGLVDQLVKADSEWRRCRFRADNLNKLKNLC
SKTIGEKMKKKEPVGDDESVPENVLSFDDLTADALANLKVSQIKKVRLLIDEAILKCDAE
RIKLEAERFENLREIGNLLHPSVPISNDEDVDNKVERIWGDCTVRKKYSHVDLVVMVDGF
EGEKGAVVAGSRGYFLKGVLVFLEQALIQYALRTLGSRGYIPIYTPFFMRKEVMQEVAQL
SQFDEELYKVIGKGSEKSDDNSYDEKYLIATSEQPIAALHRDEWLRPEDLPIKYAGLSTC
FRQEVGSHGRDTRGIFRVHQFEKIEQFVYSSPHDNKSWEMFEEMITTAEEFYQSLGIPYH
IVNIVSGSLNHAASKKLDLEAWFPGSGAFRELVSCSNCTDYQARRLRIRYGQTKKMMDKV
EFVHMLNATMCATTRTICAILENYQTEKGITVPEKLKEFMPPGLQELIPFVKPAPIEQEP
SKKQKKQHEGSKKKAAARDVTLENRLQNMEVTDA

Enzyme 63 Number of Residues

514

Enzyme 63 Molecular Weight

58776.8

Enzyme 63 Theoretical pI

6.38

Enzyme 63 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity binding catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds nucleoside binding nucleotide binding purine nucleoside binding serine-tRNA ligase activity
Process
RNA metabolic process biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process ncRNA metabolic process seryl-tRNA aminoacylation tRNA aminoacylation tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation tRNA metabolic process translation
Component
cell part cytoplasm intracellular part

Enzyme 63 General Function

Involved in nucleotide binding

Enzyme 63 Specific Function

Catalyzes the attachment of serine to tRNA(Ser). Is also probably able to aminoacylate tRNA(Sec) with serine, to form the misacylated tRNA L-seryl-tRNA(Sec), which will be further converted into selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec)

Enzyme 63 Pathways

Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (map00970 )
Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism (map00260 )

Enzyme 63 Reactions

ATP + L-serine + tRNASer = AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNASer [RN:R03662]

Enzyme 63 Pfam Domain Function

Seryl_tRNA_N (PF02403 )
tRNA-synt_2b (PF00587 )

Enzyme 63 Signals

None

Enzyme 63 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 63 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 63 GenBank ID Protein

1050527

Enzyme 63 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P49591

Enzyme 63 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

SYSC_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 63 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 63 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 63 Gene Sequence

>1545 bp

ATGGTGCTGGATCTGGATTTGTTTCGGGTGGATAAAGGAGGGGACCCAGCCCTCATCCGA
GAGACGCAGGAGAAGCGCTTCAAGGACCCGGGACTAGTGGACCAGCTGGTGAAGGCAGAC
AGCGAGTGGCGACGATGTAGATTTCGGGCAGACAACTTGAGCAAGCTGAAGAACCTATGC
AGCAAGACAATCGGAGAGAAAATGAAGAAAAAAGAGCCAGTGGGAGATGATGAGTCTGTC
CCAGAGAATGTGCTGAGTTTCGATGACCTTACTGCAGACGCTTTAGCTAACCTGAAAGTC
TCACAAATCAAAAAAGTCCGACTCCTCATTGATGAAGCCATCCTGAAGTGTGACGCGGAG
CGGATAAAGTTGGAAGCAGAGCGGTTTGAGAACCTCCGAGAGATTGGGAACCTTCTGCAC
CCTTCTGTACCCATCAGTAACGATGAGGATGTGGACAACAAAGTAGAGAGGATTTGGGGC
GATTGTACAGTCAGGAAGAAGTACTCTCATGTGGACCTGGTGGTGATGGTAGATGGCTTT
GAAGGCGAAAAGGGGGCCGTGGTGGCTGGGAGTCGAGGGTACTTCTTGAAGGGGGTCCTG
GTGTTCCTGGAACAGGCTCTCATCCAGTATGCCCTTCGCACCTTGGGAAGTCGGGGCTAC
ATTCCCATTTATACCCCCTTTTTCATGAGGAAGGAGGTCATGCAGGAGGTGGCACAGCTC
AGCCAGTTTGATGAAGAACTTTATAAGGTGATTGGCAAAGGCAGTGAAAAGTCTGATGAC
AACTCCTATGATGAGAAGTACCTGATTGCCACCTCAGAGCAGCCCATTGCTGCCCTGCAC
CGGGATGAGTGGCTCCGGCCGGAGGACCTGCCCATCAAGTATGCTGGCCTGTCTACCTGC
TTCCGTCAGGAGGTGGGCTCCCATGGCCGTGACACCCGTGGCATCTTCCGAGTCCATCAG
TTTGAGAAGATTGAACAGTTTGTGTACTCATCACCCCATGACAACAAGTCATGGGAGATG
TTTGAAGAGATGATTACCACCGCAGAGGAGTTCTACCAGTCCCTGGGGATTCCTTACCAC
ATTGTGAATATTGTCTCAGGTTCTTTGAATCATGCTGCCAGTAAGAAGCTTGACCTGGAG
GCCTGGTTTCCGGGCTCAGGAGCCTTCCGTGAGTTGGTCTCCTGTTCTAATTGCACGGAT
TACCAGGCTCGCCGGCTTCGAATCCGATATGGGCAAACCAAGAAGATGATGGACAAGGTG
GAGTTTGTCCATATGCTCAATGCTACCATGTGCGCCACTACCCGTACCATCTGCGCCATC
CTGGAGAACTACCAGACAGAGAAGGGCATCACTGTGCCTGAGAAATTGAAGGAGTTCATG
CCGCCAGGACTGCAAGAACTGATCCCCTTTGTGAAGCCTGCGCCCATTGAGCAGGAGCCA
TCAAAGAAGCAGAAGAAGCAACATGAGGGCAGCAAAAAGAAAGCAGCAGCAAGAGACGTC
ACCCTAGAAAACAGGCTGCAGAACATGGAGGTCACCGATGCTTGA

Enzyme 63 GenBank Gene ID

X91257

Enzyme 63 GeneCard ID

SARS

Enzyme 63 GenAtlas ID

SARS

Enzyme 63 HGNC ID

HGNC:10537 Link Image

Enzyme 63 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 63 Locus

1p13.3

Enzyme 63 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 63 General References

Vincent C, Tarbouriech N, Hartlein M: Genomic organization, cDNA sequence, bacterial expression, and purification of human seryl-tRNA synthase. Eur J Biochem. 1997 Nov 15;250(1):77-84. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Matsuoka S, Ballif BA, Smogorzewska A, McDonald ER 3rd, Hurov KE, Luo J, Bakalarski CE, Zhao Z, Solimini N, Lerenthal Y, Shiloh Y, Gygi SP, Elledge SJ: ATM and ATR substrate analysis reveals extensive protein networks responsive to DNA damage. Science. 2007 May 25;316(5828):1160-6. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 63 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 64 [top]

Enzyme 64 ID

5919

Enzyme 64 Name

Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 3

Enzyme 64 Synonyms

Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 3
LACS 3

Enzyme 64 Gene Name

ACSL3

Enzyme 64 Protein Sequence

>Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 3

MNNHVSSKPSTMKLKHTINPILLYFIHFLISLYTILTYIPFYFFSESRQEKSNRIKAKPV
NSKPDSAYRSVNSLDGLASVLYPGCDTLDKVFTYAKNKFKNKRLLGTREVLNEEDEVQPN
GKIFKKVILGQYNWLSYEDVFVRAFNFGNGLQMLGQKPKTNIAIFCETRAEWMIAAQACF
MYNFQLVTLYATLGGPAIVHALNETEVTNIITSKELLQTKLKDIVSLVPRLRHIITVDGK
PPTWSEFPKGIIVHTMAAVEALGAKASMENQPHSKPLPSDIAVIMYTSGSTGLPKGVMIS
HSNIIAGITGMAERIPELGEEDVYIGYLPLAHVLELSAELVCLSHGCRIGYSSPQTLADQ
SSKIKKGSKGDTSMLKPTLMAAVPEIMDRIYKNVMNKVSEMSSFQRNLFILAYNYKMEQI
SKGRNTPLCDSFVFRKVRSLLGGNIRLLLCGGAPLSATTQRFMNICFCCPVGQGYGLTES
AGAGTISEVWDYNTGRVGAPLVCCEIKLKNWEEGGYFNTDKPHPRGEILIGGQSVTMGYY
KNEAKTKADFFEDENGQRWLCTGDIGEFEPDGCLKIIDRKKDLVKLQAGEYVSLGKVEAA
LKNLPLVDNICAYANSYHSYVIGFVVPNQKELTELARKKGLKGTWEELCNSCEMENEVLK
VLSEAAISASLEKFEIPVKIRLSPEPWTPETGLVTDAFKLKRKELKTHYQADIERMYGRK

Enzyme 64 Number of Residues

720

Enzyme 64 Molecular Weight

80419.4

Enzyme 64 Theoretical pI

8.51

Enzyme 64 GO Classification

Function
catalytic activity
Process
metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 64 General Function

Involved in catalytic activity

Enzyme 64 Specific Function

Acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSL) activates long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation. ACSL3 mediates hepatic lipogenesis. Preferentially uses myristate, laurate, arachidonate and eicosapentaenoate as substrates. Has mainly an anabolic role in energy metabolism. Required for the incorporation of fatty acids into phosphatidylcholine, the major phospholipid located on the surface of VLDL (very low density lipoproteins)

Enzyme 64 Pathways

Fatty Acid Metabolism (map00071 )

Enzyme 64 Reactions

ATP + a long-chain carboxylic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA [RN:R00390]

Enzyme 64 Pfam Domain Function

AMP-binding (PF00501 )

Enzyme 64 Signals

None

Enzyme 64 Transmembrane Regions

21-41

Enzyme 64 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 64 GenBank ID Protein

17026088

Enzyme 64 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

O95573

Enzyme 64 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

ACSL3_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 64 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 64 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 64 Gene Sequence

>2163 bp

ATGAATAACCACGTGTCTTCAAAACCATCTACCATGAAGCTAAAACATACCATCAACCCT
ATTCTTTTATATTTTATACATTTTCTAATATCACTTTATACTATTTTAACATACATTCCG
TTTTATTTTTTCTCCGAGTCAAGACAAGAAAAATCAAACCGAATTAAAGCAAAGCCTGTA
AATTCAAAACCTGATTCTGCATACAGATCTGTTAATAGTTTGGATGGTTTGGCTTCAGTA
TTATACCCTGGATGTGATACTTTAGATAAAGTTTTTACATATGCAAAAAACAAATTTAAG
AACAAAAGACTCTTGGGAACACGTGAAGTTTTAAATGAGGAAGATGAAGTACAACCAAAT
GGAAAAATTTTTAAAAAGGTTATTCTTGGACAGTATAATTGGCTTTCCTATGAAGATGTC
TTTGTTCGAGCCTTTAATTTTGGAAATGGATTACAGATGTTGGGTCAGAAACCAAAGACC
AACATCGCCATCTTCTGTGAGACCAGGGCCGAGTGGATGATAGCTGCACAGGCGTGTTTT
ATGTATAATTTTCAGCTTGTTACATTATATGCCACTCTAGGAGGTCCAGCCATTGTTCAT
GCATTAAATGAAACAGAGGTGACCAACATCATTACTAGTAAAGAACTCTTACAAACAAAG
TTGAAGGATATAGTTTCTTTGGTCCCACGCCTGCGGCACATCATCACTGTTGATGGAAAG
CCACCGACCTGGTCCGACTTCCCCAAGGGCATCATTGTGCATACCATGGCTGCAGTGGAG
GCCCTGGGAGCCAAGGCCAGCATGGAAAACCAACCTCATAGCAAACCATTGCCCTCAGAT
ATTGCAGTAATCATGTACACAAGTGGATCCACAGGACTTCCAAAGGGAGTCATGATCTCA
CATAGTAACATTATTGCTGGTATAACTGGGATGGCAGAAAGGATTCCAGAACTAGGAGAG
GAAGATGTCTACATTGGATATTTGCCTCTGGCCCATGTTCTAGAATTAAGTGCTGAGCTT
GTCTGTCTTTCTCACGGATGCCGCATTGGTTACTCTTCACCACAGACTTTAGCAGATCAG
TCTTCAAAAATTAAAAAAGGAAGCAAAGGGGATACATCCATGTTGAAACCAACACTGATG
GCAGCAGTTCCGGAAATCATGGATCGGATCTACAAAAATGTCATGAATAAAGTCAGTGAA
ATGAGTAGTTTTCAACGTAATCTGTTTATTCTGGCCTATAATTACAAAATGGAACAGATT
TCAAAAGGACGTAATACTCCACTGTGCGACAGCTTTGTTTTCCGGAAAGTTCGAAGCTTG
CTAGGGGGAAATATTCGTCTCCTGTTGTGTGGTGGCGCTCCACTTTCTGCAACCACGCAG
CGATTCATGAACATCTGTTTCTGCTGTCCTGTTGGTCAGGGATACGGGCTCACTGAATCT
GCTGGGGCTGGAACAATTTCCGAAGTGTGGGACTACAATACTGGCAGAGTGGGAGCACCA
TTAGTTTGCTGTGAAATCAAATTAAAAAACTGGGAGGAAGGTGGATACTTTAATACTGAT
AAGCCACACCCCAGGGGTGAAATTCTTATTGGGGGCCAAAGTGTGACAATGGGGTACTAC
AAAAATGAAGCAAAAACAAAAGCTGATTTCTCTGAAGATGAAAATGGACAAAGGTGGCTC
TGTACTGGGGATATTGGAGAGTTTGAACCCGATGGATGCTTAAAGATTATTGATCGTAAA
AAGGACCTTGTAAAACTACAGGCAGGGGAATATGTTTCTCTTGGGAAAGTAGAGGCAGCT
TTGAAGAATCTTCCACTAGTAGATAACATTTGTGCATATGCAAACAGTTATCATTCTTAT
GTCATTGGATTTGTTGTGCCAAATCAAAAGGAACTAACTGAACTAGCTCGAAAGAAAGGA
CTTAAAGGGACTTGGGAGGAGCTGTGTAACAGTTGTGAAATGGAAAATGAGGTACTTAAA
GTGCTTTCCGAAGCTGCTATTTCAGCAAGTCTGGAAAAGTTTGAAATTCCAGTAAAAATT
CGTTTGAGTCCTGAACCGTGGACCCCTGAAACTGGTCTGGTGACAGATGCCTTCAAGCTG
AAACGCAAAGAGCTTAAAACACATTACCAGGCGGACATTGAGCGAATGTATGGAAGAAAA
TAA

Enzyme 64 GenBank Gene ID

AB061436

Enzyme 64 GeneCard ID

ACSL3

Enzyme 64 GenAtlas ID

ACSL3

Enzyme 64 HGNC ID

HGNC:3570

Enzyme 64 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 64 Locus

2q34-q35

Enzyme 64 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 64 General References

Minekura H, Fujino T, Kang MJ, Fujita T, Endo Y, Yamamoto TT: Human acyl-coenzyme A synthetase 3 cDNA and localization of its gene (ACS3) to chromosome band 2q34-q35. Genomics. 1997 May 15;42(1):180-1. [PubMed ]
Minekura H, Kang MJ, Inagaki Y, Suzuki H, Sato H, Fujino T, Yamamoto TT: Genomic organization and transcription units of the human acyl-CoA synthetase 3 gene. Gene. 2001 Oct 31;278(1-2):185-92. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, Elias JE, Villen J, Li J, Cohn MA, Cantley LC, Gygi SP: Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Aug 17;101(33):12130-5. Epub 2004 Aug 9. [PubMed ]
Yao H, Ye J: Long chain acyl-CoA synthetase 3-mediated phosphatidylcholine synthesis is required for assembly of very low density lipoproteins in human hepatoma Huh7 cells. J Biol Chem. 2008 Jan 11;283(2):849-54. Epub 2007 Nov 14. [PubMed ]
Daub H, Olsen JV, Bairlein M, Gnad F, Oppermann FS, Korner R, Greff Z, Keri G, Stemmann O, Mann M: Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle. Mol Cell. 2008 Aug 8;31(3):438-48. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 64 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 65 [top]

Enzyme 65 ID

5921

Enzyme 65 Name

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 C

Enzyme 65 Synonyms

UbcH10
Ubiquitin carrier protein C
Ubiquitin-protein ligase C

Enzyme 65 Gene Name

UBE2C

Enzyme 65 Protein Sequence

>Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 C

MASQNRDPAATSVAAARKGAEPSGGAARGPVGKRLQQELMTLMMSGDKGISAFPESDNLF
KWVGTIHGAAGTVYEDLRYKLSLEFPSGYPYNAPTVKFLTPCYHPNVDTQGNICLDILKE
KWSALYDVRTILLSIQSLLGEPNIDSPLNTHAAELWKNPTAFKKYLQETYSKQVTSQEP

Enzyme 65 Number of Residues

179

Enzyme 65 Molecular Weight

19652.1

Enzyme 65 Theoretical pI

7.50

Enzyme 65 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding acid-amino acid ligase activity adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding binding catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds nucleoside binding purine nucleoside binding small conjugating protein ligase activity ubiquitin-protein ligase activity
Process
biological regulation macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule modification metabolic process post-translational protein modification protein modification by small protein conjugation protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal protein modification process protein ubiquitination regulation of biological process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of metabolic process regulation of protein metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 65 General Function

Involved in ubiquitin-protein ligase activity

Enzyme 65 Specific Function

Accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. In vitro catalyzes 'Lys- 11'- and 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination. Acts as an essential factor of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through mitosis. Acts by initiating 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitin chains on APC/C substrates, leading to the degradation of APC/C substrates by the proteasome and promoting mitotic exit

Enzyme 65 Pathways

Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis (map04120 )

Enzyme 65 Reactions

ATP + ubiquitin + protein lysine = AMP + diphosphate + protein N-ubiquityllysine [RN:R03876]

Enzyme 65 Pfam Domain Function

UQ_con (PF00179 )

Enzyme 65 Signals

None

Enzyme 65 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 65 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 65 GenBank ID Protein

5902146

Enzyme 65 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

O00762

Enzyme 65 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

UBE2C_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 65 PDB ID

1I7K

Enzyme 65 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 65 3D Structure

Enzyme 65 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 65 Gene Sequence

>540 bp

ATGGCTTCCCAAAACCGCGACCCAGCCGCCACTAGCGTCGCCGCCGCCCGTAAAGGAGCT
GAGCCGAGCGGGGGCGCCGCCCGGGGTCCGGTGGGCAAAAGGCTACAGCAGGAGCTGATG
ACCCTCATGATGTCTGGCGATAAAGGGATTTCTGCCTTCCCTGAATCAGACAACCTTTTC
AAATGGGTAGGGACCATCCATGGAGCAGCTGGAACAGTATATGAAGACCTGAGGTATAAG
CTCTCGCTAGAGTTCCCCAGTGGCTACCCTTACAATGCGCCCACAGTGAAGTTCCTCACG
CCCTGCTATCACCCCAACGTGGACACCCAGGGTAACATATGCCTGGACATCCTGAAGGAA
AAGTGGTCTGCCCTGTATGATGTCAGGACCATTCTGCTCTCCATCCAGAGCCTTCTAGGA
GAACCCAACATTGATAGTCCCTTGAACACACATGCTGCCGAGCTCTGGAAAAACCCCACA
GCTTTTAAGAAGTACCTGCAAGAAACCTACTCAAAGCAGGTCACCAGCCAGGAGCCCTGA

Enzyme 65 GenBank Gene ID

NM_007019.2 Link Image

Enzyme 65 GeneCard ID

UBE2C

Enzyme 65 GenAtlas ID

UBE2C

Enzyme 65 HGNC ID

HGNC:15937 Link Image

Enzyme 65 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 65 Locus

20q13.12

Enzyme 65 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 65 General References

Townsley FM, Aristarkhov A, Beck S, Hershko A, Ruderman JV: Dominant-negative cyclin-selective ubiquitin carrier protein E2-C/UbcH10 blocks cells in metaphase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Mar 18;94(6):2362-7. [PubMed ]
Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, Burton J, Gilbert JG, Jones M, Stavrides G, Almeida JP, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Barlow KF, Bates KN, Beard LM, Beare DM, Beasley OP, Bird CP, Blakey SE, Bridgeman AM, Brown AJ, Buck D, Burrill W, Butler AP, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clamp M, Clark G, Clark LN, Clark SY, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley VE, Collier RE, Connor R, Corby NR, Coulson A, Coville GJ, Deadman R, Dhami P, Dunn M, Ellington AG, Frankland JA, Fraser A, French L, Garner P, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths MN, Gwilliam R, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Heath PD, Ho S, Holden JL, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Jekosch K, Johnson CM, Johnson D, Kay MP, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights A, Laird GK, Lawlor S, Lehvaslaiho MH, Leversha M, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Lovell JD, Marsh VL, Martin SL, McConnachie LJ, McLay K, McMurray AA, Milne S, Mistry D, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Nickerson T, Oliver K, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce TA, Peck AI, Phillimore BJ, Prathalingam SR, Plumb RW, Ramsay H, Rice CM, Ross MT, Scott CE, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith ML, Soderlund C, Steward CA, Sulston JE, Swann M, Sycamore N, Taylor R, Tee L, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans AC, Vaudin M, Wall M, Wallis JM, Whitehead SL, Whittaker P, Willey DL, Williams L, Williams SA, Wilming L, Wray PW, Hubbard T, Durbin RM, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. Nature. 2001 Dec 20-27;414(6866):865-71. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Rape M, Kirschner MW: Autonomous regulation of the anaphase-promoting complex couples mitosis to S-phase entry. Nature. 2004 Dec 2;432(7017):588-95. Epub 2004 Nov 21. [PubMed ]
Jin L, Williamson A, Banerjee S, Philipp I, Rape M: Mechanism of ubiquitin-chain formation by the human anaphase-promoting complex. Cell. 2008 May 16;133(4):653-65. [PubMed ]
Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
Garnett MJ, Mansfeld J, Godwin C, Matsusaka T, Wu J, Russell P, Pines J, Venkitaraman AR: UBE2S elongates ubiquitin chains on APC/C substrates to promote mitotic exit. Nat Cell Biol. 2009 Nov;11(11):1363-9. Epub 2009 Oct 11. [PubMed ]
Williamson A, Wickliffe KE, Mellone BG, Song L, Karpen GH, Rape M: Identification of a physiological E2 module for the human anaphase-promoting complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Oct 27;106(43):18213-8. Epub 2009 Oct 12. [PubMed ]
David Y, Ziv T, Admon A, Navon A: The E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes direct polyubiquitination to preferred lysines. J Biol Chem. 2010 Mar 19;285(12):8595-604. Epub 2010 Jan 8. [PubMed ]
Lin Y, Hwang WC, Basavappa R: Structural and functional analysis of the human mitotic-specific ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, UbcH10. J Biol Chem. 2002 Jun 14;277(24):21913-21. Epub 2002 Apr 1. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 65 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 66 [top]

Enzyme 66 ID

5923

Enzyme 66 Name

Valyl-tRNA synthetase

Enzyme 66 Synonyms

Protein G7a
Valine--tRNA ligase
ValRS

Enzyme 66 Gene Name

VARS

Enzyme 66 Protein Sequence

>Valyl-tRNA synthetase

MSTLYVSPHPDAFPSLRALIAARYGEAGEGPGWGGAHPRICLQPPPTSRTPFPPPRLPAL
EQGPGGLWVWGATAVAQLLWPAGLGGPGGSRAAVLVQQWVSYADTELIPAACGATLPALG
LRSSAQDPQAVLGALGRALSPLEEWLRLHTYLAGEAPTLADLAAVTALLLPFRYVLDPPA
RRIWNNVTRWFVTCVRQPEFRAVLGEVVLYSGARPLSHQPGPEAPALPKTAAQLKKEAKK
REKLEKFQQKQKIQQQQPPPGEKKPKPEKREKRDPGVITYDLPTPPGEKKDVSGPMPDSY
SPRYVEAAWYPWWEQQGFFKPEYGRPNVSAANPRGVFMMCIPPPNVTGSLHLGHALTNAI
QDSLTRWHRMRGETTLWNPGCDHAGIATQVVVEKKLWREQGLSRHQLGREAFLQEVWKWK
EEKGDRIYHQLKKLGSSLDWDRACFTMDPKLSAAVTEAFVRLHEEGIIYRSTRLVNWSCT
LNSAISDIEVDKKELTGRTLLSVPGYKEKVEFGVLVSFAYKVQGSDSDEEVVVATTRIET
MLGDVAVAVHPKDTRYQHLKGKNVIHPFLSRSLPIVFDEFVDMDFGTGAVKITPAHDQND
YEVGQRHGLEAISIMDSRGALINVPPPFLGLPRFEARKAVLVALKERGLFRGIEDNPMVV
PLCNRSKDVVEPLLRPQWYVRCGEMAQAASAAVTRGDLRILPEAHQRTWHAWMDNIREWC
ISRQLWWGHRIPAYFVTVSDPAVPPGEDPDGRYWVSGRNEAEAREKAAKEFGVSPDKISL
QQDEDVLDTWFSSGLFPLSILGWPNQSEDLSVFYPGTLLETGHDILFFWVARMVMLGLKL
TGRLPFREVYLHAIVRDAHGRKMSKSLGNVIDPLDVIYGISLQGLHNQLLNSNLDPSEVE
KAKEGQKADFPAGIPECGTDALRFGLCAYMSQGRDINLDVNRILGYRHFCNKLWNATKFA
LRGLGKGFVPSPTSQPGGHESLVDRWIRSRLTEAVRLSNQGFQAYDFPAVTTAQYSFWLY
ELCDVYLECLKPVLNGVDQVAAECARQTLYTCLDVGLRLLSPFMPFVTEELFQRLPRRMP
QAPPSLCVTPYPEPSECSWKDPEAEAALELALSITRAVRSLRADYNLTRIRPDCFLEVAD
EATGALASAVSGYVQALASAGVVAVLALGAPAPQGCAVALASDRCSIHLQLQGLVDPARE
LGKLQAKRVEAQRQAQRLRERRAASGYPVKVPLEVQEADEAKLQQTEAELRKVDEAIALF
QKML

Enzyme 66 Number of Residues

1264

Enzyme 66 Molecular Weight

140474.8

Enzyme 66 Theoretical pI

7.63

Enzyme 66 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity binding catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds nucleoside binding nucleotide binding purine nucleoside binding valine-tRNA ligase activity
Process
RNA metabolic process biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process ncRNA metabolic process tRNA aminoacylation tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation tRNA metabolic process translation valyl-tRNA aminoacylation
Component
cell part cytoplasm intracellular part

Enzyme 66 General Function

Involved in nucleotide binding

Enzyme 66 Specific Function

ATP + L-valine + tRNA(Val) = AMP + diphosphate + L-valyl-tRNA(Val)

Enzyme 66 Pathways

Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (map00970 )

Enzyme 66 Reactions

ATP + L-valine + tRNAVal = AMP + diphosphate + L-valyl-tRNAVal [RN:R03665]

Enzyme 66 Pfam Domain Function

Anticodon_1 (PF08264 )
GST_C (PF00043 )
GST_N (PF02798 )
tRNA-synt_1 (PF00133 )

Enzyme 66 Signals

None

Enzyme 66 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 66 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 66 GenBank ID Protein

4529896

Enzyme 66 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P26640

Enzyme 66 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

SYVC_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 66 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 66 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 66 Gene Sequence

>3795 bp

ATGTCCACCCTCTACGTCTCCCCTCACCCAGATGCCTTCCCCAGCCTCCGAGCCCTCATA
GCCGCTCGCTATGGGGAGGCTGGGGAGGGTCCCGGATGGGGAGGAGCCCACCCCCGCATC
TGTCTCCAGCCACCCCCGACTAGCAGGACTCCCTTTCCCCCACCCCGCCTGCCGGCCCTG
GAGCAGGGGCCCGGTGGGCTCTGGGTGTGGGGGGCCACGGCTGTGGCCCAGCTGCTGTGG
CCAGCAGGCCTGGGGGGCCCAGGGGGCAGCCGGGCGGCTGTCCTTGTCCAACAGTGGGTC
AGTTACGCCGACACGGAGTTAATACCAGCTGCCTGTGGAGCAACGCTGCCGGCCCTGGGA
CTCCGAAGCTCGGCCCAGGACCCCCAGGCTGTGCTGGGGGCCCTGGGCAGGGCCCTGAGC
CCCTTGGAGGAGTGGCTTCGGCTGCACACCTACTTGGCCGGGGAGGCCCCCACTCTGGCT
GACCTGGCGGCTGTCACAGCCTTGCTGCTGCCTTTCCGATACGTCCTAGACCCACCTGCC
CGCCGGATCTGGAATAATGTGACTCGCTGGTTTGTCACGTGTGTCCGGCAGCCAGAATTC
CGAGCCGTGCTAGGAGAAGTGGTTCTATACTCAGGAGCCAGGCCTCTCTCTCATCAGCCA
GGCCCCGAGGCTCCTGCCCTCCCAAAGACAGCTGCTCAGCTCAAGAAAGAGGCAAAGAAA
CGGGAGAAGCTAGAGAAATTCCAACAGAAGCAGAAGATCCAACAGCAGCAGCCACCTCCA
GGGGAGAAGAAACCAAAACCAGAGAAGAGGGAGAAACGGGATCCTGGGGTCATTACCTAT
GACCTCCCAACCCCACCCGGGGAAAAGAAAGATGTCAGTGGCCCCATGCCCGACTCCTAC
AGCCCTCGGTATGTGGAGGCTGCCTGGTACCCTTGGTGGGAGCAGCAGGGCTTCTTCAAG
CCAGAGTATGGGCGTCCTAATGTGTCAGCAGCAAATCCCCGAGGTGTCTTCATGATGTGC
ATCCCACCCCCCAATGTGACAGGCTCCCTGCACCTGGGCCATGCACTCACCAACGCCATC
CAGGACTCCCTGACTCGATGGCACCGCATGCGTGGGGAGACCACCCTGTGGAACCCTGGC
TGTGACCATGCAGGTATTGCCACCCAGGTGGTGGTGGAGAAGAAGCTATGGCGTGAGCAG
GGACTGAGCCGGCACCAGCTGGGCCGCGAGGCCTTTCTACAGGAAGTCTGGAAGTGGAAG
GAGGAGAAAGGTGACCGGATTTACCACCAGTTGAAGAAGCTTGGCAGCTCCTTGGACTGG
GATCGAGCCTGTTTCACCATGGACCCTAAACTCTCAGCAGCTGTGACAGAGGCCTTTGTC
CGGCTTCACGAGGAAGGCATCATCTATCGCAGTACCCGCCTTGTTAACTGGTCCTGCACC
CTCAACTCCGCCATCTCTGACATTGAGGTGGATAAGAAGGAGCTGACAGGTCGCACCCTG
CTCTCCGTGCCTGGCTACAAGGAGAAGGTGGAGTTCGGGGTCCTCGTGTCCTTTGCCTAT
AAGGTCCAAGGCTCAGATAGCGACGAGGAGGTGGTGGTGGCAACAACTCGGATCGAGACA
ATGCTGGGAGATGTGGCTGTAGCTGTGCACCCCAAAGATACCAGATACCAGCACCTGAAG
GGGAAGAACGTGATCCACCCATTCCTGTCTCGGAGCCTTCCCATTGTCTTCGATGAATTT
GTGGACATGGACTTTGGCACAGGTGCTGTGAAGATCACCCCCGCACATGACCAAAATGAC
TATGAAGTTGGGCAGCGGCACGGGCTGGAGGCCATCAGCATCATGGACTCCCGGGGGGCC
CTCATCAATGTGCCTCCGCCTTTCCTGGGCCTGCCCAGGTTTGAGGCCAGGAAAGCGGTG
CTGGTGGCGCTGAAGGAGCGGGGACTGTTCCGTGGCATTGAGGACAACCCCATGGTGGTG
CCACTTTGCAACCGGTCGAAGGACGTGGTAGAGCCTCTGCTGCGGCCGCAGTGGTACGTT
CGCTGCGGGGAGATGGCCCAGGCTGCCAGCGCCGCTGTGACTCGGGGTGACCTCCGCATC
CTGCCTGAGGCCCATCAGCGCACATGGCATGCCTGGATGGACAACATCCGGGAGTGGTGC
ATTTCCAGGCAGCTGTGGTGGGGCCATCGCATCCCAGCCTACTTTGTCACTGTCAGTGAC
CCAGCGGTGCCCCCTGGGGAGGACCCTGATGGGCGGTACTGGGTGAGTGGACGCAATGAG
GCGGAGGCCCGGGAGAAGGCAGCCAAGGAGTTCGGAGTGTCCCCTGACAAGATCAGTCTC
CAGCAAGATGAGGATGTATTGGATACCTGGTTCTCCTCTGGCCTCTTCCCCTTATCCATT
TTGGGCTGGCCCAACCAGTCAGAAGACCTGAGTGTGTTCTACCCCGGGACACTGCTGGAG
ACCGGTCATGACATCCTCTTCTTCTGGGTGGCCCGGATGGTCATGCTGGGCCTGAAGCTC
ACGGGCAGGCTGCCCTTTAGAGAGGTCTACCTCCATGCCATCGTGCGAGATGCTCACGGC
CGGAAGATGAGCAAGTCTCTAGGCAATGTCATCGATCCCCTGGATGTCATCTATGGAATC
TCCCTGCAGGGCCTCCACAACCAGCTGCTGAACAGCAACCTGGATCCCAGCGAGGTGGAG
AAGGCCAAAGAAGGGCAGAAAGCTGACTTCCCAGCGGGGATTCCTGAATGTGGCACCGAT
GCTCTCCGGTTTGGATTATGTGCCTACATGTCCCAGGGTCGTGACATCAACCTGGATGTG
AACCGGATACTGGGTTACCGCCACTTCTGCAACAAGCTCTGGAATGCCACCAAGTTTGCC
CTTCGTGGCCTTGGGAAGGGTTTTGTGCCCTCACCCACCTCCCAGCCCGGAGGCCATGAG
AGCCTGGTGGACCGCTGGATCCGCAGCCGCCTGACAGAGGCTGTGAGGCTCAGCAATCAA
GGCTTCCAGGCCTACGACTTCCCGGCCGTCACCACTGCCCAGTACAGCTTCTGGCTCTAT
GAGCTCTGTGATGTCTACTTGGAGTGCCTGAAACCTGTACTGAATGGGGTGGACCAGGTG
GCAGCTGAGTGTGCCCGCCAGACCCTGTACACTTGCCTGGACGTTGGCCTGCGGCTGCTC
TCACCCTTCATGCCCTTCGTGACGGAGGAGCTGTTCCAGAGGCTGCCCCGGAGGATGCCG
CAAGCTCCCCCTAGCCTCTGTGTTACCCCCTACCCGGAGCCCTCAGAGTGCTCCTGGAAG
GACCCCGAGGCAGAAGCCGCCCTTGAGCTGGCGCTAAGCATCACGCGAGCCGTGCGCTCC
CTGCGGGCCGACTACAACCTCACCCGGATCCGGCCTGACTGTTTCCTGGAAGTGGCGGAT
GAGGCCACGGGCGCCCTGGCATCGGCGGTGTCGGGCTACGTGCAGGCCCTGGCCAGCGCA
GGTGTGGTGGCTGTTCTGGCCCTGGGGGCTCCCGCCCCCCAGGGTTGCGCTGTGGCTCTG
GCTTCTGATCGCTGCTCCATCCACCTGCAGCTTCAGGGGCTGGTGGACCCTGCACGGGAG
CTGGGCAAGCTGCAAGCCAAGCGAGTTGAGGCCCAGCGGCAGGCCCAGCGTCTGCGGGAA
CGCCGTGCTGCCTCGGGCTATCCTGTCAAGGTGCCGCTCGAAGTCCAGGAGGCAGATGAA
GCCAAGCTCCAACAGACAGAAGCAGAGCTCAGGAAGGTGGATGAGGCCATCGCCCTATTC
CAGAAGATGCTGTGA

Enzyme 66 GenBank Gene ID

AF134726

Enzyme 66 GeneCard ID

VARS

Enzyme 66 GenAtlas ID

VARS

Enzyme 66 HGNC ID

HGNC:12651 Link Image

Enzyme 66 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 66 Locus

6p21.3

Enzyme 66 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 66 General References

Hsieh SL, Campbell RD: Evidence that gene G7a in the human major histocompatibility complex encodes valyl-tRNA synthetase. Biochem J. 1991 Sep 15;278 ( Pt 3):809-16. [PubMed ]
Xie T, Rowen L, Aguado B, Ahearn ME, Madan A, Qin S, Campbell RD, Hood L: Analysis of the gene-dense major histocompatibility complex class III region and its comparison to mouse. Genome Res. 2003 Dec;13(12):2621-36. [PubMed ]
Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, Edwards CA, Ashurst JL, Wilming L, Jones MC, Horton R, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Gilbert JG, Clamp ME, Bethel G, Milne S, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Andrews TD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bray-Allen S, Brook J, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clark G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley V, Collier RE, Collins JE, Colman LK, Corby NR, Coville GJ, Culley KM, Dhami P, Davies J, Dunn M, Earthrowl ME, Ellington AE, Evans KA, Faulkner L, Francis MD, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori MJ, Gilby LM, Gillson CJ, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Grant M, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths M, Hall R, Halls KS, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart EA, Heath PD, Heathcott R, Holmes SJ, Howden PJ, Howe KL, Howell GR, Huckle E, Humphray SJ, Humphries MD, Hunt AR, Johnson CM, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan SJ, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd CR, Lloyd DM, Loveland JE, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Maslen GL, Matthews L, McCann OT, McLaren SJ, McLay K, McMurray A, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Niblett D, Nickerson T, Novik KL, Oliver K, Overton-Larty EK, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Phillimore B, Phillips S, Plumb RW, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Ranby SA, Rice CM, Ross MT, Searle SM, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Skuce CD, Smith S, Smith M, Spraggon L, Squares SL, Steward CA, Sycamore N, Tamlyn-Hall G, Tester J, Theaker AJ, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tubby B, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, White SS, Whitehead SL, Whittaker H, Wild A, Willey DJ, Wilmer TE, Wood JM, Wray PW, Wyatt JC, Young L, Younger RM, Bentley DR, Coulson A, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Sulston JE, Dunham I, Rogers J, Beck S: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. Nature. 2003 Oct 23;425(6960):805-11. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Vilalta A, Donovan D, Wood L, Vogeli G, Yang DC: Cloning, sequencing and expression of a cDNA encoding mammalian valyl-tRNA synthetase. Gene. 1993 Jan 30;123(2):181-6. [PubMed ]
Rikova K, Guo A, Zeng Q, Possemato A, Yu J, Haack H, Nardone J, Lee K, Reeves C, Li Y, Hu Y, Tan Z, Stokes M, Sullivan L, Mitchell J, Wetzel R, Macneill J, Ren JM, Yuan J, Bakalarski CE, Villen J, Kornhauser JM, Smith B, Li D, Zhou X, Gygi SP, Gu TL, Polakiewicz RD, Rush J, Comb MJ: Global survey of phosphotyrosine signaling identifies oncogenic kinases in lung cancer. Cell. 2007 Dec 14;131(6):1190-203. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 66 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 67 [top]

Enzyme 67 ID

5926

Enzyme 67 Name

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N

Enzyme 67 Synonyms

Bendless-like ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme
Ubc13
Ubiquitin carrier protein N
Ubiquitin-protein ligase N

Enzyme 67 Gene Name

UBE2N

Enzyme 67 Protein Sequence

>Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N

MAGLPRRIIKETQRLLAEPVPGIKAEPDESNARYFHVVIAGPQDSPFEGGTFKLELFLPE
EYPMAAPKVRFMTKIYHPNVDKLGRICLDILKDKWSPALQIRTVLLSIQALLSAPNPDDP
LANDVAEQWKTNEAQAIETARAWTRLYAMNNI

Enzyme 67 Number of Residues

152

Enzyme 67 Molecular Weight

17137.6

Enzyme 67 Theoretical pI

6.53

Enzyme 67 GO Classification

Function
acid-amino acid ligase activity catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds small conjugating protein ligase activity
Process
biological regulation macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule modification metabolic process post-translational protein modification protein modification process regulation of biological process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of metabolic process regulation of protein metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 67 General Function

Involved in acid-amino acid ligase activity

Enzyme 67 Specific Function

The UBE2V1-UBE2N and UBE2V2-UBE2N heterodimers catalyze the synthesis of non-canonical 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains. This type of polyubiquitination does not lead to protein degradation by the proteasome. Mediates transcriptional activation of target genes. Plays a role in the control of progress through the cell cycle and differentiation. Plays a role in the error-free DNA repair pathway and contributes to the survival of cells after DNA damage. Acts together with the E3 ligases, HLTF and SHPRH, in the 'Lys-63'-linked poly-ubiquitination of PCNA upon genotoxic stress, which is required for DNA repair. Appears to act together with E3 ligase RNF5 in the 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of JKAMP thereby regulating JKAMP function by decreasing its association with components of the proteasome and ERAD

Enzyme 67 Pathways

Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis (map04120 )

Enzyme 67 Reactions

ATP + ubiquitin + protein lysine = AMP + diphosphate + protein N-ubiquityllysine [RN:R03876]

Enzyme 67 Pfam Domain Function

UQ_con (PF00179 )

Enzyme 67 Signals

None

Enzyme 67 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 67 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 67 GenBank ID Protein

12653255

Enzyme 67 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P61088

Enzyme 67 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

UBE2N_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 67 PDB ID

1J7D

Enzyme 67 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 67 3D Structure

Enzyme 67 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 67 Gene Sequence

>459 bp

ATGGCCGGGCTGCCCCGCAGGATCATCAAGGAAACCCAGCGTTTGCTGGCAGAACCAGTT
CCTGGCATCAAAGCCGAACCAGATGAGAGCAACGCCCGTTATTTTCATGTGGTCATTGCT
GGCCCTCAGGATTCCCCCTTTGAGGGAGGGACTTTTAAACTTGAACTATTCCTTCCAGAA
GAATACCCAATGGCAGCCCCTAAAGTACGTTTCATGACCAAAATTTATCATCCTAATGTA
GACAAGTTGGGAAGAATATGTTTAGATATTTTGAAAGATAAGTGGTCCCCAGCACTGCAG
ATCCGCACAGTTCTGCTATCGATCCAGGCCTTGTTAAGTGCTCCCAATCCAGATGATCCA
TTAGCAAATGATGTAGCGGAGCAGTGGAAGACCAACGAAGCCCAAGCCATAGAAACAGCT
AGAGCATGGACTAGGCTATATGCCATGAATAATATTTAA

Enzyme 67 GenBank Gene ID

BC000396

Enzyme 67 GeneCard ID

UBE2N

Enzyme 67 GenAtlas ID

UBE2N

Enzyme 67 HGNC ID

HGNC:12492 Link Image

Enzyme 67 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 67 Locus

12q22

Enzyme 67 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 67 General References

Yamaguchi T, Kim NS, Sekine S, Seino H, Osaka F, Yamao F, Kato S: Cloning and expression of cDNA encoding a human ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme similar to the Drosophila bendless gene product. J Biochem (Tokyo). 1996 Sep;120(3):494-97. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Zou W, Papov V, Malakhova O, Kim KI, Dao C, Li J, Zhang DE: ISG15 modification of ubiquitin E2 Ubc13 disrupts its ability to form thioester bond with ubiquitin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Oct 14;336(1):61-8. [PubMed ]
Hofmann RM, Pickart CM: Noncanonical MMS2-encoded ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme functions in assembly of novel polyubiquitin chains for DNA repair. Cell. 1999 Mar 5;96(5):645-53. [PubMed ]
Bothos J, Summers MK, Venere M, Scolnick DM, Halazonetis TD: The Chfr mitotic checkpoint protein functions with Ubc13-Mms2 to form Lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains. Oncogene. 2003 Oct 16;22(46):7101-7. [PubMed ]
Takeuchi T, Yokosawa H: ISG15 modification of Ubc13 suppresses its ubiquitin-conjugating activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Oct 14;336(1):9-13. [PubMed ]
Motegi A, Sood R, Moinova H, Markowitz SD, Liu PP, Myung K: Human SHPRH suppresses genomic instability through proliferating cell nuclear antigen polyubiquitination. J Cell Biol. 2006 Dec 4;175(5):703-8. Epub 2006 Nov 27. [PubMed ]
Plans V, Scheper J, Soler M, Loukili N, Okano Y, Thomson TM: The RING finger protein RNF8 recruits UBC13 for lysine 63-based self polyubiquitylation. J Cell Biochem. 2006 Feb 15;97(3):572-82. [PubMed ]
Unk I, Hajdu I, Fatyol K, Szakal B, Blastyak A, Bermudez V, Hurwitz J, Prakash L, Prakash S, Haracska L: Human SHPRH is a ubiquitin ligase for Mms2-Ubc13-dependent polyubiquitylation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Nov 28;103(48):18107-12. Epub 2006 Nov 15. [PubMed ]
Lamothe B, Besse A, Campos AD, Webster WK, Wu H, Darnay BG: Site-specific Lys-63-linked tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 auto-ubiquitination is a critical determinant of I kappa B kinase activation. J Biol Chem. 2007 Feb 9;282(6):4102-12. Epub 2006 Nov 29. [PubMed ]
Unk I, Hajdu I, Fatyol K, Hurwitz J, Yoon JH, Prakash L, Prakash S, Haracska L: Human HLTF functions as a ubiquitin ligase for proliferating cell nuclear antigen polyubiquitination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Mar 11;105(10):3768-73. Epub 2008 Mar 3. [PubMed ]
Motegi A, Liaw HJ, Lee KY, Roest HP, Maas A, Wu X, Moinova H, Markowitz SD, Ding H, Hoeijmakers JH, Myung K: Polyubiquitination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen by HLTF and SHPRH prevents genomic instability from stalled replication forks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 26;105(34):12411-6. Epub 2008 Aug 21. [PubMed ]
Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
Stewart GS, Panier S, Townsend K, Al-Hakim AK, Kolas NK, Miller ES, Nakada S, Ylanko J, Olivarius S, Mendez M, Oldreive C, Wildenhain J, Tagliaferro A, Pelletier L, Taubenheim N, Durandy A, Byrd PJ, Stankovic T, Taylor AM, Durocher D: The RIDDLE syndrome protein mediates a ubiquitin-dependent signaling cascade at sites of DNA damage. Cell. 2009 Feb 6;136(3):420-34. [PubMed ]
Tcherpakov M, Delaunay A, Toth J, Kadoya T, Petroski MD, Ronai ZA: Regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation by RNF5-dependent ubiquitination of JNK-associated membrane protein (JAMP). J Biol Chem. 2009 May 1;284(18):12099-109. Epub 2009 Mar 6. [PubMed ]
Marteijn JA, van der Meer LT, Smit JJ, Noordermeer SM, Wissink W, Jansen P, Swarts HG, Hibbert RG, de Witte T, Sixma TK, Jansen JH, van der Reijden BA: The ubiquitin ligase Triad1 inhibits myelopoiesis through UbcH7 and Ubc13 interacting domains. Leukemia. 2009 Aug;23(8):1480-9. Epub 2009 Apr 2. [PubMed ]
Scheper J, Oliva B, Villa-Freixa J, Thomson TM: Analysis of electrostatic contributions to the selectivity of interactions between RING-finger domains and ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. Proteins. 2009 Jan;74(1):92-103. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
David Y, Ziv T, Admon A, Navon A: The E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes direct polyubiquitination to preferred lysines. J Biol Chem. 2010 Mar 19;285(12):8595-604. Epub 2010 Jan 8. [PubMed ]
Moraes TF, Edwards RA, McKenna S, Pastushok L, Xiao W, Glover JN, Ellison MJ: Crystal structure of the human ubiquitin conjugating enzyme complex, hMms2-hUbc13. Nat Struct Biol. 2001 Aug;8(8):669-73. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 67 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 68 [top]

Enzyme 68 ID

5928

Enzyme 68 Name

Argininosuccinate synthase

Enzyme 68 Synonyms

Citrulline--aspartate ligase

Enzyme 68 Gene Name

ASS1

Enzyme 68 Protein Sequence

>Argininosuccinate synthase

MSSKGSVVLAYSGGLDTSCILVWLKEQGYDVIAYLANIGQKEDFEEARKKALKLGAKKVF
IEDVSREFVEEFIWPAIQSSALYEDRYLLGTSLARPCIARKQVEIAQREGAKYVSHGATG
KGNDQVRFELSCYSLAPQIKVIAPWRMPEFYNRFKGRNDLMEYAKQHGIPIPVTPKNPWS
MDENLMHISYEAGILENPKNQAPPGLYTKTQDPAKAPNTPDILEIEFKKGVPVKVTNVKD
GTTHQTSLELFMYLNEVAGKHGVGRIDIVENRFIGMKSRGIYETPAGTILYHAHLDIEAF
TMDREVRKIKQGLGLKFAELVYTGFWHSPECEFVRHCIAKSQERVEGKVQVSVLKGQVYI
LGRESPLSLYNEELVSMNVQGDYEPTDATGFININSLRLKEYHRLQSKVTAK

Enzyme 68 Number of Residues

412

Enzyme 68 Molecular Weight

46530.1

Enzyme 68 Theoretical pI

8.18

Enzyme 68 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding argininosuccinate synthase activity binding catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds nucleoside binding purine nucleoside binding
Process
arginine biosynthetic process arginine metabolic process cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process cellular amino acid metabolic process cellular metabolic process glutamine family amino acid metabolic process metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 68 General Function

Involved in argininosuccinate synthase activity

Enzyme 68 Specific Function

ATP + L-citrulline + L-aspartate = AMP + diphosphate + N(omega)-(L-arginino)succinate

Enzyme 68 Pathways

Arginine and Proline Metabolism (map00330 )

Enzyme 68 Reactions

ATP + L-citrulline + L-aspartate = AMP + diphosphate + 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate [RN:R01954]

Enzyme 68 Pfam Domain Function

Arginosuc_synth (PF00764 )

Enzyme 68 Signals

None

Enzyme 68 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 68 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 68 GenBank ID Protein

28872

Enzyme 68 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P00966

Enzyme 68 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

ASSY_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 68 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 68 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 68 Gene Sequence

>1239 bp

ATGTCCAGCAAAGGCTCCGTGGTTCTGGCCTACAGTGGCGGCCTGGACACCTCGTGCATC
CTCGTGTGGCTGAAGGAACAAGGCTATGACGTCATTGCCTATCTGGCCAACATTGGCCAG
AAGGAAGACTTCGAGGAAGCCAGGAAGAAGGCACTGAAGCTTGGGGCCAAAAAGGTGTTC
ATTGAGGATGTCAGCAGGGAGTTTGTGGAGGAGTTCATCTGGCCGGCCATCCAGTCCAGC
GCACTGTATGAGGACCGCTACCTCCTGGGCACCTCTCTTGCCAGGCCCTGCATCGCCCGC
AAACAAGTGGAAATCGCCCAGCGGGAGGGGGCCAAGTATGTGTCCCACGGCGCCACAGGA
AAGGGGAACGATCAGGTCCGGTTTGAGCTCAGCTGCTACTCACTGGCCCCCCAGATAAAG
GTCATTGCTCCCTGGAGGATGCCTGAATTCTACAACCGGTTCAAGGGCCGCAATGACCTG
ATGGAGTACGCAAAGCAACACGGGATTCCCATCCCGGTCACTCCCAAGAACCCGTGGAGC
ATGGATGAGAACCTCATGCACATCAGCTACGAGGCTGGAATCCTGGAGAACCCCAAGAAC
CAAGCGCCTCCAGGTCTCTACACGAAGACCCAGGACCCAGCCAAAGCCCCCAACACCCCT
GACATTCTCGAGATCGAGTTCAAAAAAGGGGTCCCTGTGAAGGTGACCAACGTCAAGGAT
GGCACCACCCACCAGACCTCCTTGGAGCTCTTCATGTACCTGAACGAAGTCGCGGGCAAG
CATGGCGTGGGCCGTATTGACATCGTGGAGAACCGCTTCATTGGAATGAAGTCCCGAGGT
ATCTACGAGACCCCAGCAGGCACCATCCTTTACCATGCTCATTTAGACATCGAGGCCTTC
ACCATGGACCGGGAAGTGCGCAAAATCAAACAAGGCCTGGGCTTGAAATTTGCTGAGCTG
GTGTATACCGGTTTACGGCCTAGCCCTGAGTGTGAATTTGTCCGCCACTGCATCGCCAAG
TCCCAGGAGCGAGTGGAAGGGAAAGTGCAGGTGTCCGTCCTCAAGGGCCAGGTGTACATC
CTCGGCCGGGAGTCCCCACTGTCTCTCTACAATGAGGAGCTGGTGAGCATGAACGTGCAG
GGTGATTATGAGCCAACTGATGCCACCGGGTTCATCAACATCAATTCCCTCAGGCTGAAG
GAATATCATCGTCTCCAGAGCAAGGTCACTGCCAAATAG

Enzyme 68 GenBank Gene ID

X01630

Enzyme 68 GeneCard ID

ASS1

Enzyme 68 GenAtlas ID

ASS1

Enzyme 68 HGNC ID

HGNC:758

Enzyme 68 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 68 Locus

9q34.1

Enzyme 68 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 68 General References

Bock HG, Su TS, O'Brien WE, Beaudet AL: Sequence for human argininosuccinate synthetase cDNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Sep 24;11(18):6505-12. [PubMed ]
Freytag SO, Bock HG, Beaudet AL, O'Brien WE: Molecular structures of human argininosuccinate synthetase pseudogenes. Evolutionary and mechanistic implications. J Biol Chem. 1984 Mar 10;259(5):3160-6. [PubMed ]
Haberle J, Pauli S, Linnebank M, Kleijer WJ, Bakker HD, Wanders RJ, Harms E, Koch HG: Structure of the human argininosuccinate synthetase gene and an improved system for molecular diagnostics in patients with classical and mild citrullinemia. Hum Genet. 2002 Apr;110(4):327-33. Epub 2002 Mar 1. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Jinno Y, Nomiyama H, Matuo S, Shimada K, Matsuda I, Saheki T: Structure of the 5' end region of the human argininosuccinate synthetase gene. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1985;8(3):157-9. [PubMed ]
Isashiki Y, Noda T, Kobayashi K, Sase M, Saheki T, Titani K: Identification of essential arginine residue(s) for Mg-ATP binding of human argininosuccinate synthetase. Protein Seq Data Anal. 1989 Jul;2(4):283-7. [PubMed ]
Ji H, Reid GE, Moritz RL, Eddes JS, Burgess AW, Simpson RJ: A two-dimensional gel database of human colon carcinoma proteins. Electrophoresis. 1997 Mar-Apr;18(3-4):605-13. [PubMed ]
Zheng X, Dai X, Zhao Y, Chen Q, Lu F, Yao D, Yu Q, Liu X, Zhang C, Gu X, Luo M: Restructuring of the dinucleotide-binding fold in an NADP(H) sensor protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 May 22;104(21):8809-14. Epub 2007 May 11. [PubMed ]
Imami K, Sugiyama N, Kyono Y, Tomita M, Ishihama Y: Automated phosphoproteome analysis for cultured cancer cells by two-dimensional nanoLC-MS using a calcined titania/C18 biphasic column. Anal Sci. 2008 Jan;24(1):161-6. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
Engel K, Hohne W, Haberle J: Mutations and polymorphisms in the human argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS1) gene. Hum Mutat. 2009 Mar;30(3):300-7. [PubMed ]
Kobayashi K, Jackson MJ, Tick DB, O'Brien WE, Beaudet AL: Heterogeneity of mutations in argininosuccinate synthetase causing human citrullinemia. J Biol Chem. 1990 Jul 5;265(19):11361-7. [PubMed ]
Kobayashi K, Rosenbloom C, Beaudet AL, O'Brien WE: Additional mutations in argininosuccinate synthetase causing citrullinemia. Mol Biol Med. 1991 Feb;8(1):95-100. [PubMed ]
Kobayashi K, Shaheen N, Terazono H, Saheki T: Mutations in argininosuccinate synthetase mRNA of Japanese patients, causing classical citrullinemia. Am J Hum Genet. 1994 Dec;55(6):1103-12. [PubMed ]
Shaheen N, Kobayashi K, Terazono H, Fukushige T, Horiuchi M, Saheki T: Characterization of human wild-type and mutant argininosuccinate synthetase proteins expressed in bacterial cells. Enzyme Protein. 1994-1995;48(5-6):251-64. [PubMed ]
Vilaseca MA, Kobayashi K, Briones P, Lambruschini N, Campistol J, Tabata A, Alomar A, Rodes M, Lluch M, Saheki T: Phenotype and genotype heterogeneity in Mediterranean citrullinemia. Mol Genet Metab. 2001 Nov;74(3):396-8. [PubMed ]
Gao HZ, Kobayashi K, Tabata A, Tsuge H, Iijima M, Yasuda T, Kalkanoglu HS, Dursun A, Tokatli A, Coskun T, Trefz FK, Skladal D, Mandel H, Seidel J, Kodama S, Shirane S, Ichida T, Makino S, Yoshino M, Kang JH, Mizuguchi M, Barshop BA, Fuchinoue S, Seneca S, Zeesman S, Knerr I, Rodes M, Wasant P, Yoshida I, De Meirleir L, Abdul Jalil M, Begum L, Horiuchi M, Katunuma N, Nakagawa S, Saheki T: Identification of 16 novel mutations in the argininosuccinate synthetase gene and genotype-phenotype correlation in 38 classical citrullinemia patients. Hum Mutat. 2003 Jul;22(1):24-34. [PubMed ]
Haberle J, Pauli S, Schmidt E, Schulze-Eilfing B, Berning C, Koch HG: Mild citrullinemia in Caucasians is an allelic variant of argininosuccinate synthetase deficiency (citrullinemia type 1). Mol Genet Metab. 2003 Nov;80(3):302-6. [PubMed ]
Kleijer WJ, Garritsen VH, van der Sterre ML, Berning C, Haberle J, Huijmans JG: Prenatal diagnosis of citrullinemia and argininosuccinic aciduria: evidence for a transmission ratio distortion in citrullinemia. Prenat Diagn. 2006 Mar;26(3):242-7. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 68 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 69 [top]

Enzyme 69 ID

5932

Enzyme 69 Name

DNA ligase 1

Enzyme 69 Synonyms

DNA ligase I
Polydeoxyribonucleotide synthase [ATP] 1

Enzyme 69 Gene Name

LIG1

Enzyme 69 Protein Sequence

>DNA ligase 1

MQRSIMSFFHPKKEGKAKKPEKEASNSSRETEPPPKAALKEWNGVVSESDSPVKRPGRKA
ARVLGSEGEEEDEALSPAKGQKPALDCSQVSPPRPATSPENNASLSDTSPMDSSPSGIPK
RRTARKQLPKRTIQEVLEEQSEDEDREAKRKKEEEEEETPKESLTEAEVATEKEGEDGDQ
PTTPPKPLKTSKAETPTESVSEPEVATKQELQEEEEQTKPPRRAPKTLSSFFTPRKPAVK
KEVKEEEPGAPGKEGAAEGPLDPSGYNPAKNNYHPVEDACWKPGQKVPYLAVARTFEKIE
EVSARLRMVETLSNLLRSVVALSPPDLLPVLYLSLNHLGPPQQGLELGVGDGVLLKAVAQ
ATGRQLESVRAEAAEKGDVGLVAENSRSTQRLMLPPPPLTASGVFSKFRDIARLTGSAST
AKKIDIIKGLFVACRHSEARFIARSLSGRLRLGLAEQSVLAALSQAVSLTPPGQEFPPAM
VDAGKGKTAEARKTWLEEQGMILKQTFCEVPDLDRIIPVLLEHGLERLPEHCKLSPGIPL
KPMLAHPTRGISEVLKRFEEAAFTCEYKYDGQRAQIHALEGGEVKIFSRNQEDNTGKYPD
IISRIPKIKLPSVTSFILDTEAVAWDREKKQIQPFQVLTTRKRKEVDASEIQVQVCLYAF
DLIYLNGESLVREPLSRRRQLLRENFVETEGEFVFATSLDTKDIEQIAEFLEQSVKDSCE
GLMVKTLDVDATYEIAKRSHNWLKLKKDYLDGVGDTLDLVVIGAYLGRGKRAGRYGGFLL
ASYDEDSEELQAICKLGTGFSDEELEEHHQSLKALVLPSPRPYVRIDGAVIPDHWLDPSA
VWEVKCADLSLSPIYPAARGLVDSDKGISLRFPRFIRVREDKQPEQATTSAQVACLYRKQ
SQIQNQQGEDSGSDPEDTY

Enzyme 69 Number of Residues

919

Enzyme 69 Molecular Weight

101735.1

Enzyme 69 Theoretical pI

5.30

Enzyme 69 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding DNA binding DNA ligase (ATP) activity DNA ligase (ATP) activity DNA ligase (ATP) activity DNA ligase (ATP) activity DNA ligase activity adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding binding catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming phosphoric ester bonds nucleic acid binding nucleoside binding purine nucleoside binding
Process
DNA ligation DNA ligation involved in DNA repair DNA metabolic process DNA recombination DNA repair DNA replication cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 69 General Function

Involved in DNA ligase (ATP) activity

Enzyme 69 Specific Function

DNA ligase that seals nicks in double-stranded DNA during DNA replication, DNA recombination and DNA repair

Enzyme 69 Pathways

Not Available

Enzyme 69 Reactions

ATP + (deoxyribonucleotide)n + (deoxyribonucleotide)m = AMP + diphosphate + (deoxyribonucleotide)n+m [RN:R00381]

Enzyme 69 Pfam Domain Function

DNA_ligase_A_C (PF04679 )
DNA_ligase_A_M (PF01068 )
DNA_ligase_A_N (PF04675 )

Enzyme 69 Signals

None

Enzyme 69 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 69 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 69 GenBank ID Protein

187143

Enzyme 69 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P18858

Enzyme 69 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

DNLI1_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 69 PDB ID

1X9N

Enzyme 69 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 69 3D Structure

Enzyme 69 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 69 Gene Sequence

>2760 bp

ATGCAGCGAAGTATCATGTCATTTTTCCACCCCAAGAAAGAGGGTAAAGCAAAGAAGCCT
GAGAAGGAGGCATCCAATAGCAGCAGAGAGACGGAGCCCCCTCCAAAGGCGGCACTGAAG
GAGTGGAATGGAGTGGTGTCCGAGAGTGACTCTCCGGTGAAGAGGCCAGGGAGGAAGGCG
GCCCGGGTCCTGGGCAGCGAAGGGGAAGAGGAGGATGAAGCCCTTAGCCCTGCTAAAGGC
CAGAAGCCTGCCCTGGACTGCTCACAGGTCTCCCCGCCCCGTCCTGCCACATCTCCTGAG
AACAATGCTTCCCTCTCTGACACCTCTCCCATGGACAGTTCCCCATCAGGGATTCCGAAG
CGTCGCACAGCTCGGAAGCAGCTCCCGAAACGGACCATTCAGGAAGTCCTGGAAGAGCAG
AGTGAGGACGAGGACAGAGAAGCCAAGAGGAAGAAGGAGGAGGAAGAAGAGGAGACCCCG
AAAGAAAGCCTCACAGAGGCTGAAGTGGCAACAGAGAAGGAAGGAGAAGACGGGGACCAG
CCCACCACGCCTCCCAAGCCCCTAAAGACCTCCAAAGCAGAGACCCCGACGGAAAGCGTT
TCAGAGCCTGAGGTGGCCACGAAGCAGGAACTGCAGGAGGAGGAAGAGCAGACCAAGCCT
CCCCGCAGAGCTCCCAAGACGCTCAGCAGCTTCTTCACCCCCCGGAAGCCAGCAGTCAAA
AAAGAAGTGAAGGAAGAGGAGCCAGGGGCTCCAGGAAAGGAGGGAGCTGCTGAGGGACCC
CTGGATCCATCTGGTTACAATCCTGCCAAGAACAACTATCATCCCGTGGAAGATGCCTGC
TGGAAACCGGGCCAGAAGGTTCCTTACCTGGCTGTGGCCCGGACGTTTGAGAAGATCGAG
GAGGTGTCTGCTCGGCTCCGGATGGTGGAGACGCTGAGCAACTTGCTGCGCTCCGTGGTG
GCCCTGTCGCCTCCAGACCTCCTCCCTGTCCTCTACCTCAGCCTCAACCACCTTGGGCCA
CCCCAGCAGGGCCTGGAGCTTGGCGTGGGTGATGGTGTCCTTCTCAAGGCAGTGGCCCAG
GCCACAGGTCGGCAGCTGGAGTCCGTCCGGGCTGAGGCAGCCGAGAAAGGCGACGTGGGG
CTGGTGGCCGAGAACAGCCGCAGCACCCAGAGGCTCATGCTGCCACCACCTCCGCTCACT
GCCTCCGGGGTCTTCAGCAAGTTCCGCGACATCGCCAGGCTCACTGGCAGTGCTTCCACA
GCCAAGAAGATAGACATCATCAAAGGCCTCTTTGTGGCCTGCCGCCACTCAGAAGCCCGG
TTCATCGCTAGGTCCCTGAGCGGACGGCTGCGCCTTGGGCTGGCAGAGCAGTCGGTGCTG
GCTGCCCTCTCCCAGGCAGTGAGCCTCACGCCCCCGGGCCAAGAATTCCCACCAGCCATG
GTGGATGCTGGGAAGGGCAAGACAGCAGAGGCCAGAAAGACGTGGCTGGAGGAGCAAGGC
ATGATCCTGAAGCAGACGTTCTGCGAGGTTCCCGACCTGGACCGAATTATCCCCGTGCTG
CTGGAGCACGGCCTGGAACGTCTCCCGGAGCACTGCAAGCTGAGCCCAGGGATTCCCCTG
AAACCAATGTTGGCCCATCCCACCCGGGGCATCAGCGAGGTCCTGAAACGCTTTGAGGAG
GCAGCTTTCACCTGCGAATACAAATATGACGGGCAGAGGGCACAGATCCACGCCCTGGAA
GGCGGGGAGGTGAAGATCTTCAGCAGGAATCAGGAAGACAACACTGGGAAGTACCCGGAC
ATCATCAGCCGCATCCCCAAGATTAAACTCCCATCGGTCACATCCTTCATCCTGGACACC
GAAGCCGTGGCTTGGGACCGGGAAAAGAAGCAGATCCAGCCATTCCAAGTGCTCACCACC
CGCAAACGCAAGGAGGTGGATGCGTCTGAGATCCAGGTGCAGGTGTGTTTGTACGCCTTC
GACCTCATCTACCTCAATGGAGAGTCCCTGGTACGTGAGCCCCTTTCCCGGCGCCGGCAG
CTGCTCCGGGAGAACTTTGTGGAGACAGAGGGCGAGTTTGTCTTCGCCACCTCCCTGGAC
ACCAAGGACATCGAGCAGATCGCCGAGTTCCTGGAGCAGTCAGTGAAAGACTCCTGCGAG
GGGCTGATGGTGAAGACCCTGGATGTTGATGCCACCTACGAGATCGCCAAGAGATCGCAC
AACTGGCTCAAGCTGAAGAAGGACTACCTTGATGGCGTGGGTGACACCCTGGACCTGGTG
GTGATCGGCGCCTACCTGGGCCGGGGGAAGCGGGCCGGCCGGTACGGGGGCTTCCTGCTG
GCCTCCTACGACGAGGACAGTGAGGAGCTGCAGGCCATATGCAAGCTTGGAACTGGCTTC
AGTGATGAGGAGCTGGAGGAGCATCACCAGAGCCTCAAGGCGCTGGTGCTGCCCAGCCCA
CGCCCTTACGTGCGGATAGATGGCGCTGTGATTCCCGACCACTGGCTGGACCCCAGCGCT
GTGTGGGAGGTGAAGTGCGCTGACCTCTCCCTCTCTCCCATCTACCCTGCTGCGCGGGGC
CTGGTGGATAGTGACAAGGGCATCTCCCTTCGCTTCCCTCGGTTTATTCGAGTCCGTGAA
GACAAGCAGCCGGAGCAGGCCACCACCAGTGCTCAGGTGGCCTGTTTGTACCGGAAGCAA
AGTCAGATTCAGAACCAACAAGGCGAGGACTCAGGCTCTGACCCTGAAGATACCTACTAA

Enzyme 69 GenBank Gene ID

M36067

Enzyme 69 GeneCard ID

LIG1

Enzyme 69 GenAtlas ID

LIG1

Enzyme 69 HGNC ID

HGNC:6598

Enzyme 69 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 69 Locus

19q13.2-q13.3

Enzyme 69 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 69 General References

Barnes DE, Johnston LH, Kodama K, Tomkinson AE, Lasko DD, Lindahl T: Human DNA ligase I cDNA: cloning and functional expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Sep;87(17):6679-83. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Petrini JH, Huwiler KG, Weaver DT: A wild-type DNA ligase I gene is expressed in Bloom's syndrome cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Sep 1;88(17):7615-9. [PubMed ]
Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, Elias JE, Villen J, Li J, Cohn MA, Cantley LC, Gygi SP: Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Aug 17;101(33):12130-5. Epub 2004 Aug 9. [PubMed ]
Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed ]
Beausoleil SA, Villen J, Gerber SA, Rush J, Gygi SP: A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization. Nat Biotechnol. 2006 Oct;24(10):1285-92. Epub 2006 Sep 10. [PubMed ]
Yu LR, Zhu Z, Chan KC, Issaq HJ, Dimitrov DS, Veenstra TD: Improved titanium dioxide enrichment of phosphopeptides from HeLa cells and high confident phosphopeptide identification by cross-validation of MS/MS and MS/MS/MS spectra. J Proteome Res. 2007 Nov;6(11):4150-62. Epub 2007 Oct 9. [PubMed ]
Tang LY, Deng N, Wang LS, Dai J, Wang ZL, Jiang XS, Li SJ, Li L, Sheng QH, Wu DQ, Li L, Zeng R: Quantitative phosphoproteome profiling of Wnt3a-mediated signaling network: indicating the involvement of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase M2 subunit phosphorylation at residue serine 20 in canonical Wnt signal transduction. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2007 Nov;6(11):1952-67. Epub 2007 Aug 12. [PubMed ]
Imami K, Sugiyama N, Kyono Y, Tomita M, Ishihama Y: Automated phosphoproteome analysis for cultured cancer cells by two-dimensional nanoLC-MS using a calcined titania/C18 biphasic column. Anal Sci. 2008 Jan;24(1):161-6. [PubMed ]
Cantin GT, Yi W, Lu B, Park SK, Xu T, Lee JD, Yates JR 3rd: Combining protein-based IMAC, peptide-based IMAC, and MudPIT for efficient phosphoproteomic analysis. J Proteome Res. 2008 Mar;7(3):1346-51. Epub 2008 Jan 26. [PubMed ]
Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]
Tan F, Lu L, Cai Y, Wang J, Xie Y, Wang L, Gong Y, Xu BE, Wu J, Luo Y, Qiang B, Yuan J, Sun X, Peng X: Proteomic analysis of ubiquitinated proteins in normal hepatocyte cell line Chang liver cells. Proteomics. 2008 Jul;8(14):2885-96. [PubMed ]
Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed ]
Pascal JM, O'Brien PJ, Tomkinson AE, Ellenberger T: Human DNA ligase I completely encircles and partially unwinds nicked DNA. Nature. 2004 Nov 25;432(7016):473-8. [PubMed ]
Barnes DE, Tomkinson AE, Lehmann AR, Webster AD, Lindahl T: Mutations in the DNA ligase I gene of an individual with immunodeficiencies and cellular hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. Cell. 1992 May 1;69(3):495-503. [PubMed ]
Sjoblom T, Jones S, Wood LD, Parsons DW, Lin J, Barber TD, Mandelker D, Leary RJ, Ptak J, Silliman N, Szabo S, Buckhaults P, Farrell C, Meeh P, Markowitz SD, Willis J, Dawson D, Willson JK, Gazdar AF, Hartigan J, Wu L, Liu C, Parmigiani G, Park BH, Bachman KE, Papadopoulos N, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Velculescu VE: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):268-74. Epub 2006 Sep 7. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 69 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 70 [top]

Enzyme 70 ID

5977

Enzyme 70 Name

Adenylate cyclase type 7

Enzyme 70 Synonyms

ATP pyrophosphate-lyase 7
Adenylate cyclase type VII
Adenylyl cyclase 7

Enzyme 70 Gene Name

ADCY7

Enzyme 70 Protein Sequence

>Adenylate cyclase type 7

MPAKGRYFLNEGEEGPDQDALYEKYQLTSQHGPLLLTLLLVAATACVALIIIAFSQGDPS
RHQAILGMAFLVLAVFAALSVLMYVECLLRRWLRALALLTWACLVALGYVLVFDAWTKAA
CAWEQVPFFLFIVFVVYTLLPFSMRGAVAVGAVSTASHLLVLGSLMGGFTTPSVRVGLQL
LANAVIFLCGNLTGAFHKHQMQDASRDLFTYTVKCIQIRRKLRIEKRQQENLLLSVLPAH
ISMGMKLAIIERLKEHGDRRCMPDNNFHSLYVKRHQNVSILYADIVGFTQLASDCSPKEL
VVVLNELFGKFDQIAKANECMRIKILGDCYYCVSGLPVSLPTHARNCVKMGLDMCQAIKQ
VREATGVDINMRVGIHSGNVLCGVIGLRKWQYDVWSHDVSLANRMEAAGVPGRVHITEAT
LKHLDKAYEVEDGHGQQRDPYLKEMNIRTYLVIDPRSQQPPPPSQHLPRPKGDAALKMRA
SVRMTRYLESWGAARPFAHLNHRESVSSGETHVPNGRRPKSVPQRHRRTPDRSMSPKGRS
EDDSYDDEMLSAIEGLSSTRPCCSKSDDFYTFGSIFLEKGFEREYRLAPIPRARHDFACA
SLIFVCILLVHVLLMPRTAALGVSFGLVACVLGLVLGLCFATKFSRCCPARGTLCTISER
VETQPLLRLTLAVLTIGSLLTVAIINLPLMPFQVPELPVGNETGLLAASSKTRALCEPLP
YYTCSCVLGFIACSVFLRMSLEPKVVLLTVALVAYLVLFNLSPCWQWDCCGQGLGNLTKP
NGTTSGTPSCSWKDLKTMTNFYLVLFYITLLTLSRQIDYYCRLDCLWKKKFKKEHEEFET
MENVNRLLLENVLPAHVAAHFIGDKLNEDWYHQSYDCVCVMFASVPDFKVFYTECDVNKE
GLECLRLLNEIIADFDELLLKPKFSGVEKIKTIGSTYMAAAGLSVASGHENQELERQHAH
IGVMVEFSIALMSKLDGINRHSFNSFRLRVGINHGPVIAGVIGARKPQYDIWGNTVNVAS
RMESTGELGKIQVTEETCTILQGLGYSCECRGLINVKGKGELRTYFVCTDTAKFQGLGLN

Enzyme 70 Number of Residues

1080

Enzyme 70 Molecular Weight

120307.2

Enzyme 70 Theoretical pI

8.16

Enzyme 70 GO Classification

Function
adenylate cyclase activity catalytic activity cyclase activity lyase activity phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity
Process
cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process intracellular signaling pathway metabolic process nitrogen compound metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process nucleoside phosphate metabolic process nucleotide metabolic process signaling signaling pathway
Component
cell part integral to membrane intrinsic to membrane membrane part

Enzyme 70 General Function

Involved in phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity

Enzyme 70 Specific Function

This is a membrane-bound, calcium-inhibitable adenylyl cyclase

Enzyme 70 Pathways

Purine Metabolism (map00230 )

Enzyme 70 Reactions

ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate [RN:R00089]

Enzyme 70 Pfam Domain Function

DUF1053 (PF06327 )
Guanylate_cyc (PF00211 )

Enzyme 70 Signals

None

Enzyme 70 Transmembrane Regions

34-54 63-83 95-117 122-142 147-167 176-196 595-615 620-640 669-688 718-737 746-773 794-814

Enzyme 70 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 70 GenBank ID Protein

116496681

Enzyme 70 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P51828

Enzyme 70 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

ADCY7_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 70 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 70 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 70 Gene Sequence

>3243 bp

ATGCCAGCCAAGGGGCGCTACTTCCTCAACGAGGGCGAGGAGGGCCCTGACCAAGATGCG
CTCTACGAGAAGTACCAGCTCACCAGCCAGCATGGGCCGCTGCTGCTCACGCTCCTGCTG
GTGGCCGCCACTGCCTGCGTGGCCCTCATCATCATTGCCTTCAGCCAGGGGGACCCCTCC
AGACACCAGGCCATTCTGGGCATGGCGTTCCTGGTGCTGGCGGTGTTTGCGGCCCTCTCT
GTGCTGATGTACGTCGAGTGTCTCCTGCGGCGCTGGCTCAGGGCCTTGGCGCTGCTCACC
TGGGCCTGCTTGGTGGCGCTGGGCTATGTGCTGGTGTTCGACGCATGGACAAAGGCGGCC
TGTGCGTGGGAGCAGGTGCCCTTCTTCCTGTTCATTGTCTTCGTGGTGTACACACTACTG
CCCTTCAGCATGCGGGGCGCTGTCGCCGTTGGGGCCGTCTCCACTGCCTCCCACCTCCTG
GTGCTCGGTTCTTTGATGGGAGGCTTCACGACACCCAGTGTCCGGGTGGGGCTGCAGCTG
CTGGCCAACGCAGTCATCTTCCTGTGTGGGAACCTGACAGGCGCCTTCCACAAGCACCAA
ATGCAGGATGCGTCCCGGGACCTCTTCACCTACACTGTGAAGTGCATCCAGATCCGCCGG
AAGCTGCGCATCGAGAAGCGCCAGCAGGAGAACCTGCTGCTGTCAGTGCTTCCGGCCCAC
ATCTCCATGGGCATGAAGCTGGCCATCATCGAACGGCTCAAGGAGCATGGTGACCGTCGC
TGCATGCCTGACAACAACTTCCACAGCCTCTACGTCAAGAGGCACCAGAATGTCAGCATC
CTCTATGCGGACATCGTGGGCTTCACGCAGCTGGCCAGCGACTGTTCTCCCAAGGAGCTG
GTGGTGGTGCTGAATGAGCTCTTTGGCAAGTTCGACCAGATCGCCAAGGCCAACGAGTGC
ATGCGAATCAAGATCCTCGGCGACTGCTACTACTGTGTATCGGGCCTGCCCGTGTCGCTG
CCTACCCACGCCCGGAACTGCGTGAAGATGGGGCTGGACATGTGCCAGGCCATCAAGCAG
GTGCGGGAGGCCACGGGCGTGGACATCAACATGCGTGTGGGCATACACTCGGGGAATGTG
CTGTGCGGGGTCATCGGGCTGCGCAAGTGGCAGTATGACGTGTGGTCCCACGACGTGTCC
CTGGCCAACCGGATGGAGGCAGCCGGAGTACCCGGCCGGGTGCACATCACGGAGGCCACG
CTAAAGCACCTGGACAAGGCGTACGAGGTGGAGGATGGGCACGGGCAGCAGCGGGACCCC
TACCTCAAGGAGATGAACATCCGCACCTACCTGGTCATCGACCCCCGGAGCCAGCAGCCA
CCCCCGCCCAGCCAACACCTCCCCAGGCCCAAGGGGGACGCGGCCCTGAAGATGCGGGCG
TCAGTGCGCATGACCCGGTACCTCGAGTCCTGGGGGGCGGCACGGCCCTTTGCACATCTC
AACCACCGTGAGAGCGTGAGCAGTGGTGAGACCCACGTCCCCAACGGGCGGAGGCCTAAG
AGCGTTCCCCAGCGCCACCGCCGGACCCCAGACAGAAGCATGTCCCCCAAGGGGCGGTCG
GAGGATGACTCGTACGATGACGAGATGCTGTCAGCCATTGAGGGGCTCAGCTCCACGAGG
CCCTGCTGCTCCAAGTCCGATGACTTCTACACCTTTGGGTCCATCTTCCTGGAGAAGGGC
TTTGAGCGCGAGTACCGCCTGGCACCCATCCCCCGGGCCCGCCACGACTTTGCCTGCGCC
AGCCTGATCTTCGTCTGCATCCTGCTCGTCCATGTCCTGCTCATGCCCAGGACGGCGGCA
CTGGGTGTGTCCTTCGGGCTGGTGGCCTGTGTACTGGGGCTGGTGCTGGGCCTGTGCTTT
GCCACCAAGTTCTCGAGGTGCTGCCCAGCTCGGGGGACGCTCTGCACTATCTCTGAGAGG
GTGGAGACACAGCCCCTGCTGAGGCTGACCCTGGCCGTCCTGACCATCGGCAGCCTGCTC
ACTGTGGCCATCATCAACCTGCCCCTGATGCCTTTCCAAGTTCCAGAGCTGCCTGTTGGC
AATGAGACAGGCCTACTGGCCGCGAGCAGCAAGACAAGAGCCCTGTGTGAGCCCCTCCCG
TACTACACCTGCAGCTGTGTCCTGGGCTTCATCGCCTGCTCGGTCTTCCTGAGGATGAGC
CTGGAGCCAAAGGTTGTGCTGCTGACAGTGGCCCTGGTGGCCTACCTGGTGCTCTTCAAC
CTCTCCCCATGCTGGCAGTGGGACTGCTGCGGCCAAGGCCTGGGCAACCTCACCAAGCCC
AACGGCACCACCAGTGGCACCCCTAGCTGTTCCTGGAAGGACCTGAAGACCATGACCAAT
TTCTACCTGGTCCTGTTCTACATCACCCTGCTTACACTCTCCAGACAGATTGACTATTAC
TGCCGCTTGGACTGCCTATGGAAGAAGAAGTTCAAGAAGGAGCACGAGGAGTTTGAGACC
ATGGAGAACGTGAACCGCCTTCTTCTGGAGAACGTCCTGCCAGCCCACGTGGCTGCCCAC
TTTATCGGTGACAAGTTAAACGAGGACTGGTACCATCAGTCCTATGACTGCGTCTGTGTC
ATGTTTGCCTCCGTGCCGGACTTCAAAGTGTTCTACACAGAGTGCGATGTCAACAAAGAA
GGGCTGGAGTGCCTACGCCTGCTCAATGAGATCATTGCCGACTTCGACGAGCTCCTACTG
AAGCCCAAGTTCAGCGGCGTGGAGAAGATCAAGACCATCGGCAGCACGTACATGGCAGCT
GCAGGGCTCAGCGTCGCCTCAGGGCACGAGAACCAGGAGCTGGAGCGGCAGCATGCCCAC
ATTGGTGTCATGGTGGAGTTCAGCATCGCCCTGATGAGTAAGCTGGACGGCATCAACAGG
CACTCCTTCAACTCCTTCCGCCTCCGCGTCGGCATAAACCATGGGCCTGTGATTGCTGGA
GTGATTGGGGCCCGAAAACCTCAGTATGACATCTGGGGAAACACTGTCAATGTGGCCAGC
CGAATGGAAAGCACTGGAGAACTTGGGAAAATCCAGGTTACCGAGGAGACCTGCACCATC
CTCCAGGGCCTCGGGTACTCTTGTGAATGCCGTGGCCTGATCAACGTCAAAGGCAAAGGC
GAGCTGAGGACTTACTTTGTCTGTACGGACACTGCCAAGTTTCAGGGGCTGGGGCTGAAC
TGA

Enzyme 70 GenBank Gene ID

BC126271

Enzyme 70 GeneCard ID

ADCY7

Enzyme 70 GenAtlas ID

ADCY7

Enzyme 70 HGNC ID

HGNC:238

Enzyme 70 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 70 Locus

16q12.1

Enzyme 70 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 70 General References

Nomura N, Miyajima N, Sazuka T, Tanaka A, Kawarabayasi Y, Sato S, Nagase T, Seki N, Ishikawa K, Tabata S: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. I. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0001-KIAA0040) deduced by analysis of randomly sampled cDNA clones from human immature myeloid cell line KG-1. DNA Res. 1994;1(1):27-35. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 70 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 71 [top]

Enzyme 71 ID

5978

Enzyme 71 Name

Adenylate cyclase type 4

Enzyme 71 Synonyms

ATP pyrophosphate-lyase 4
Adenylate cyclase type IV
Adenylyl cyclase 4

Enzyme 71 Gene Name

ADCY4

Enzyme 71 Protein Sequence

>Adenylate cyclase type 4

MARLFSPRPPPSEDLFYETYYSLSQQYPLLLLLLGIVLCALAALLAVAWASGRELTSDPS
FLTTVLCALGGFSLLLGLASREQRLQRWTRPLSGLVWVALLALGHAFLFTGGVVSAWDQV
SYFLFVIFTAYAMLPLGMRDAAVAGLASSLSHLLVLGLYLGPQPDSRPALLPQLAANAVL
FLCGNVAGVYHKALMERALRATFREALSSLHSRRRLDTEKKHQEHLLLSILPAYLAREMK
AEIMARLQAGQGSRPESTNNFHSLYVKRHQGVSVLYADIVGFTRLASECSPKELVLMLNE
LFGKFDQIAKEHECMRIKILGDCYYCVSGLPLSLPDHAINCVRMGLDMCRAIRKLRAATG
VDINMRVGVHSGSVLCGVIGLQKWQYDVWSHDVTLANHMEAGGVPGRVHITGATLALLAG
AYAVEDAGMEHRDPYLRELGEPTYLVIDPRAEEEDEKGTAGGLLSSLEGLKMRPSLLMTR
YLESWGAAKPFAHLSHGDSPVSTSTPLPEKTLASFSTQWSLDRSRTPRGLDDELDTGDAK
FFQVIEQLNSQKQWKQSKDFNPLTLYFREKEMEKEYRLSAIPAFKYYEACTFLVFLSNFI
IQMLVTNRPPALAITYSITFLLFLLILFVCFSEDLMRCVLKGPKMLHWLPALSGLVATRP
GLRIALGTATILLVFAMAITSLFFFPTSSDCPFQAPNVSSMISNLSWELPGSLPLISVPY
SMHCCTLGFLSCSLFLHMSFELKLLLLLLWLAASCSLFLHSHAWLSECLIVRLYLGPLDS
RPGVLKEPKLMGAISFFIFFFTLLVLARQNEYYCRLDFLWKKKLRQEREETETMENLTRL
LLENVLPAHVAPQFIGQNRRNEDLYHQSYECVCVLFASVPDFKEFYSESNINHEGLECLR
LLNEIIADFDELLSKPKFSGVEKIKTIGSTYMAATGLNATSGQDAQQDAERSCSHLGTMV
EFAVALGSKLDVINKHSFNNFRLRVGLNHGPVVAGVIGAQKPQYDIWGNTVNVASRMEST
GVLGKIQVTEETAWALQSLGYTCYSRGVIKVKGKGQLCTYFLNTDLTRTGPPSATLG

Enzyme 71 Number of Residues

1077

Enzyme 71 Molecular Weight

119792.9

Enzyme 71 Theoretical pI

7.50

Enzyme 71 GO Classification

Function
adenylate cyclase activity catalytic activity cyclase activity lyase activity phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity
Process
cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process intracellular signaling pathway metabolic process nitrogen compound metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process nucleoside phosphate metabolic process nucleotide metabolic process signaling signaling pathway
Component
cell part integral to membrane intrinsic to membrane membrane part

Enzyme 71 General Function

Involved in phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity

Enzyme 71 Specific Function

This is a membrane-bound, calmodulin-insensitive adenylyl cyclase

Enzyme 71 Pathways

Purine Metabolism (map00230 )

Enzyme 71 Reactions

ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate [RN:R00089]

Enzyme 71 Pfam Domain Function

DUF1053 (PF06327 )
Guanylate_cyc (PF00211 )

Enzyme 71 Signals

None

Enzyme 71 Transmembrane Regions

29-50 61-80 94-117 120-138 141-162 170-190 586-607 611-633 664-687 715-736 744-764 791-807

Enzyme 71 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 71 GenBank ID Protein

22212709

Enzyme 71 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q8NFM4

Enzyme 71 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

ADCY4_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 71 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 71 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 71 Gene Sequence

>3234 bp

ATGGCCCGCCTCTTCAGCCCCCGGCCGCCCCCCAGCGAAGACCTCTTCTACGAGACCTAC
TACAGCCTGAGCCAGCAGTACCCGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGGGGATCGTGCTCTGTGCG
CTCGCGGCGCTGCTCGCAGTGGCCTGGGCCAGCGGCAGGGAGCTGACCTCAGACCCGAGC
TTCCTGACCACTGTGCTGTGCGCGCTGGGCGGCTTCTCGCTGCTGCTGGGCCTCGCTTCC
CGGGAGCAGCGACTGCAGCGCTGGACGCGTCCCCTGTCCGGCTTGGTATGGGTCGCGCTG
CTAGCGCTAGGCCACGCCTTCCTGTTCACCGGGGGCGTGGTGAGCGCCTGGGACCAGGTG
TCCTATTTTCTCTTCGTCATCTTCACGGCGTATGCCATGCTGCCCTTGGGCATGCGGGAC
GCCGCCGTCGCGGGCCTCGCCTCCTCACTCTCGCATCTGCTGGTCCTCGGGCTGTATCTT
GGGCCACAGCCGGACTCACGGCCTGCACTGCTGCCGCAGTTGGCAGCAAACGCAGTGCTG
TTCCTGTGCGGGAACGTGGCAGGAGTGTACCACAAGGCGCTGATGGAGCGCGCCCTGCGG
GCCACGTTCCGGGAGGCACTCAGCTCCCTGCACTCACGCCGGCGGCTGGACACCGAGAAG
AAGCACCAGGAACACCTTCTCTTGTCCATCCTTCCTGCCTACCTGGCCCGAGAGATGAAG
GCAGAGATCATGGCACGGCTGCAGGCAGGACAGGGGTCACGGCCAGAGAGCACTAACAAT
TTCCACAGCCTCTATGTCAAGAGGCACCAGGGAGTCAGCGTGCTGTATGCTGACATCGTG
GGCTTCACGCGGCTGGCCAGCGAGTGTTCCCCTAAGGAGCTGGTGCTCATGCTCAATGAG
CTCTTTGGCAAGTTCGACCAGATTGCCAAGGAGCATGAATGCATGCGGATCAAGATCCTG
GGGGACTGTTACTACTGTGTCTCTGGGCTGCCACTCTCACTGCCAGACCATGCCATCAAC
TGCGTGCGCATGGGCCTGGACATGTGCCGGGCCATCAGGAAACTGCGGGCAGCCACTGGC
GTGGACATCAACATGCGTGTGGGCGTGCACTCAGGCAGCGTACTGTGTGGAGTCATCGGG
CTGCAGAAGTGGCAGTACGACGTTTGGTCACATGATGTCACACTGGCTAACCACATGGAG
GCAGGCGGTGTACCAGGGCGAGTGCACATCACAGGGGCTACCCTGGCCCTGCTGGCAGGG
GCTTATGCTGTGGAGGACGCAGGCATGGAGCATCGGGACCCCTACCTTCGGGAGCTAGGG
GAGCCTACCTATCTGGTCATCGATCCACGGGCAGAGGAGGAGGATGAGAAGGGCACTGCA
GGAGGCTTGCTGTCCTCGCTTGAGGGCCTCAAGATGCGTCCATCACTGCTGATGACCCGT
TACCTGGAGTCCTGGGGCGCAGCCAAGCCTTTTGCCCACCTGAGCCACGGAGACAGCCCT
GTGTCCACCTCCACCCCTCTCCCGGAGAAGACCCTGGCTTCCTTCAGCACCCAGTGGAGC
CTGGATCGGAGCCGTACCCCCCGGGGACTAGATGATGAACTGGACACCGGGGATGCCAAG
TTCTTCCAGGTCATTGAGCAGCTCAACTCGCAGAAACAGTGGAAGCAGTCGAAGGACTTC
AACCCACTGACACTGTACTTCAGAGAGAAGGAGATGGAGAAAGAGTACCGACTCTCTGCA
ATCCCCGCCTTCAAATACTATGAAGCCTGCACCTTCCTGGTTTTTCTCTCCAACTTCATC
ATCCAGATGCTAGTGACAAACAGGCCCCCAGCTCTGGCCATCACGTATAGCATCACCTTC
CTCCTCTTCCTCCTCATCCTTTTTGTCTGCTTCTCAGAGGACCTGATGAGGTGTGTCCTG
AAAGGCCCCAAGATGCTGCACTGGCTGCCTGCACTGTCTGGCCTGGTGGCCACACGACCA
GGACTGAGAATAGCCTTGGGCACCGCCACCATCCTCCTTGTCTTTGCCATGGCCATTACC
AGCCTGTTCTTCTTCCCAACATCATCAGACTGCCCTTTCCAAGCTCCCAATGTGTCCTCC
ATGATTTCCAACCTCTCCTGGGAGCTCCCTGGGTCTCTGCCTCTCATCAGTGTCCCATAC
TCCATGCACTGCTGCACGCTGGGCTTCCTCTCCTGCTCCCTCTTTCTGCACATGAGCTTC
GAGCTGAAGCTGCTGCTGCTCCTGCTGTGGCTGGCGGCATCCTGCTCCCTCTTCCTGCAC
TCCCATGCCTGGCTGTCGGAATGCCTCATCGTCCGCCTCTATCTGGGCCCCTTGGACTCC
AGGCCCGGAGTGCTGAAGGAGCCCAAACTGATGGGTGCTATCTCCTTCTTCATCTTCTTC
TTCACCCTCCTTGTCCTGGCTCGCCAGAATGAGTACTACTGCCGCCTGGACTTCCTGTGG
AAGAAGAAGCTGAGGCAGGAGAGGGAGGAGACAGAGACGATGGAGAACCTGACTCGGCTG
CTCTTGGAGAACGTGCTCCCTGCACACGTGGCCCCCCAGTTCATTGGCCAGAACCGGCGC
AACGAGGATCTCTACCACCAGTCCTATGAATGCGTTTGTGTCCTCTTCGCCTCAGTCCCA
GACTTCAAGGAGTTCTACTCTGAATCCAACATCAATCATGAGGGCCTAGAGTGTCTGAGG
CTGCTCAATGAGATAATTGCTGATTTTGATGAGCTGCTCTCCAAGCCCAAGTTCAGTGGG
GTGGAGAAGATCAAGACCATCGGCAGCACCTACATGGCAGCCACAGGCTTAAATGCCACC
TCTGGACAGGATGCACAACAGGATGCTGAACGGAGCTGCAGCCACCTTGGCACTATGGTG
GAATTTGCCGTGGCCCTGGGGTCTAAGCTGGACGTCATCAACAAGCATTCATTCAACAAC
TTCCGCCTGCGAGTGGGGTTGAACCATGGACCCGTAGTAGCTGGAGTTATTGGGGCCCAG
AAGCCGCAATATGACATTTGGGGCAACACAGTGAACGTGGCCAGCCGCATGGAGAGTACA
GGAGTCCTTGGCAAAATCCAAGTGACTGAGGAGACAGCATGGGCCCTACAGTCCCTGGGC
TACACCTGCTACAGCCGGGGTGTCATCAAGGTGAAAGGCAAAGGGCAGCTCTGCACCTAC
TTCCTGAACACAGACTTGACACGAACTGGACCTCCTTCAGCTACCCTAGGCTGA

Enzyme 71 GenBank Gene ID

AF497516

Enzyme 71 GeneCard ID

ADCY4

Enzyme 71 GenAtlas ID

ADCY4

Enzyme 71 HGNC ID

HGNC:235

Enzyme 71 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 71 Locus

14q12

Enzyme 71 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 71 General References

Ludwig MG, Seuwen K: Characterization of the human adenylyl cyclase gene family: cDNA, gene structure, and tissue distribution of the nine isoforms. J Recept Signal Transduct Res. 2002 Feb-Nov;22(1-4):79-110. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 71 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 72 [top]

Enzyme 72 ID

5979

Enzyme 72 Name

Adenylate cyclase type 6

Enzyme 72 Synonyms

ATP pyrophosphate-lyase 6
Adenylate cyclase type VI
Adenylyl cyclase 6
Ca(2+)-inhibitable adenylyl cyclase

Enzyme 72 Gene Name

ADCY6

Enzyme 72 Protein Sequence

>Adenylate cyclase type 6

MSWFSGLLVPKVDERKTAWGERNGQKRSRRRGTRAGGFCTPRYMSCLRDAEPPSPTPAGP
PRCPWQDDAFIRRGGPGKGKELGLRAVALGFEDTEVTTTAGGTAEVAPDAVPRSGRSCWR
RLVQVFQSKQFRSAKLERLYQRYFFQMNQSSLTLLMAVLVLLTAVLLAFHAAPARPQPAY
VALLACAAALFVGLMVVCNRHSFRQDSMWVVSYVVLGILAAVQVGGALAADPRSPSAGLW
CPVFFVYIAYTLLPIRMRAAVLSGLGLSTLHLILAWQLNRGDAFLWKQLGANVLLFLCTN
VIGICTHYPAEVSQRQAFQETRGYIQARLHLQHENRQQERLLLSVLPQHVAMEMKEDINT
KKEDMMFHKIYIQKHDNVSILFADIEGFTSLASQCTAQELVMTLNELFARFDKLAAENHC
LRIKILGDCYYCVSGLPEARADHAHCCVEMGVDMIEAISLVREVTGVNVNMRVGIHSGRV
HCGVLGLRKWQFDVWSNDVTLANHMEAGGRAGRIHITRATLQYLNGDYEVEPGRGGERNA
YLKEQHIETFLILGASQKRKEEKAMLAKLQRTRANSMEGLMPRWVPDRAFSRTKDSKAFR
QMGIDDSSKDNRGTQDALNPEDEVDEFLSRAIDARSIDQLRKDHVRRFLLTFQREDLEKK
YSRKVDPRFGAYVACALLVFCFICFIQLLIFPHSTLMLGIYASIFLLLLITVLICAVYSC
GSLFPKALQRLSRSIVRSRAHSTAVGIFSVLLVFTSAIANMFTCNHTPIRSCAARMLNLT
PADITACHLQQLNYSLGLDAPLCEGTMPTCSFPEYFIGNMLLSLLASSVFLHISSIGKLA
MIFVLGLIYLVLLLLGPPATIFDNYDLLLGVHGLASSNETFDGLDCPAAGRVALKYMTPV
ILLVFALALYLHAQQVESTARLDFLWKLQATGEKEEMEELQAYNRRLLHNILPKDVAAHF
LARERRNDELYYQSCECVAVMFASIANFSEFYVELEANNEGVECLRLLNEIIADFDEIIS
EERFRQLEKIKTIGSTYMAASGLNASTYDQVGRSHITALADYAMRLMEQMKHINEHSFNN
FQMKIGLNMGPVVAGVIGARKPQYDIWGNTVNVSSRMDSTGVPDRIQVTTDLYQVLAAKG
YQLECRGVVKVKGKGEMTTYFLNGGPSS

Enzyme 72 Number of Residues

1168

Enzyme 72 Molecular Weight

130614.1

Enzyme 72 Theoretical pI

8.27

Enzyme 72 GO Classification

Function
adenylate cyclase activity catalytic activity cyclase activity lyase activity phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity
Process
cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process intracellular signaling pathway metabolic process nitrogen compound metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process nucleoside phosphate metabolic process nucleotide metabolic process signaling signaling pathway
Component
cell part integral to membrane intrinsic to membrane membrane part

Enzyme 72 General Function

Involved in phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity

Enzyme 72 Specific Function

Membrane-bound, calcium-inhibitable adenylyl cyclase

Enzyme 72 Pathways

Purine Metabolism (map00230 )

Enzyme 72 Reactions

ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate [RN:R00089]

Enzyme 72 Pfam Domain Function

DUF1053 (PF06327 )
Guanylate_cyc (PF00211 )

Enzyme 72 Signals

None

Enzyme 72 Transmembrane Regions

152-168 181-197 214-230 239-255 259-275 289-305 674-691 702-718 743-759 820-836 839-855 897-913

Enzyme 72 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 72 GenBank ID Protein

Not Available

Enzyme 72 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

O43306

Enzyme 72 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

ADCY6_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 72 PDB ID

1U0H

Enzyme 72 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 72 3D Structure

Enzyme 72 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 72 Gene Sequence

>3507 bp

ATGTCATGGTTTAGTGGCCTCCTGGTCCCTAAAGTGGATGAACGGAAAACAGCCTGGGGC
GAACGCAATGGGCAGAAGCGTTCGCGGCGCCGTGGCACTCGGGCAGGTGGCTTCTGCACG
CCCCGCTATATGAGCTGCCTCCGGGATGCAGAGCCACCCAGCCCCACCCCTGCCGGCCCC
CCTCGGTGCCCCTGGCAGGATGACGCCTTCATCCGGAGGGGCGGCCCAGGCAAGGGCAAG
GAGCTGGGGCTGCGGGCAGTGGCCCTGGGCTTCGAGGATACCGAGGTGACAACGACAGCG
GGCGGGACGGCTGAGGTGGCGCCCGACGCGGTGCCCAGGAGTGGGCGATCCTGCTGGCGC
CGTCTGGTGCAGGTGTTCCAGTCGAAGCAGTTCCGTTCGGCCAAGCTGGAGCGCCTGTAC
CAGCGGTACTTCTTCCAGATGAACCAGAGCAGCCTGACGCTGCTGATGGCGGTGCTGGTG
CTGCTCACAGCGGTGCTGCTGGCTTTCCACGCCGCACCCGCCCGCCCTCAGCCTGCCTAT
GTGGCACTGTTGGCCTGTGCCGCCGCCCTGTTCGTGGGGCTCATGGTGGTGTGTAACCGG
CATAGCTTCCGCCAGGACTCCATGTGGGTGGTGAGCTACGTGGTGCTGGGCATCCTGGCG
GCAGTGCAGGTCGGGGGCGCTCTCGCAGCAGACCCGCGCAGCCCCTCTGCGGGCCTCTGG
TGCCCTGTGTTCTTTGTCTACATCGCCTACACGCTCCTCCCCATCCGCATGCGGGCTGCC
GTCCTCAGCGGCCTGGGCCTCTCCACCTTGCATTTGATCTTGGCCTGGCAACTTAACCGT
GGTGATGCCTTCCTCTGGAAGCAGCTCGGTGCCAATGTGCTGCTGTTCCTCTGCACCAAC
GTCATTGGCATCTGCACACACTATCCAGCAGAGGTGTCTCAGCGCCAGGCCTTTCAGGAG
ACCCGCGGTTACATCCAGGCCCGGCTCCACCTGCAGCATGAGAATCGGCAGCAGGAGCGG
CTGCTGCTGTCGGTATTGCCCCAGCACGTTGCCATGGAGATGAAAGAAGACATCAACACA
AAAAAAGAAGACATGATGTTCCACAAGATCTACATACAGAAGCATGACAATGTCAGCATC
CTGTTTGCAGACATTGAGGGCTTCACCAGCCTGGCATCCCAGTGCACTGCGCAGGAGCTG
GTCATGACCCTGAATGAGCTCTTTGCCCGGTTTGACAAGCTGGCTGCGGAGAATCACTGC
CTGAGGATCAAGATCTTGGGGGACTGTTACTACTGTGTGTCAGGGCTGCCGGAGGCCCGG
GCCGACCATGCCCACTGCTGTGTGGAGATGGGGGTAGACATGATTGAGGCCATCTCGCTG
GTACGTGAGGTGACAGGTGTGAATGTGAACATGCGCGTGGGCATCCACAGCGGGCGCGTG
CACTGCGGCGTCCTTGGCTTGCGGAAATGGCAGTTCGATGTGTGGTCCAATGATGTGACC
CTGGCCAACCACATGGAGGCAGGAGGCCGGGCTGGCCGCATCCACATCACTCGGGCAACA
CTGCAGTACCTGAACGGGGACTACGAGGTGGAGCCAGGCCGTGGTGGCGAGCGCAACGCG
TACCTCAAGGAGCAGCACATTGAGACTTTCCTCATCCTGGGCGCCAGCCAGAAACGGAAA
GAGGAGAAGGCCATGCTGGCCAAGCTGCAGCGGACTCGGGCCAACTCCATGGAAGGGCTG
ATGCCGCGCTGGGTTCCTGATCGTGCCTTCTCCCGGACCAAGGACTCCAAGGCCTTCCGC
CAGATGGGCATTGATGATTCCAGCAAAGACAACCGGGGCACCCAAGATGCCCTGAACCCT
GAGGATGAGGTGGATGAGTTCCTGAGCCGTGCCATCGATGCCCGCAGCATTGATCAGCTG
CGGAAGGACCATGTGCGCCGGTTTCTGCTCACCTTCCAGAGAGAGGATCTTGAGAAGAAG
TACTCCCGGAAGGTGGATCCCCGCTTCGGAGCCTACGTTGCCTGTGCCCTGTTGGTCTTC
TGCTTCATCTGCTTCATCCAGCTTCTCATCTTCCCACACTCCACCCTGATGCTTGGGATC
TATGCCAGCATCTTCCTGCTGCTGCTAATCACCGTGCTGATCTGTGCTGTGTACTCCTGT
GGTTCTCTGTTCCCTAAGGCCCTGCAACGTCTGTCCCGCAGCATTGTCCGCTCACGGGCA
CATAGCACCGCAGTTGGCATCTTTTCCGTCCTGCTTGTGTTTACTTCTGCCATTGCCAAC
ATGTTCACCTGTAACCACACCCCCATACGGAGCTGTGCAGCCCGGATGCTGAATTTAACA
CCTGCTGACATCACTGCCTGCCACCTGCAGCAGCTCAATTACTCTCTGGGCCTGGATGCT
CCCCTGTGTGAGGGCACCATGCCCACCTGCAGCTTTCCTGAGTACTTCATCGGGAACATG
CTGCTGAGTCTCTTGGCCAGCTCTGTCTTCCTGCACATCAGCAGCATCGGGAAGTTGGCC
ATGATCTTTGTCTTGGGGCTCATCTATTTGGTGCTGCTTCTGCTGGGTCCCCCAGCCACC
ATCTTTGACAACTATGACCTACTGCTTGGCGTCCATGGCTTGGCTTCTTCCAATGAGACC
TTTGATGGGCTGGACTGTCCAGCTGCAGGGAGGGTGGCCCTCAAATATATGACCCCTGTG
ATTCTGCTGGTGTTTGCGCTGGCGCTGTATCTGCATGCTCAGCAGGTGGAGTCGACTGCC
CGCCTAGACTTCCTCTGGAAACTACAGGCAACAGGGGAGAAGGAGGAGATGGAGGAGCTA
CAGGCATACAACCGGAGGCTGCTGCATAACATTCTGCCCAAGGACGTGGCGGCCCACTTC
CTGGCCCGGGAGCGCCGCAATGATGAACTCTACTATCAGTCGTGTGAGTGTGTGGCTGTT
ATGTTTGCCTCCATTGCCAACTTCTCTGAGTTCTATGTGGAGCTGGAGGCAAACAATGAG
GGTGTCGAGTGCCTGCGGCTGCTCAACGAGATCATCGCTGACTTTGATGAGATTATCAGC
GAGGAGCGGTTCCGGCAGCTGGAAAAGATCAAGACGATTGGTAGCACCTACATGGCTGCC
TCAGGGCTGAACGCCAGCACCTACGATCAGGTGGGCCGCTCCCACATCACTGCCCTGGCT
GACTACGCCATGCGGCTCATGGAGCAGATGAAGCACATCAATGAGCACTCCTTCAACAAT
TTCCAGATGAAGATTGGGCTGAACATGGGCCCAGTCGTGGCAGGTGTCATCGGGGCTCGG
AAGCCACAGTATGACATCTGGGGGAACACAGTGAATGTCTCTAGTCGTATGGACAGCACG
GGGGTCCCCGACCGAATCCAGGTGACCACGGACCTGTACCAGGTTCTAGCTGCCAAGGGC
TACCAGCTGGAGTGTCGAGGGGTGGTCAAGGTGAAGGGCAAGGGGGAGATGACCACCTAC
TTCCTCAATGGGGGCCCCAGCAGTTAA

Enzyme 72 GenBank Gene ID

AF250226

Enzyme 72 GeneCard ID

ADCY6

Enzyme 72 GenAtlas ID

ADCY6

Enzyme 72 HGNC ID

HGNC:237

Enzyme 72 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 72 Locus

12q12-q13

Enzyme 72 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 72 General References

Wicker R, Catalan AG, Cailleux A, Starenki D, Stengel D, Sarasin A, Suarez HG: Cloning and expression of human adenylyl cyclase type VI in normal thyroid tissues. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Sep 7;1493(1-2):279-83. [PubMed ]
Ishikawa K, Nagase T, Nakajima D, Seki N, Ohira M, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. VIII. 78 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro. DNA Res. 1997 Oct 31;4(5):307-13. [PubMed ]
Nakajima D, Okazaki N, Yamakawa H, Kikuno R, Ohara O, Nagase T: Construction of expression-ready cDNA clones for KIAA genes: manual curation of 330 KIAA cDNA clones. DNA Res. 2002 Jun 30;9(3):99-106. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Hellevuo K, Yoshimura M, Kao M, Hoffman PL, Cooper DM, Tabakoff B: A novel adenylyl cyclase sequence cloned from the human erythroleukemia cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Apr 15;192(1):311-8. [PubMed ]
Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, Elias JE, Villen J, Li J, Cohn MA, Cantley LC, Gygi SP: Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Aug 17;101(33):12130-5. Epub 2004 Aug 9. [PubMed ]
Zahedi RP, Lewandrowski U, Wiesner J, Wortelkamp S, Moebius J, Schutz C, Walter U, Gambaryan S, Sickmann A: Phosphoproteome of resting human platelets. J Proteome Res. 2008 Feb;7(2):526-34. Epub 2007 Dec 19. [PubMed ]
Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 72 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 73 [top]

Enzyme 73 ID

5980

Enzyme 73 Name

Adenylate cyclase type 5

Enzyme 73 Synonyms

ATP pyrophosphate-lyase 5
Adenylate cyclase type V
Adenylyl cyclase 5

Enzyme 73 Gene Name

ADCY5

Enzyme 73 Protein Sequence

>Adenylate cyclase type 5

MSGSKSVSPPGYAAQKTAAPAPRGGPEHRSAWGEADSRANGYPHAPGGSARGSTKKPGGA
VTPQQQQRLASRWRSDDDDDPPLSGDDPLAGGFGFSFRSKSAWQERGGDDCGRGSRRQRR
GAASGGSTRAPPAGGGGGSAAAAASAGGTEVRPRSVEVGLEERRGKGRAADELEAGAVEG
GEGSGDGGSSADSGSGAGPGAVLSLGACCLALLQIFRSKKFPSDKLERLYQRYFFRLNQS
SLTMLMAVLVLVCLVMLAFHAARPPLQLPYLAVLAAAVGVILIMAVLCNRAAFHQDHMGL
ACYALIAVVLAVQVVGLLLPQPRSASEGIWWTVFFIYTIYTLLPVRMRAAVLSGVLLSAL
HLAIALRTNAQDQFLLKQLVSNVLIFSCTNIVGVCTHYPAEVSQRQAFQETRECIQARLH
SQRENQQQERLLLSVLPRHVAMEMKADINAKQEDMMFHKIYIQKHDNVSILFADIEGFTS
LASQCTAQELVMTLNELFARFDKLAAENHCLRIKILGDCYYCVSGLPEARADHAHCCVEM
GMDMIEAISLVREVTGVNVNMRVGIHSGRVHCGVLGLRKWQFDVWSNDVTLANHMEAGGK
AGRIHITKATLNYLNGDYEVEPGCGGERNAYLKEHSIETFLILRCTQKRKEEKAMIAKMN
RQRTNSIGHNPPHWGAERPFYNHLGGNQVSKEMKRMGFEDPKDKNAQESANPEDEVDEFL
GRAIDARSIDRLRSEHVRKFLLTFREPDLEKKYSKQVDDRFGAYVACASLVFLFICFVQI
TIVPHSIFMLSFYLTCSLLLTLVVFVSVIYSCVKLFPSPLQTLSRKIVRSKMNSTLVGVF
TITLVFLAAFVNMFTCNSRDLLGCLAQEHNISASQVNACHVAESAVNYSLGDEQGFCGSP
WPNCNFPEYFTYSVLLSLLACSVFLQISCIGKLVLMLAIELIYVLIVEVPGVTLFDNADL
LVTANAIDFFNNGTSQCPEHATKVALKVVTPIIISVFVLALYLHAQQVESTARLDFLWKL
QATEEKEEMEELQAYNRRLLHNILPKDVAAHFLARERRNDELYYQSCECVAVMFASIANF
SEFYVELEANNEGVECLRLLNEIIADFDEIISEDRFRQLEKIKTIGSTYMAASGLNDSTY
DKVGKTHIKALADFAMKLMDQMKYINEHSFNNFQMKIGLNIGPVVAGVIGARKPQYDIWG
NTVNVASRMDSTGVPDRIQVTTDMYQVLAANTYQLECRGVVKVKGKGEMMTYFLNGGPPL
S

Enzyme 73 Number of Residues

1261

Enzyme 73 Molecular Weight

138906.4

Enzyme 73 Theoretical pI

7.25

Enzyme 73 GO Classification

Function
adenylate cyclase activity catalytic activity cyclase activity lyase activity phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity
Process
cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process intracellular signaling pathway metabolic process nitrogen compound metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process nucleoside phosphate metabolic process nucleotide metabolic process signaling signaling pathway
Component
cell part integral to membrane intrinsic to membrane membrane part

Enzyme 73 General Function

Involved in phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity

Enzyme 73 Specific Function

This is a membrane-bound, calcium-inhibitable adenylyl cyclase

Enzyme 73 Pathways

Purine Metabolism (map00230 )

Enzyme 73 Reactions

ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate [RN:R00089]

Enzyme 73 Pfam Domain Function

DUF1053 (PF06327 )
Guanylate_cyc (PF00211 )

Enzyme 73 Signals

None

Enzyme 73 Transmembrane Regions

196-216 242-262 268-288 299-319 325-345 374-394 770-790 792-812 836-856 910-930 935-955 984-1004

Enzyme 73 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 73 GenBank ID Protein

34486092

Enzyme 73 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

O95622

Enzyme 73 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

ADCY5_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 73 PDB ID

1U0H

Enzyme 73 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 73 3D Structure

Enzyme 73 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 73 Gene Sequence

>3786 bp

ATGTCCGGCTCCAAAAGCGTGAGCCCCCCGGGCTACGCGGCGCAGAAGACTGCGGCGCCG
GCGCCCCGGGGAGGCCCCGAACACCGCTCTGCGTGGGGCGAGGCCGATTCCCGCGCGAAT
GGCTACCCCCATGCCCCCGGGGGCTCTGCCCGCGGCTCCACCAAGAAACCCGGGGGGGCG
GTGACCCCGCAGCAGCAGCAGCGCCTGGCCAGCCGCTGGCGCAGCGACGACGACGACGAT
CCTCCGCTGAGCGGTGACGACCCCCTGGCCGGGGGCTTCGGCTTCAGCTTCCGCTCCAAG
TCCGCCTGGCAGGAGCGCGGCGGCGACGACTGCGGTCGCGGCAGCCGCCGGCAGCGGCGG
GGCGCGGCCAGCGGGGGCAGCACCCGGGCGCCCCCTGCGGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCTCGGCG
GCGGCGGCTGCCTCGGCGGGCGGGACGGAGGTGCGCCCTCGCTCGGTGGAGGTGGGTCTG
GAGGAGCGGCGGGGCAAGGGGCGCGCGGCCGACGAGCTGGAGGCCGGCGCCGTCGAGGGC
GGCGAGGGGTCCGGGGATGGCGGCAGCTCGGCGGACTCGGGCTCGGGCGCGGGGCCCGGC
GCGGTGCTGTCCCTGGGCGCCTGCTGCCTGGCGTTGCTGCAGATATTCCGCTCCAAGAAG
TTCCCGTCGGACAAACTGGAGCGGCTGTACCAGCGCTACTTCTTCCGCCTGAACCAGAGC
AGCCTCACCATGCTCATGGCCGTGCTGGTGCTCGTGTGCCTGGTCATGTTGGCCTTCCAC
GCGGCGCGGCCCCCGCTCCAGCTGCCCTACCTGGCCGTGCTGGCGGCCGCCGTCGGCGTG
ATCCTCATCATGGCTGTGCTTTGCAACCGCGCCGCCTTCCACCAGGACCACATGGGCCTG
GCCTGCTATGCGCTCATCGCCGTGGTGCTGGCCGTCCAGGTGGTGGGCCTGCTGCTGCCG
CAGCCACGCAGCGCCTCTGAGGGCATCTGGTGGACCGTGTTCTTCATCTACACCATCTAC
ACGCTGCTGCCCGTGCGCATGCGGGCCGCAGTGCTCAGCGGGGTGCTCCTGTCCGCCCTC
CACCTGGCCATCGCCCTGCGCACCAACGCCCAGGACCAGTTCCTGCTGAAGCAGCTTGTC
TCCAATGTTCTCATTTTCTCCTGCACCAACATCGTGGGTGTCTGCACCCACTATCCGGCT
GAGGTCTCCCAGAGACAGGCTTTCCAGGAGACCCGAGAGTGCATCCAGGCGCGGCTCCAC
TCGCAGCGGGAGAACCAGCAGCAGGAACGGCTCCTGCTGTCTGTCCTTCCCCGTCATGTT
GCCATGGAGATGAAAGCAGACATCAACGCCAAGCAGGAGGATATGATGTTCCATAAGATT
TACATCCAGAAACATGACAACGTGAGCATCCTGTTTGCTGACATCGAGGGCTTCACCAGC
CTGGCGTCCCAGTGCACTGCACAGGAACTGGTCATGACCCTCAACGAGCTCTTCGCCCGC
TTTGACAAGCTGGCCGCAGAGAATCACTGTTTACGTATTAAGATCCTTGGGGATTGTTAT
TACTGCGTCTCGGGGCTGCCTGAAGCAAGGGCTGACCACGCCCACTGCTGTGTGGAGATG
GGCATGGACATGATCGAGGCCATCTCGTTGGTCCGGGAGGTGACAGGGGTGAACGTGAAC
ATGCGTGTGGGAATTCACAGCGGGCGAGTACACTGCGGTGTCCTTGGTCTCAGGAAGTGG
CAGTTCGACGTCTGGTCTAACGATGTCACGCTAGCCAACCACATGGAGGCTGGCGGCAAG
GCAGGACGCATCCACATCACCAAGGCTACACTCAACTACCTGAATGGGGACTACGAGGTG
GAGCCAGGCTGTGGGGGCGAGCGCAACGCCTACCTCAAGGAGCACAGTATCGAGACCTTC
CTCATCCTGCGCTGCACCCAGAAGCGGAAAGAAGAGAAGGCCATGATCGCCAAGATGAAC
CGCCAGAGAACCAACTCCATCGGGCACAACCCACCACACTGGGGGGCTGAGCGCCCCTTC
TACAACCACCTGGGTGGCAACCAGGTGTCCAAGGAGATGAAGCGGATGGGCTTTGAAGAC
CCCAAGGACAAGAACGCCCAGGAGAGTGCGAACCCTGAGGATGAAGTGGATGAGTTTCTG
GGCCGTGCCATTGACGCCAGGAGCATTGATAGGCTTCGGTCTGAGCACGTCCGCAAGTTC
CTCCTGACCTTCAGGGAGCCTGACTTAGAGAAGAAGTACTCCAAGCAGGTAGACGACCGA
TTTGGTGCCTATGTGGCGTGTGCCTCGCTCGTCTTCCTCTTCATCTGCTTTGTCCAGATC
ACCATCGTGCCCCACTCCATATTCATGCTCAGCTTCTACCTGACCTGTTCCCTGCTGCTG
ACCTTGGTGGTGTTTGTGTCTGTGATCTACTCCTGCGTAAAGCTCTTCCCCTCCCCACTG
CAGACCCTCTCCAGGAAGATCGTGCGGTCCAAGATGAACAGCACCCTGGTTGGGGTGTTC
ACCATCACCCTGGTGTTCCTGGCGGCTTTTGTCAACATGTTCACGTGCAACTCCAGGGAC
CTGCTGGGCTGCTTGGCACAGGAGCACAACATCAGCGCGAGCCAGGTCAACGCGTGTCAC
GTGGCGGAGTCGGCCGTCAACTACAGCCTGGGCGATGAGCAGGGCTTCTGTGGCAGCCCC
TGGCCCAACTGCAACTTCCCCGAGTACTTCACCTACAGCGTGCTGCTCAGCCTGCTGGCC
TGCTCCGTGTTCCTGCAGATCAGCTGCATCGGGAAGCTGGTGCTCATGCTGGCCATCGAG
CTCATCTACGTGCTCATCGTGGAGGTGCCAGGTGTCACGCTCTTCGACAACGCCGACCTG
CTGGTCACCGCCAACGCCATAGACTTCTTCAACAACGGGACCTCCCAGTGCCCTGAGCAT
GCAACCAAGGTGGCATTGAAGGTGGTGACGCCCATCATCATCTCAGTCTTTGTGCTGGCC
CTGTACCTGCACGCCCAGCAGGTGGAGTCCACTGCCCGCCTCGACTTCCTCTGGAAACTG
CAGGCCACAGAGGAGAAAGAGGAGATGGAGGAGCTGCAGGCCTACAACCGGCGGCTGCTG
CACAACATCCTGCCCAAGGACGTGGCCGCTCACTTCCTGGCCCGCGAGCGGCGCAATGAT
GAGCTCTACTATCAGTCCTGTGAGTGTGTGGCGGTCATGTTCGCCTCCATCGCCAACTTC
TCCGAGTTCTACGTTGAGCTGGAGGCCAACAACGAGGGTGTCGAGTGCCTGCGGCTACTC
AATGAGATCATCGCTGACTTTGATGAGATCATCAGCGAGGATCGGTTCCGGCAGCTGGAG
AAGATCAAGACCATCGGCAGCACCTACATGGCTGCCTCCGGCCTCAACGACTCTACCTAC
GACAAGGTGGGCAAGACCCACATCAAGGCACTGGCCGACTTTGCCATGAAGCTGATGGAC
CAGATGAAGTACATCAATGAGCACTCCTTCAACAACTTCCAGATGAAGATCGGGCTCAAC
ATCGGCCCCGTGGTGGCCGGGGTGATAGGGGCACGAAAGCCTCAGTACGACATCTGGGGC
AATACCGTGAACGTGGCCAGCCGCATGGACAGCACCGGTGTACCCGACCGCATCCAGGTC
ACCACAGACATGTACCAGGTGCTGGCTGCCAACACGTACCAGCTGGAGTGCCGGGGCGTG
GTCAAGGTCAAGGGCAAAGGCGAGATGATGACCTACTTCCTCAATGGAGGGCCCCCGCTC
AGTTAG

Enzyme 73 GenBank Gene ID

NM_183357.1 Link Image

Enzyme 73 GeneCard ID

ADCY5

Enzyme 73 GenAtlas ID

ADCY5

Enzyme 73 HGNC ID

HGNC:236

Enzyme 73 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 73 Locus

3q13.2-q21

Enzyme 73 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 73 General References

Muzny DM, Scherer SE, Kaul R, Wang J, Yu J, Sudbrak R, Buhay CJ, Chen R, Cree A, Ding Y, Dugan-Rocha S, Gill R, Gunaratne P, Harris RA, Hawes AC, Hernandez J, Hodgson AV, Hume J, Jackson A, Khan ZM, Kovar-Smith C, Lewis LR, Lozado RJ, Metzker ML, Milosavljevic A, Miner GR, Morgan MB, Nazareth LV, Scott G, Sodergren E, Song XZ, Steffen D, Wei S, Wheeler DA, Wright MW, Worley KC, Yuan Y, Zhang Z, Adams CQ, Ansari-Lari MA, Ayele M, Brown MJ, Chen G, Chen Z, Clendenning J, Clerc-Blankenburg KP, Chen R, Chen Z, Davis C, Delgado O, Dinh HH, Dong W, Draper H, Ernst S, Fu G, Gonzalez-Garay ML, Garcia DK, Gillett W, Gu J, Hao B, Haugen E, Havlak P, He X, Hennig S, Hu S, Huang W, Jackson LR, Jacob LS, Kelly SH, Kube M, Levy R, Li Z, Liu B, Liu J, Liu W, Lu J, Maheshwari M, Nguyen BV, Okwuonu GO, Palmeiri A, Pasternak S, Perez LM, Phelps KA, Plopper FJ, Qiang B, Raymond C, Rodriguez R, Saenphimmachak C, Santibanez J, Shen H, Shen Y, Subramanian S, Tabor PE, Verduzco D, Waldron L, Wang J, Wang J, Wang Q, Williams GA, Wong GK, Yao Z, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhao G, Zhou J, Zhou Y, Nelson D, Lehrach H, Reinhardt R, Naylor SL, Yang H, Olson M, Weinstock G, Gibbs RA: The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3. Nature. 2006 Apr 27;440(7088):1194-8. [PubMed ]
Ludwig MG, Seuwen K: Characterization of the human adenylyl cyclase gene family: cDNA, gene structure, and tissue distribution of the nine isoforms. J Recept Signal Transduct Res. 2002 Feb-Nov;22(1-4):79-110. [PubMed ]
Raimundo S, Giray J, Volff JN, Schwab M, Altenbuchner J, Ratge D, Wisser H: Cloning and sequence of partial cDNAs encoding the human type V and VI adenylyl cyclases and subsequent RNA-quantification in various tissues. Clin Chim Acta. 1999 Jul;285(1-2):155-61. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 73 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 74 [top]

Enzyme 74 ID

5981

Enzyme 74 Name

Adenylate cyclase type 8

Enzyme 74 Synonyms

ATP pyrophosphate-lyase 8
Adenylate cyclase type VIII
Adenylyl cyclase 8
Ca(2+)/calmodulin-activated adenylyl cyclase

Enzyme 74 Gene Name

ADCY8

Enzyme 74 Protein Sequence

>Adenylate cyclase type 8

MELSDVRCLTGSEELYTIHPTPPAGDGRSASRPQRLLWQTAVRHITEQRFIHGHRGGSGS
GSGGSGKASDPAGGGPNHHAPQLSGDSALPLYSLGPGERAHSTCGTKVFPERSGSGSASG
SGGGGDLGFLHLDCAPSNSDFFLNGGYSYRGVIFPTLRNSFKSRDLERLYQRYFLGQRRK
SEVVMNVLDVLTKLTLLVLHLSLASAPMDPLKGILLGFFTGIEVVICALVVVRKDTTSHT
YLQYSGVVTWVAMTTQILAAGLGYGLLGDGIGYVLFTLFATYSMLPLPLTWAILAGLGTS
LLQVILQVVIPRLAVISINQVVAQAVLFMCMNTAGIFISYLSDRAQRQAFLETRRCVEAR
LRLETENQRQERLVLSVLPRFVVLEMINDMTNVEDEHLQHQFHRIYIHRYENVSILFADV
KGFTNLSTTLSAQELVRMLNELFARFDRLAHEHHCLRIKILGDCYYCVSGLPEPRQDHAH
CCVEMGLSMIKTIRYVRSRTKHDVDMRIGIHSGSVLCGVLGLRKWQFDVWSWDVDIANKL
ESGGIPGRIHISKATLDCLNGDYNVEEGHGKERNEFLRKHNIETYLIKQPEDSLLSLPED
IVKESVSSSDRRNSGATFTEGSWSPELPFDNIVGKQNTLAALTRNSINLLPNHLAQALHV
QSGPEEINKRIEHTIDLRSGDKLRREHIKPFSLMFKDSSLEHKYSQMRDEVFKSNLVCAF
IVLLFITAIQSLLPSSRVMPMTIQFSILIMLHSALVLITTAEDYKCLPLILRKTCCWINE
TYLARNVIIFASILINFLGAILNILWCDFDKSIPLKNLTFNSSAVFTDICSYPEYFVFTG
VLAMVTCAVFLRLNSVLKLAVLLIMIAIYALLTETVYAGLFLRYDNLNHSGEDFLGTKEV
SLLLMAMFLLAVFYHGQQLEYTARLDFLWRVQAKEEINEMKELREHNENMLRNILPSHVA
RHFLEKDRDNEELYSQSYDAVGVMFASIPGFADFYSQTEMNNQGVECLRLLNEIIADFDE
LLGEDRFQDIEKIKTIGSTYMAVSGLSPEKQQCEDKWGHLCALADFSLALTESIQEINKH
SFNNFELRIGISHGSVVAGVIGAKKPQYDIWGKTVNLASRMDSTGVSGRIQVPEETYLIL
KDQGFAFDYRGEIYVKGISEQEGKIKTYFLLGRVQPNPFILPPRRLPGQYSLAAVVLGLV
QSLNRQRQKQLLNENNNTGIIKGHYNRRTLLSPSGTEPGAQAEGTDKSDLP

Enzyme 74 Number of Residues

1251

Enzyme 74 Molecular Weight

140120.8

Enzyme 74 Theoretical pI

6.99

Enzyme 74 GO Classification

Function
adenylate cyclase activity catalytic activity cyclase activity lyase activity phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity
Process
cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process intracellular signaling pathway metabolic process nitrogen compound metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process nucleoside phosphate metabolic process nucleotide metabolic process signaling signaling pathway
Component
cell part integral to membrane intrinsic to membrane membrane part

Enzyme 74 General Function

Involved in phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity

Enzyme 74 Specific Function

This is a membrane-bound, calcium-stimulable adenylyl cyclase. May be involved in learning, in memory and in drug dependence

Enzyme 74 Pathways

Purine Metabolism (map00230 )

Enzyme 74 Reactions

ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate [RN:R00089]

Enzyme 74 Pfam Domain Function

DUF1053 (PF06327 )
Guanylate_cyc (PF00211 )

Enzyme 74 Signals

None

Enzyme 74 Transmembrane Regions

183-203 212-232 247-267 274-294 296-316 321-341 716-736 738-758 787-807 831-851 861-881 894-914

Enzyme 74 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 74 GenBank ID Protein

516263

Enzyme 74 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P40145

Enzyme 74 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

ADCY8_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 74 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 74 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 74 Gene Sequence

>3756 bp

ATGGAGCTCTCCGATGTGCGCTGCCTTACAGGCAGCGAGGAACTCTACACCATCCACCCG
ACGCCCCCGGCCGGCGACGGCAGGAGCGCCTCCCGGCCGCAGCGGCTGCTGTGGCAGACG
GCGGTGCGACACATCACGGAGCAGCGCTTCATTCACGGGCACCGGGGAGGCAGCGGCAGC
GGGAGTGGAGGCTCGGGCAAAGCCTCGGACCCTGCGGGCGGCGGCCCCAACCACCACGCG
CCGCAGCTGTCAGGCGACTCGGCGCTGCCCCTCTACTCGCTGGGCCCGGGAGAGCGAGCG
CACAGCACCTGCGGCACCAAAGTCTTCCCGGAACGCAGCGGGAGCGGCAGTGCCAGCGGC
AGCGGAGGCGGGGGCGACCTGGGCTTCCTGCACCTTGACTGTGCCCCTAGCAACTCGGAT
TTCTTTCTTAATGGGGGCTATAGCTACCGAGGGGTCATTTTCCCCACCCTGCGCAACTCC
TTCAAATCTCGGGATTTGGAACGCCTCTACCAGCGCTATTTCTTGGGCCAAAGGCGCAAA
TCGGAAGTGGTGATGAACGTGCTGGACGTGCTGACCAAACTCACTCTCTTGGTCCTACAC
TTGAGCCTGGCCTCGGCCCCCATGGACCCGCTCAAGGGCATCCTGCTGGGCTTCTTCACC
GGCATTGAGGTAGTGATCTGCGCCCTGGTGGTGGTCAGGAAGGACACCACCTCCCACACG
TACCTGCAGTACAGCGGCGTGGTCACCTGGGTGGCCATGACCACCCAGATCCTGGCAGCA
GGCCTCGGCTACGGGCTCCTGGGCGACGGCATAGGCTACGTGCTCTTCACGCTCTTCGCC
ACCTACAGTATGCTGCCGCTGCCGCTCACCTGGGCCATCCTGGCCGGCCTGGGCACCTCG
CTGCTGCAGGTCATCCTCCAAGTGGTCATACCCCGGCTGGCGGTCATTTCCATCAACCAG
GTTGTGGCCCAGGCAGTGCTATTCATGTGTATGAACACAGCTGGAATCTTCATCAGTTAC
CTGTCAGACCGGGCCCAGCGCCAAGCTTTCCTGGAGACTCGGAGGTGTGTGGAGGCCAGG
CTGCGCCTGGAGACAGAGAACCAAAGACAGGAGCGGCTCGTGCTTTCTGTGCTCCCCCGG
TTTGTTGTCCTGGAAATGATCAACGACATGACCAATGTGGAAGATGAGCACCTGCAGCAC
CAGTTCCATCGGATCTACATCCATCGCTATGAGAACGTCAGTATTCTTTTTGCAGATGTT
AAAGGATTTACCAACCTCTCCACGACCTTGTCTGCTCAGGAGCTGGTCAGGATGCTCAAC
GAGCTCTTTGCCAGATTTGATCGACTGGCCCATGAGCATCACTGCCTTCGTATTAAAATC
CTGGGGGACTGCTACTACTGCGTGTCTGGACTTCCTGAGCCCCGCCAGGACCATGCCCAC
TGCTGTGTTGAAATGGGTCTCAGCATGATCAAAACCATCAGGTATGTGCGGTCAAGGACA
AAACACGATGTTGACATGAGGATTGGAATCCACTCCGGCTCGGTGCTGTGCGGTGTTTTG
GGACTACGGAAGTGGCAGTTTGATGTCTGGTCTTGGGATGTGGATATTGCAAACAAACTC
GAATCTGGAGGAATCCCCGGGAGGATTCACATTTCCAAAGCCACGCTGGACTGTCTCAAC
GGTGACTATAACGTGGAAGAGGGCCATGGTAAAGAGAGGAATGAATTCCTGAGGAAGCAT
AATATCGAAACTTACTTAATTAAGCAGCCTGAGGACAGTCTGCTGTCCTTGCCTGAAGAT
ATCGTCAAGGAGTCAGTGAGCTCCTCAGACCGGAGAAACAGTGGGGCCACATTCACTGAA
GGATCCTGGAGCCCTGAACTGCCCTTTGATAATATCGTGGGGAAACAGAATACTCTGGCT
GCCCTAACAAGAAATTCAATAAATCTGCTTCCAAACCATCTTGCACAAGCTTTGCATGTC
CAGTCTGGGCCTGAGGAAATTAACAAGAGAATAGAACATACCATCGACTTGCGGAGTGGC
GATAAATTGAGAAGAGAGCATATCAAGCCATTCTCACTGATGTTTAAAGACTCCAGCCTG
GAGCACAAGTATTCTCAAATGAGGGATGAAGTGTTCAAGTCAAACTTGGTCTGTGCATTT
ATCGTTCTTCTATTTATCACGGCAATACAAAGTTTGCTTCCTTCTTCAAGAGTGATGCCA
ATGACCATCCAGTTCTCCATTCTGATTATGCTGCACTCGGCTCTGGTCCTCATCACCACA
GCAGAGGATTATAAATGTTTGCCCCTCATCCTCCGGAAAACTTGCTGTTGGATTAATGAG
ACCTATTTGGCCCGGAACGTCATCATCTTTGCATCCATTTTGATTAATTTCCTGGGTGCC
ATCTTAAATATCCTGTGGTGTGATTTTGACAAGTCGATACCCTTGAAGAACCTGACTTTC
AATTCCTCAGCTGTGTTTACAGATATCTGCTCCTACCCAGAGTACTTTGTCTTCACGGGG
GTGTTGGCCATGGTGACCTGTGCAGTTTTCCTCCGGCTGAACTCCGTCCTGAAGCTGGCA
GTGCTGCTGATCATGATTGCCATCTATGCCCTGCTCACTGAGACCGTCTACGCAGGCCTC
TTTCTGCGTTATGACAACCTCAACCACAGTGGAGAAGATTTCCTGGGGACCAAGGAGGTA
TCACTGCTACTGATGGCCATGTTCCTCCTGGCTGTGTTCTACCATGGACAGCAGCTGGAG
TACACAGCCCGCCTGGACTTCCTTTGGCGAGTACAGGCCAAAGAGGAGATCAATGAGATG
AAGGAGCTGAGGGAACACAATGAGAACATGCTCCGGAATATCTTACCCAGCCATGTGGCC
CGCCATTTCCTAGAGAAGGACCGAGACAATGAGGAGCTGTATTCTCAATCCTATGATGCT
GTTGGGGTGATGTTTGCCTCCATCCCAGGATTTGCGGACTTTTACTCTCAGACTGAAATG
AATAACCAGGGAGTGGAATGCCTGCGCTTGCTCAATGAGATCATTGCTGACTTCGATGAG
TTGCTTGGTGAAGACCGATTTCAAGACATTGAAAAGATTAAGACCATTGGCAGCACCTAC
ATGGCCGTGTCAGGCCTGTCACCTGAAAAACAGCAATGTGAAGACAAGTGGGGACATTTG
TGTGCTCTGGCTGACTTCTCACTCGCCCTGACAGAAAGCATACAGGAGATCAACAAGCAT
TCATTCAACAATTTTGAACTCCGGATTGGCATCAGCCACGGCTCAGTGGTAGCTGGCGTT
ATCGGCGCTAAGAAACCACAGTATGACATTTGGGGCAAAACTGTGAACCTGGCAAGCCGA
ATGGACAGCACGGGGGTTAGTGGCCGGATCCAAGTCCCAGAGGAGACCTATCTCATCCTG
AAGGACCAGGGCTTTGCCTTTGATTACCGAGGGGAGATCTATGTGAAGGGTATCAGTGAA
CAGGAAGGAAAAATCAAAACGTACTTTCTTCTGGGAAGAGTCCAACCCAACCCATTCATC
TTGCCCCCAAGAAGACTGCCTGGGCAGTACTCCCTGGCCGCGGTTGTCCTGGGACTTGTC
CAGTCCCTCAATAGGCAAAGGCAGAAGCAGCTACTCAATGAGAACAACAACACAGGAATC
ATCAAGGGTCATTACAACCGGCGGACTTTGTTGTCACCCAGCGGCACAGAGCCTGGAGCC
CAGGCTGAAGGCACCGACAAATCTGATTTGCCATAA

Enzyme 74 GenBank Gene ID

Z35309

Enzyme 74 GeneCard ID

ADCY8

Enzyme 74 GenAtlas ID

ADCY8

Enzyme 74 HGNC ID

HGNC:239

Enzyme 74 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 74 Locus

8q24

Enzyme 74 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 74 General References

Defer N, Marinx O, Stengel D, Danisova A, Iourgenko V, Matsuoka I, Caput D, Hanoune J: Molecular cloning of the human type VIII adenylyl cyclase. FEBS Lett. 1994 Aug 29;351(1):109-13. [PubMed ]
Parma J, Stengel D, Gannage MH, Poyard M, Barouki R, Hanoune J: Sequence of a human brain adenylyl cyclase partial cDNA: evidence for a consensus cyclase specific domain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Aug 30;179(1):455-62. [PubMed ]
Sjoblom T, Jones S, Wood LD, Parsons DW, Lin J, Barber TD, Mandelker D, Leary RJ, Ptak J, Silliman N, Szabo S, Buckhaults P, Farrell C, Meeh P, Markowitz SD, Willis J, Dawson D, Willson JK, Gazdar AF, Hartigan J, Wu L, Liu C, Parmigiani G, Park BH, Bachman KE, Papadopoulos N, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Velculescu VE: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):268-74. Epub 2006 Sep 7. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 74 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 75 [top]

Enzyme 75 ID

5982

Enzyme 75 Name

Adenylate cyclase type 9

Enzyme 75 Synonyms

ATP pyrophosphate-lyase 9
Adenylate cyclase type IX
Adenylyl cyclase 9

Enzyme 75 Gene Name

ADCY9

Enzyme 75 Protein Sequence

>Adenylate cyclase type 9

MASPPHQQLLHHHSTEVSCDSSGDSNSVRVKINPKQLSSNSHPKHCKYSISSSCSSSGDS
GGVPRRVGGGGRLRRQKKLPQLFERASSRWWDPKFDSVNLEEACLERCFPQTQRRFRYAL
FYIGFACLLWSIYFAVHMRSRLIVMVAPALCFLLVCVGFFLFTFTKLYARHYAWTSLALT
LLVFALTLAAQFQVLTPVSGRGDSSNLTATARPTDTCLSQVGSFSMCIEVLFLLYTVMHL
PLYLSLCLGVAYSVLFETFGYHFRDEACFPSPGAGALHWELLSRGLLHGCIHAIGVHLFV
MSQVRSRSTFLKVGQSIMHGKDLEVEKALKERMIHSVMPRIIADDLMKQGDEESENSVKR
HATSSPKNRKKKSSIQKAPIAFRPFKMQQIEEVSILFADIVGFTKMSANKSAHALVGLLN
DLFGRFDRLCEETKCEKISTLGDCYYCVAGCPEPRADHAYCCIEMGLGMIKAIEQFCQEK
KEMVNMRVGVHTGTVLCGILGMRRFKFDVWSNDVNLANLMEQLGVAGKVHISEATAKYLD
DRYEMEDGKVIERLGQSVVADQLKGLKTYLISGQRAKESRCSCAEALLSGFEVIDGSQVS
SGPRGQGTASSGNVSDLAQTVKTFDNLKTCPSCGITFAPKSEAGAEGGAPQNGCQDEHKN
STKASGGPNPKTQNGLLSPPQEEKLTNSQTSLCEILQEKGRWAGVSLDQSALLPLRFKNI
REKTDAHFVDVIKEDSLMKDYFFKPPINQFSLNFLDQELERSYRTSYQEEVIKNSPVKTF
ASPTFSSLLDVFLSTTVFLTLSTTCFLKYEAATVPPPPAALAVFSAALLLEVLSLAVSIR
MVFFLEDVMACTKRLLEWIAGWLPRHCIGAILVSLPALAVYSHVTSEYETNIHFPVFTGS
AALIAVVHYCNFCQLSSWMRSSLATVVGAGPLLLLYVSLCPDSSVLTSPLDAVQNFSSER
NPCNSSVPRDLRRPASLIGQEVVLVFFLLLLLVWFLNREFEVSYRLHYHGDVEADLHRTK
IQSMRDQADWLLRNIIPYHVAEQLKVSQTYSKNHDSGGVIFASIVNFSEFYEENYEGGKE
CYRVLNELIGDFDELLSKPDYSSIEKIKTIGATYMAASGLNTAQAQDGSHPQEHLQILFE
FAKEMMRVVDDFNNNMLWFNFKLRVGFNHGPLTAGVIGTTKLLYDIWGDTVNIASRMDTT
GVECRIQVSEESYRVLSKMGYDFDYRGTVNVKGKGQMKTYLYPKCTDHRVIPQHQLSISP
DIRVQVDGSIGRSPTDEIANLVPSVQYVDKTSLGSDSSTQAKDAHLSPKRPWKEPVKAEE
RGRFGKAIEKDDCDETGIEEANELTKLNVSKSV

Enzyme 75 Number of Residues

1353

Enzyme 75 Molecular Weight

150699.4

Enzyme 75 Theoretical pI

7.35

Enzyme 75 GO Classification

Function
catalytic activity lyase activity phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity
Process
cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process intracellular signaling pathway metabolic process nitrogen compound metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process nucleoside phosphate metabolic process nucleotide metabolic process signaling signaling pathway
Component
—

Enzyme 75 General Function

Involved in phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity

Enzyme 75 Specific Function

May play a fundamental role in situations where fine interplay between intracellular calcium and cAMP determines the cellular function. May be a physiologically relevant docking site for calcineurin

Enzyme 75 Pathways

Purine Metabolism (map00230 )

Enzyme 75 Reactions

ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate [RN:R00089]

Enzyme 75 Pfam Domain Function

Guanylate_cyc (PF00211 )

Enzyme 75 Signals

None

Enzyme 75 Transmembrane Regions

118-138 142-162 172-192 216-235 242-259 281-301 787-807 819-839 868-888 892-912 921-941 976-996

Enzyme 75 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 75 GenBank ID Protein

50959205

Enzyme 75 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

O60503

Enzyme 75 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

ADCY9_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 75 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 75 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 75 Gene Sequence

>4062 bp

ATGGCTTCCCCACCCCACCAGCAGCTGCTGCATCACCACAGCACCGAGGTGAGCTGCGAC
TCCAGCGGGGACAGCAACAGCGTGCGCGTCAAGATCAACCCCAAGCAGCTGTCCTCCAAC
AGCCACCCCAAGCACTGCAAATACAGCATCTCCTCTAGCTGCAGCAGCTCTGGGGACTCC
GGGGGCGTCCCCCGGCGAGTGGGCGGCGGAGGCCGGCTGCGCAGGCAGAAGAAGCTGCCC
CAGCTGTTCGAGAGGGCCTCCAGCCGCTGGTGGGACCCCAAGTTCGACTCGGTGAACCTG
GAGGAGGCCTGCCTGGAGCGCTGCTTCCCGCAGACCCAGCGCCGGTTCCGGTATGCGCTC
TTCTACATCGGCTTCGCCTGCCTTCTGTGGAGCATCTATTTTGCGGTCCACATGAGATCC
AGACTGATCGTCATGGTCGCCCCCGCGCTGTGCTTCCTCCTGGTGTGTGTGGGCTTCTTT
CTGTTTACCTTCACCAAGCTGTACGCCCGGCATTACGCGTGGACCTCGCTGGCTCTCACC
CTGCTGGTGTTCGCCCTGACCCTGGCTGCGCAGTTCCAGGTCTTGACGCCTGTCTCAGGA
CGCGGCGACAGCTCCAACCTTACGGCCACAGCCCGGCCCACAGATACTTGCTTATCTCAA
GTGGGGAGCTTCTCCATGTGCATCGAAGTGCTCTTTTTGCTCTATACCGTCATGCACTTA
CCTTTGTACCTGAGTTTGTGTCTGGGGGTGGCCTACTCTGTCCTTTTCGAGACCTTTGGC
TACCATTTCCGGGATGAAGCCTGCTTCCCCTCGCCCGGAGCCGGGGCCCTGCACTGGGAG
CTGCTGAGCAGGGGGCTGCTCCACGGCTGCATCCACGCCATCGGGGTCCACCTGTTCGTC
ATGTCCCAGGTGAGGTCCAGGAGCACCTTCCTCAAGGTGGGGCAATCCATTATGCACGGG
AAGGACCTGGAAGTGGAAAAAGCCCTCAAAGAGAGGATGATTCATTCCGTGATGCCAAGA
ATCATAGCCGATGACTTAATGAAGCAGGGAGATGAGGAGAGTGAGAATTCTGTCAAGAGG
CATGCCACCTCGAGCCCCAAGAACAGGAAGAAAAAGTCTTCCATCCAAAAAGCTCCTATA
GCCTTCCGCCCTTTTAAGATGCAGCAGATCGAAGAAGTCAGTATTTTATTTGCAGATATC
GTGGGCTTCACCAAGATGAGTGCCAACAAGTCTGCCCACGCCCTGGTGGGTCTCCTGAAC
GATCTGTTCGGTCGCTTCGACCGCCTGTGTGAGGAGACCAAGTGTGAGAAAATCAGCACC
CTGGGAGACTGTTACTACTGCGTGGCGGGCTGTCCCGAGCCCCGGGCCGACCATGCCTAC
TGCTGCATCGAGATGGGCCTGGGCATGATCAAGGCCATCGAGCAGTTCTGCCAGGAGAAG
AAGGAGATGGTGAACATGAGAGTCGGGGTGCACACGGGCACCGTCCTTTGCGGCATCCTG
GGCATGAGGAGGTTTAAATTTGACGTGTGGTCCAACGATGTGAACCTGGCCAATCTCATG
GAGCAGCTGGGAGTGGCCGGCAAAGTTCACATTTCTGAGGCCACCGCAAAATACTTAGAT
GACCGGTACGAAATGGAAGATGGGAAAGTTATTGAACGGCTGGGCCAGAGCGTGGTTGCT
GACCAGTTGAAAGGTTTGAAGACATACCTGATATCGGGTCAGAGAGCCAAGGAGTCTCGC
TGCAGCTGTGCAGAGGCCTTGCTTTCTGGCTTTGAGGTCATTGACGGCTCACAGGTGTCC
TCAGGCCCTAGGGGACAGGGGACAGCGTCATCAGGGAATGTCAGTGACTTGGCGCAGACT
GTCAAAACCTTTGATAACCTTAAGACCTGCCCTTCGTGCGGAATCACATTTGCTCCCAAA
TCTGAAGCCGGCGCCGAGGGAGGAGCACCTCAAAACGGCTGCCAAGACGAGCATAAAAAC
AGCACCAAGGCTTCTGGAGGACCTAATCCCAAAACTCAGAACGGGCTCCTCAGCCCTCCC
CAAGAGGAGAAGCTCACCAACAGTCAGACTTCTCTGTGTGAGATCTTGCAGGAGAAGGGA
AGGTGGGCAGGGGTGAGCCTGGACCAGTCGGCTCTCCTTCCGCTGAGGTTCAAGAACATC
CGGGAGAAAACGGACGCCCACTTTGTGGACGTTATCAAAGAAGACAGCCTGATGAAAGAT
TACTTTTTTAAGCCGCCCATTAATCAGTTCAGCCTGAACTTCCTGGATCAGGAGCTGGAG
CGATCCTACAGGACCAGCTATCAGGAAGAGGTCATAAAGAACTCCCCCGTGAAGACGTTT
GCTAGTCCCACCTTCAGCTCCCTCCTGGATGTGTTTCTGTCGACCACAGTGTTTCTGACG
CTGTCCACCACCTGCTTCCTGAAGTACGAGGCGGCCACCGTGCCTCCCCCGCCCGCCGCC
CTGGCGGTCTTCAGTGCAGCCCTGCTGCTGGAGGTGCTGTCCCTCGCGGTGTCCATCAGG
ATGGTGTTCTTCCTGGAGGACGTCATGGCCTGCACCAAGCGCCTGCTGGAGTGGATCGCC
GGCTGGCTACCACGTCACTGCATCGGGGCCATCCTGGTGTCGCTTCCCGCACTGGCCGTC
TACTCCCATGTCACCTCCGAATATGAGACCAACATACACTTCCCAGTGTTCACAGGCTCG
GCCGCGCTGATTGCCGTCGTGCACTACTGTAACTTCTGCCAGCTCAGCTCCTGGATGAGG
TCCTCCCTCGCCACCGTCGTGGGGGCCGGGCCGCTGCTCCTGCTCTACGTCTCCCTGTGC
CCAGACAGTTCTGTATTAACTTCGCCCCTTGACGCAGTACAGAATTTCAGTTCCGAGAGG
AACCCGTGCAATAGTTCGGTGCCGCGTGACCTCCGGCGGCCCGCCAGCCTCATCGGCCAG
GAGGTGGTTCTCGTCTTCTTTCTCCTGCTCTTGTTGGTCTGGTTCCTGAATCGCGAATTT
GAAGTCAGCTACCGCCTCCACTACCACGGAGACGTGGAAGCGGATCTTCACCGCACCAAG
ATCCAGAGCATGCGGGACCAGGCAGACTGGCTGCTGAGGAACATCATCCCCTACCACGTG
GCTGAGCAGCTGAAGGTGTCCCAGACCTACTCCAAGAACCATGACAGCGGAGGGGTGATC
TTCGCCAGCATCGTCAACTTCAGCGAGTTCTACGAGGAGAACTACGAGGGCGGCAAGGAG
TGCTACCGGGTCCTCAACGAGCTCATCGGGGACTTTGACGAGCTCCTAAGCAAGCCGGAC
TACAGCAGCATCGAGAAGATCAAGACCATCGGAGCCACGTACATGGCGGCGTCAGGGCTG
AACACCGCGCAGGCCCAGGACGGCAGCCACCCGCAGGAGCACCTGCAGATCCTGTTCGAG
TTCGCCAAGGAGATGATGCGCGTGGTGGACGACTTCAACAACAACATGCTGTGGTTCAAC
TTCAAGCTCCGCGTCGGCTTCAACCATGGGCCCCTCACGGCCGGGGTCATCGGCACCACC
AAGCTGCTGTACGACATCTGGGGAGACACCGTCAACATCGCCAGCAGGATGGACACCACC
GGCGTGGAGTGCCGCATCCAGGTGAGCGAAGAGAGCTACCGCGTCTTGAGCAAGATGGGC
TATGACTTCGACTACAGAGGGACCGTGAATGTCAAGGGGAAAGGCCAGATGAAGACCTAC
CTGTACCCAAAGTGCACGGATCACAGGGTCATCCCACAGCACCAGCTGTCCATCTCCCCA
GACATCCGCGTCCAGGTGGATGGCAGCATCGGACGGTCTCCCACAGACGAGATTGCCAAC
CTGGTGCCTTCTGTCCAGTATGTGGACAAGACATCTCTGGGTTCTGACAGCAGCACGCAG
GCCAAGGATGCCCACCTGTCCCCCAAGAGACCGTGGAAGGAGCCCGTCAAAGCCGAAGAA
AGGGGTCGATTTGGCAAAGCCATAGAGAAAGACGACTGTGACGAAACAGGAATAGAAGAA
GCCAACGAACTCACCAAGCTCAACGTTTCAAAGAGTGTGTGA

Enzyme 75 GenBank Gene ID

NM_001116.3 Link Image

Enzyme 75 GeneCard ID

ADCY9

Enzyme 75 GenAtlas ID

ADCY9

Enzyme 75 HGNC ID

HGNC:240

Enzyme 75 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 75 Locus

16p13.3

Enzyme 75 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 75 General References

Hacker BM, Tomlinson JE, Wayman GA, Sultana R, Chan G, Villacres E, Disteche C, Storm DR: Cloning, chromosomal mapping, and regulatory properties of the human type 9 adenylyl cyclase (ADCY9). Genomics. 1998 May 15;50(1):97-104. [PubMed ]
Small KM, Brown KM, Theiss CT, Seman CA, Weiss ST, Liggett SB: An Ile to Met polymorphism in the catalytic domain of adenylyl cyclase type 9 confers reduced beta2-adrenergic receptor stimulation. Pharmacogenetics. 2003 Sep;13(9):535-41. [PubMed ]
Tantisira KG, Small KM, Litonjua AA, Weiss ST, Liggett SB: Molecular properties and pharmacogenetics of a polymorphism of adenylyl cyclase type 9 in asthma: interaction between beta-agonist and corticosteroid pathways. Hum Mol Genet. 2005 Jun 15;14(12):1671-7. Epub 2005 May 6. [PubMed ]
Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. IX. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro. DNA Res. 1998 Feb 28;5(1):31-9. [PubMed ]
Nakajima D, Okazaki N, Yamakawa H, Kikuno R, Ohara O, Nagase T: Construction of expression-ready cDNA clones for KIAA genes: manual curation of 330 KIAA cDNA clones. DNA Res. 2002 Jun 30;9(3):99-106. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed ]
Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 75 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 76 [top]

Enzyme 76 ID

5983

Enzyme 76 Name

Adenylate cyclase type 3

Enzyme 76 Synonyms

ATP pyrophosphate-lyase 3
Adenylate cyclase type III
AC-III
Adenylate cyclase, olfactive type
Adenylyl cyclase 3
AC3

Enzyme 76 Gene Name

ADCY3

Enzyme 76 Protein Sequence

>Adenylate cyclase type 3

MPRNQGFSEPEYSAEYSAEYSVSLPSDPDRGVGRTHEISVRNSGSCLCLPRFMRLTFVPE
SLENLYQTYFKRQRHETLLVLVVFAALFDCYVVVMCAVVFSSDKLASLAVAGIGLVLDII
LFVLCKKGLLPDRVTRRVLPYVLWLLITAQIFSYLGLNFARAHAASDTVGWQVFFVFSFF
ITLPLSLSPIVIISVVSCVVHTLVLGVTVAQQQQEELKGMQLLREILANVFLYLCAIAVG
IMSYYMADRKHRKAFLEARQSLEVKMNLEEQSQQQENLMLSILPKHVADEMLKDMKKDES
QKDQQQFNTMYMYRHENVSILFADIVGFTQLSSACSAQELVKLLNELFARFDKLAAKYHQ
LRIKILGDCYYCICGLPDYREDHAVCSILMGLAMVEAISYVREKTKTGVDMRVGVHTGTV
LGGVLGQKRWQYDVWSTDVTVANKMEAGGIPGRVHISQSTMDCLKGEFDVEPGDGGSRCD
YLEEKGIETYLIIASKPEVKKTATQNGLNGSALPNGAPASSKSSSPALIETKEPNGSAHS
SGSTSEKPEEQDAQADNPSFPNPRRRLRLQDLADRVVDASEDEHELNQLLNEALLERESA
QVVKKRNTFLLSMRFMDPEMETRYSVEKEKQSGAAFSCSCVVLLCTALVEILIDPWLMTN
YVTFMVGEILLLILTICSLAAIFPRAFPKKLVAFSTWIDRTRWARNTWAMLAIFILVMAN
VVDMLSCLQYYTGPSNATAGMETEGSCLENPKYYNYVAVLSLIATIMLVQVSHMVKLTLM
LLVAGAVATINLYAWRPVFDEYDHKRFREHDLPMVALEQMQGFNPGLNGTDRLPLVPSKY
SMTVMVFLMMLSFYYFSRHVEKLARTLFLWKIEVHDQKERVYEMRRWNEALVTNMLPEHV
ARHFLGSKKRDEELYSQTYDEIGVMFASLPNFADFYTEESINNGGIECLRFLNEIISDFD
SLLDNPKFRVITKIKTIGSTYMAASGVTPDVNTNGFASSNKEDKSERERWQHLADLADFA
LAMKDTLTNINNQSFNNFMLRIGMNKGGVLAGVIGARKPHYDIWGNTVNVASRMESTGVM
GNIQVVEETQVILREYGFRFVRRGPIFVKGKGELLTFFLKGRDKLATFPNGPSVTLPHQV
VDNS

Enzyme 76 Number of Residues

1144

Enzyme 76 Molecular Weight

128958.9

Enzyme 76 Theoretical pI

6.55

Enzyme 76 GO Classification

Function
catalytic activity lyase activity phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity
Process
cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process intracellular signaling pathway metabolic process nitrogen compound metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process nucleoside phosphate metabolic process nucleotide metabolic process signaling signaling pathway
Component
—

Enzyme 76 General Function

Involved in phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity

Enzyme 76 Specific Function

Mediates odorant detection (possibly) via modulation of intracellular cAMP concentration

Enzyme 76 Pathways

Purine Metabolism (map00230 )

Enzyme 76 Reactions

ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate [RN:R00089]

Enzyme 76 Pfam Domain Function

Guanylate_cyc (PF00211 )

Enzyme 76 Signals

None

Enzyme 76 Transmembrane Regions

80-100 105-125 139-159 173-193 226-246 381-401 633-653 664-684 708-728 754-774 775-795 833-853

Enzyme 76 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 76 GenBank ID Protein

148536830

Enzyme 76 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

O60266

Enzyme 76 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

ADCY3_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 76 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 76 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 76 Gene Sequence

>3435 bp

ATGCCGAGGAACCAGGGCTTCTCCGAGCCCGAATACTCGGCCGAGTACTCAGCCGAGTAC
TCCGTCAGCCTGCCCTCCGACCCTGACCGCGGGGTGGGCCGGACCCATGAAATCTCGGTC
CGGAACTCGGGCTCCTGCCTGTGCCTGCCTCGCTTCATGCGGCTGACTTTCGTGCCGGAG
TCCTTGGAGAACCTCTACCAGACCTACTTCAAAAGGCAGCGCCACGAGACCCTGCTGGTG
CTGGTGGTCTTTGCAGCCCTCTTTGACTGCTACGTGGTGGTCATGTGTGCTGTGGTCTTC
TCCAGCGACAAGCTGGCTTCCCTCGCCGTGGCTGGAATTGGACTGGTGTTGGACATCATC
CTCTTCGTGCTCTGCAAAAAGGGGCTGCTCCCGGACCGGGTCACCCGCAGAGTGCTGCCC
TACGTGCTGTGGCTGCTCATAACCGCCCAGATCTTCTCCTACCTGGGCCTGAACTTCGCG
CGTGCCCACGCGGCTAGTGACACGGTGGGCTGGCAGGTCTTCTTTGTCTTCTCCTTCTTC
ATCACGCTGCCCCTCAGCCTCAGCCCCATCGTGATCATCTCCGTGGTCTCCTGTGTGGTG
CACACGTTGGTCCTGGGGGTCACCGTGGCCCAGCAGCAGCAGGAGGAGCTCAAGGGGATG
CAGCTGCTGCGGGAGATCCTGGCCAACGTCTTCCTCTACCTGTGCGCCATCGCTGTGGGC
ATCATGTCCTACTACATGGCTGACCGCAAGCACCGCAAGGCCTTCCTGGAGGCCCGCCAG
TCGCTGGAGGTGAAGATGAACCTGGAAGAGCAGAGCCAGCAGCAGGAGAACCTCATGCTT
TCCATCCTGCCCAAGCACGTGGCTGACGAGATGCTGAAAGACATGAAGAAAGACGAGAGC
CAGAAGGACCAGCAGCAGTTCAACACCATGTACATGTACCGTCACGAGAACGTCAGCATC
CTCTTTGCCGACATCGTGGGCTTTACCCAGCTGTCTTCTGCCTGCAGTGCCCAGGAGCTT
GTGAAGCTGCTCAACGAGCTCTTTGCCCGCTTTGACAAGCTGGCAGCTAAATACCACCAG
CTGCGGATTAAGATCCTGGGCGACTGCTACTACTGCATCTGCGGCTTGCCCGACTACCGG
GAGGACCACGCCGTCTGCTCCATCCTCATGGGGCTGGCCATGGTGGAGGCCATCTCGTAT
GTGCGGGAGAAGACCAAGACTGGGGTGGACATGCGTGTGGGGGTGCACACGGGCACCGTG
CTGGGGGGCGTCCTGGGCCAGAAGCGCTGGCAGTACGACGTGTGGTCGACTGATGTCACT
GTAGCCAACAAGATGGAGGCCGGCGGCATCCCTGGGCGCGTGCACATCTCCCAGAGCACC
ATGGACTGCCTGAAAGGGGAGTTTGATGTGGAGCCAGGCGATGGGGGCAGCCGCTGTGAT
TACCTAGAAGAGAAGGGTATTGAAACCTACCTCATCATTGCCTCCAAGCCAGAGGTGAAG
AAAACAGCCACCCAGAATGGCCTCAATGGCTCGGCCCTGCCCAATGGAGCACCAGCTTCC
TCAAAGTCCAGCTCCCCTGCCCTCATTGAGACCAAGGAGCCCAACGGGAGTGCCCACAGC
AGTGGGTCCACGTCGGAGAAGCCCGAGGAGCAGGATGCCCAGGCCGACAACCCCTCATTC
CCCAACCCACGCCGGAGGCTGCGCCTGCAGGACCTGGCTGACCGAGTGGTGGATGCCTCT
GAAGATGAGCACGAGCTCAACCAGCTGCTCAACGAGGCCCTGCTTGAGCGAGAGTCCGCC
CAAGTAGTAAAGAAGAGAAACACCTTCCTCTTGTCCATGCGGTTCATGGACCCCGAGATG
GAAACCCGCTACTCGGTGGAGAAGGAGAAGCAGAGTGGGGCTGCCTTCAGCTGCTCCTGC
GTCGTCCTGCTCTGCACGGCCCTGGTCGAGATACTCATCGACCCCTGGCTAATGACAAAC
TATGTGACCTTCATGGTGGGGGAGATTCTGCTCCTCATCCTGACCATCTGCTCCCTGGCT
GCCATCTTTCCCCGGGCCTTTCCTAAGAAGCTTGTGGCCTTCTCAACTTGGATTGACCGG
ACCCGCTGGGCCAGGAACACCTGGGCCATGCTCGCCATCTTCATCCTGGTGATGGCAAAT
GTCGTGGACATGCTCAGCTGTCTCCAGTACTACACGGGACCCAGCAATGCAACGGCAGGG
ATGGAAACGGAGGGCAGCTGCCTGGAGAACCCCAAGTATTACAACTATGTGGCCGTGCTG
TCCCTCATCGCCACCATCATGCTGGTGCAGGTCAGCCACATGGTGAAGCTCACGCTCATG
CTGCTCGTCGCAGGCGCCGTGGCCACCATCAACCTCTATGCCTGGCGTCCCGTCTTTGAT
GAATACGACCACAAGCGTTTTCGGGAGCACGACTTACCTATGGTGGCCTTAGAGCAGATG
CAAGGATTCAACCCTGGGCTCAATGGCACTGACAGGCTGCCCCTGGTGCCTTCCAAGTAC
TCTATGACGGTGATGGTGTTCCTCATGATGCTCAGCTTCTACTACTTCTCCCGCCACGTA
GAAAAACTGGCACGGACACTTTTCTTGTGGAAGATTGAGGTCCACGACCAGAAGGAACGT
GTCTATGAGATGCGACGCTGGAACGAGGCCTTGGTCACCAACATGTTGCCTGAGCACGTG
GCACGCCATTTCCTGGGGTCCAAGAAGAGAGATGAGGAGCTGTATAGCCAGACGTATGAT
GAGATTGGAGTCATGTTTGCCTCCCTGCCCAACTTTGCTGACTTCTACACAGAGGAGAGC
ATCAACAATGGTGGTATTGAGTGTCTGCGTTTCCTCAATGAAATCATCTCAGATTTTGAC
TCTCTCCTGGACAATCCCAAGTTCCGGGTGATCACCAAGATCAAAACCATTGGCAGCACG
TATATGGCGGCTTCAGGAGTCACCCCCGATGTCAACACCAATGGCTTTGCCAGCTCCAAC
AAGGAAGACAAGTCCGAGAGAGAGCGCTGGCAGCACCTGGCTGACCTGGCCGACTTCGCG
CTGGCCATGAAGGATACGCTCACCAACATCAACAACCAGTCCTTCAATAACTTCATGCTG
CGCATAGGCATGAACAAAGGCGGGGTTCTGGCTGGGGTCATCGGAGCCCGGAAACCACAC
TACGACATCTGGGGCAATACAGTCAATGTAGCCAGCAGGATGGAGTCCACGGGGGTCATG
GGCAACATTCAGGTGGTAGAAGAAACCCAAGTCATCCTCCGAGAGTACGGCTTCCGCTTT
GTGAGGCGAGGCCCCATCTTTGTGAAGGGGAAGGGGGAGCTGCTGACCTTCTTCTTGAAG
GGGCGGGATAAGCTAGCCACCTTCCCCAATGGCCCCTCTGTCACACTGCCCCACCAGGTG
GTGGACAACTCCTGA

Enzyme 76 GenBank Gene ID

NM_004036.3 Link Image

Enzyme 76 GeneCard ID

ADCY3

Enzyme 76 GenAtlas ID

ADCY3

Enzyme 76 HGNC ID

HGNC:234

Enzyme 76 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 76 Locus

2p23.3

Enzyme 76 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 76 General References

Yang B, He B, Abdel-Halim SM, Tibell A, Brendel MD, Bretzel RG, Efendic S, Hillert J: Molecular cloning of a full-length cDNA for human type 3 adenylyl cyclase and its expression in human islets. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 Jan 27;254(3):548-51. [PubMed ]
Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Pepin KH, Minx P, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Kremitzki C, Oddy L, Du H, Sun H, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Carter J, Cordes M, Harris A, Isak A, van Brunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Abbott S, Armstrong J, Belter EA, Caruso L, Cedroni M, Cotton M, Davidson T, Desai A, Elliott G, Erb T, Fronick C, Gaige T, Haakenson W, Haglund K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Kim K, Kruchowski SS, Strong CM, Grewal N, Goyea E, Hou S, Levy A, Martinka S, Mead K, McLellan MD, Meyer R, Randall-Maher J, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Shah N, Swearengen-Shahid S, Snider J, Strong JT, Thompson J, Yoakum M, Leonard S, Pearman C, Trani L, Radionenko M, Waligorski JE, Wang C, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Maupin R, Latreille P, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Pohl C, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Berkowicz N, Nelson JO, Osborne J, Ding L, Meyer R, Sabo A, Shotland Y, Sinha P, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Jones TA, She X, Ciccarelli FD, Izaurralde E, Taylor J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Cox DR, Huang X, McPherson JD, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Warren WC, Chinwalla AT, Eddy SR, Marra MA, Ovcharenko I, Furey TS, Miller W, Eichler EE, Bork P, Suyama M, Torrents D, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. Nature. 2005 Apr 7;434(7034):724-31. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. IX. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro. DNA Res. 1998 Feb 28;5(1):31-9. [PubMed ]
Hellevuo K, Yoshimura M, Kao M, Hoffman PL, Cooper DM, Tabakoff B: A novel adenylyl cyclase sequence cloned from the human erythroleukemia cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Apr 15;192(1):311-8. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 76 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 77 [top]

Enzyme 77 ID

5984

Enzyme 77 Name

Adenylate cyclase type 1

Enzyme 77 Synonyms

ATP pyrophosphate-lyase 1
Adenylate cyclase type I
Adenylyl cyclase 1
Ca(2+)/calmodulin-activated adenylyl cyclase

Enzyme 77 Gene Name

ADCY1

Enzyme 77 Protein Sequence

>Adenylate cyclase type 1

MAGAPRGGGGGGGGAGEPGGAERAAGTSRRRGLRACDEEFACPELEALFRGYTLRLEQAA
TLKALAVLSLLAGALALAELLGAPGPAPGLAKGSHPVHCVLFLALLVVTNVRSLQVPQLQ
QVGQLALLFSLTFALLCCPFALGGPARGSAGAAGGPATAEQGVWQLLLVTFVSYALLPVR
SLLAIGFGLVVAASHLLVTATLVPAKRPRLWRTLGANALLFVGVNMYGVFVRILTERSQR
KAFLQARSCIEDRLRLEDENEKQERLLMSLLPRNVAMEMKEDFLKPPERIFHKIYIQRHD
NVSILFADIVGFTGLASQCTAQELVKLLNELFGKFDELATENHCRRIKILGDCYYCVSGL
TQPKTDHAHCCVEMGLDMIDTITSVAEATEVDLNMRVGLHTGRVLCGVLGLRKWQYDVWS
NDVTLANVMEAAGLPGKVHITKTTLACLNGDYEVEPGYGHERNSFLKTHNIETFFIVPSH
RRKIFPGLILSDIKPAKRMKFKTVCYLLVQLMHCRKMFKAEIPFSNVMTCEDDDKRRALR
TASEKLRNRSSFSTNVVYTTPGTRVNRYISRLLEARQTELEMADLNFFTLKYKHVEREQK
YHQLQDEYFTSAVVLTLILAALFGLVYLLIFPQSVVVLLLLVFCICFLVACVLYLHITRV
QCFPGCLTIQIRTVLCIFIVVLIYSVAQGCVVGCLPWAWSSKPNSSLVVLSSGGQRTALP
TLPCESTHHALLCCLVGTLPLAIFFRVSSLPKMILLSGLTTSYILVLELSGYTRTGGGAV
SGRSYEPIVAILLFSCALALHARQVDIRLRLDYLWAAQAEEEREDMEKVKLDNRRILFNL
LPAHVAQHFLMSNPRNMDLYYQSYSQVGVMFASIPNFNDFYIELDGNNMGVECLRLLNEI
IADFDELMEKDFYKDIEKIKTIGSTYMAAVGLAPTSGTKAKKSISSHLSTLADFAIEMFD
VLDEINYQSYNDFVLRVGINVGPVVAGVIGARRPQYDIWGNTVNVASRMDSTGVQGRIQV
TEEVHRLLRRCPYHFVCRGKVSVKGKGEMLTYFLEGRTDGNGSQIRSLGLDRKMCPFGRA
GLQGRRPPVCPMPGVSVRAGLPPHSPGQYLPSAAAGKEA

Enzyme 77 Number of Residues

1119

Enzyme 77 Molecular Weight

123438.8

Enzyme 77 Theoretical pI

8.49

Enzyme 77 GO Classification

Function
catalytic activity lyase activity phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity
Process
cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process intracellular signaling pathway metabolic process nitrogen compound metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process nucleoside phosphate metabolic process nucleotide metabolic process signaling signaling pathway
Component
—

Enzyme 77 General Function

Involved in phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity

Enzyme 77 Specific Function

This is a calmodulin-sensitive adenylyl cyclase. May be involved in regulatory processes in the central nervous system. It may play a role in memory acquisition and learning

Enzyme 77 Pathways

Purine Metabolism (map00230 )

Enzyme 77 Reactions

ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate [RN:R00089]

Enzyme 77 Pfam Domain Function

Guanylate_cyc (PF00211 )

Enzyme 77 Signals

None

Enzyme 77 Transmembrane Regions

64-84 88-108 125-145 158-178 183-203 214-234 611-631 635-655 674-694 725-745 753-773 775-794

Enzyme 77 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 77 GenBank ID Protein

31083193

Enzyme 77 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q08828

Enzyme 77 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

ADCY1_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 77 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 77 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 77 Gene Sequence

>3360 bp

ATGGCGGGGGCGCCGCGCGGCGGAGGCGGCGGCGGAGGCGGCGCGGGCGAGCCCGGGGGC
GCCGAGCGGGCGGCCGGGACAAGCCGCCGGCGCGGGCTCCGGGCGTGCGACGAGGAGTTC
GCTTGCCCAGAGCTGGAGGCGCTGTTCCGCGGCTACACGCTGCGGCTGGAGCAGGCGGCC
ACGCTGAAGGCGCTGGCCGTTCTCAGCCTGCTGGCGGGCGCGCTGGCGCTGGCCGAGCTG
CTGGGCGCGCCGGGGCCCGCGCCCGGCCTGGCCAAGGGCTCACACCCGGTGCACTGCGTC
CTCTTCCTGGCGCTGCTCGTGGTAACCAACGTCCGGTCCCTGCAGGTGCCCCAGCTGCAG
CAGGTCGGCCAGCTGGCGCTGCTCTTCAGCCTCACCTTCGCGCTGCTCTGCTGTCCTTTC
GCGCTGGGCGGCCCCGCCCGGGGTTCCGCCGGGGCCGCTGGGGGGCCAGCGACCGCCGAA
CAAGGGGTTTGGCAGCTCCTTTTGGTCACCTTCGTGTCCTATGCCTTGCTGCCCGTGCGC
AGCCTGCTGGCCATAGGCTTTGGGCTCGTGGTGGCTGCGTCGCACTTGCTGGTCACAGCC
ACCTTGGTCCCCGCCAAGCGCCCACGTCTCTGGAGGACGCTCGGTGCCAATGCCTTGCTC
TTCGTCGGTGTGAACATGTATGGGGTCTTTGTGCGGATTCTGACTGAGCGTTCACAGAGG
AAGGCGTTCCTGCAGGCCCGGAGCTGCATTGAGGACCGACTGAGGCTGGAGGATGAGAAC
GAGAAGCAGGAGCGGCTCCTCATGAGCCTCCTGCCCCGGAACGTTGCCATGGAGATGAAG
GAGGACTTCCTGAAGCCCCCTGAGAGGATTTTCCACAAGATTTACATCCAGAGGCACGAC
AATGTGAGCATCCTGTTTGCTGACATCGTGGGTTTCACGGGCTTGGCATCCCAGTGCACA
GCCCAGGAGCTGGTGAAACTCCTCAATGAGCTCTTCGGCAAGTTCGATGAATTAGCCACG
GAGAACCACTGTCGCCGCATCAAGATTCTCGGGGACTGCTACTACTGCGTGTCGGGCCTC
ACCCAGCCCAAGACTGACCATGCCCACTGCTGTGTGGAGATGGGACTCGACATGATTGAT
ACCATCACATCTGTGGCTGAAGCCACCGAGGTGGATCTGAACATGCGTGTGGGTCTGCAC
ACGGGCAGGGTCCTCTGTGGTGTCCTGGGCTTGCGCAAGTGGCAGTACGACGTGTGGTCC
AATGATGTGACCTTGGCCAATGTCATGGAAGCCGCTGGCCTGCCAGGGAAGGTTCATATC
ACAAAGACGACCCTAGCGTGCTTGAATGGGGACTACGAGGTAGAACCGGGTTACGGACAT
GAGAGGAACAGTTTCTTGAAAACTCATAACATCGAAACCTTTTTTATTGTGCCATCCCAT
CGCCGAAAGATATTTCCAGGCCTGATTCTCTCAGATATAAAACCGGCCAAAAGGATGAAG
TTCAAGACTGTCTGCTACCTGCTGGTGCAGCTCATGCACTGCCGGAAAATGTTCAAGGCC
GAGATCCCCTTCTCCAATGTCATGACCTGCGAGGACGATGACAAGCGGAGGGCATTAAGA
ACAGCCTCGGAAAAACTCAGAAACCGCTCATCTTTTTCTACCAACGTTGTCTACACCACC
CCGGGCACTCGCGTCAACAGGTACATCAGCCGCCTCTTAGAAGCCCGCCAGACAGAGCTG
GAGATGGCAGACCTGAACTTCTTTACCCTGAAGTACAAACATGTCGAACGGGAGCAAAAG
TACCACCAGCTTCAGGACGAGTATTTCACCAGCGCCGTTGTCCTCACCCTCATCCTGGCT
GCCTTATTTGGCCTTGTCTACCTTCTAATATTCCCACAGAGTGTGGTCGTCCTGCTCCTG
CTAGTATTCTGCATCTGCTTCCTGGTGGCCTGTGTCCTGTACCTGCACATCACCCGGGTC
CAGTGTTTTCCAGGGTGCCTGACGATTCAGATTCGCACTGTCCTGTGTATTTTCATAGTG
GTCTTAATCTACTCAGTAGCCCAAGGTTGTGTGGTGGGCTGCCTGCCTTGGGCCTGGAGC
TCCAAGCCCAACAGTTCCCTGGTGGTCCTTTCGTCTGGGGGCCAGCGCACAGCCCTGCCC
ACCCTGCCCTGCGAGTCTACACACCATGCCCTGCTCTGCTGCCTGGTGGGCACCCTCCCG
CTAGCCATATTTTTCCGGGTGTCCTCCTTGCCAAAAATGATCCTGCTCTCCGGGCTCACC
ACGTCCTACATCCTCGTTCTGGAGCTCAGCGGATACACCAGGACTGGGGGTGGTGCCGTC
TCCGGGCGCAGCTACGAGCCGATTGTGGCCATCCTGCTCTTCTCCTGTGCGCTGGCCCTG
CATGCCAGGCAGGTGGACATCAGGCTGAGGCTGGACTACCTCTGGGCCGCACAGGCAGAG
GAGGAGCGAGAGGACATGGAGAAGGTGAAGCTGGACAACAGGCGCATCCTCTTCAACCTC
CTGCCGGCCCACGTCGCCCAGCACTTCCTCATGTCCAACCCTCGGAACATGGACCTCTAC
TACCAGTCCTACTCCCAGGTGGGCGTCATGTTTGCCTCCATCCCCAACTTCAATGACTTC
TACATCGAGCTGGACGGCAACAACATGGGGGTGGAGTGTCTGCGGCTTCTCAACGAGATC
ATCGCCGACTTTGACGAGCTCATGGAAAAAGACTTTTACAAGGACATAGAGAAGATCAAG
ACCATCGGGAGCACCTACATGGCCGCTGTGGGGCTAGCGCCCACCTCGGGGACCAAGGCT
AAGAAGTCCATCTCCTCCCACCTGAGCACGCTGGCGGACTTTGCCATTGAGATGTTTGAC
GTTCTGGATGAAATCAACTACCAGTCTTACAACGACTTTGTCCTCCGAGTTGGCATCAAT
GTTGGCCCTGTGGTGGCTGGAGTGATTGGCGCTCGCAGGCCCCAGTACGACATCTGGGGA
AACACAGTCAACGTGGCCAGTCGGATGGATAGCACAGGGGTCCAGGGCAGAATCCAGGTG
ACTGAGGAAGTCCACCGGCTGCTGAGAAGGTGCCCCTACCACTTTGTGTGCCGAGGCAAA
GTCAGTGTCAAGGGCAAAGGCGAGATGTTGACATACTTTCTAGAAGGCAGGACTGATGGA
AACGGCTCCCAAATCAGGTCCCTGGGCTTGGATCGGAAAATGTGTCCATTTGGGAGAGCT
GGCCTTCAGGGCAGACGTCCCCCCGTGTGCCCCATGCCTGGCGTCTCAGTCAGGGCTGGG
CTCCCTCCACACTCCCCAGGCCAGTACCTGCCCTCTGCAGCAGCTGGGAAGGAGGCTTAG

Enzyme 77 GenBank Gene ID

NM_021116.2 Link Image

Enzyme 77 GeneCard ID

ADCY1

Enzyme 77 GenAtlas ID

ADCY1

Enzyme 77 HGNC ID

HGNC:232

Enzyme 77 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 77 Locus

7p13-p12

Enzyme 77 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 77 General References

Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Graves TA, Pepin KH, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Maas J, Jaeger S, Walker R, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, O'Laughlin MD, Schaller ME, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Cordes M, Du H, Sun H, Edwards J, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Andrews S, Isak A, Vanbrunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Lamar B, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Bielicki L, Scott K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Harris A, Strong CM, Hou S, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Leonard S, Rohlfing T, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Abbott A, Minx P, Maupin R, Strowmatt C, Latreille P, Miller N, Johnson D, Murray J, Woessner JP, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Schultz BR, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Nelson JO, Berkowicz N, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Bedell JA, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Chissoe SL, Marra MA, Raymond C, Haugen E, Gillett W, Zhou Y, James R, Phelps K, Iadanoto S, Bubb K, Simms E, Levy R, Clendenning J, Kaul R, Kent WJ, Furey TS, Baertsch RA, Brent MR, Keibler E, Flicek P, Bork P, Suyama M, Bailey JA, Portnoy ME, Torrents D, Chinwalla AT, Gish WR, Eddy SR, McPherson JD, Olson MV, Eichler EE, Green ED, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7. Nature. 2003 Jul 10;424(6945):157-64. [PubMed ]
Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR, Osborne LR, Nakabayashi K, Herbrick JA, Carson AR, Parker-Katiraee L, Skaug J, Khaja R, Zhang J, Hudek AK, Li M, Haddad M, Duggan GE, Fernandez BA, Kanematsu E, Gentles S, Christopoulos CC, Choufani S, Kwasnicka D, Zheng XH, Lai Z, Nusskern D, Zhang Q, Gu Z, Lu F, Zeesman S, Nowaczyk MJ, Teshima I, Chitayat D, Shuman C, Weksberg R, Zackai EH, Grebe TA, Cox SR, Kirkpatrick SJ, Rahman N, Friedman JM, Heng HH, Pelicci PG, Lo-Coco F, Belloni E, Shaffer LG, Pober B, Morton CC, Gusella JF, Bruns GA, Korf BR, Quade BJ, Ligon AH, Ferguson H, Higgins AW, Leach NT, Herrick SR, Lemyre E, Farra CG, Kim HG, Summers AM, Gripp KW, Roberts W, Szatmari P, Winsor EJ, Grzeschik KH, Teebi A, Minassian BA, Kere J, Armengol L, Pujana MA, Estivill X, Wilson MD, Koop BF, Tosi S, Moore GE, Boright AP, Zlotorynski E, Kerem B, Kroisel PM, Petek E, Oscier DG, Mould SJ, Dohner H, Dohner K, Rommens JM, Vincent JB, Venter JC, Li PW, Mural RJ, Adams MD, Tsui LC: Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology. Science. 2003 May 2;300(5620):767-72. Epub 2003 Apr 10. [PubMed ]
Villacres EC, Xia Z, Bookbinder LH, Edelhoff S, Disteche CM, Storm DR: Cloning, chromosomal mapping, and expression of human fetal brain type I adenylyl cyclase. Genomics. 1993 May;16(2):473-8. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 77 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 78 [top]

Enzyme 78 ID

6007

Enzyme 78 Name

Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase B

Enzyme 78 Synonyms

CCT-beta
CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase B
CCT B
CT B
Phosphorylcholine transferase B

Enzyme 78 Gene Name

PCYT1B

Enzyme 78 Protein Sequence

>Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase B

MPVVTTDAESETGIPKSLSNEPPSETMEEIEHTCPQPRLTLTAPAPFADETNCQCQAPHE
KLTIAQARLGTPADRPVRVYADGIFDLFHSGHARALMQAKTLFPNSYLLVGVCSDDLTHK
FKGFTVMNEAERYEALRHCRYVDEVIRDAPWTLTPEFLEKHKIDFVAHDDIPYSSAGSDD
VYKHIKEAGMFVPTQRTEGISTSDIITRIVRDYDVYARRNLQRGYTAKELNVSFINEKRY
RFQNQVDKMKEKVKNVEERSKEFVNRVEEKSHDLIQKWEEKSREFIGNFLELFGPDGAWK
QMFQERSSRMLQALSPKQSPVSSPTRSRSPSRSPSPTFSWLPLKTSPPSSPKAASASISS
MSEGDEDEK

Enzyme 78 Number of Residues

369

Enzyme 78 Molecular Weight

41939.8

Enzyme 78 Theoretical pI

6.36

Enzyme 78 GO Classification

Function
catalytic activity nucleotidyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
biosynthetic process metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 78 General Function

Involved in catalytic activity

Enzyme 78 Specific Function

Controls phosphatidylcholine synthesis

Enzyme 78 Pathways

Aminophosphonate metabolism (map00440 )
Phospholipid Synthesis (map00564 )

Enzyme 78 Reactions

CTP + choline phosphate = diphosphate + CDP-choline [RN:R01890]

Enzyme 78 Pfam Domain Function

CTP_transf_2 (PF01467 )

Enzyme 78 Signals

None

Enzyme 78 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 78 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 78 GenBank ID Protein

21361202

Enzyme 78 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q9Y5K3

Enzyme 78 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

PCY1B_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 78 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 78 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 78 Gene Sequence

>1110 bp

ATGCCAGTAGTTACCACTGATGCTGAGTCAGAAACAGGTATCCCAAAATCCCTTTCCAAT
GAGCCTCCCTCAGAAACCATGGAGGAAATAGAGCACACATGCCCACAGCCTCGACTGACC
CTGACTGCACCTGCCCCATTTGCTGATGAAACCAACTGCCAGTGTCAAGCACCCCATGAA
AAACTGACCATTGCTCAGGCCCGCTTAGGAACACCAGCTGACAGGCCTGTCAGAGTATAC
GCCGATGGAATATTTGACCTCTTCCACTCAGGTCATGCAAGAGCCCTTATGCAAGCAAAA
ACACTGTTTCCCAACAGCTACTTGTTGGTAGGAGTTTGCAGTGATGATCTCACCCACAAA
TTCAAAGGTTTCACCGTGATGAATGAAGCCGAGAGATACGAAGCTCTCAGACACTGTCGC
TACGTAGACGAAGTTATCAGAGATGCTCCCTGGACACTCACGCCAGAGTTTCTGGAAAAA
CACAAGATTGACTTTGTGGCTCATGATGACATTCCGTATTCCTCTGCTGGCTCTGATGAT
GTTTACAAGCACATAAAGGAAGCAGGGATGTTCGTTCCAACGCAGAGAACAGAAGGCATC
TCAACATCGGACATCATTACCAGAATTGTTCGTGACTATGATGTTTATGCCCGACGTAAC
CTCCAGAGAGGGTATACAGCCAAGGAACTGAATGTCAGCTTTATAAATGAGAAGAGGTAC
CGTTTCCAGAACCAAGTGGACAAAATGAAGGAAAAAGTCAAGAATGTGGAGGAAAGATCA
AAGGAATTTGTGAACAGAGTGGAAGAAAAGAGCCATGATCTAATTCAAAAGTGGGAAGAG
AAGTCAAGGGAATTCATTGGCAACTTCCTAGAACTGTTTGGACCTGATGGAGCATGGAAG
CAGATGTTCCAGGAGAGGAGCAGCCGGATGCTGCAGGCCTTATCCCCGAAGCAGAGCCCT
GTGAGCAGCCCAACCCGGAGCCGGTCCCCTTCCCGCTCCCCATCGCCCACCTTCTCATGG
CTTCCACTCAAAACCTCACCCCCTTCCTCACCCAAAGCAGCCTCAGCCTCTATCAGCAGC
ATGAGCGAGGGGGATGAGGATGAAAAGTAG

Enzyme 78 GenBank Gene ID

NM_004845.4 Link Image

Enzyme 78 GeneCard ID

PCYT1B

Enzyme 78 GenAtlas ID

PCYT1B

Enzyme 78 HGNC ID

HGNC:8755

Enzyme 78 Chromosome Location

Not Available

Enzyme 78 Locus

Not Available

Enzyme 78 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 78 General References

Lykidis A, Murti KG, Jackowski S: Cloning and characterization of a second human CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase. J Biol Chem. 1998 May 29;273(22):14022-9. [PubMed ]
Lykidis A, Baburina I, Jackowski S: Distribution of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT) isoforms. Identification of a new CCTbeta splice variant. J Biol Chem. 1999 Sep 17;274(38):26992-7001. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Daub H, Olsen JV, Bairlein M, Gnad F, Oppermann FS, Korner R, Greff Z, Keri G, Stemmann O, Mann M: Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle. Mol Cell. 2008 Aug 8;31(3):438-48. [PubMed ]
Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 78 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 79 [top]

Enzyme 79 ID

6011

Enzyme 79 Name

DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC4

Enzyme 79 Synonyms

RNA polymerase III subunit C4
DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit D
Protein BN51
RNA polymerase III 47 kDa subunit
RPC53 homolog

Enzyme 79 Gene Name

POLR3D

Enzyme 79 Protein Sequence

>DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC4

MSEGNAAGEPSTPGGPRPLLTGARGLIGRRPAPPLTPGRLPSIRSRDLTLGGVKKKTFTP
NIISRKIKEEPKEEVTVKKEKRERDRDRQREGHGRGRGRPEVIQSHSIFEQGPAEMMKKK
GNWDKTVDVSDMGPSHIINIKKEKRETDEETKQILRMLEKDDFLDDPGLRNDTRNMPVQL
PLAHSGWLFKEENDEPDVKPWLAGPKEEDMEVDIPAVKVKEEPRDEEEEAKMKAPPKAAR
KTPGLPKDVSVAELLRELSLTKEEELLFLQLPDTLPGQPPTQDIKPIKTEVQGEDGQVVL
IKQEKDREAKLAENACTLADLTEGQVGKLLIRKSGRVQLLLGKVTLDVTMGTACSFLQEL
VSVGLGDSRTGEMTVLGHVKHKLVCSPDFESLLDHKHR

Enzyme 79 Number of Residues

398

Enzyme 79 Molecular Weight

44395.5

Enzyme 79 Theoretical pI

6.97

Enzyme 79 GO Classification

Function
DNA binding DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity RNA polymerase activity binding catalytic activity nucleic acid binding nucleotidyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule biosynthetic process metabolic process transcription transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter transcription, DNA-dependent
Component
DNA-directed RNA polymerase III complex intracellular organelle part nuclear part nucleoplasm part organelle part

Enzyme 79 General Function

Involved in DNA binding

Enzyme 79 Specific Function

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Specific peripheric component of RNA polymerase III which synthesizes small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs. Plays a key role in sensing and limiting infection by intracellular bacteria and DNA viruses. Acts as nuclear and cytosolic DNA sensor involved in innate immune response. Can sense non-self dsDNA that serves as template for transcription into dsRNA. The non-self RNA polymerase III transcripts, such as Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNAs (EBERs) induce type I interferon and NF- Kappa-B through the RIG-I pathway

Enzyme 79 Pathways

Purine Metabolism (map00230 )
Pyrimidine Metabolism (map00240 )
RNA polymerase (map03020 )

Enzyme 79 Reactions

Not Available

Enzyme 79 Pfam Domain Function

RNA_pol_Rpc4 (PF05132 )

Enzyme 79 Signals

None

Enzyme 79 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 79 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 79 GenBank ID Protein

55769552

Enzyme 79 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P05423

Enzyme 79 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

RPC4_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 79 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 79 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 79 Gene Sequence

>1197 bp

ATGTCGGAAGGAAACGCCGCCGGCGAGCCCAGCACGCCGGGAGGGCCCCGACCTCTCCTG
ACTGGGGCCCGGGGGCTCATCGGGCGGCGGCCGGCGCCTCCCCTCACCCCCGGCCGCCTT
CCCTCCATCCGTTCCAGGGACCTCACCCTCGGGGGAGTCAAGAAGAAAACCTTCACCCCA
AATATCATCAGTCGGAAGATCAAGGAAGAGCCCAAGGAAGAAGTAACTGTCAAGAAGGAG
AAGCGTGAAAGGGACAGAGACCGACAACGAGAGGGGCATGGACGAGGGCGAGGCCGTCCA
GAAGTGATCCAGTCTCACTCCATCTTTGAGCAGGGCCCAGCTGAAATGATGAAGAAAAAA
GGGAACTGGGATAAGACAGTGGATGTGTCAGACATGGGACCTTCTCATATCATCAACATC
AAAAAAGAGAAGAGAGAGACAGACGAAGAAACTAAACAGATCTTGCGTATGCTGGAGAAG
GACGATTTCCTCGATGACCCCGGCCTGAGGAACGACACTCGAAATATGCCTGTGCAGCTG
CCGCTGGCTCACTCAGGATGGCTTTTTAAGGAAGAAAATGACGAACCAGATGTTAAACCT
TGGCTGGCTGGCCCCAAGGAAGAGGACATGGAGGTGGACATACCTGCTGTGAAAGTGAAA
GAGGAGCCACGAGATGAGGAGGAAGAGGCCAAGATGAAGGCTCCTCCCAAAGCAGCCAGG
AAGACTCCAGGCCTCCCGAAGGATGTATCTGTGGCAGAGCTGCTGAGGGAGCTGAGCCTC
ACCAAGGAAGAGGAACTGCTGTTTCTGCAGCTGCCAGACACCCTCCCTGGCCAGCCACCC
ACCCAGGACATCAAGCCTATCAAGACAGAGGTGCAGGGCGAGGACGGACAGGTGGTGCTC
ATCAAGCAGGAGAAAGACCGAGAAGCCAAATTGGCAGAGAATGCTTGTACCCTGGCTGAC
CTGACAGAGGGTCAGGTTGGCAAGCTACTCATCCGCAAGTCTGGAAGGGTGCAACTCCTC
TTGGGCAAGGTGACTCTGGACGTGACCATGGGAACTGCCTGCTCCTTCCTGCAGGAGCTG
GTGTCCGTGGGCCTTGGAGACAGTAGGACAGGGGAGATGACAGTCCTGGGACACGTGAAG
CACAAACTTGTATGTTCCCCTGATTTTGAATCCCTCTTGGATCACAAACACCGGTAA

Enzyme 79 GenBank Gene ID

NM_001722.2 Link Image

Enzyme 79 GeneCard ID

POLR3D

Enzyme 79 GenAtlas ID

POLR3D

Enzyme 79 HGNC ID

HGNC:1080

Enzyme 79 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 79 Locus

8q21

Enzyme 79 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 79 General References

Ittmann M, Greco A, Basilico C: Isolation of the human gene that complements a temperature-sensitive cell cycle mutation in BHK cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Oct;7(10):3386-93. [PubMed ]
Hu P, Wu S, Sun Y, Yuan CC, Kobayashi R, Myers MP, Hernandez N: Characterization of human RNA polymerase III identifies orthologues for Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase III subunits. Mol Cell Biol. 2002 Nov;22(22):8044-55. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Chong SS, Hu P, Hernandez N: Reconstitution of transcription from the human U6 small nuclear RNA promoter with eight recombinant polypeptides and a partially purified RNA polymerase III complex. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jun 8;276(23):20727-34. Epub 2001 Feb 27. [PubMed ]
Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed ]
Chiu YH, Macmillan JB, Chen ZJ: RNA polymerase III detects cytosolic DNA and induces type I interferons through the RIG-I pathway. Cell. 2009 Aug 7;138(3):576-91. Epub 2009 Jul 23. [PubMed ]
Ablasser A, Bauernfeind F, Hartmann G, Latz E, Fitzgerald KA, Hornung V: RIG-I-dependent sensing of poly(dA:dT) through the induction of an RNA polymerase III-transcribed RNA intermediate. Nat Immunol. 2009 Oct;10(10):1065-72. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 79 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 80 [top]

Enzyme 80 ID

6014

Enzyme 80 Name

DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1

Enzyme 80 Synonyms

RNA polymerase II subunit B1
DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit A
DNA-directed RNA polymerase III largest subunit
RNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1

Enzyme 80 Gene Name

POLR2A

Enzyme 80 Protein Sequence

>DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1

MHGGGPPSGDSACPLRTIKRVQFGVLSPDELKRMSVTEGGIKYPETTEGGRPKLGGLMDP
RQGVIERTGRCQTCAGNMTECPGHFGHIELAKPVFHVGFLVKTMKVLRCVCFFCSKLLVD
SNNPKIKDILAKSKGQPKKRLTHVYDLCKGKNICEGGEEMDNKFGVEQPEGDEDLTKEKG
HGGCGRYQPRIRRSGLELYAEWKHVNEDSQEKKILLSPERVHEIFKRISDEECFVLGMEP
RYARPEWMIVTVLPVPPLSVRPAVVMQGSARNQDDLTHKLADIVKINNQLRRNEQNGAAA
HVIAEDVKLLQFHVATMVDNELPGLPRAMQKSGRPLKSLKQRLKGKEGRVRGNLMGKRVD
FSARTVITPDPNLSIDQVGVPRSIAANMTFAEIVTPFNIDRLQELVRRGNSQYPGAKYII
RDNGDRIDLRFHPKPSDLHLQTGYKVERHMCDGDIVIFNRQPTLHKMSMMGHRVRILPWS
TFRLNLSVTTPYNADFDGDEMNLHLPQSLETRAEIQELAMVPRMIVTPQSNRPVMGIVQD
TLTAVRKFTKRDVFLERGEVMNLLMFLSTWDGKVPQPAILKPRPLWTGKQIFSLIIPGHI
NCIRTHSTHPDDEDSGPYKHISPGDTKVVVENGELIMGILCKKSLGTSAGSLVHISYLEM
GHDITRLFYSNIQTVINNWLLIEGHTIGIGDSIADSKTYQDIQNTIKKAKQDVIEVIEKA
HNNELEPTPGNTLRQTFENQVNRILNDARDKTGSSAQKSLSEYNNFKSMVVSGAKGSKIN
ISQVIAVVGQQNVEGKRIPFGFKHRTLPHFIKDDYGPESRGFVENSYLAGLTPTEFFFHA
MGGREGLIDTAVKTAETGYIQRRLIKSMESVMVKYDATVRNSINQVVQLRYGEDGLAGES
VEFQNLATLKPSNKAFEKKFRFDYTNERALRRTLQEDLVKDVLSNAHIQNELEREFERMR
EDREVLRVIFPTGDSKVVLPCNLLRMIWNAQKIFHINPRLPSDLHPIKVVEGVKELSKKL
VIVNGDDPLSRQAQENATLLFNIHLRSTLCSRRMAEEFRLSGEAFDWLLGEIESKFNQAI
AHPGEMVGALAAQSLGEPATQMTLNTFHYAGVSAKNVTLGVPRLKELINISKKPKTPSLT
VFLLGQSARDAERAKDILCRLEHTTLRKVTANTAIYYDPNPQSTVVAEDQEWVNVYYEMP
DFDVARISPWLLRVELDRKHMTDRKLTMEQIAEKINAGFGDDLNCIFNDDNAEKLVLRIR
IMNSDENKMQEEEEVVDKMDDDVFLRCIESNMLTDMTLQGIEQISKVYMHLPQTDNKKKI
IITEDGEFKALQEWILETDGVSLMRVLSEKDVDPVRTTSNDIVEIFTVLGIEAVRKALER
ELYHVISFDGSYVNYRHLALLCDTMTCRGHLMAITRHGVNRQDTGPLMKCSFEETVDVLM
EAAAHGESDPMKGVSENIMLGQLAPAGTGCFDLLLDAEKCKYGMEIPTNIPGLGAAGPTG
MFFGSAPSPMGGISPAMTPWNQGATPAYGAWSPSVGSGMTPGAAGFSPSAASDASGFSPG
YSPAWSPTPGSPGSPGPSSPYIPSPGGAMSPSYSPTSPAYEPRSPGGYTPQSPSYSPTSP
SYSPTSPSYSPTSPNYSPTSPSYSPTSPSYSPTSPSYSPTSPSYSPTSPSYSPTSPSYSP
TSPSYSPTSPSYSPTSPSYSPTSPSYSPTSPSYSPTSPSYSPTSPSYSPTSPSYSPTSPS
YSPTSPNYSPTSPNYTPTSPSYSPTSPSYSPTSPNYTPTSPNYSPTSPSYSPTSPSYSPT
SPSYSPSSPRYTPQSPTYTPSSPSYSPSSPSYSPASPKYTPTSPSYSPSSPEYTPTSPKY
SPTSPKYSPTSPKYSPTSPTYSPTTPKYSPTSPTYSPTSPVYTPTSPKYSPTSPTYSPTS
PKYSPTSPTYSPTSPKGSTYSPTSPGYSPTSPTYSLTSPAISPDDSDEEN

Enzyme 80 Number of Residues

1970

Enzyme 80 Molecular Weight

217174.2

Enzyme 80 Theoretical pI

7.38

Enzyme 80 GO Classification

Function
DNA binding DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity RNA polymerase activity binding catalytic activity nucleic acid binding nucleotidyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule biosynthetic process metabolic process transcription transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter transcription, DNA-dependent
Component
DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, core complex intracellular organelle part nuclear part nucleoplasm part organelle part

Enzyme 80 General Function

Involved in DNA binding

Enzyme 80 Specific Function

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Largest and catalytic component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Forms the polymerase active center together with the second largest subunit. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB1 is part of the core element with the central large cleft, the clamp element that moves to open and close the cleft and the jaws that are thought to grab the incoming DNA template. At the start of transcription, a single stranded DNA template strand of the promoter is positioned within the central active site cleft of Pol II. A bridging helix emanates from RPB1 and crosses the cleft near the catalytic site and is thought to promote translocation of Pol II by acting as a ratchet that moves the RNA-DNA hybrid through the active site by switching from straight to bent conformations at each step of nucleotide addition. During transcription elongation, Pol II moves on the template as the transcript elongates. Elongation is influenced by the phosphorylation status of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of Pol II largest subunit (RPB1), which serves as a platform for assembly of factors that regulate transcription initiation, elongation, termination and mRNA processing. Acts as a RNA- dependent RNA polymerase when associated with small delta antigen of Hepatitis delta virus, acting both as a replicate and transcriptase for the viral RNA circular genome

Enzyme 80 Pathways

Purine Metabolism (map00230 )
Pyrimidine Metabolism (map00240 )
RNA polymerase (map03020 )

Enzyme 80 Reactions

nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn = diphosphate + RNAn+1 [RN:R00444]

Enzyme 80 Pfam Domain Function

RNA_pol_Rpb1_1 (PF04997 )
RNA_pol_Rpb1_2 (PF00623 )
RNA_pol_Rpb1_3 (PF04983 )
RNA_pol_Rpb1_4 (PF05000 )
RNA_pol_Rpb1_5 (PF04998 )
RNA_pol_Rpb1_6 (PF04992 )
RNA_pol_Rpb1_7 (PF04990 )
RNA_pol_Rpb1_R (PF05001 )

Enzyme 80 Signals

None

Enzyme 80 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 80 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 80 GenBank ID Protein

36124

Enzyme 80 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P24928

Enzyme 80 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

RPB1_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 80 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 80 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 80 Gene Sequence

>5913 bp

ATGCACGGGGGTGGCCCCCCCTCGGGGGACAGCGCATGCCCGCTGCGCACCATCAAGAGA
GTCCAGTTCGGAGTCCTGAGTCCGGATGAACTGAAGCGAATGTCTGTGACGGAGGGTGGC
ATCAAATACCCAGAGACGACTGAGGGAGGCCGCCCCAAGCTTGGGGGGCTGATGGACCCG
AGGCAGGGGGTGATTGAGCGGACTGGCCGCTGCCAAACATGTGCAGGAAACATGACAGAG
TGTCCTGGCCACTTTGGCCACATTGAACTGGCCAAGCCTGTGTTTCACGTGGGCTTCCTG
GTGAAGACAATGAAAGTTTTGCGCTGTGTCTGCTTCTTCTGCTCCAAACTGCTTGTGGAC
TCTAACAACCCAAAGATCAAGGATATCCTGGCTAAGTCCAAGGGACAGCCCAAGAAGCGG
CTCACACATGTCTACGACCTTTGCAAGGGCAAAAACATATGCGAGGGTGGGGAGGAGATG
GACAACAAGTTCGGTGTGGAACAACCTGAGGGTGACGAGGATCTGACCAAAGAAAAGGGC
CATGGTGGCTGTGGGCGGTACCAGCCCAGGATCCGGCGTTCTGGCCTAGAGCTGTATGCG
GAATGGAAGCACGTTAATGAGGACTCTCAGGAGAAGAAGATCCTGCTGAGTCCAGAGCGA
GTGCATGAGATCTTCAAACGCATCTCAGATGAGGAGTGTTTTGTGCTGGGCATGGAGCCC
CGCTATGCACGGCCAGAGTGGATGATTGTCACAGTGCTGCCTGTGCCCCCGCTCTCCGTG
CGGCCTGCTGTTGTGATGCAGGGCTCTGCCCGTAACCAGGATGACCTGACTCACAAACTG
GCTGACATCGTGAAGATCAACAATCAGCTGCGGCGCAATGAGCAGAACGGCGCAGCGGCC
CATGTCATTGCAGAGGATGTGAAGCTCCTCCAGTTCCATGTGGCCACCATGGTGGACAAT
GAGCTGCCTGGCTTGCCCCGTGCCATGCAGAAGTCTGGGCGTCCCCTCAAGTCCCTGAAG
CAGCGGTTGAAGGGCAAGGAAGGCCGGGTGCGAGGGAACCTGATGGGCAAAAGAGTGGAC
TTCTCGGCCCGTACTGTCATCACCCCCGACCCCAACCTCTCCATTGACCAGGTTGGCGTG
CCCCGCTCCATTGCTGCCAACATGACCTTTGCGGAGATTGTCACCCCCTTCAACATTGAC
AGACTTCAAGAACTAGTGCGCAGGGGGAACAGTCAGTACCCAGGCGCCAAGTACATCATC
CGAGACAATGGTGATCGCATTGACTTGCGTTTCCACCCCAAGCCCAGTGACCTTCACCTG
CAGACCGGCTATAAGGTGGAACGGCACATGTGTGATGGGGACATTGTTATCTTCAACCGG
CAGCCAACTCTGCACAAAATGTCCATGATGGGGCATCGGGTCCGCATTCTCCCATGGTCT
ACCTTTCGCTTGAATCTTAGCGTGACAACTCCGTACAATGCAGACTTTGACGGGGATGAG
ATGAACTTGCACCTGCCACAGTCTCTGGAGACGCGAGCAGAGATCCAGGAGCTGGCCATG
GTTCCTCGCATGATTGTCACCCCCCAGAGCAATCGGCCTGTCATGGGTATTGTGCAGGAC
ACACTCACAGCAGTGCGCAAATTCACCAAGAGAGACGTCTTCCTGGAGCGGGGTGAAGTG
ATGAACCTCCTGATGTTCCTGTCGACGTGGGATGGGAAGGTCCCACAGCCGGCCATCCTA
AAGCCCCGGCCCCTGTGGACAGGCAAGCAAATCTTCTCCCTCATCATACCTGGTCACATC
AATTGTATCCGTACCCACAGCACCCATCCCGATGATGAAGACAGTGGCCCTTACAAGCAC
ATCTCTCCTGGGGACACCAAGGTGGTGGTGGAGAATGGGGAGCTGATCATGGGCATCCTG
TGTAAGAAGTCTCTGGGCACGTCAGCTGGCTCCCTGGTCCACATCTCCTACCTAGAGATG
GGTCATGACATCACTCGCCTCTTCTACTCCAACATTCAGACTGTCATTAACAACTGGCTC
CTCATCGAGGGTCATACTATTGGCATTGGGGACTCCATTGCTGATTCTAAGACTTACCAG
GACATTCAGAACACTATTAAGAAGGCCAAGCAGGACGTAATAGAGGTCATCGAGAAGGCA
CACAACAATGAGCTGGAGCCCACCCCAGGGAACACTCTGCGGCAGACGTTTGAGAATCAG
GTGAACCGCATTCTTAACGATGCCCGAGACAAGACTGGCTCCTCTGCTCAGAAATCCCTG
TCTGAATACAACAACTTCAAGTCTATGGTCGTGTCCGGAGCTAAAGGTTCCAAGATTAAC
ATCTCCCAGGTCATTGCTGTCGTTGGACAGCAGAACGTCGAGGGCAAGCGGATTCCATTT
GGCTTCAAGCACCGGACTCTGCCTCACTTCATCAAGGATGACTACGGGCCTGAGAGCCGT
GGCTTTGTGGAGAACTCCTACCTAGCCGGCCTCACACCCACTGAGTTCTTTTTCCACGCC
ATGGGGGGTCGTGAGGGGCTCATTGACACGGCTGTCAAGACTGCTGAGACTGGATACATC
CAGCGGCGGCTGATCAAGTCCATGGAGTCAGTGATGGTGAAGTACGACGCGACTGTGCGG
AACTCCATCAACCAGGTGGTGCAGCTGCGCTACGGCGAAGACGGCCTGGCAGGCGAGAGC
GTTGAGTTCCAGAACCTGGCTACGCTTAAGCCTTCCAACAAGGCTTTTGAGAAGAAGTTC
CGCTTTGATTATACCAATGAGAGGGCCCTGCGGCGCACTCTGCAGGAGGACCTGGTGAAG
GACGTGCTGAGCAACGCACACATCCAGAACGAGTTGGAGCGGGAATTTGAGCGGATGCGG
GAGGATCGGGAGGTGCTCAGGGTCATCTTCCCAACTGGAGACAGCAAGGTCGTCCTCCCC
TGTAACCTGCTGCGGATGATCTGGAATGCTCAGAAAATCTTCCACATCAACCCACGCCTT
CCCTCCGACCTGCACCCCATCAAAGTGGTGGAGGGAGTCAAGGAATTGAGCAAGAAGCTG
GTGATTGTGAATGGGGATGACCCACTAAGTCGACAGGCCCAGGAAAATGCCACGCTGCTC
TTCAACATCCACCTGCGGTCCACGTTGTGTTCCCGCCGCATGGCAGAGGAGTTTCGGCTC
AGTGGGGAGGCCTTCGACTGGCTGCTTGGGGAGATTGAGTCCAAGTTCAACCAAGCCATT
GCGCATCCCGGGGAAATGGTGGGGGCTCTGGCTGCGCAGTCCCTTGGAGAACCTGCCACC
CAGATGACCTTGAATACCTTCCACTATGCTGGTGTGTCTGCCAAGAATGTGACGCTGGGT
GTGCCCCGACTTAAGGAGCTCATCAACATTTCCAAGAAGCCAAAGACTCCTTCGCTTACT
GTCTTCCTGTTGGGCCAGTCCGCTCGAGATGCTGAGAGAGCCAAGGATATTCTGTGCCGT
CTGGAGCATACAACGTTGAGGAAGGTGACTGCCAACACAGCCATCTACTATGACCCCAAC
CCCCAGAGCACGGTGGTGGCAGAGGATCAGGAATGGGTGAATGTCTACTATGAAATGCCT
GACTTTGATGTGGCCCGAATCTCCCCCTGGCTGTTGCGGGTGGAGCTGGATCGGAAGCAC
ATGACTGACCGGAAGCTCACCATGGAGCAGATTGCTGAAAAGATCAATGCTGGTTTTGGT
GACGACTTGAACTGCATCTTTAATGATGACAATGCAGAGAAGCTGGTGCTCCGTATTCGC
ATCATGAACAGCGATGAGAACAAGATGCAAGAGGAGGAAGAGGTGGTGGACAAGATGGAT
GATGATGTCTTCCTGCGCTGCATCGAGTCCAACATGCTGACAGATATGACCCTGCAGGGC
ATCGAGCAGATCAGCAAGGTGTACATGCACTTGCCACAGACAGACAACAAGAAGAAGATC
ATCATCACGGAGGATGGGGAATTCAAGGCCCTGCAGGAGTGGATCCTGGAGACGGACGGC
GTGAGCTTGATGCGGGTGCTGAGTGAGAAGGACGTGGACCCCGTACGCACCACGTCCAAT
GACATTGTGGAGATCTTCACGGTGCTGGGCATTGAAGCCGTGCGGAAGGCCCTGGAGCGG
GAGCTGTACCACGTCATCTCCTTTGATGGCTCCTATGTCAATTACCGACACTTGGCTCTC
TTGTGTGATACCATGACCTGTCGTGGCCACTTGATGGCCATCACCCGACACGGAGTCAAC
CGCCAGGACACAGGACCACTCATGAAGTGTTCCTTTGAGGAAACGGTGGACGTGCTTATG
GAAGCAGCCGCACACGGTGAGAGTGACCCCATGAAGGGGGTCTCTGAGAATATCATGCTG
GGCCAGCTGGCTCCGGCCGGCACTGGCTGCTTTGACCTCCTGCTTGATGCAGAGAAGTGC
AAGTATGGCATGGAGATCCCCACCAATATCCCCGGCCTGGGGGCTGCTGGACCCACCGGC
ATGTTCTTTGGTTCAGCACCCAGTCCCATGGGTGGAATCTCTCCTGCCATGACACCTTGG
AACCAGGGTGCAACCCCTGCCTATGGCGCCTGGTCCCCCAGTGTTGGGAGTGGAATGACC
CCAGGGGCAGCCGGTTTCTCTCCCAGTGCTGCGTCAGATGCCAGCGGCTTCAGCCCAGGT
TACTCCCCTGCCTGGTCTCCCACACCGGGCTCCCCGGGGTCCCCAGGTCCCTCAAGCCCC
TACATCCCTTCACCAGGTGGCGCCATGTCTCCCAGCTACTCGCCAACGTCACCTGCCTAC
GAGCCCCGCTCTCCTGGGGGCTACACACCCCAGAGTCCCTCTTATTCCCCCACTTCACCC
TCCTACTCCCCTACCTCTCCATCCTATTCTCCAACCAGTCCCAACTATAGTCCCACATCA
CCCAGCTATTCGCCAACGTCACCCAGCTACTCACCGACCTCTCCCAGCTACTCACCCACC
TCTCCCAGCTACTCGCCCACCTCTCCCAGCTATTCGCCCACCTCTCCCAGCTACTCACCC
ACTTCCCCTAGCTATTCGCCCACTTCCCCTAGCTACTCGCCAACGTCTCCCAGCTACTCG
CCGACATCTCCCAGCTACTCGCCAACTTCACCCAGCTATTCTCCCACTTCTCCCAGCTAC
TCACCTACCTCTCCAAGCTATTCACCCACCTCCCCCAGCTACTCACCCACTTCCCCAAGT
TACTCACCCACCAGCCCGAACTATTCTCCAACCAGTCCCAATTACACCCCAACATCACCC
AGCTACAGCCCGACATCACCCAGCTATTCCCCTACTAGTCCCAACTACACACCTACCAGC
CCTAACTACAGCCCAACCTCTCCAAGCTACTCTCCAACATCACCCAGCTATTCCCCGACC
TCACCAAGTTACTCCCCTTCCAGCCCACGATACACACCACAGTCTCCAACCTATACCCCA
AGCTCACCCAGCTACAGCCCCAGTTCGCCCAGCTACAGCCCAACCTCACCCAAGTACACC
CCAACCAGTCCTTCTTATAGTCCCAGCTCCCCAGAGTATACCCCAACCTCTCCCAAGTAC
TCACCTACCAGTCCCAAATATTCACCCACCTCTCCCAAGTACTCGCCTACCAGTCCCACC
TATTCACCCACCACCCCAAAATACTCCCCAACATCTCCTACTTATTCCCCAACCTCTCCA
GTCTACACCCCAACCTCTCCCAAGTACTCACCTACTAGCCCCACTTACTCGCCCACTTCC
CCCAAGTACTCGCCCACCAGCCCCACCTACTCGCCCACCTCCCCCAAAGGCTCAACCTAC
TCTCCCACTTCCCCTGGTTACTCGCCCACCAGCCCCACCTACAGTCTCACAAGCCCGGCT
ATCAGCCCGGATGACAGTGACGAGGAGAACTGA

Enzyme 80 GenBank Gene ID

X63564

Enzyme 80 GeneCard ID

POLR2A

Enzyme 80 GenAtlas ID

POLR2A

Enzyme 80 HGNC ID

HGNC:9187

Enzyme 80 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 80 Locus

17p13.1

Enzyme 80 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 80 General References

Wintzerith M, Acker J, Vicaire S, Vigneron M, Kedinger C: Complete sequence of the human RNA polymerase II largest subunit. Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Feb 25;20(4):910. [PubMed ]
Mita K, Tsuji H, Morimyo M, Takahashi E, Nenoi M, Ichimura S, Yamauchi M, Hongo E, Hayashi A: The human gene encoding the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. Gene. 1995 Jul 4;159(2):285-6. [PubMed ]
Zody MC, Garber M, Adams DJ, Sharpe T, Harrow J, Lupski JR, Nicholson C, Searle SM, Wilming L, Young SK, Abouelleil A, Allen NR, Bi W, Bloom T, Borowsky ML, Bugalter BE, Butler J, Chang JL, Chen CK, Cook A, Corum B, Cuomo CA, de Jong PJ, DeCaprio D, Dewar K, FitzGerald M, Gilbert J, Gibson R, Gnerre S, Goldstein S, Grafham DV, Grocock R, Hafez N, Hagopian DS, Hart E, Norman CH, Humphray S, Jaffe DB, Jones M, Kamal M, Khodiyar VK, LaButti K, Laird G, Lehoczky J, Liu X, Lokyitsang T, Loveland J, Lui A, Macdonald P, Major JE, Matthews L, Mauceli E, McCarroll SA, Mihalev AH, Mudge J, Nguyen C, Nicol R, O'Leary SB, Osoegawa K, Schwartz DC, Shaw-Smith C, Stankiewicz P, Steward C, Swarbreck D, Venkataraman V, Whittaker CA, Yang X, Zimmer AR, Bradley A, Hubbard T, Birren BW, Rogers J, Lander ES, Nusbaum C: DNA sequence of human chromosome 17 and analysis of rearrangement in the human lineage. Nature. 2006 Apr 20;440(7087):1045-9. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Kershnar E, Wu SY, Chiang CM: Immunoaffinity purification and functional characterization of human transcription factor IIH and RNA polymerase II from clonal cell lines that conditionally express epitope-tagged subunits of the multiprotein complexes. J Biol Chem. 1998 Dec 18;273(51):34444-53. [PubMed ]
Nayler O, Stratling W, Bourquin JP, Stagljar I, Lindemann L, Jasper H, Hartmann AM, Fackelmayer FO, Ullrich A, Stamm S: SAF-B protein couples transcription and pre-mRNA splicing to SAR/MAR elements. Nucleic Acids Res. 1998 Aug 1;26(15):3542-9. [PubMed ]
Parada CA, Roeder RG: A novel RNA polymerase II-containing complex potentiates Tat-enhanced HIV-1 transcription. EMBO J. 1999 Jul 1;18(13):3688-701. [PubMed ]
Kim JB, Yamaguchi Y, Wada T, Handa H, Sharp PA: Tat-SF1 protein associates with RAP30 and human SPT5 proteins. Mol Cell Biol. 1999 Sep;19(9):5960-8. [PubMed ]
Allen M, Friedler A, Schon O, Bycroft M: The structure of an FF domain from human HYPA/FBP11. J Mol Biol. 2002 Oct 25;323(3):411-6. [PubMed ]
Carty SM, Greenleaf AL: Hyperphosphorylated C-terminal repeat domain-associating proteins in the nuclear proteome link transcription to DNA/chromatin modification and RNA processing. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2002 Aug;1(8):598-610. [PubMed ]
Yang L, Li N, Wang C, Yu Y, Yuan L, Zhang M, Cao X: Cyclin L2, a novel RNA polymerase II-associated cyclin, is involved in pre-mRNA splicing and induces apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Biol Chem. 2004 Mar 19;279(12):11639-48. Epub 2003 Dec 17. [PubMed ]
Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, Elias JE, Villen J, Li J, Cohn MA, Cantley LC, Gygi SP: Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Aug 17;101(33):12130-5. Epub 2004 Aug 9. [PubMed ]
Katsarou ME, Papakyriakou A, Katsaros N, Scorilas A: Expression of the C-terminal domain of novel human SR-A1 protein: interaction with the CTD domain of RNA polymerase II. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Aug 19;334(1):61-8. [PubMed ]
Sun XJ, Wei J, Wu XY, Hu M, Wang L, Wang HH, Zhang QH, Chen SJ, Huang QH, Chen Z: Identification and characterization of a novel human histone H3 lysine 36-specific methyltransferase. J Biol Chem. 2005 Oct 21;280(42):35261-71. Epub 2005 Aug 22. [PubMed ]
Rush J, Moritz A, Lee KA, Guo A, Goss VL, Spek EJ, Zhang H, Zha XM, Polakiewicz RD, Comb MJ: Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2005 Jan;23(1):94-101. Epub 2004 Dec 12. [PubMed ]
Li M, Phatnani HP, Guan Z, Sage H, Greenleaf AL, Zhou P: Solution structure of the Set2-Rpb1 interacting domain of human Set2 and its interaction with the hyperphosphorylated C-terminal domain of Rpb1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Dec 6;102(49):17636-41. Epub 2005 Nov 28. [PubMed ]
Moniaux N, Nemos C, Schmied BM, Chauhan SC, Deb S, Morikane K, Choudhury A, Vanlith M, Sutherlin M, Sikela JM, Hollingsworth MA, Batra SK: The human homologue of the RNA polymerase II-associated factor 1 (hPaf1), localized on the 19q13 amplicon, is associated with tumorigenesis. Oncogene. 2006 Jun 1;25(23):3247-57. Epub 2006 Feb 20. [PubMed ]
Imami K, Sugiyama N, Kyono Y, Tomita M, Ishihama Y: Automated phosphoproteome analysis for cultured cancer cells by two-dimensional nanoLC-MS using a calcined titania/C18 biphasic column. Anal Sci. 2008 Jan;24(1):161-6. [PubMed ]
Haline-Vaz T, Silva TC, Zanchin NI: The human interferon-regulated ISG95 protein interacts with RNA polymerase II and shows methyltransferase activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Aug 8;372(4):719-24. Epub 2008 Jun 3. [PubMed ]
Becker R, Loll B, Meinhart A: Snapshots of the RNA processing factor SCAF8 bound to different phosphorylated forms of the carboxyl-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. J Biol Chem. 2008 Aug 15;283(33):22659-69. Epub 2008 Jun 11. [PubMed ]
Chang J, Nie X, Chang HE, Han Z, Taylor J: Transcription of hepatitis delta virus RNA by RNA polymerase II. J Virol. 2008 Feb;82(3):1118-27. Epub 2007 Nov 21. [PubMed ]
Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]
Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed ]
Zhang Y, Kim Y, Genoud N, Gao J, Kelly JW, Pfaff SL, Gill GN, Dixon JE, Noel JP: Determinants for dephosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain by Scp1. Mol Cell. 2006 Dec 8;24(5):759-70. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 80 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 81 [top]

Enzyme 81 ID

6017

Enzyme 81 Name

DNA-directed RNA polymerase, mitochondrial

Enzyme 81 Synonyms

MtRPOL

Enzyme 81 Gene Name

POLRMT

Enzyme 81 Protein Sequence

>DNA-directed RNA polymerase, mitochondrial

MSALCWGRGAAGLKRALRPCGRPGLPGKEGTAGGVCGPRRSSSASPQEQDQDRRKDWGHV
ELLEVLQARVRQLQAESVSEVVVNRVDVARLPECGSGDGSLQPPRKVQMGAKDATPVPCG
RWAKILEKDKRTQQMRMQRLKAKLQMPFQSGEFKALTRRLQVEPRLLSKQMAGCLEDCTR
QAPESPWEEQLARLLQEAPGKLSLDVEQAPSGQHSQAQLSGQQQRLLAFFKCCLLTDQLP
LAHHLLVVHHGQRQKRKLLTLDMYNAVMLGWARQGAFKELVYVLFMVKDAGLTPDLLSYA
AALQCMGRQDQDAGTIERCLEQMSQEGLKLQALFTAVLLSEEDRATVLKAVHKVKPTFSL
PPQLPPPVNTSKLLRDVYAKDGRVSYPKLHLPLKTLQCLFEKQLHMELASRVCVVSVEKP
TLPSKEVKHARKTLKTLRDQWEKALCRALRETKNRLEREVYEGRFSLYPFLCLLDEREVV
RMLLQVLQALPAQGESFTTLARELSARTFSRHVVQRQRVSGQVQALQNHYRKYLCLLASD
AEVPEPCLPRQYWEELGAPEALREQPWPLPVQMELGKLLAEMLVQATQMPCSLDKPHRSS
RLVPVLYHVYSFRNVQQIGILKPHPAYVQLLEKAAEPTLTFEAVDVPMLCPPLPWTSPHS
GAFLLSPTKLMRTVEGATQHQELLETCPPTALHGALDALTQLGNCAWRVNGRVLDLVLQL
FQAKGCPQLGVPAPPSEAPQPPEAHLPHSAAPARKAELRRELAHCQKVAREMHSLRAEAL
YRLSLAQHLRDRVFWLPHNMDFRGRTYPCPPHFNHLGSDVARALLEFAQGRPLGPHGLDW
LKIHLVNLTGLKKREPLRKRLAFAEEVMDDILDSADQPLTGRKWWMGAEEPWQTLACCME
VANAVRASDPAAYVSHLPVHQDGSCNGLQHYAALGRDSVGAASVNLEPSDVPQDVYSGVA
AQVEVFRRQDAQRGMRVAQVLEGFITRKVVKQTVMTVVYGVTRYGGRLQIEKRLRELSDF
PQEFVWEASHYLVRQVFKSLQEMFSGTRAIQHWLTESARLISHMGSVVEWVTPLGVPVIQ
PYRLDSKVKQIGGGIQSITYTHNGDISRKPNTRKQKNGFPPNFIHSLDSSHMMLTALHCY
RKGLTFVSVHDCYWTHAADVSVMNQVCREQFVRLHSEPILQDLSRFLVKRFCSEPQKILE
ASQLKETLQAVPKPGAFDLEQVKRSTYFFS

Enzyme 81 Number of Residues

1230

Enzyme 81 Molecular Weight

138619.3

Enzyme 81 Theoretical pI

9.25

Enzyme 81 GO Classification

Function
DNA binding DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity RNA polymerase activity binding catalytic activity nucleic acid binding nucleotidyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule biosynthetic process metabolic process transcription
Component
—

Enzyme 81 General Function

Involved in DNA binding

Enzyme 81 Specific Function

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates

Enzyme 81 Pathways

Purine Metabolism (map00230 )
Pyrimidine Metabolism (map00240 )
RNA polymerase (map03020 )

Enzyme 81 Reactions

nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn = diphosphate + RNAn+1 [RN:R00444]

Enzyme 81 Pfam Domain Function

RNA_pol (PF00940 )

Enzyme 81 Signals

None

Enzyme 81 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 81 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 81 GenBank ID Protein

2979529

Enzyme 81 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

O00411

Enzyme 81 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

RPOM_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 81 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 81 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 81 Gene Sequence

>3693 bp

ATGTCGGCACTTTGCTGGGGCCGCGGAGCGGCGGGGCTCAAACGAGCCCTACGGCCTTGC
GGCCGCCCGGGACTCCCCGGCAAAGAAGGGACCGCCGGTGGCGTCTGCGGCCCCAGGAGG
AGCTCGTCCGCCAGCCCCCAGGAGCAAGACCAAGACCGCAGGAAGGACTGGGGCCACGTG
GAGCTGCTGGAGGTGCTCCAGGCGCGGGTGCGGCAGCTGCAGGCTGAGAGCGTGTCGGAG
GTGGTGGTGAACAGGGTGGATGTGGCGCGGCTCCCAGAATGTGGCAGTGGAGATGGTAGC
CTCCAGCCACCCAGGAAGGTCCAGATGGGGGCCAAGGATGCCACCCCGGTGCCCTGTGGC
CGCTGGGCAAAGATACTGGAGAAGGATAAGCGGACCCAGCAGATGCGTATGCAGCGGTTG
AAGGCGAAGCTGCAGATGCCATTCCAGAGCGGGGAGTTCAAGGCGCTGACCAGGCGCCTG
CAGGTGGAGCCCCGGCTCCTGAGCAAGCAGATGGCCGGGTGCCTGGAGGACTGCACGCGC
CAGGCCCCCGAGAGCCCCTGGGAGGAGCAGCTGGCCCGGCTGCTGCAGGAGGCCCCTGGG
AAGCTGAGCCTCGATGTGGAGCAGGCCCCGTCGGGGCAGCACTCGCAGGCCCAGCTCTCA
GGTCAGCAGCAGAGGCTCCTGGCCTTCTTCAAGTGCTGCCTGCTCACTGACCAGCTGCCC
CTCGCCCACCACCTGCTGGTCGTCCACCACGGCCAGCGGCAGAAGCGGAAGCTGCTCACG
CTGGACATGTACAACGCCGTGATGCTTGGCTGGGCGCGGCAGGGTGCCTTCAAGGAGCTG
GTATATGTGTTATTCATGGTGAAGGATGCCGGCTTGACTCCGGACCTGCTGTCCTATGCG
GCTGCCCTCCAGTGCATGGGGAGGCAGGACCAGGACGCCGGGACCATCGAAAGGTGTCTG
GAACAGATGAGCCAGGAGGGGCTGAAGCTGCAGGCACTCTTCACCGCCGTTCTGCTGTCT
GAGGAGGATCGGGCCACTGTTCTGAAGGCCGTGCACAAGGTGAAGCCCACCTTCAGCCTC
CCGCCGCAGCTGCCGCCCCCGGTCAACACCTCCAAGCTGCTCAGGGACGTGTATGCCAAG
GATGGGCGTGTGTCCTACCCGAAGCTGCACCTGCCCTTGAAGACCCTGCAGTGCCTCTTT
GAGAAGCAGCTCCACATGGAGCTGGCCAGCAGGGTGTGCGTGGTGTCCGTGGAGAAGCCC
ACGTTGCCAAGCAAGGAGGTCAAGCACGCGCGGAAGACCCTGAAGACCCTGCGGGACCAA
TGGGAGAAAGCACTGTGCCGGGCGCTGCGGGAGACCAAGAACCGCCTAGAGCGCGAGGTG
TACGAGGGCCGGTTCTCACTTTACCCCTTCCTGTGCCTGCTGGACGAGCGCGAGGTGGTG
CGGATGCTCCTGCAGGTCCTGCAGGCGCTGCCCGCCCAAGGTGAGTCCTTCACCACCCTG
GCCCGGGAGCTGAGTGCGCGCACTTTCAGCCGGCACGTGGTGCAGAGGCAGCGGGTCAGT
GGCCAGGTGCAGGCGCTGCAGAACCACTACAGGAAGTACCTCTGCTTGCTGGCCTCCGAC
GCCGAGGTGCCCGAGCCCTGCCTGCCGCGGCAGTACTGGGAGGAGCTGGGGGCGCCCGAG
GCCCTGCGGGAGCAGCCCTGGCCCCTGCCAGTGCAGATGGAGCTGGGCAAGCTGCTGGCG
GAGATGCTGGTGCAGGCTACGCAGATGCCATGCAGCCTGGACAAGCCGCATCGTTCCTCT
CGGCTTGTCCCCGTGCTCTACCACGTGTATTCCTTCCGCAACGTCCAGCAGATCGGCATC
CTGAAGCCGCACCCGGCCTACGTGCAGCTGCTGGAGAAGGCCGCGGAGCCCACGCTGACC
TTCGAGGCGGTGGATGTACCCATGCTTTGCCCCCCGCTGCCCTGGACATCGCCGCACTCT
GGTGCTTTCCTGCTCAGCCCCACCAAGCTGATGCGCACGGTGGAAGGCGCCACGCAGCAC
CAGGAGCTGCTGGAAACCTGCCCGCCCACCGCGCTGCATGGCGCACTGGACGCCCTCACC
CAACTGGGCAACTGCGCCTGGCGCGTCAACGGGCGCGTGCTGGACCTGGTGCTGCAGCTC
TTCCAGGCCAAGGGCTGCCCCCAGCTAGGCGTGCCGGCCCCGCCCTCCGAGGCGCCCCAG
CCGCCCGAGGCCCACCTGCCGCACAGCGCCGCGCCCGCCCGCAAGGCCGAGCTGCGCCGT
GAGCTGGCGCACTGCCAGAAGGTGGCCCGGGAGATGCACAGCCTGCGGGCGGAGGCGCTG
TACCGCCTCTCGCTGGCGCAGCACCTGCGGGACCGCGTCTTCTGGCTGCCGCACAACATG
GACTTCCGCGGCCGCACCTACCCCTGCCCGCCGCACTTCAACCACCTGGGCAGCGACGTG
GCGCGGGCCCTGCTGGAGTTCGCCCAGGGCCGCCCGCTCGGCCCGCACGGCCTGGATTGG
CTCAAGATCCACCTGGTCAATCTCACGGGGTTGAAGAAGCGGGAGCCGCTGCGGAAGCGC
CTGGCCTTTGCGGAGGAGGTGATGGATGACATCCTGGACTCCGCGGACCAACCCTTGACG
GGCCGAAAGTGGTGGATGGGCGCGGAGGAACCCTGGCAGACGCTGGCCTGCTGTATGGAG
GTGGCGAACGCTGTGCGCGCCTCCGACCCTGCCGCCTATGTCTCCCACCTCCCCGTCCAT
CAGGACGGCTCTTGCAACGGCCTGCAGCATTATGCTGCTCTGGGCCGCGACAGCGTGGGC
GCCGCCTCCGTCAACCTGGAGCCCTCGGATGTGCCGCAGGACGTGTACAGCGGCGTGGCC
GCGCAGGTGGAGGTGTTCCGTAGGCAGGACGCCCAGCGGGGCATGCGGGTGGCACAGGTG
CTGGAAGGTTTCATCACCCGCAAGGTGGTGAAGCAGACGGTGATGACGGTGGTGTACGGG
GTCACGCGCTATGGCGGGCGCCTGCAGATTGAGAAGCGCCTCCGGGAGCTGAGCGACTTT
CCCCAGGAGTTCGTGTGGGAGGCCTCTCACTATCTCGTACGCCAGGTCTTCAAGAGTCTA
CAGGAGATGTTCTCGGGGACCCGGGCCATCCAGCACTGGCTGACCGAGAGTGCCCGCCTC
ATCTCCCACATGGGCTCTGTGGTGGAGTGGGTCACACCCCTGGGCGTCCCCGTCATCCAG
CCCTATCGCCTGGACTCCAAGGTCAAGCAAATAGGAGGTGGAATTCAGAGCATCACCTAC
ACCCACAACGGAGACATCAGCCGAAAGCCCAACACACGTAAGCAGAAGAACGGCTTCCCG
CCCAACTTCATCCACTCGCTGGACTCCTCCCACATGATGCTCACCGCCCTGCACTGCTAC
AGGAAGGGCCTGACCTTCGTCTCTGTGCACGACTGTTACTGGACTCACGCAGCTGATGTC
TCCGTCATGAACCAGGTGTGCCGGGAGCAGTTTGTCCGCTTGCACAGCGAGCCCATCCTG
CAGGACCTGTCCAGATTCCTGGTCAAGCGGTTCTGCTCTGAGCCCCAGAAGATCTTGGAG
GCCAGCCAGCTGAAGGAGACACTGCAGGCGGTGCCCAAGCCAGGGGCCTTCGACCTGGAG
CAGGTGAAGCGTTCCACCTACTTCTTCAGCTGA

Enzyme 81 GenBank Gene ID

AC004449

Enzyme 81 GeneCard ID

POLRMT

Enzyme 81 GenAtlas ID

POLRMT

Enzyme 81 HGNC ID

HGNC:9200

Enzyme 81 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 81 Locus

19p13.3

Enzyme 81 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 81 General References

Tiranti V, Savoia A, Forti F, D'Apolito MF, Centra M, Rocchi M, Zeviani M: Identification of the gene encoding the human mitochondrial RNA polymerase (h-mtRPOL) by cyberscreening of the Expressed Sequence Tags database. Hum Mol Genet. 1997 Apr;6(4):615-25. [PubMed ]
Grimwood J, Gordon LA, Olsen A, Terry A, Schmutz J, Lamerdin J, Hellsten U, Goodstein D, Couronne O, Tran-Gyamfi M, Aerts A, Altherr M, Ashworth L, Bajorek E, Black S, Branscomb E, Caenepeel S, Carrano A, Caoile C, Chan YM, Christensen M, Cleland CA, Copeland A, Dalin E, Dehal P, Denys M, Detter JC, Escobar J, Flowers D, Fotopulos D, Garcia C, Georgescu AM, Glavina T, Gomez M, Gonzales E, Groza M, Hammon N, Hawkins T, Haydu L, Ho I, Huang W, Israni S, Jett J, Kadner K, Kimball H, Kobayashi A, Larionov V, Leem SH, Lopez F, Lou Y, Lowry S, Malfatti S, Martinez D, McCready P, Medina C, Morgan J, Nelson K, Nolan M, Ovcharenko I, Pitluck S, Pollard M, Popkie AP, Predki P, Quan G, Ramirez L, Rash S, Retterer J, Rodriguez A, Rogers S, Salamov A, Salazar A, She X, Smith D, Slezak T, Solovyev V, Thayer N, Tice H, Tsai M, Ustaszewska A, Vo N, Wagner M, Wheeler J, Wu K, Xie G, Yang J, Dubchak I, Furey TS, DeJong P, Dickson M, Gordon D, Eichler EE, Pennacchio LA, Richardson P, Stubbs L, Rokhsar DS, Myers RM, Rubin EM, Lucas SM: The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19. Nature. 2004 Apr 1;428(6982):529-35. [PubMed ]
Falkenberg M, Gaspari M, Rantanen A, Trifunovic A, Larsson NG, Gustafsson CM: Mitochondrial transcription factors B1 and B2 activate transcription of human mtDNA. Nat Genet. 2002 Jul;31(3):289-94. Epub 2002 Jun 17. [PubMed ]
Wang B, Malik R, Nigg EA, Korner R: Evaluation of the low-specificity protease elastase for large-scale phosphoproteome analysis. Anal Chem. 2008 Dec 15;80(24):9526-33. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 81 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 82 [top]

Enzyme 82 ID

6018

Enzyme 82 Name

DNA-directed RNA polymerase I subunit RPA2

Enzyme 82 Synonyms

RNA polymerase I subunit 2
DNA-directed RNA polymerase I 135 kDa polypeptide
RPA135

Enzyme 82 Gene Name

POLR1B

Enzyme 82 Protein Sequence

>DNA-directed RNA polymerase I subunit RPA2

MDPGSRWRNLPSGPSLKHLTDPSYGIPREQQKAALQELTRAHVESFNYAVHEGLGLAVQA
IPPFEFAFKDERISFTILDAVISPPTVPKGTICKEANVYPAECRGRRSTYRGKLTADINW
AVNGISKGIIKQFLGYVPIMVKSKLCNLRNLPPQALIEHHEEAEEMGGYFIINGIEKVIR
MLIMPRRNFPIAMIRPKWKTRGPGYTQYGVSMHCVREEHSAVNMNLHYLENGTVMLNFIY
RKELFFLPLGFALKALVSFSDYQIFQELIKGKEDDSFLRNSVSQMLRIVMEEGCSTQKQV
LNYLGECFRVKLNVPDWYPNEQAAEFLFNQCICIHLKSNTEKFYMLCLMTRKLFALAKGE
CMEDNPDSLVNQEVLTPGQLFLMFLKEKLEGWLVSIKIAFDKKAQKTSVSMNTDNLMRIF
TMGIDLTKPFEYLFATGNLRSKTGLGLLQDSGLCVVADKLNFIRYLSHFRCVHRGADFAK
MRTTTVRRLLPESWGFLCPVHTPDGEPCGLMNHLTAVCEVVTQFVYTASIPALLCNLGVT
PIDGAPHRSYSECYPVLLDGVMVGWVDKDLAPGIADSLRHFKVLREKRIPPWMEVVLIPM
TGKPSLYPGLFLFTTPCRLVRPVQNLALGKEELIGTMEQIFMNVAIFEDEVFAGVTTHQE
LFPHSLLSVIANFIPFSDHNQSPRNMYQCQMGKQTMGFPLLTYQDRSDNKLYRLQTPQSP
LVRPSMYDYYDMDNYPIGTNAIVAVISYTGYDMEDAMIVNKASWERGFAHGSVYKSEFID
LSEKIKQGDSSLVFGIKPGDPRVLQKLDDDGLPFIGAKLQYGDPYYSYLNLNTGESFVMY
YKSKENCVVDNIKVCSNDTGSGKFKCVCITMRVPRNPTIGDKFASRHGQKGILSRLWPAE
DMPFTESGMVPDILFNPHGFPSRMTIGMLIESMAGKSAALHGLCHDATPFIFSEENSALE
YFGEMLKAAGYNFYGTERLYSGISGLELEADIFIGVVYYQRLRHMVSDKFQVRTTGARDR
VTNQPIGGRNVQGGIRFGEMERDALLAHGTSFLLHDRLFNCSDRSVAHVCVKCGSLLSPL
LEKPPPSWSAMRNRKYNCTLCSRSDTIDTVSVPYVFRYFVAELAAMNIKVKLDVV

Enzyme 82 Number of Residues

1135

Enzyme 82 Molecular Weight

128228.4

Enzyme 82 Theoretical pI

7.88

Enzyme 82 GO Classification

Function
DNA binding DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity RNA polymerase activity binding catalytic activity nucleic acid binding nucleoside binding nucleotidyltransferase activity ribonucleoside binding transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule biosynthetic process metabolic process transcription
Component
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle membrane-bounded organelle nucleus organelle

Enzyme 82 General Function

Involved in DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity

Enzyme 82 Specific Function

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Second largest core component of RNA polymerase I which synthesizes ribosomal RNA precursors. Proposed to contribute to the polymerase catalytic activity and forms the polymerase active center together with the largest subunit. Pol I is composed of mobile elements and RPA2 is part of the core element with the central large cleft and probably a clamp element that moves to open and close the cleft

Enzyme 82 Pathways

Purine Metabolism (map00230 )
Pyrimidine Metabolism (map00240 )
RNA polymerase (map03020 )

Enzyme 82 Reactions

nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn = diphosphate + RNAn+1 [RN:R00444]

Enzyme 82 Pfam Domain Function

RNA_pol_Rpa2_4 (PF06883 )
RNA_pol_Rpb2_1 (PF04563 )
RNA_pol_Rpb2_2 (PF04561 )
RNA_pol_Rpb2_3 (PF04565 )
RNA_pol_Rpb2_5 (PF04567 )
RNA_pol_Rpb2_6 (PF00562 )
RNA_pol_Rpb2_7 (PF04560 )

Enzyme 82 Signals

None

Enzyme 82 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 82 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 82 GenBank ID Protein

62420281

Enzyme 82 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q9H9Y6

Enzyme 82 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

RPA2_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 82 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 82 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 82 Gene Sequence

>3408 bp

ATGGATCCTGGCAGCCGGTGGCGGAACCTGCCCAGCGGGCCTAGCCTAAAGCACTTGACT
GACCCCTCTTATGGAATCCCGCGGGAACAGCAAAAGGCAGCGTTGCAGGAGCTGACGCGG
GCGCACGTGGAGTCCTTCAACTACGCTGTGCACGAGGGTCTCGGCCTCGCGGTGCAGGCT
ATACCTCCCTTTGAATTTGCTTTCAAAGATGAGCGTATCTCTTTTACTATTCTGGATGCT
GTTATCAGTCCACCTACAGTTCCAAAAGGGACCATCTGCAAAGAGGCCAATGTTTATCCA
GCAGAATGCCGGGGCCGAAGGAGTACCTACCGTGGGAAGTTGACAGCTGATATCAACTGG
GCAGTGAATGGAATCTCAAAAGGAATCATTAAGCAGTTTCTTGGCTATGTTCCCATCATG
GTGAAATCCAAGCTTTGCAACTTACGTAACCTTCCCCCACAAGCCCTCATTGAGCACCAT
GAGGAGGCAGAGGAAATGGGGGGCTATTTTATAATCAATGGCATTGAAAAAGTCATCCGA
ATGTTGATTATGCCTCGGAGAAATTTTCCCATTGCAATGATAAGACCAAAATGGAAAACC
AGAGGGCCTGGTTATACTCAGTATGGAGTTTCAATGCACTGTGTGAGGGAAGAACATTCC
GCTGTCAATATGAACCTCCACTACTTGGAAAATGGCACTGTTATGTTGAACTTTATTTAC
CGAAAAGAACTGTTCTTTCTTCCTTTGGGATTTGCACTTAAGGCACTTGTCAGCTTTTCT
GATTATCAGATCTTTCAGGAGCTCATCAAAGGAAAAGAGGATGATTCTTTCCTTAGGAAC
TCTGTTTCTCAGATGTTAAGGATTGTAATGGAAGAGGGTTGTTCGACACAAAAACAGGTC
CTTAACTACCTAGGTGAATGCTTCAGAGTAAAACTCAATGTTCCTGACTGGTACCCAAAT
GAGCAAGCTGCGGAGTTCCTGTTTAACCAGTGCATCTGTATCCACTTGAAATCCAATACT
GAAAAGTTTTATATGCTTTGTCTCATGACGCGAAAGCTCTTTGCTTTAGCCAAAGGAGAG
TGCATGGAGGACAATCCTGATAGTTTGGTGAACCAGGAAGTCCTCACACCGGGTCAGCTC
TTCCTTATGTTCCTGAAGGAAAAACTGGAAGGTTGGTTAGTGTCTATTAAAATAGCTTTT
GATAAGAAGGCTCAGAAGACCAGTGTTTCCATGAACACTGACAATTTGATGAGGATTTTT
ACAATGGGCATAGACCTTACAAAACCATTTGAATACCTTTTTGCTACTGGGAATCTGCGT
TCTAAAACAGGTCTTGGCCTCCTACAAGATTCTGGACTTTGTGTTGTGGCTGACAAGCTG
AACTTCATACGCTACCTCTCCCATTTCCGCTGCGTGCACAGAGGGGCTGATTTTGCCAAG
ATGAGGACCACCACAGTACGCAGGCTGCTGCCAGAGTCCTGGGGCTTCCTTTGTCCCGTG
CATACCCCAGACGGGGAGCCCTGTGGCCTGATGAACCACCTAACTGCCGTATGTGAGGTT
GTCACACAGTTTGTGTATACGGCATCTATTCCAGCTTTACTGTGCAACTTGGGGGTCACT
CCCATTGATGGAGCTCCCCACCGATCATACAGTGAGTGCTACCCTGTCCTGCTGGACGGT
GTCATGGTTGGCTGGGTGGATAAGGATCTTGCTCCAGGCATCGCAGATTCTCTTCGTCAT
TTTAAGGTGTTGAGAGAGAAAAGAATTCCTCCCTGGATGGAAGTGGTCCTTATACCCATG
ACAGGAAAACCAAGTCTGTACCCAGGATTGTTCCTTTTTACCACTCCTTGTAGACTGGTA
CGGCCTGTGCAGAACTTAGCATTGGGCAAAGAAGAGCTAATTGGAACTATGGAACAGATC
TTCATGAATGTCGCTATCTTTGAGGATGAAGTTTTTGCTGGAGTTACCACACACCAGGAA
CTCTTTCCACACAGCCTGCTGAGTGTGATTGCCAACTTCATCCCTTTCTCTGATCACAAC
CAGAGTCCACGGAACATGTACCAATGCCAGATGGGTAAGCAAACTATGGGCTTTCCACTT
CTCACTTATCAAGACCGATCGGATAACAAACTGTATCGTCTTCAGACTCCTCAGAGTCCC
TTGGTGAGACCCTCCATGTATGATTATTATGACATGGATAACTATCCAATTGGGACCAAT
GCCATCGTTGCTGTGATTTCTTACACTGGCTATGATATGGAAGATGCCATGATTGTGAAT
AAGGCCTCTTGGGAACGAGGCTTTGCCCATGGAAGTGTCTACAAGTCTGAGTTCATAGAC
CTCTCTGAAAAAATTAAACAAGGAGATAGTAGCCTGGTGTTTGGCATCAAACCTGGTGAC
CCACGCGTTCTGCAGAAGTTAGATGACGATGGATTGCCGTTTATAGGAGCAAAACTGCAG
TACGGAGATCCGTATTACAGCTACCTCAACCTCAACACCGGGGAAAGTTTTGTGATGTAC
TATAAGAGTAAAGAAAATTGTGTTGTGGATAACATCAAAGTGTGCAGTAATGACACTGGG
AGTGGAAAATTCAAGTGTGTTTGCATCACTATGAGAGTGCCTCGGAACCCAACTATCGGA
GATAAATTTGCCAGTCGCCATGGGCAGAAGGGCATTTTAAGCAGATTGTGGCCGGCTGAG
GACATGCCTTTTACTGAGAGTGGGATGGTCCCAGACATTCTGTTCAATCCCCATGGTTTT
CCATCCCGCATGACCATTGGGATGTTAATTGAGAGTATGGCCGGGAAGTCTGCAGCTTTG
CATGGTCTCTGCCATGATGCTACACCCTTCATCTTCTCAGAGGAGAACTCGGCCTTAGAA
TACTTTGGTGAGATGTTAAAGGCTGCTGGCTACAATTTCTATGGCACCGAGAGGTTATAT
AGTGGCATCAGTGGGCTAGAACTGGAAGCAGACATCTTCATAGGAGTGGTTTATTATCAG
CGCTTACGCCATATGGTCTCAGACAAATTTCAAGTAAGGACAACTGGAGCCCGAGACAGA
GTCACCAACCAGCCTATTGGGGGAAGAAATGTCCAGGGTGGAATCCGTTTTGGGGAGATG
GAACGGGATGCGCTTTTAGCTCATGGTACATCTTTTCTCCTTCATGACCGCCTCTTCAAC
TGCTCAGATCGGTCGGTAGCCCATGTGTGTGTGAAGTGTGGCAGTTTACTCTCTCCACTG
TTGGAGAAGCCACCCCCTTCTTGGTCTGCCATGCGCAACAGAAAATACAACTGTACTCTG
TGTAGTCGCAGTGACACTATCGATACTGTTTCTGTGCCTTATGTTTTTCGGTATTTTGTA
GCTGAACTGGCAGCTATGAACATCAAAGTGAAACTGGATGTTGTTTAA

Enzyme 82 GenBank Gene ID

AC012442

Enzyme 82 GeneCard ID

POLR1B

Enzyme 82 GenAtlas ID

POLR1B

Enzyme 82 HGNC ID

HGNC:20454 Link Image

Enzyme 82 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 82 Locus

2q13

Enzyme 82 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 82 General References

Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Pepin KH, Minx P, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Kremitzki C, Oddy L, Du H, Sun H, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Carter J, Cordes M, Harris A, Isak A, van Brunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Abbott S, Armstrong J, Belter EA, Caruso L, Cedroni M, Cotton M, Davidson T, Desai A, Elliott G, Erb T, Fronick C, Gaige T, Haakenson W, Haglund K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Kim K, Kruchowski SS, Strong CM, Grewal N, Goyea E, Hou S, Levy A, Martinka S, Mead K, McLellan MD, Meyer R, Randall-Maher J, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Shah N, Swearengen-Shahid S, Snider J, Strong JT, Thompson J, Yoakum M, Leonard S, Pearman C, Trani L, Radionenko M, Waligorski JE, Wang C, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Maupin R, Latreille P, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Pohl C, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Berkowicz N, Nelson JO, Osborne J, Ding L, Meyer R, Sabo A, Shotland Y, Sinha P, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Jones TA, She X, Ciccarelli FD, Izaurralde E, Taylor J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Cox DR, Huang X, McPherson JD, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Warren WC, Chinwalla AT, Eddy SR, Marra MA, Ovcharenko I, Furey TS, Miller W, Eichler EE, Bork P, Suyama M, Torrents D, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. Nature. 2005 Apr 7;434(7034):724-31. [PubMed ]
Miller G, Panov KI, Friedrich JK, Trinkle-Mulcahy L, Lamond AI, Zomerdijk JC: hRRN3 is essential in the SL1-mediated recruitment of RNA Polymerase I to rRNA gene promoters. EMBO J. 2001 Mar 15;20(6):1373-82. [PubMed ]
Panov KI, Panova TB, Gadal O, Nishiyama K, Saito T, Russell J, Zomerdijk JC: RNA polymerase I-specific subunit CAST/hPAF49 has a role in the activation of transcription by upstream binding factor. Mol Cell Biol. 2006 Jul;26(14):5436-48. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 82 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 83 [top]

Enzyme 83 ID

6021

Enzyme 83 Name

Phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase 2

Enzyme 83 Synonyms

CDP-DAG synthase 2
CDP-DG synthase 2
CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 2
CDS 2
CDP-diglyceride pyrophosphorylase 2
CDP-diglyceride synthase 2
CTP:phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase 2

Enzyme 83 Gene Name

CDS2

Enzyme 83 Protein Sequence

>Phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase 2

MTELRQRVAHEPVAPPEDKESESEAKVDGETASDSESRAESAPLPVSADDTPEVLNRALS
NLSSRWKNWWVRGILTLAMIAFFFIIIYLGPMVLMIIVMCVQIKCFHEIITIGYNVYHSY
DLPWFRTLSWYFLLCVNYFFYGETVTDYFFTLVQREEPLRILSKYHRFISFTLYLIGFCM
FVLSLVKKHYRLQFYMFGWTHVTLLIVVTQSHLVIHNLFEGMIWFIVPISCVICNDIMAY
MFGFFFGRTPLIKLSPKKTWEGFIGGFFATVVFGLLLSYVMSGYRCFVCPVEYNNDTNSF
TVDCEPSDLFRLQEYNIPGVIQSVIGWKTVRMYPFQIHSIALSTFASLIGPFGGFFASGF
KRAFKIKDFANTIPGHGGIMDRFDCQYLMATFVNVYIASFIRGPNPSKLIQQFLTLRPDQ
QLHIFNTLRSHLIDKGMLTSTTEDE

Enzyme 83 Number of Residues

445

Enzyme 83 Molecular Weight

51417.5

Enzyme 83 Theoretical pI

7.10

Enzyme 83 GO Classification

Function
catalytic activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
—
Component
cell part membrane

Enzyme 83 General Function

Involved in transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups

Enzyme 83 Specific Function

Provides CDP-diacylglycerol an important precursor for the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipin

Enzyme 83 Pathways

Phospholipid Synthesis (map00564 )
Phosphatidylinositol signaling system (map04070 )

Enzyme 83 Reactions

CTP + phosphatidate = diphosphate + CDP-diacylglycerol [RN:R01799]

Enzyme 83 Pfam Domain Function

CTP_transf_1 (PF01148 )

Enzyme 83 Signals

None

Enzyme 83 Transmembrane Regions

79-99 132-152 166-186 213-233 262-282 340-360

Enzyme 83 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 83 GenBank ID Protein

4186023

Enzyme 83 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

O95674

Enzyme 83 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

CDS2_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 83 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 83 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 83 Gene Sequence

>1338 bp

ATGACAGAGCTGAGGCAGAGGGTGGCCCATGAGCCGGTTGCGCCACCCGAGGACAAGGAG
TCAGAGTCAGAAGCAAAGGTAGATGGAGAGACTGCATCGGACAGTGAGAGCCGGGCAGAA
TCCGCACCCCTGCCAGTCTCTGCAGATGATACCCCGGAGGTCCTCAATAGGGCCCTTTCC
AACTTGTCTTCAAGATGGAAGAACTGGTGGGTGAGAGGCATCCTGACTTTGGCCATGATT
GCATTTTTCTTCATCATCATTTACCTGGGACCAATGGTTTTGATGATAATCGTGATGTGC
GTTCAGATTAAGTGTTTCCATGAGATAATCACTATTGGCTACAACGTCTACCACTCATAT
GATCTGCCCTGGTTCAGGACGCTCAGCTGGTACTTTCTCCTGTGTGTAAACTATTTCTTC
TATGGTGAGACAGTGACGGATTACTTCTTCACCCTGGTCCAGAGAGAAGAGCCTTTGCGG
ATTCTCAGTAAATACCACCGGTTCATTTCCTTTACTCTCTATCTAATAGGATTCTGCATG
TTTGTACTGAGTCTGGTCAAGAAGCATTATCGACTGCAGTTCTACATGTTTGGCTGGACC
CATGTGACATTGCTGATTGTTGTAACACAGTCACATCTTGTTATCCACAACCTATTTGAA
GGAATGATCTGGTTCATTGTCCCCATATCTTGTGTGATCTGTAATGACATCATGGCCTAT
ATGTTTGGCTTTTTCTTTGGTCGGACCCCACTCATCAAGCTGTCCCCGAAGAAGACCTGG
GAAGGCTTCATTGGGGGCTTCTTTGCTACTGTGGTGTTTGGCCTTCTGCTGTCCTATGTG
ATGTCCGGGTACAGATGCTTTGTCTGCCCTGTGGAGTACAACAATGACACCAACAGCTTC
ACTGTGGACTGTGAGCCCTCGGACCTGTTTCGCCTGCAGGAGTACAACATTCCTGGGGTG
ATCCAGTCAGTCATTGGCTGGAAAACGGTCCGGATGTACCCCTTCCAGATTCACAGCATC
GCTCTCTCCACCTTTGCCTCGCTCATTGGCCCCTTTGGAGGATTCTTCGCAAGTGGATTC
AAACGAGCCTTTAAAATCAAAGACTTTGCCAATACCATTCCTGGCCATGGAGGCATCATG
GATCGCTTTGACTGCCAGTATCTGATGGCCACCTTTGTCAATGTATACATCGCCAGTTTT
ATCAGAGGCCCTAACCCAAGCAAACTGATTCAGCAGTTCCTGACTTTACGGCCAGATCAG
CAGCTCCACATCTTCAACACGCTGCGGTCTCATCTGATCGACAAAGGGATGCTGACATCC
ACCACAGAGGACGAGTAG

Enzyme 83 GenBank Gene ID

Y16521

Enzyme 83 GeneCard ID

CDS2

Enzyme 83 GenAtlas ID

CDS2

Enzyme 83 HGNC ID

HGNC:1801

Enzyme 83 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 83 Locus

20p13

Enzyme 83 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 83 General References

Volta M, Bulfone A, Gattuso C, Rossi E, Mariani M, Consalez GG, Zuffardi O, Ballabio A, Banfi S, Franco B: Identification and characterization of CDS2, a mammalian homolog of the Drosophila CDP-diacylglycerol synthase gene. Genomics. 1999 Jan 1;55(1):68-77. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, Burton J, Gilbert JG, Jones M, Stavrides G, Almeida JP, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Barlow KF, Bates KN, Beard LM, Beare DM, Beasley OP, Bird CP, Blakey SE, Bridgeman AM, Brown AJ, Buck D, Burrill W, Butler AP, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clamp M, Clark G, Clark LN, Clark SY, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley VE, Collier RE, Connor R, Corby NR, Coulson A, Coville GJ, Deadman R, Dhami P, Dunn M, Ellington AG, Frankland JA, Fraser A, French L, Garner P, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths MN, Gwilliam R, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Heath PD, Ho S, Holden JL, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Jekosch K, Johnson CM, Johnson D, Kay MP, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights A, Laird GK, Lawlor S, Lehvaslaiho MH, Leversha M, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Lovell JD, Marsh VL, Martin SL, McConnachie LJ, McLay K, McMurray AA, Milne S, Mistry D, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Nickerson T, Oliver K, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce TA, Peck AI, Phillimore BJ, Prathalingam SR, Plumb RW, Ramsay H, Rice CM, Ross MT, Scott CE, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith ML, Soderlund C, Steward CA, Sulston JE, Swann M, Sycamore N, Taylor R, Tee L, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans AC, Vaudin M, Wall M, Wallis JM, Whitehead SL, Whittaker P, Willey DL, Williams L, Williams SA, Wilming L, Wray PW, Hubbard T, Durbin RM, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. Nature. 2001 Dec 20-27;414(6866):865-71. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Halford S, Dulai KS, Daw SC, Fitzgibbon J, Hunt DM: Isolation and chromosomal localization of two human CDP-diacylglycerol synthase (CDS) genes. Genomics. 1998 Nov 15;54(1):140-4. [PubMed ]
Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed ]
Zahedi RP, Lewandrowski U, Wiesner J, Wortelkamp S, Moebius J, Schutz C, Walter U, Gambaryan S, Sickmann A: Phosphoproteome of resting human platelets. J Proteome Res. 2008 Feb;7(2):526-34. Epub 2007 Dec 19. [PubMed ]
Daub H, Olsen JV, Bairlein M, Gnad F, Oppermann FS, Korner R, Greff Z, Keri G, Stemmann O, Mann M: Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle. Mol Cell. 2008 Aug 8;31(3):438-48. [PubMed ]
Han G, Ye M, Zhou H, Jiang X, Feng S, Jiang X, Tian R, Wan D, Zou H, Gu J: Large-scale phosphoproteome analysis of human liver tissue by enrichment and fractionation of phosphopeptides with strong anion exchange chromatography. Proteomics. 2008 Apr;8(7):1346-61. [PubMed ]
Oppermann FS, Gnad F, Olsen JV, Hornberger R, Greff Z, Keri G, Mann M, Daub H: Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2009 Jul;8(7):1751-64. Epub 2009 Apr 15. [PubMed ]
Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 83 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 84 [top]

Enzyme 84 ID

6030

Enzyme 84 Name

Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase A

Enzyme 84 Synonyms

CCT-alpha
CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase A
CCT A
CT A
Phosphorylcholine transferase A

Enzyme 84 Gene Name

PCYT1A

Enzyme 84 Protein Sequence

>Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase A

MDAQCSAKVNARKRRKEAPGPNGATEEDGVPSKVQRCAVGLRQPAPFSDEIEVDFSKPYV
RVTMEEASRGTPCERPVRVYADGIFDLFHSGHARALMQAKNLFPNTYLIVGVCSDELTHN
FKGFTVMNENERYDAVQHCRYVDEVVRNAPWTLTPEFLAEHRIDFVAHDDIPYSSAGSDD
VYKHIKEAGMFAPTQRTEGISTSDIITRIVRDYDVYARRNLQRGYTAKELNVSFINEKKY
HLQERVDKVKKKVKDVEEKSKEFVQKVEEKSIDLIQKWEEKSREFIGSFLEMFGPEGALK
HMLKEGKGRMLQAISPKQSPSSSPTRERSPSPSFRWPFSGKTSPPCSPANLSRHKAAAYD
ISEDEED

Enzyme 84 Number of Residues

367

Enzyme 84 Molecular Weight

41730.7

Enzyme 84 Theoretical pI

7.29

Enzyme 84 GO Classification

Function
catalytic activity nucleotidyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
biosynthetic process metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 84 General Function

Involved in catalytic activity

Enzyme 84 Specific Function

Controls phosphatidylcholine synthesis

Enzyme 84 Pathways

Aminophosphonate metabolism (map00440 )
Phospholipid Synthesis (map00564 )

Enzyme 84 Reactions

CTP + choline phosphate = diphosphate + CDP-choline [RN:R01890]

Enzyme 84 Pfam Domain Function

CTP_transf_2 (PF01467 )

Enzyme 84 Signals

None

Enzyme 84 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 84 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 84 GenBank ID Protein

28204946

Enzyme 84 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P49585

Enzyme 84 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

PCY1A_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 84 PDB ID

1PEH

Enzyme 84 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 84 3D Structure

Enzyme 84 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 84 Gene Sequence

>1104 bp

ATGGATGCACAGTGTTCAGCCAAGGTCAATGCAAGGAAGAGGAGAAAAGAGGCGCCCGGA
CCCAACGGGGCAACAGAAGAAGATGGGGTTCCTTCCAAAGTGCAGCGCTGTGCAGTGGGC
TTACGGCAACCAGCTCCTTTTTCTGATGAAATTGAAGTTGACTTTAGTAAGCCCTATGTC
AGGGTAACTATGGAAGAAGCCAGCAGAGGAACTCCTTGTGAGCGACCTGTGAGAGTTTAT
GCCGATGGAATATTTGACTTATTTCACTCTGGTCACGCCCGAGCTCTGATGCAAGCGAAG
AACCTTTTCCCTAATACGTACCTCATTGTGGGAGTTTGCAGTGATGAGCTCACACACAAC
TTCAAAGGCTTCACGGTGATGAACGAGAATGAGCGCTATGACGCAGTCCAGCACTGCCGC
TACGTGGATGAGGTGGTGAGGAATGCGCCCTGGACGCTGACACCCGAGTTCCTGGCCGAA
CACCGGATTGATTTTGTAGCCCATGATGATATTCCTTATTCATCTGCTGGCAGTGATGAT
GTTTATAAGCACATCAAGGAGGCAGGCATGTTTGCTCCAACACAGAGGACAGAAGGTATC
TCCACATCAGACATCATCACCCGAATTGTGCGGGATTATGATGTGTATGCGAGGCGGAAC
CTGCAGAGGGGCTACACAGCAAAGGAGCTCAATGTCAGCTTTATCAACGAGAAGAAATAC
CACTTGCAGGAGAGGGTTGACAAAGTAAAGAAGAAAGTGAAAGATGTGGAGGAAAAGTCA
AAAGAATTTGTTCAGAAGGTGGAGGAAAAAAGCATTGACCTCATTCAGAAGTGGGAGGAG
AAGTCCCGAGAATTCATTGGAAGTTTTCTGGAAATGTTTGGTCCGGAAGGAGCACTGAAA
CATATGCTGAAAGAGGGGAAGGGCCGGATGCTGCAGGCCATCAGCCCGAAGCAGAGCCCC
AGCAGCAGCCCTACTCGCGAGCGCTCCCCCTCCCCCTCTTTCCGATGGCCCTTCTCCGGC
AAGACTTCCCCACCTTGCTCCCCAGCAAATCTCTCCAGGCACAAGGCTGCAGCCTATGAT
ATCAGTGAGGATGAAGAAGACTAA

Enzyme 84 GenBank Gene ID

BC046355

Enzyme 84 GeneCard ID

PCYT1A

Enzyme 84 GenAtlas ID

PCYT1A

Enzyme 84 HGNC ID

HGNC:8754

Enzyme 84 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 84 Locus

3q29

Enzyme 84 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 84 General References

Kalmar GB, Kay RJ, LaChance AC, Cornell RB: Primary structure and expression of a human CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Oct 18;1219(2):328-34. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Johnson JE, Cornell RB: Membrane-binding amphipathic alpha-helical peptide derived from CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase. Biochemistry. 1994 Apr 12;33(14):4327-35. [PubMed ]
Dunne SJ, Cornell RB, Johnson JE, Glover NR, Tracey AS: Structure of the membrane binding domain of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase. Biochemistry. 1996 Sep 17;35(37):11975-84. [PubMed ]
Xie M, Smith JL, Ding Z, Zhang D, Cornell RB: Membrane binding modulates the quaternary structure of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase. J Biol Chem. 2004 Jul 2;279(27):28817-25. Epub 2004 Apr 6. [PubMed ]
Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed ]
Beausoleil SA, Villen J, Gerber SA, Rush J, Gygi SP: A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization. Nat Biotechnol. 2006 Oct;24(10):1285-92. Epub 2006 Sep 10. [PubMed ]
Giorgianni F, Zhao Y, Desiderio DM, Beranova-Giorgianni S: Toward a global characterization of the phosphoproteome in prostate cancer cells: identification of phosphoproteins in the LNCaP cell line. Electrophoresis. 2007 Jun;28(12):2027-34. [PubMed ]
Imami K, Sugiyama N, Kyono Y, Tomita M, Ishihama Y: Automated phosphoproteome analysis for cultured cancer cells by two-dimensional nanoLC-MS using a calcined titania/C18 biphasic column. Anal Sci. 2008 Jan;24(1):161-6. [PubMed ]
Daub H, Olsen JV, Bairlein M, Gnad F, Oppermann FS, Korner R, Greff Z, Keri G, Stemmann O, Mann M: Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle. Mol Cell. 2008 Aug 8;31(3):438-48. [PubMed ]
Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]
Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 84 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 85 [top]

Enzyme 85 ID

6031

Enzyme 85 Name

DNA-directed RNA polymerase I subunit RPA49

Enzyme 85 Synonyms

RNA polymerase I subunit A49
DNA-directed RNA polymerase I subunit E
RNA polymerase I-associated factor 1
RNA polymerase I-associated factor 53

Enzyme 85 Gene Name

POLR1E

Enzyme 85 Protein Sequence

>DNA-directed RNA polymerase I subunit RPA49

MYQASAVSLLPRDIPSCHSPSPGFSHLPTSSSQLAPDLLQFPLGQDPSFLAIPILTLPPS
DSLVPPYIVWYIVWPSALISFLGCTLTVQFSNGKLQSPGNMRFTLYENKDSTNPRKRNQR
ILAAETDRLSYVGNNFGTGALKCNTLCRHFVGILNKTSGQMEVYDAELFNMQPLFSDVSV
ESELALESQTKTYREKMDSCIEAFGTTKQKRALNTRRMNRVGNESLNRAVAKAAETIIDT
KGVTALVSDAIHNDLQDDSLYLPPCYDDAAKPEDVYKFEDLLSPAEYEALQSPSEAFRNV
TSEEILKMIEENSHCTFVIEALKSLPSDVESRDRQARCIWFLDTLIKFRAHRVVKRKSAL
GPGVPHIINTKLLKHFTCLTYNNGRLRNLISDSMKAKITAYVIILALHIHDFQIDLTVLQ
RDLKLSEKRMMEIAKAMRLKISKRRVSVAAGSEEDHKLGTLSLPLPPAQTSDRLAKRRKI
T

Enzyme 85 Number of Residues

481

Enzyme 85 Molecular Weight

53961.4

Enzyme 85 Theoretical pI

8.74

Enzyme 85 GO Classification

Function
DNA binding DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity RNA polymerase activity binding catalytic activity nucleic acid binding nucleotidyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule biosynthetic process metabolic process transcription
Component
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle membrane-bounded organelle nucleus organelle

Enzyme 85 General Function

Involved in DNA binding

Enzyme 85 Specific Function

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase I which synthesizes ribosomal RNA precursors. Appears to be involved in the formation of the initiation complex at the promoter by mediating the interaction between Pol I and UBTF/UBF

Enzyme 85 Pathways

Purine Metabolism (map00230 )
Pyrimidine Metabolism (map00240 )
RNA polymerase (map03020 )

Enzyme 85 Reactions

Not Available

Enzyme 85 Pfam Domain Function

RNA_pol_I_A49 (PF06870 )

Enzyme 85 Signals

None

Enzyme 85 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 85 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 85 GenBank ID Protein

21749630

Enzyme 85 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q9GZS1

Enzyme 85 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

RPA49_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 85 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 85 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 85 Gene Sequence

>1446 bp

ATGTACCAGGCCTCTGCTGTCAGCCTCCTTCCGCGAGACATTCCCTCCTGTCACAGCCCC
TCCCCAGGGTTCTCCCACCTCCCTACCTCCTCTTCTCAGCTGGCCCCGGATCTCCTCCAG
TTCCCTTTGGGTCAGGACCCGAGCTTCCTTGCCATCCCCATTCTGGCACTCCCTCCCAGT
GACAGTCTAGTCCCACCGTACATTGTGTGGTACATTGTGTGGCCTTCTGCTCTCATCTCA
TTCTTGGGCTGCACTCTTACAGTCCAGTTCTCCAACGGGAAGCTACAGAGTCCAGGCAAC
ATGCGCTTTACCTTGTATGAGAACAAAGATTCCACCAACCCCAGGAAGAGGAATCAACGG
ATCCTGGCAGCTGAAACAGATAGGCTCTCCTATGTGGGAAACAATTTTGGGACTGGAGCC
CTCAAATGCAACACTTTGTGCAGGCACTTTGTGGGAATTTTGAACAAGACCTCTGGCCAA
ATGGAAGTATATGATGCTGAATTGTTCAACATGCAGCCACTATTTTCAGATGTATCAGTC
GAGAGTGAACTGGCGCTAGAGAGTCAGACCAAAACTTACAGAGAAAAGATGGATTCTTGT
ATTGAAGCCTTTGGTACCACCAAACAGAAGCGAGCTCTGAACACCAGGAGAATGAACAGA
GTTGGCAATGAATCTTTGAATCGTGCAGTGGCTAAAGCTGCAGAGACTATCATTGATACG
AAGGGTGTGACTGCTCTGGTCAGCGATGCTATCCACAATGACTTGCAAGATGACTCCCTC
TACCTTCCTCCCTGCTATGATGATGCAGCCAAGCCTGAAGACGTGTATAAATTTGAAGAT
CTTCTTTCCCCTGCGGAGTATGAAGCTCTTCAGAGCCCATCTGAAGCTTTCAGGAACGTC
ACGTCAGAAGAAATACTGAAGATGATTGAGGAGAACAGCCATTGCACCTTTGTCATAGAA
GCGTTGAAGTCTTTGCCATCAGATGTGGAGAGCCGAGACCGCCAGGCCCGATGCATATGG
TTTCTGGATACCCTCATCAAATTTCGAGCTCATAGGGTAGTTAAGCGGAAAAGTGCTCTG
GGACCTGGAGTTCCCCACATCATCAACACCAAACTGCTGAAGCACTTTACTTGCTTGACC
TACAACAATGGCAGATTACGGAACTTAATTTCGGATTCTATGAAGGCGAAGATTACCGCA
TATGTGATCATACTTGCCTTGCACATACATGACTTCCAAATTGACCTGACAGTGTTACAG
AGGGACTTGAAGCTCAGTGAGAAAAGGATGATGGAGATAGCCAAAGCCATGAGGCTGAAG
ATCTCCAAAAGAAGGGTGTCTGTGGCCGCCGGCAGTGAAGAAGATCACAAACTGGGCACC
CTGTCCCTCCCGCTGCCTCCAGCCCAGACCTCAGACCGCCTGGCAAAGCGGAGGAAGATT
ACCTAG

Enzyme 85 GenBank Gene ID

AK091294

Enzyme 85 GeneCard ID

POLR1E

Enzyme 85 GenAtlas ID

POLR1E

Enzyme 85 HGNC ID

HGNC:17631 Link Image

Enzyme 85 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 85 Locus

9p13.2

Enzyme 85 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 85 General References

Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Humphray SJ, Oliver K, Hunt AR, Plumb RW, Loveland JE, Howe KL, Andrews TD, Searle S, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Jones MC, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Babbage S, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford D, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Chen Y, Clarke G, Clark SY, Clee CM, Clegg S, Collier RE, Corby N, Crosier M, Cummings AT, Davies J, Dhami P, Dunn M, Dutta I, Dyer LW, Earthrowl ME, Faulkner L, Fleming CJ, Frankish A, Frankland JA, French L, Fricker DG, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori J, Gilbert JG, Glison C, Grafham DV, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Guy J, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Harrison ES, Hart EA, Heath PD, Henderson CD, Hopkins BL, Howard PJ, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan S, Kershaw JK, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, McLaren S, McLay KE, McMurray A, Milne S, Nickerson T, Nisbett J, Nordsiek G, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Porter KM, Pandian R, Pelan S, Phillimore B, Povey S, Ramsey Y, Rand V, Scharfe M, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Sims SK, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward CA, Swarbreck D, Sycamore N, Tester J, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Thomas DW, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, Whitehead SL, Willey DL, Williams SA, Wilming L, Wray PW, Young L, Ashurst JL, Coulson A, Blocker H, Durbin R, Sulston JE, Hubbard T, Jackson MJ, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J, Dunham I: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9. Nature. 2004 May 27;429(6990):369-74. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Scherl A, Coute Y, Deon C, Calle A, Kindbeiter K, Sanchez JC, Greco A, Hochstrasser D, Diaz JJ: Functional proteomic analysis of human nucleolus. Mol Biol Cell. 2002 Nov;13(11):4100-9. [PubMed ]
Panov KI, Panova TB, Gadal O, Nishiyama K, Saito T, Russell J, Zomerdijk JC: RNA polymerase I-specific subunit CAST/hPAF49 has a role in the activation of transcription by upstream binding factor. Mol Cell Biol. 2006 Jul;26(14):5436-48. [PubMed ]
Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 85 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 86 [top]

Enzyme 86 ID

6035

Enzyme 86 Name

DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC8

Enzyme 86 Synonyms

RNA polymerase III subunit C8
DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit H
RNA polymerase III subunit 22.9 kDa subunit
RPC22.9

Enzyme 86 Gene Name

POLR3H

Enzyme 86 Protein Sequence

>DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC8

MFVLVEMVDTVRIPPWQFERKLNDSIAEELNKKLANKVVYNVGLCICLFDITKLEDAYVF
PGDGASHTKVHFRCVVFHPFLDEILIGKIKGCSPEGVHVSLGFFDDILIPPESLQQPAKF
DEAEQVWVWEYETEEGAHDLYMDTGEEIRFRVVDESFVDTSPTGPSSADATTSSEELPKK
EAPYTLVGSISEPGLGLLSWWTSN

Enzyme 86 Number of Residues

204

Enzyme 86 Molecular Weight

22917.7

Enzyme 86 Theoretical pI

4.21

Enzyme 86 GO Classification

Function
DNA binding DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity RNA polymerase activity binding catalytic activity nucleic acid binding nucleotidyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule biosynthetic process metabolic process transcription
Component
—

Enzyme 86 General Function

Involved in DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity

Enzyme 86 Specific Function

Enzyme 86 Pathways

Purine Metabolism (map00230 )
Pyrimidine Metabolism (map00240 )
RNA polymerase (map03020 )

Enzyme 86 Reactions

Not Available

Enzyme 86 Pfam Domain Function

RNA_pol_Rbc25 (PF08292 )
RNA_pol_Rpb7_N (PF03876 )

Enzyme 86 Signals

None

Enzyme 86 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 86 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 86 GenBank ID Protein

65301161

Enzyme 86 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q9Y535

Enzyme 86 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

RPC8_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 86 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 86 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 86 Gene Sequence

>615 bp

ATGTTCGTCCTGGTGGAAATGGTGGACACCGTCCGGATCCCCCCTTGGCAGTTTGAGAGG
AAGCTCAACGACTCCATTGCCGAGGAGCTGAACAAGAAGTTGGCCAACAAGGTCGTGTAC
AACGTGGGACTCTGCATTTGTCTGTTTGATATCACCAAACTGGAGGATGCCTATGTATTC
CCTGGGGATGGCGCATCACACACCAAAGTCCATTTTCGCTGCGTGGTGTTTCATCCATTC
CTAGATGAGATTCTCATTGGGAAGATCAAAGGCTGCAGCCCAGAAGGAGTGCACGTCTCT
CTAGGCTTCTTCGATGACATTCTCATCCCCCCAGAGTCACTGCAGCAGCCAGCCAAGTTC
GACGAAGCGGAGCAGGTGTGGGTGTGGGAGTACGAGACGGAGGAAGGAGCACACGACCTC
TACATGGACACCGGCGAGGAGATCCGCTTCCGGGTGGTGGACGAGAGCTTTGTTGACACG
TCCCCCACAGGGCCCAGCTCAGCAGATGCCACCACTTCCAGTGAGGAGCTGCCAAAGAAG
GAGGCTCCGTACACGCTTGTGGGATCCATCAGTGAGCCAGGCCTGGGCCTTCTCTCCTGG
TGGACCAGCAACTAG

Enzyme 86 GenBank Gene ID

NM_001018050.2 Link Image

Enzyme 86 GeneCard ID

POLR3H

Enzyme 86 GenAtlas ID

POLR3H

Enzyme 86 HGNC ID

HGNC:30349 Link Image

Enzyme 86 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 86 Locus

22q13.2

Enzyme 86 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 86 General References

Hu P, Wu S, Sun Y, Yuan CC, Kobayashi R, Myers MP, Hernandez N: Characterization of human RNA polymerase III identifies orthologues for Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase III subunits. Mol Cell Biol. 2002 Nov;22(22):8044-55. [PubMed ]
Hirosawa M, Nagase T, Murahashi Y, Kikuno R, Ohara O: Identification of novel transcribed sequences on human chromosome 22 by expressed sequence tag mapping. DNA Res. 2001 Feb 28;8(1):1-9. [PubMed ]
Collins JE, Wright CL, Edwards CA, Davis MP, Grinham JA, Cole CG, Goward ME, Aguado B, Mallya M, Mokrab Y, Huckle EJ, Beare DM, Dunham I: A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome. Genome Biol. 2004;5(10):R84. Epub 2004 Sep 30. [PubMed ]
Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, Chissoe S, Hunt AR, Collins JE, Bruskiewich R, Beare DM, Clamp M, Smink LJ, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Babbage A, Bagguley C, Bailey J, Barlow K, Bates KN, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bridgeman AM, Buck D, Burgess J, Burrill WD, O'Brien KP, et al.: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22. Nature. 1999 Dec 2;402(6761):489-95. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Chiu YH, Macmillan JB, Chen ZJ: RNA polymerase III detects cytosolic DNA and induces type I interferons through the RIG-I pathway. Cell. 2009 Aug 7;138(3):576-91. Epub 2009 Jul 23. [PubMed ]
Ablasser A, Bauernfeind F, Hartmann G, Latz E, Fitzgerald KA, Hornung V: RIG-I-dependent sensing of poly(dA:dT) through the induction of an RNA polymerase III-transcribed RNA intermediate. Nat Immunol. 2009 Oct;10(10):1065-72. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 86 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 87 [top]

Enzyme 87 ID

6036

Enzyme 87 Name

DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC10

Enzyme 87 Synonyms

RNA polymerase III subunit C10
DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit K
RNA polymerase III 12.5 kDa subunit
RPC12.5
RNA polymerase III subunit C11
HsC11p
RPC11
hRPC11

Enzyme 87 Gene Name

POLR3K

Enzyme 87 Protein Sequence

>DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC10

MLLFCPGCGNGLIVEEGQRCHRFSCNTCPYVHNITRKVTNRKYPKLKEVDDVLGGAAAWE
NVDSTAESCPKCEHPRAYFMQLQTRSADEPMTTFYKCCNAQCGHRWRD

Enzyme 87 Number of Residues

108

Enzyme 87 Molecular Weight

12336.0

Enzyme 87 Theoretical pI

7.89

Enzyme 87 GO Classification

Function
DNA binding DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity RNA polymerase activity binding catalytic activity cation binding ion binding metal ion binding nucleic acid binding nucleotidyltransferase activity transcription regulator activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups transition metal ion binding zinc ion binding
Process
biological regulation biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule biosynthetic process metabolic process regulation of biological process regulation of gene expression regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of metabolic process regulation of transcription transcription
Component
—

Enzyme 87 General Function

Involved in DNA binding

Enzyme 87 Specific Function

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase III which synthesizes small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs. Plays a key role in sensing and limiting infection by intracellular bacteria and DNA viruses. Acts as nuclear and cytosolic DNA sensor involved in innate immune response. Can sense non-self dsDNA that serves as template for transcription into dsRNA. The non-self RNA polymerase III transcripts, such as Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNAs (EBERs) induce type I interferon and NF- Kappa-B through the RIG-I pathway

Enzyme 87 Pathways

Purine Metabolism (map00230 )
Pyrimidine Metabolism (map00240 )
RNA polymerase (map03020 )

Enzyme 87 Reactions

Not Available

Enzyme 87 Pfam Domain Function

RNA_POL_M_15KD (PF02150 )
TFIIS_C (PF01096 )

Enzyme 87 Signals

None

Enzyme 87 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 87 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 87 GenBank ID Protein

14336676

Enzyme 87 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q9Y2Y1

Enzyme 87 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

RPC10_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 87 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 87 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 87 Gene Sequence

>327 bp

ATGCTGCTGTTCTGCCCCGGCTGCGGGAACGGGCTGATCGTGGAGGAGGGACAACGCTGC
CACCGCTTCTCCTGCAACACGTGCCCCTACGTGCACAACATCACCCGCAAGGTAACAAAT
CGGAAGTACCCAAAACTGAAAGAAGTGGATGATGTGCTTGGTGGAGCAGCTGCCTGGGAG
AATGTTGACTCTACTGCAGAGTCGTGTCCCAAATGCGAACATCCTCGTGCTTACTTCATG
CAGCTTCAGACCCGCTCTGCAGATGAGCCGATGACCACCTTCTACAAGTGCTGCAATGCT
CAGTGTGGACACCGCTGGAGGGATTAG

Enzyme 87 GenBank Gene ID

AE006462

Enzyme 87 GeneCard ID

POLR3K

Enzyme 87 GenAtlas ID

POLR3K

Enzyme 87 HGNC ID

HGNC:14121 Link Image

Enzyme 87 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 87 Locus

16p13.3

Enzyme 87 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 87 General References

Chedin S, Riva M, Schultz P, Sentenac A, Carles C: The RNA cleavage activity of RNA polymerase III is mediated by an essential TFIIS-like subunit and is important for transcription termination. Genes Dev. 1998 Dec 15;12(24):3857-71. [PubMed ]
Spakovskii GV, Lebedenko EN: [Molecular identification and characteristics of hRPC11, the smallest specific subunit of human RNA polymerase III] Bioorg Khim. 1998 Nov;24(11):877-80. [PubMed ]
De Gobbi M, Viprakasit V, Hughes JR, Fisher C, Buckle VJ, Ayyub H, Gibbons RJ, Vernimmen D, Yoshinaga Y, de Jong P, Cheng JF, Rubin EM, Wood WG, Bowden D, Higgs DR: A regulatory SNP causes a human genetic disease by creating a new transcriptional promoter. Science. 2006 May 26;312(5777):1215-7. [PubMed ]
Daniels RJ, Peden JF, Lloyd C, Horsley SW, Clark K, Tufarelli C, Kearney L, Buckle VJ, Doggett NA, Flint J, Higgs DR: Sequence, structure and pathology of the fully annotated terminal 2 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 16. Hum Mol Genet. 2001 Feb 15;10(4):339-52. [PubMed ]
Martin J, Han C, Gordon LA, Terry A, Prabhakar S, She X, Xie G, Hellsten U, Chan YM, Altherr M, Couronne O, Aerts A, Bajorek E, Black S, Blumer H, Branscomb E, Brown NC, Bruno WJ, Buckingham JM, Callen DF, Campbell CS, Campbell ML, Campbell EW, Caoile C, Challacombe JF, Chasteen LA, Chertkov O, Chi HC, Christensen M, Clark LM, Cohn JD, Denys M, Detter JC, Dickson M, Dimitrijevic-Bussod M, Escobar J, Fawcett JJ, Flowers D, Fotopulos D, Glavina T, Gomez M, Gonzales E, Goodstein D, Goodwin LA, Grady DL, Grigoriev I, Groza M, Hammon N, Hawkins T, Haydu L, Hildebrand CE, Huang W, Israni S, Jett J, Jewett PB, Kadner K, Kimball H, Kobayashi A, Krawczyk MC, Leyba T, Longmire JL, Lopez F, Lou Y, Lowry S, Ludeman T, Manohar CF, Mark GA, McMurray KL, Meincke LJ, Morgan J, Moyzis RK, Mundt MO, Munk AC, Nandkeshwar RD, Pitluck S, Pollard M, Predki P, Parson-Quintana B, Ramirez L, Rash S, Retterer J, Ricke DO, Robinson DL, Rodriguez A, Salamov A, Saunders EH, Scott D, Shough T, Stallings RL, Stalvey M, Sutherland RD, Tapia R, Tesmer JG, Thayer N, Thompson LS, Tice H, Torney DC, Tran-Gyamfi M, Tsai M, Ulanovsky LE, Ustaszewska A, Vo N, White PS, Williams AL, Wills PL, Wu JR, Wu K, Yang J, Dejong P, Bruce D, Doggett NA, Deaven L, Schmutz J, Grimwood J, Richardson P, Rokhsar DS, Eichler EE, Gilna P, Lucas SM, Myers RM, Rubin EM, Pennacchio LA: The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16. Nature. 2004 Dec 23;432(7020):988-94. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Hu P, Wu S, Sun Y, Yuan CC, Kobayashi R, Myers MP, Hernandez N: Characterization of human RNA polymerase III identifies orthologues for Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase III subunits. Mol Cell Biol. 2002 Nov;22(22):8044-55. [PubMed ]
Chiu YH, Macmillan JB, Chen ZJ: RNA polymerase III detects cytosolic DNA and induces type I interferons through the RIG-I pathway. Cell. 2009 Aug 7;138(3):576-91. Epub 2009 Jul 23. [PubMed ]
Ablasser A, Bauernfeind F, Hartmann G, Latz E, Fitzgerald KA, Hornung V: RIG-I-dependent sensing of poly(dA:dT) through the induction of an RNA polymerase III-transcribed RNA intermediate. Nat Immunol. 2009 Oct;10(10):1065-72. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 87 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 88 [top]

Enzyme 88 ID

6040

Enzyme 88 Name

Phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase 1

Enzyme 88 Synonyms

CDP-DAG synthase 1
CDP-DG synthase 1
CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1
CDS 1
CDP-diglyceride pyrophosphorylase 1
CDP-diglyceride synthase 1
CTP:phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase 1

Enzyme 88 Gene Name

CDS1

Enzyme 88 Protein Sequence

>Phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase 1

MLELRHRGSCPGPREAVSPPHREGEAAGGDHETESTSDKETDIDDRYGDLDSRTDSDIPE
IPPSSDRTPEILKKALSGLSSRWKNWWIRGILTLTMISLFFLIIYMGSFMLMLLVLGIQV
KCFHEIITIGYRVYHSYDLPWFRTLSWYFLLCVNYFFYGETVADYFATFVQREEQLQFLI
RYHRFISFALYLAGFCMFVLSLVKKHYRLQFYMFAWTHVTLLITVTQSHLVIQNLFEGMI
WFLVPISSVICNDITAYLFGFFFGRTPLIKLSPKKTWEGFIGGFFSTVVFGFIAAYVLSK
YQYFVCPVEYRSDVNSFVTECEPSELFQLQTYSLPPFLKAVLRQERVSLYPFQIHSIALS
TFASLIGPFGGFFASGFKRAFKIKDFANTIPGHGGIMDRFDCQYLMATFVHVYITSFIRG
PNPSKVLQQLLVLQPEQQLNIYKTLKTHLIEKGILQPTLKV

Enzyme 88 Number of Residues

461

Enzyme 88 Molecular Weight

53303.6

Enzyme 88 Theoretical pI

8.19

Enzyme 88 GO Classification

Function
catalytic activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
—
Component
cell part membrane

Enzyme 88 General Function

Involved in transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups

Enzyme 88 Specific Function

Provides CDP-diacylglycerol an important precursor for the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns), phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipin. Overexpression may amplify cellular signaling responses from cytokines. May also play an important role in the signal transduction mechanism of retina and neural cells

Enzyme 88 Pathways

Phospholipid Synthesis (map00564 )
Phosphatidylinositol signaling system (map04070 )

Enzyme 88 Reactions

CTP + phosphatidate = diphosphate + CDP-diacylglycerol [RN:R01799]

Enzyme 88 Pfam Domain Function

CTP_transf_1 (PF01148 )

Enzyme 88 Signals

None

Enzyme 88 Transmembrane Regions

96-116 149-169 183-203 230-250 279-299 357-377

Enzyme 88 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 88 GenBank ID Protein

189054385

Enzyme 88 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q92903

Enzyme 88 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

CDS1_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 88 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 88 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 88 Gene Sequence

>1386 bp

ATGTTGGAGCTGAGGCACCGGGGAAGCTGCCCCGGCCCCAGGGAAGCGGTGTCGCCGCCA
CACCGCGAGGGAGAGGCGGCCGGCGGCGACCACGAAACCGAGAGCACCAGCGACAAAGAA
ACAGATATTGATGACAGATATGGAGATTTGGATTCCAGAACAGATTCTGATATTCCGGAA
ATTCCACCATCCTCAGATAGAACCCCTGAGATTCTCAAAAAAGCTCTATCTGGTTTATCT
TCAAGGTGGAAAAACTGGTGGATACGTGGAATTCTCACTCTAACTATGATCTCGTTGTTT
TTCCTGATCATCTATATGGGATCCTTCATGCTGATGCTTCTTGTTCTGGGCATCCAAGTG
AAATGCTTCCATGAAATTATCACTATAGGTTATAGAGTCTATCATTCTTATGATCTACCA
TGGTTTAGAACACTAAGTTGGTACTTTCTATTGTGTGTAAACTACTTTTTCTATGGAGAG
ACTGTAGCTGATTATTTTGCTACATTTGTTCAAAGAGAAGAACAACTTCAGTTCCTCATT
CGCTACCATAGATTTATATCATTTGCCCTCTATCTGGCAGGTTTCTGCATGTTTGTACTG
AGTTTGGTGAAGAAACATTATCGTCTGCAGTTTTATATGTTCGCATGGACTCATGTCACT
TTACTGATAACTGTCACTCAGTCACACCTTGTCATCCAAAATCTGTTTGAAGGCATGATA
TGGTTCCTTGTTCCAATATCAAGTGTTATCTGCAATGACATAACTGCTTACCTTTTTGGA
TTTTTTTTTGGGAGAACTCCATTAATTAAGTTGTCTCCTAAAAAGACTTGGGAAGGATTC
ATTGGTGGTTTCTTTTCCACAGTTGTGTTTGGATTCATTGCTGCCTATGTGTTATCCAAA
TACCAGTACTTTGTCTGCCCAGTGGAATACCGAAGTGATGTAAACTCCTTCGTGACAGAA
TGTGAGCCCTCAGAACTTTTCCAGCTTCAGACTTACTCACTTCCACCCTTTCTAAAGGCA
GTCTTGAGACAGGAAAGAGTGAGCTTGTACCCTTTCCAGATCCACAGCATTGCACTGTCA
ACCTTTGCATCTTTAATTGGCCCATTTGGAGGCTTCTTTGCTAGTGGATTCAAAAGAGCC
TTCAAAATCAAGGATTTTGCAAATACCATTCCTGGACATGGTGGGATAATGGACAGATTT
GATTGTCAGTATTTGATGGCAACTTTTGTACATGTGTACATCACAAGTTTTATAAGGGGC
CCAAATCCCAGCAAAGTGCTACAGCAGTTGTTGGTGCTTCAACCTGAACAGCAGTTAAAT
ATATATAAAACCCTGAAGACTCATCTCATTGAGAAAGGAATCCTACAACCCACCTTGAAG
GTATAA

Enzyme 88 GenBank Gene ID

AK314245

Enzyme 88 GeneCard ID

CDS1

Enzyme 88 GenAtlas ID

CDS1

Enzyme 88 HGNC ID

HGNC:1800

Enzyme 88 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 88 Locus

4q21.23

Enzyme 88 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 88 General References

Heacock AM, Uhler MD, Agranoff BW: Cloning of CDP-diacylglycerol synthase from a human neuronal cell line. J Neurochem. 1996 Nov;67(5):2200-3. [PubMed ]
Weeks R, Dowhan W, Shen H, Balantac N, Meengs B, Nudelman E, Leung DW: Isolation and expression of an isoform of human CDP-diacylglycerol synthase cDNA. DNA Cell Biol. 1997 Mar;16(3):281-9. [PubMed ]
Lykidis A, Jackson PD, Rock CO, Jackowski S: The role of CDP-diacylglycerol synthetase and phosphatidylinositol synthase activity levels in the regulation of cellular phosphatidylinositol content. J Biol Chem. 1997 Dec 26;272(52):33402-9. [PubMed ]
Halford S, Dulai KS, Daw SC, Fitzgibbon J, Hunt DM: Isolation and chromosomal localization of two human CDP-diacylglycerol synthase (CDS) genes. Genomics. 1998 Nov 15;54(1):140-4. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Sjoblom T, Jones S, Wood LD, Parsons DW, Lin J, Barber TD, Mandelker D, Leary RJ, Ptak J, Silliman N, Szabo S, Buckhaults P, Farrell C, Meeh P, Markowitz SD, Willis J, Dawson D, Willson JK, Gazdar AF, Hartigan J, Wu L, Liu C, Parmigiani G, Park BH, Bachman KE, Papadopoulos N, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Velculescu VE: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):268-74. Epub 2006 Sep 7. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 88 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 89 [top]

Enzyme 89 ID

6209

Enzyme 89 Name

Adenylate cyclase type 2

Enzyme 89 Synonyms

ATP pyrophosphate-lyase 2
Adenylate cyclase type II
Adenylyl cyclase 2

Enzyme 89 Gene Name

ADCY2

Enzyme 89 Protein Sequence

>Adenylate cyclase type 2

MWQEAMRRRRYLRDRSEEAAGGGDGLPRSRDWLYESYYCMSQQHPLIVFLLLIVMGSCLA
LLAVFFALGLEVEDHVAFLITVPTALAIFFAIFILVCIESVFKKLLRLFSLVIWICLVAM
GYLFMCFGGTVSPWDQVSFFLFIIFVVYTMLPFNMRDAIIASVLTSSSHTIVLSVCLSAT
PGGKEHLVWQILANVIIFICGNLAGAYHKHLMELALQQTYQDTCNCIKSRIKLEFEKRQQ
ERLLLSLLPAHIAMEMKAEIIQRLQGPKAGQMENTNNFHNLYVKRHTNVSILYADIVGFT
RLASDCSPGELVHMLNELFGKFDQIAKENECMRIKILGDCYYCVSGLPISLPNHAKNCVK
MGLDMCEAIKKVRDATGVDINMRVGVHSGNVLCGVIGLQKWQYDVWSHDVTLANHMEAGG
VPGRVHISSVTLEHLNGAYKVEEGDGDIRDPYLKQHLVKTYFVINPKGERRSPQHLFRPR
HTLDGAKMRASVRMTRYLESWGAAKPFAHLHHRDSMTTENGKISTTDVPMGQHNFQNRTL
RTKSQKKRFEEELNERMIQAIDGINAQKQWLKSEDIQRISLLFYNKVLEKEYRATALPAF
KYYVTCACLIFFCIFIVQILVLPKTSVLGISFGAAFLLLAFILFVCFAGQLLQCSKKASP
LLMWLLKSSGIIANRPWPRISLTIITTAIILMMAVFNMFFLSDSEETIPPTANTTNTSFS
ASNNQVAILRAQNLFFLPYFIYSCILGLISCSVFLRVNYELKMLIMMVALVGYNTILLHT
HAHVLGDYSQVLFERPGIWKDLKTMGSVSLSIFFITLLVLGRQNEYYCRLDFLWKNKFKK
EREEIETMENLNRVLLENVLPAHVAEHFLARSLKNEELYHQSYDCVCVMFASIPDFKEFY
TESDVNKEGLECLRLLNEIIADFDDLLSKPKFSGVEKIKTIGSTYMAATGLSAVPSQEHS
QEPERQYMHIGTMVEFAFALVGKLDAINKHSFNDFKLRVGINHGPVIAGVIGAQKPQYDI
WGNTVNVASRMDSTGVLDKIQVTEETSLVLQTLGYTCTCRGIINVKGKGDLKTYFVNTEM
SRSLSQSNVAS

Enzyme 89 Number of Residues

1091

Enzyme 89 Molecular Weight

123602.2

Enzyme 89 Theoretical pI

8.15

Enzyme 89 GO Classification

Function
adenylate cyclase activity catalytic activity cyclase activity lyase activity phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity
Process
cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process intracellular signaling pathway metabolic process nitrogen compound metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process nucleoside phosphate metabolic process nucleotide metabolic process signaling signaling pathway
Component
cell part integral to membrane intrinsic to membrane membrane part

Enzyme 89 General Function

Involved in phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity

Enzyme 89 Specific Function

This is a membrane-bound, calmodulin-insensitive adenylyl cyclase

Enzyme 89 Pathways

Purine Metabolism (map00230 )

Enzyme 89 Reactions

ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate [RN:R00089]

Enzyme 89 Pfam Domain Function

DUF1053 (PF06327 )
Guanylate_cyc (PF00211 )

Enzyme 89 Signals

None

Enzyme 89 Transmembrane Regions

46-66 76-96 108-128 133-153 159-179 187-207 602-622 628-652 680-701 734-755 763-780 801-821

Enzyme 89 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 89 GenBank ID Protein

115387102

Enzyme 89 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q08462

Enzyme 89 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

ADCY2_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 89 PDB ID

1AB8

Enzyme 89 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 89 3D Structure

Enzyme 89 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 89 Gene Sequence

>3276 bp

ATGTGGCAGGAGGCGATGCGGCGCCGCCGCTACCTGCGGGACCGCTCCGAGGAGGCGGCG
GGCGGCGGAGACGGGCTGCCGCGGTCCCGGGACTGGCTCTACGAGTCCTACTACTGCATG
AGCCAGCAGCACCCGCTCATCGTCTTCCTGCTGCTCATCGTCATGGGCTCCTGCCTCGCC
CTGCTCGCCGTCTTCTTCGCGCTCGGGCTGGAAGTTGAAGACCATGTGGCGTTTCTAATA
ACAGTTCCAACTGCCCTGGCGATTTTCTTTGCGATATTTATCCTGGTCTGCATCGAGTCT
GTGTTTAAGAAGCTGCTGCGCCTCTTCTCGTTGGTGATATGGATATGCCTTGTTGCCATG
GGATACCTGTTCATGTGTTTTGGAGGCACCGTCTCTCCCTGGGACCAGGTATCGTTCTTC
CTCTTCATCATCTTCGTGGTGTACACCATGCTGCCCTTCAACATGCGAGACGCCATCATT
GCCAGCGTCCTCACCTCCTCCTCCCACACCATCGTGCTTAGCGTCTGCCTGTCTGCAACA
CCGGGAGGCAAGGAGCACCTGGTCTGGCAGATCCTGGCCAATGTGATCATTTTCATCTGT
GGGAACCTGGCGGGAGCCTACCATAAGCACCTCATGGAACTCGCTCTTCAGCAAACATAT
CAGGACACCTGTAATTGCATCAAGTCGCGGATCAAGTTGGAATTTGAAAAACGTCAACAG
GAGCGGCTTCTGCTCTCCCTGCTGCCGGCCCACATCGCCATGGAGATGAAAGCGGAGATC
ATCCAGAGGCTGCAGGGCCCCAAGGCGGGCCAGATGGAGAACACAAATAACTTCCACAAC
CTGTATGTGAAGCGGCATACAAACGTGAGCATCTTATACGCTGACATCGTTGGCTTTACC
CGGCTGGCAAGTGACTGCTCCCCGGGAGAACTAGTCCACATGCTGAATGAGCTCTTTGGA
AAGTTTGATCAAATTGCAAAGGAGAATGAATGCATGAGAATTAAAATTTTAGGAGACTGC
TACTACTGTGTATCTGGACTCCCTATATCTCTCCCTAACCATGCCAAGAACTGTGTGAAA
ATGGGGCTGGACATGTGTGAAGCCATAAAGAAAGTGAGGGATGCTACTGGAGTTGATATC
AACATGCGCGTGGGCGTGCATTCTGGGAATGTCCTGTGTGGCGTGATTGGTCTGCAGAAG
TGGCAATATGATGTGTGGTCACATGATGTGACCTTGGCCAACCACATGGAAGCTGGAGGG
GTCCCTGGACGTGTTCACATTTCTTCTGTCACCCTGGAGCACTTGAATGGCGCTTATAAA
GTGGAGGAGGGAGATGGTGACATTAGGGACCCATATTTAAAACAGCACCTGGTGAAAACC
TACTTTGTGATCAACCCCAAGGGAGAACGACGGAGCCCCCAGCATCTCTTCAGACCTCGC
CACACCCTTGATGGAGCCAAAATGAGGGCCTCGGTCCGCATGACCCGGTACTTGGAGTCC
TGGGGGGCAGCCAAGCCCTTTGCACACCTACATCACAGGGACAGCATGACCACAGAGAAC
GGCAAGATCAGCACCACGGATGTACCCATGGGTCAGCATAATTTTCAAAATCGCACCTTA
AGAACCAAGTCACAAAAGAAGAGATTTGAAGAAGAATTGAATGAAAGGATGATTCAAGCA
ATTGATGGGATTAATGCACAGAAGCAATGGCTCAAGTCTGAAGACATTCAGAGAATCTCA
CTGCTTTTCTATAACAAAGTACTAGAAAAAGAGTACCGGGCCACGGCACTGCCAGCGTTC
AAGTATTATGTGACTTGTGCCTGTCTCATATTCTTCTGCATCTTCATTGTGCAGATTCTC
GTGCTGCCAAAAACGTCCGTCCTGGGCATCTCCTTTGGGGCTGCGTTTCTCTTGCTGGCC
TTCATCCTCTTCGTCTGCTTTGCTGGACAGCTTCTGCAATGCAGCAAAAAAGCCTCTCCC
CTGCTCATGTGGCTTTTGAAGTCCTCGGGCATCATTGCCAACCGCCCCTGGCCACGGATC
TCTCTCACGATCATCACCACAGCCATCATATTAATGATGGCCGTGTTCAACATGTTTTTC
CTGAGTGACTCAGAGGAAACAATCCCTCCAACTGCCAACACAACAAACACAAGCTTTTCA
GCCTCAAATAATCAGGTGGCGATTCTGCGTGCGCAGAATTTATTTTTCCTCCCGTACTTT
ATCTACAGCTGCATTCTGGGACTGATATCCTGTTCCGTGTTCCTGCGGGTAAACTATGAG
CTGAAGATGTTGATCATGATGGTGGCCTTGGTGGGCTACAACACCATCCTACTCCACACC
CACGCCCACGTCCTGGGCGACTACAGCCAGGTCTTATTTGAGAGACCAGGCATTTGGAAA
GACCTGAAGACCATGGGCTCTGTGTCTCTCTCTATATTCTTCATCACACTGCTTGTTCTG
GGTAGACAGAATGAATATTACTGTAGGTTAGACTTCTTATGGAAGAACAAATTCAAAAAA
GAGCGGGAGGAGATAGAGACCATGGAGAACCTGAACCGCGTGCTGCTGGAGAACGTGCTT
CCCGCGCACGTGGCTGAGCACTTCCTGGCCAGGAGCCTGAAGAATGAGGAGCTATACCAC
CAGTCCTATGACTGCGTCTGCGTCATGTTTGCCTCCATTCCGGATTTCAAAGAATTTTAT
ACAGAATCCGACGTGAACAAGGAGGGCTTGGAATGCCTTCGGCTCCTGAACGAGATCATC
GCTGACTTTGATGATCTTCTTTCCAAGCCAAAATTCAGTGGAGTTGAAAAGATTAAGACC
ATTGGCAGCACATACATGGCAGCAACAGGTCTGAGCGCTGTGCCCAGCCAGGAGCACTCC
CAGGAGCCCGAGCGGCAGTACATGCACATTGGCACCATGGTGGAGTTTGCTTTTGCCCTG
GTAGGGAAGCTGGATGCCATCAACAAGCACTCCTTCAACGACTTCAAATTGCGAGTGGGT
ATTAACCATGGACCTGTGATAGCTGGTGTGATTGGAGCTCAGAAGCCACAATATGATATC
TGGGGCAACACTGTCAATGTGGCCAGTAGGATGGACAGCACCGGAGTCCTGGACAAAATA
CAGGTTACCGAGGAGACGAGCCTCGTCCTGCAGACCCTCGGATACACGTGCACCTGTCGA
GGAATAATCAACGTGAAAGGAAAGGGGGACCTGAAGACGTACTTTGTAAACACAGAAATG
TCAAGGTCCCTTTCCCAGAGCAACGTGGCATCCTGA

Enzyme 89 GenBank Gene ID

NM_020546.2 Link Image

Enzyme 89 GeneCard ID

ADCY2

Enzyme 89 GenAtlas ID

ADCY2

Enzyme 89 HGNC ID

HGNC:233

Enzyme 89 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 89 Locus

5p15.3

Enzyme 89 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 89 General References

Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Kikuno R, Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Hirosawa M, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XIV. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro. DNA Res. 1999 Jun 30;6(3):197-205. [PubMed ]
Stengel D, Parma J, Gannage MH, Roeckel N, Mattei MG, Barouki R, Hanoune J: Different chromosomal localization of two adenylyl cyclase genes expressed in human brain. Hum Genet. 1992 Sep-Oct;90(1-2):126-30. [PubMed ]
Hellevuo K, Yoshimura M, Kao M, Hoffman PL, Cooper DM, Tabakoff B: A novel adenylyl cyclase sequence cloned from the human erythroleukemia cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Apr 15;192(1):311-8. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 89 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 90 [top]

Enzyme 90 ID

6219

Enzyme 90 Name

Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase

Enzyme 90 Synonyms

GGPP synthase
GGPPSase
Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase
Dimethylallyltranstransferase
Geranyltranstransferase
Farnesyltranstransferase

Enzyme 90 Gene Name

GGPS1

Enzyme 90 Protein Sequence

>Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase

MEKTQETVQRILLEPYKYLLQLPGKQVRTKLSQAFNHWLKVPEDKLQIIIEVTEMLHNAS
LLIDDIEDNSKLRRGFPVAHSIYGIPSVINSANYVYFLGLEKVLTLDHPDAVKLFTRQLL
ELHQGQGLDIYWRDNYTCPTEEEYKAMVLQKTGGLFGLAVGLMQLFSDYKEDLKPLLNTL
GLFFQIRDDYANLHSKEYSENKSFCEDLTEGKFSFPTIHAIWSRPESTQVQNILRQRTEN
IDIKKYCVHYLEDVGSFEYTRNTLKELEAKAYKQIDARGGNPELVALVKHLSKMFKEENE

Enzyme 90 Number of Residues

300

Enzyme 90 Molecular Weight

34870.6

Enzyme 90 Theoretical pI

6.06

Enzyme 90 GO Classification

Function
—
Process
cellular lipid metabolic process isoprenoid biosynthetic process isoprenoid metabolic process lipid metabolic process metabolic process primary metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 90 General Function

Involved in isoprenoid biosynthetic process

Enzyme 90 Specific Function

Catalyzes the trans-addition of the three molecules of IPP onto DMAPP to form geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, an important precursor of carotenoids and geranylated proteins

Enzyme 90 Pathways

Steroid Biosynthesis (map00100 )
Squalene Biosynthesis (map00900 )

Enzyme 90 Reactions

trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate [RN:R02061]

Enzyme 90 Pfam Domain Function

polyprenyl_synt (PF00348 )

Enzyme 90 Signals

None

Enzyme 90 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 90 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 90 GenBank ID Protein

Not Available

Enzyme 90 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

O95749

Enzyme 90 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

GGPPS_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 90 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 90 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 90 Gene Sequence

>903 bp

ATGGAGAAGACTCAAGAAACAGTCCAAAGAATTCTTCTAGAACCCTATAAATACTTACTT
CAGTTACCAGGTAAACAAGTGAGAACCAAACTTTCACAGGCATTTAATCATTGGCTGAAA
GTTCCAGAGGACAAGCTACAGATTATTATTGAAGTGACAGAAATGTTGCATAATGCCAGT
TTACTCATCGATGATATTGAAGACAACTCAAAACTCCGACGTGGCTTTCCAGTGGCCCAC
AGCATCTATGGAATCCCATCTGTCATCAATTCTGCCAATTACGTGTATTTCCTTGGCTTG
GAGAAAGTCTTAACCCTTGATCACCCAGATGCAGTGAAGCTTTTTACCCGCCAGCTTTTG
GAACTCCATCAGGGACAAGGCCTAGATATTTACTGGAGGGATAATTACACTTGTCCCACT
GAAGAAGAATATAAAGCTATGGTGCTGCAGAAAACAGGTGGACTGTTTGGATTAGCAGTA
GGTCTCATGCAGTTGTTCTCTGATTACAAAGAAGATTTAAAACCGCTACTTAATACACTT
GGGCTCTTTTTCCAAATTAGGGATGATTATGCTAATCTACACTCCAAAGAATATAGTGAA
AACAAAAGTTTTTGTGAAGATCTGACAGAGGGAAAGTTCTCATTTCCTACTATTCATGCT
ATTTGGTCAAGGCCTGAAAGCACCCAGGTGCAGAATATCTTGCGCCAGAGAACAGAAAAC
ATAGATATAAAAAAATACTGTGTACATTATCTTGAGGATGTAGGTTCTTTTGAATACACT
CGTAATACCCTTAAAGAGCTTGAAGCTAAAGCCTATAAACAGATTGATGCACGTGGTGGG
AACCCTGAGCTAGTAGCCTTAGTAAAACACTTAAGTAAGATGTTCAAAGAAGAAAATGAA
TAA

Enzyme 90 GenBank Gene ID

AB017971

Enzyme 90 GeneCard ID

GGPS1

Enzyme 90 GenAtlas ID

GGPS1

Enzyme 90 HGNC ID

HGNC:4249

Enzyme 90 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 90 Locus

1q43

Enzyme 90 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 90 General References

Ericsson J, Greene JM, Carter KC, Shell BK, Duan DR, Florence C, Edwards PA: Human geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase: isolation of the cDNA, chromosomal mapping and tissue expression. J Lipid Res. 1998 Sep;39(9):1731-9. [PubMed ]
Kuzuguchi T, Morita Y, Sagami I, Sagami H, Ogura K: Human geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase. cDNA cloning and expression. J Biol Chem. 1999 Feb 26;274(9):5888-94. [PubMed ]
Hu RM, Han ZG, Song HD, Peng YD, Huang QH, Ren SX, Gu YJ, Huang CH, Li YB, Jiang CL, Fu G, Zhang QH, Gu BW, Dai M, Mao YF, Gao GF, Rong R, Ye M, Zhou J, Xu SH, Gu J, Shi JX, Jin WR, Zhang CK, Wu TM, Huang GY, Chen Z, Chen MD, Chen JL: Gene expression profiling in the human hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and full-length cDNA cloning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Aug 15;97(17):9543-8. [PubMed ]
Kainou T, Kawamura K, Tanaka K, Matsuda H, Kawamukai M: Identification of the GGPS1 genes encoding geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases from mouse and human. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999 Mar 25;1437(3):333-40. [PubMed ]
Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
Kavanagh KL, Dunford JE, Bunkoczi G, Russell RG, Oppermann U: The crystal structure of human geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase reveals a novel hexameric arrangement and inhibitory product binding. J Biol Chem. 2006 Aug 4;281(31):22004-12. Epub 2006 May 11. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 90 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 91 [top]

Enzyme 91 ID

6220

Enzyme 91 Name

Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase

Enzyme 91 Synonyms

FPP synthase
FPS
Farnesyl diphosphate synthase
Dimethylallyltranstransferase
Geranyltranstransferase

Enzyme 91 Gene Name

FDPS

Enzyme 91 Protein Sequence

>Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase

MPLSRWLRSVGVFLLPAPYWAPRERWLGSLRRPSLVHGYPVLAWHSARCWCQAWTEEPRA
LCSSLRMNGDQNSDVYAQEKQDFVQHFSQIVRVLTEDEMGHPEIGDAIARLKEVLEYNAI
GGKYNRGLTVVVAFRELVEPRKQDADSLQRAWTVGWCVELLQAFFLVADDIMDSSLTRRG
QICWYQKPGVGLDAINDANLLEACIYRLLKLYCREQPYYLNLIELFLQSSYQTEIGQTLD
LLTAPQGNVDLVRFTEKRYKSIVKYKTAFYSFYLPIAAAMYMAGIDGEKEHANAKKILLE
MGEFFQIQDDYLDLFGDPSVTGKIGTDIQDNKCSWLVVQCLQRATPEQYQILKENYGQKE
AEKVARVKALYEELDLPAVFLQYEEDSYSHIMALIEQYAAPLPPAVFLGLARKIYKRRK

Enzyme 91 Number of Residues

419

Enzyme 91 Molecular Weight

48275.0

Enzyme 91 Theoretical pI

6.02

Enzyme 91 GO Classification

Function
—
Process
cellular lipid metabolic process isoprenoid biosynthetic process isoprenoid metabolic process lipid metabolic process metabolic process primary metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 91 General Function

Involved in isoprenoid biosynthetic process

Enzyme 91 Specific Function

Key enzyme in isoprenoid biosynthesis which catalyzes the formation of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), a precursor for several classes of essential metabolites including sterols, dolichols, carotenoids, and ubiquinones. FPP also serves as substrate for protein farnesylation and geranylgeranylation. Catalyzes the sequential condensation of isopentenyl pyrophosphate with the allylic pyrophosphates, dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, and then with the resultant geranylpyrophosphate to the ultimate product farnesyl pyrophosphate

Enzyme 91 Pathways

Steroid Biosynthesis (map00100 )
Squalene Biosynthesis (map00900 )

Enzyme 91 Reactions

geranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate [RN:R02003]

Enzyme 91 Pfam Domain Function

polyprenyl_synt (PF00348 )

Enzyme 91 Signals

None

Enzyme 91 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 91 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 91 GenBank ID Protein

158255604

Enzyme 91 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P14324

Enzyme 91 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

FPPS_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 91 PDB ID

1YV5

Enzyme 91 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 91 3D Structure

Enzyme 91 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 91 Gene Sequence

>1260 bp

ATGCCCCTGTCCCGCTGGTTGAGATCTGTGGGGGTCTTCCTGCTGCCAGCCCCCTACTGG
GCACCCCGGGAGAGGTGGCTGGGTTCCCTACGGCGGCCCTCCCTGGTGCACGGGTACCCA
GTCCTGGCCTGGCACAGTGCCCGCTGCTGGTGCCAAGCGTGGACAGAGGAACCTCGAGCC
CTTTGCTCCTCCCTCAGAATGAACGGAGACCAGAATTCAGATGTTTATGCCCAAGAAAAG
CAGGATTTCGTTCAGCACTTCTCCCAGATCGTTAGGGTGCTGACTGAGGATGAGATGGGG
CACCCAGAGATAGGAGATGCTATTGCCCGGCTCAAGGAGGTCCTGGAGTACAATGCCATT
GGAGGCAAGTATAACCGGGGTTTGACGGTGGTAGTAGCATTCCGGGAGCTGGTGGAGCCA
AGGAAACAGGATGCTGATAGTCTCCAGCGGGCCTGGACTGTGGGCTGGTGTGTGGAACTG
CTGCAAGCTTTCTTCCTGGTGGCAGATGACATCATGGATTCATCCCTTACCCGCCGGGGA
CAGATCTGCTGGTATCAGAAGCCGGGCGTGGGTTTGGATGCCATCAATGATGCTAACCTC
CTGGAAGCATGTATCTACCGCCTGCTGAAGCTCTATTGCCGGGAGCAGCCCTATTACCTG
AACCTGATCGAGCTCTTCCTGCAGAGTTCCTATCAGACTGAGATTGGGCAGACCCTGGAC
CTCCTCACAGCCCCCCAGGGCAATGTGGATCTTGTCAGATTCACTGAAAAGAGGTACAAA
TCTATTGTCAAGTACAAGACAGCTTTCTACTCCTTCTACCTTCCTATAGCTGCAGCCATG
TACATGGCAGGAATTGATGGCGAGAAGGAGCACGCCAATGCCAAGAAGATCCTGCTGGAG
ATGGGGGAGTTCTTTCAGATTCAGGATGATTACCTTGACCTCTTTGGGGACCCCAGTGTG
ACCGGCAAAATTGGCACTGACATCCAGGACAACAAATGCAGCTGGCTGGTGGTTCAGTGT
CTGCAACGGGCCACTCCAGAACAGTACCAGATCCTGAAGGAAAATTACGGGCAGAAGGAG
GCTGAGAAAGTGGCCCGGGTGAAGGCGCTATATGAGGAGCTGGATCTGCCAGCAGTGTTC
TTGCAATATGAGGAAGACAGTTACAGCCACATTATGGCTCTCATTGAACAGTACGCAGCA
CCCCTGCCCCCAGCCGTCTTTCTGGGGCTTGCGCGCAAAATCTACAAGCGGAGAAAGTGA

Enzyme 91 GenBank Gene ID

AK291084

Enzyme 91 GeneCard ID

FDPS

Enzyme 91 GenAtlas ID

FDPS

Enzyme 91 HGNC ID

HGNC:3631

Enzyme 91 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 91 Locus

1q22

Enzyme 91 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 91 General References

Nomura N, Miyajima N, Sazuka T, Tanaka A, Kawarabayasi Y, Sato S, Nagase T, Seki N, Ishikawa K, Tabata S: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. I. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0001-KIAA0040) deduced by analysis of randomly sampled cDNA clones from human immature myeloid cell line KG-1. DNA Res. 1994;1(1):27-35. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Wilkin DJ, Kutsunai SY, Edwards PA: Isolation and sequence of the human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase cDNA. Coordinate regulation of the mRNAs for farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase by phorbol ester. J Biol Chem. 1990 Mar 15;265(8):4607-14. [PubMed ]
Sheares BT, White SS, Molowa DT, Chan K, Ding VD, Kroon PA, Bostedor RG, Karkas JD: Cloning, analysis, and bacterial expression of human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase and its regulation in Hep G2 cells. Biochemistry. 1989 Oct 3;28(20):8129-35. [PubMed ]
Lefebvre L, Vanderplasschen A, Ciminale V, Heremans H, Dangoisse O, Jauniaux JC, Toussaint JF, Zelnik V, Burny A, Kettmann R, Willems L: Oncoviral bovine leukemia virus G4 and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 p13(II) accessory proteins interact with farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase. J Virol. 2002 Feb;76(3):1400-14. [PubMed ]
Wang X, Hinson ER, Cresswell P: The interferon-inducible protein viperin inhibits influenza virus release by perturbing lipid rafts. Cell Host Microbe. 2007 Aug 16;2(2):96-105. [PubMed ]
Szkopinska A, Plochocka D: Farnesyl diphosphate synthase; regulation of product specificity. Acta Biochim Pol. 2005;52(1):45-55. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
Rondeau JM, Bitsch F, Bourgier E, Geiser M, Hemmig R, Kroemer M, Lehmann S, Ramage P, Rieffel S, Strauss A, Green JR, Jahnke W: Structural basis for the exceptional in vivo efficacy of bisphosphonate drugs. ChemMedChem. 2006 Feb;1(2):267-73. [PubMed ]
Kavanagh KL, Guo K, Dunford JE, Wu X, Knapp S, Ebetino FH, Rogers MJ, Russell RG, Oppermann U: The molecular mechanism of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates as antiosteoporosis drugs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 May 16;103(20):7829-34. Epub 2006 May 9. [PubMed ]
Zhang Y, Cao R, Yin F, Hudock MP, Guo RT, Krysiak K, Mukherjee S, Gao YG, Robinson H, Song Y, No JH, Bergan K, Leon A, Cass L, Goddard A, Chang TK, Lin FY, Van Beek E, Papapoulos S, Wang AH, Kubo T, Ochi M, Mukkamala D, Oldfield E: Lipophilic bisphosphonates as dual farnesyl/geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase inhibitors: an X-ray and NMR investigation. J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Apr 15;131(14):5153-62. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 91 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 92 [top]

Enzyme 92 ID

6238

Enzyme 92 Name

DNA polymerase beta

Enzyme 92 Synonyms

Not Available

Enzyme 92 Gene Name

POLB

Enzyme 92 Protein Sequence

>DNA polymerase beta

MSKRKAPQETLNGGITDMLTELANFEKNVSQAIHKYNAYRKAASVIAKYPHKIKSGAEAK
KLPGVGTKIAEKIDEFLATGKLRKLEKIRQDDTSSSINFLTRVSGIGPSAARKFVDEGIK
TLEDLRKNEDKLNHHQRIGLKYFGDFEKRIPREEMLQMQDIVLNEVKKVDSEYIATVCGS
FRRGAESSGDMDVLLTHPSFTSESTKQPKLLHQVVEQLQKVHFITDTLSKGETKFMGVCQ
LPSKNDEKEYPHRRIDIRLIPKDQYYCGVLYFTGSDIFNKNMRAHALEKGFTINEYTIRP
LGVTGVAGEPLPVDSEKDIFDYIQWKYREPKDRSE

Enzyme 92 Number of Residues

335

Enzyme 92 Molecular Weight

38177.3

Enzyme 92 Theoretical pI

9.41

Enzyme 92 GO Classification

Function
DNA binding DNA polymerase activity DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity binding catalytic activity nucleic acid binding nucleotidyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
DNA metabolic process DNA repair DNA replication cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 92 General Function

Involved in DNA binding

Enzyme 92 Specific Function

Repair polymerase. Conducts "gap-filling" DNA synthesis in a stepwise distributive fashion rather than in a processive fashion as for other DNA polymerases. Has a 5'-deoxyribose-5- phosphate lyase (dRP lyase) activity

Enzyme 92 Pathways

DNA polymerase (map03030 )
Purine Metabolism (map00230 )
Pyrimidine Metabolism (map00240 )

Enzyme 92 Reactions

deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn = diphosphate + DNAn+1 [RN:R00379]

Enzyme 92 Pfam Domain Function

DNA_pol_lambd_f (PF10391 )

Enzyme 92 Signals

None

Enzyme 92 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 92 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 92 GenBank ID Protein

292397

Enzyme 92 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P06746

Enzyme 92 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

DPOLB_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 92 PDB ID

8ICK

Enzyme 92 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 92 3D Structure

Enzyme 92 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 92 Gene Sequence

>1008 bp

ATGAGCAAACGGAAGGCGCCGCAGGAGACTCTCAACGGGGGAATCACCGACATGCTCACA
GAACTCGCAAACTTTGAGAAGAACGTGAGCCAAGCTATCCACAAGTACAATGCTTACAGA
AAAGCAGCATCTGTTATAGCAAAATACCCACACAAAATAAAGAGTGGAGCTGAAGCTAAG
AAATTGCCTGGAGTAGGAACAAAAATTGCTGAAAAGATTGATGAGTTTTTAGCAACTGGA
AAATTACGTAAACTGGAAAAGATTCGGCAGGATGATACGAGTTCATCCATCAATTTCCTG
ACTCGAGTTAGTGGCATTGGTCCATCTGCTGCAAGGAAGTTTGTAGATGAAGGAATTAAA
ACACTAGAAGATCTCAGAAAAAATGAAGATAAATTGAACCATCATCAGCGAATTGGGCTG
AAATATTTTGGGGACTTTGAAAAAAGAATTCCTCGTGAAGAGATGTTACAAATGCAAGAT
ATTGTACTAAATGAAGTTAAAAAAGTGGATTCTGAATACATTGCTACAGTCTGTGGCAGT
TTCAGAAGAGGTGCAGAGTCCAGTGGTGACATGGATGTTCTCCTGACCCATCCCAGCTTC
ACTTCAGAATCAACCAAACAGCCAAAACTGTTACATCAGGTTGTGGAGCAGTTACAAAAG
GTTCATTTTATCACAGATACCCTGTCAAAGGGTGAGACAAAGTTCATGGGTGTTTGCCAG
CTTCCCAGTAAAAATGATGAAAAAGAATATCCACACAGAAGAATTGATATCAGGTTGATA
CCCAAAGATCAGTATTACTGTGGTGTTCTCTATTTCACTGGGAGTGATATTTTCAATAAG
AATATGAGGGCTCATGCCCTAGAAAAGGGTTTCACAATCAATGAGTACACCATCCGTCCC
TTGGGAGTCACTGGAGTTGCAGGAGAACCCCTGCCAGTGGATAGTGAAAAAGACATCTTT
GATTACATCCAGTGGAAATACCGGGAACCCAAGGACCGGAGCGAATGA

Enzyme 92 GenBank Gene ID

L11607

Enzyme 92 GeneCard ID

POLB

Enzyme 92 GenAtlas ID

POLB

Enzyme 92 HGNC ID

HGNC:9174

Enzyme 92 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 92 Locus

8p11.2

Enzyme 92 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 92 General References

Patterson TA, Little W, Cheng X, Widen SG, Kumar A, Beard WA, Wilson SH: Molecular cloning and high-level expression of human polymerase beta cDNA and comparison of the purified recombinant human and rat enzymes. Protein Expr Purif. 2000 Feb;18(1):100-10. [PubMed ]
Dobashi Y, Kubota Y, Shuin T, Torigoe S, Yao M, Hosaka M: Polymorphisms in the human DNA polymerase beta gene. Hum Genet. 1995 Apr;95(4):389-90. [PubMed ]
Chyan YJ, Ackerman S, Shepherd NS, McBride OW, Widen SG, Wilson SH, Wood TG: The human DNA polymerase beta gene structure. Evidence of alternative splicing in gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Jul 25;22(14):2719-25. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Widen SG, Kedar P, Wilson SH: Human beta-polymerase gene. Structure of the 5'-flanking region and active promoter. J Biol Chem. 1988 Nov 15;263(32):16992-8. [PubMed ]
Abbotts J, SenGupta DN, Zmudzka B, Widen SG, Notario V, Wilson SH: Expression of human DNA polymerase beta in Escherichia coli and characterization of the recombinant enzyme. Biochemistry. 1988 Feb 9;27(3):901-9. [PubMed ]
SenGupta DN, Zmudzka BZ, Kumar P, Cobianchi F, Skowronski J, Wilson SH: Sequence of human DNA polymerase beta mRNA obtained through cDNA cloning. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1986 Apr 14;136(1):341-7. [PubMed ]
Matsumoto Y, Kim K, Katz DS, Feng JA: Catalytic center of DNA polymerase beta for excision of deoxyribose phosphate groups. Biochemistry. 1998 May 5;37(18):6456-64. [PubMed ]
DeMott MS, Beyret E, Wong D, Bales BC, Hwang JT, Greenberg MM, Demple B: Covalent trapping of human DNA polymerase beta by the oxidative DNA lesion 2-deoxyribonolactone. J Biol Chem. 2002 Mar 8;277(10):7637-40. Epub 2002 Jan 22. [PubMed ]
El-Andaloussi N, Valovka T, Toueille M, Steinacher R, Focke F, Gehrig P, Covic M, Hassa PO, Schar P, Hubscher U, Hottiger MO: Arginine methylation regulates DNA polymerase beta. Mol Cell. 2006 Apr 7;22(1):51-62. [PubMed ]
Pelletier H, Sawaya MR, Wolfle W, Wilson SH, Kraut J: A structural basis for metal ion mutagenicity and nucleotide selectivity in human DNA polymerase beta. Biochemistry. 1996 Oct 1;35(39):12762-77. [PubMed ]
Pelletier H, Sawaya MR: Characterization of the metal ion binding helix-hairpin-helix motifs in human DNA polymerase beta by X-ray structural analysis. Biochemistry. 1996 Oct 1;35(39):12778-87. [PubMed ]
Sawaya MR, Prasad R, Wilson SH, Kraut J, Pelletier H: Crystal structures of human DNA polymerase beta complexed with gapped and nicked DNA: evidence for an induced fit mechanism. Biochemistry. 1997 Sep 16;36(37):11205-15. [PubMed ]
Krahn JM, Beard WA, Miller H, Grollman AP, Wilson SH: Structure of DNA polymerase beta with the mutagenic DNA lesion 8-oxodeoxyguanine reveals structural insights into its coding potential. Structure. 2003 Jan;11(1):121-7. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 92 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 93 [top]

Enzyme 93 ID

6239

Enzyme 93 Name

DNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunit

Enzyme 93 Synonyms

DNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunit p180

Enzyme 93 Gene Name

POLA1

Enzyme 93 Protein Sequence

>DNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunit

MAPVHGDDSLSDSGSFVSSRARREKKSKKGRQEALERLKKAKAGEKYKYEVEDFTGVYEE
VDEEQYSKLVQARQDDDWIVDDDGIGYVEDGREIFDDDLEDDALDADEKGKDGKARNKDK
RNVKKLAVTKPNNIKSMFIACAGKKTADKAVDLSKDGLLGDILQDLNTETPQITPPPVMI
LKKKRSIGASPNPFSVHTATAVPSGKIASPVSRKEPPLTPVPLKRAEFAGDDVQVESTEE
EQESGAMEFEDGDFDEPMEVEEVDLEPMAAKAWDKESEPAEEVKQEADSGKGTVSYLGSF
LPDVSCWDIDQEGDSSFSVQEVQVDSSHLPLVKGADEEQVFHFYWLDAYEDQYNQPGVVF
LFGKVWIESAETHVSCCVMVKNIERTLYFLPREMKIDLNTGKETGTPISMKDVYEEFDEK
IATKYKIMKFKSKPVEKNYAFEIPDVPEKSEYLEVKYSAEMPQLPQDLKGETFSHVFGTN
TSSLELFLMNRKIKGPCWLEVKSPQLLNQPVSWCKVEAMALKPDLVNVIKDVSPPPLVVM
AFSMKTMQNAKNHQNEIIAMAALVHHSFALDKAAPKPPFQSHFCVVSKPKDCIFPYAFKE
VIEKKNVKVEVAATERTLLGFFLAKVHKIDPDIIVGHNIYGFELEVLLQRINVCKAPHWS
KIGRLKRSNMPKLGGRSGFGERNATCGRMICDVEISAKELIRCKSYHLSELVQQILKTER
VVIPMENIQNMYSESSQLLYLLEHTWKDAKFILQIMCELNVLPLALQITNIAGNIMSRTL
MGGRSERNEFLLLHAFYENNYIVPDKQIFRKPQQKLGDEDEEIDGDTNKYKKGRKKAAYA
GGLVLDPKVGFYDKFILLLDFNSLYPSIIQEFNICFTTVQRVASEAQKVTEDGEQEQIPE
LPDPSLEMGILPREIRKLVERRKQVKQLMKQQDLNPDLILQYDIRQKALKLTANSMYGCL
GFSYSRFYAKPLAALVTYKGREILMHTKEMVQKMNLEVIYGDTDSIMINTNSTNLEEVFK
LGNKVKSEVNKLYKLLEIDIDGVFKSLLLLKKKKYAALVVEPTSDGNYVTKQELKGLDIV
RRDWCDLAKDTGNFVIGQILSDQSRDTIVENIQKRLIEIGENVLNGSVPVSQFEINKALT
KDPQDYPDKKSLPHVHVALWINSQGGRKVKAGDTVSYVICQDGSNLTASQRAYAPEQLQK
QDNLTIDTQYYLAQQIHPVVARICEPIDGIDAVLIATWLGLDPTQFRVHHYHKDEENDAL
LGGPAQLTDEEKYRDCERFKCPCPTCGTENIYDNVFDGSGTDMEPSLYRCSNIDCKASPL
TFTVQLSNKLIMDIRRFIKKYYDGWLICEEPTCRNRTRHLPLQFSRTGPLCPACMKATLQ
PEYSDKSLYTQLCFYRYIFDAECALEKLTTDHEKDKLKKQFFTPKVLQDYRKLKNTAEQF
LSRSGYSEVNLSKLFAGCAVKS

Enzyme 93 Number of Residues

1462

Enzyme 93 Molecular Weight

165911.4

Enzyme 93 Theoretical pI

5.59

Enzyme 93 GO Classification

Function
DNA binding DNA polymerase activity DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity binding catalytic activity nucleic acid binding nucleoside binding nucleotide binding nucleotidyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
DNA metabolic process DNA replication cellular macromolecule metabolic process cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process nitrogen compound metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
Component
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle membrane-bounded organelle nucleus organelle

Enzyme 93 General Function

Involved in nucleotide binding

Enzyme 93 Specific Function

Plays an essential role in the initiation of DNA replication. During the S phase of the cell cycle, the DNA polymerase alpha complex (composed of a catalytic subunit POLA1/p180, a regulatory subunit POLA2/p70 and two primase subunits PRIM1/p49 and PRIM2/p58) is recruited to DNA at the replicative forks via direct interactions with MCM10 and WDHD1. The primase subunit of the polymerase alpha complex initiates DNA synthesis by oligomerising short RNA primers on both leading and lagging strands. These primers are initially extended by the polymerase alpha catalytic subunit and subsequently transferred to polymerase delta and polymerase epsilon for processive synthesis on the lagging and leading strand, respectively. The reason this transfer occurs is because the polymerase alpha has limited processivity and lacks intrinsic 3' exonuclease activity for proofreading error, and therefore is not well suited for replicating long complexes

Enzyme 93 Pathways

DNA polymerase (map03030 )
Purine Metabolism (map00230 )
Pyrimidine Metabolism (map00240 )

Enzyme 93 Reactions

deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn = diphosphate + DNAn+1 [RN:R00379]

Enzyme 93 Pfam Domain Function

DNA_pol_B (PF00136 )
DNA_pol_B_exo (PF03104 )
zf-DNA_Pol (PF08996 )

Enzyme 93 Signals

None

Enzyme 93 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 93 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 93 GenBank ID Protein

35568

Enzyme 93 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P09884

Enzyme 93 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

DPOLA_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 93 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 93 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 93 Gene Sequence

>4389 bp

ATGGCACCTGTGCACGGCGACGACTCTCTGTCAGATTCAGGGAGTTTTGTATCTTCTCGA
GCCCGGCGAGAAAAAAAATCAAAGAAGGGGCGCCAAGAAGCCCTAGAAAGACTGAAAAAG
GCTAAAGCTGGTGAGAAGTATAAATATGAAGTCGAGGACTTCACAGGTGTTTATGAAGAA
GTTGATGAAGAACAGTATTCGAAGCTGGTTCAGGCACGCCAGGATGATGACTGGATTGTG
GATGATGATGGTATTGGCTATGTGGAAGATGGCCGAGAGATTTTTGATGATGACCTTGAA
GATGATGCCCTTGATGCTGATGAGAAAGGAAAAGATGGTAAAGCACGCAATAAAGACAAG
AGGAATGTAAAGAAGCTCGCAGTGACAAAACCGAACAACATTAAGTCAATGTTCATTGCT
TGTGCTGGAAAGAAAACTGCAGATAAAGCTGTAGACTTGTCCAAGGATGGTCTGCTAGGT
GACATTCTACAGGATCTTAACACTGAGACACCTCAAATAACTCCACCACCTGTAATGATA
CTGAAGAAGAAAAGATCCATTGGAGCTTCACCGAATCCTTTCTCTGTGCACACCGCCACG
GCAGTTCCTTCAGGAAAAATTGCTTCCCCTGTCTCCAGAAAGGAGCCTCCATTAACTCCT
GTTCCTCTTAAACGTGCTGAATTTGCTGGCGATGATGTACAGGTCGAGAGTACAGAAGAA
GAGCAGGAGTCAGGGGCAATGGAGTTTGAAGATGGTGACTTTGATGAGCCCATGGAAGTT
GAAGAGGTGGACCTGGAGCCTATGGCTGCCAAGGCTTGGGACAAAGAGAGTGAGCCAGCA
GAGGAAGTGAAACAAGAGGCGGATTCTGGGAAAGGGACCGTGTCCTACTTAGGAAGTTTT
CTCCCGGATGTCTCTTGTTGGGACATTGATCAAGAAGGTGATAGCAGTTTCTCAGTGCAA
GAAGTTCAAGTGGATTCCAGTCACCTCCCATTGGTAAAAGGGGCAGATGAGGAACAAGTA
TTCCACTTTTATTGGTTGGATGCTTATGAGGATCAGTACAACCAACCAGGTGTGGTATTT
CTGTTTGGGAAAGTTTGGATTGAATCAGCCGAGACCCATGTGAGCTGTTGTGTCATGGTG
AAAAATATCGAGCGAACGCTTTACTTCCTTCCCCGTGAAATGAAAATTGATCTAAATACG
GGGAAAGAAACAGGAACTCCAATTTCAATGAAGGATGTTTATGAGGAATTTGATGAGAAA
ATAGCAACAAAATATAAAATTATGAAGTTCAAGTCTAAGCCAGTGGAAAAGAACTATGCT
TTTGAGATACCTGATGTTCCAGAAAAATCTGAGTACTTGGAAGTTAAATACTCGGCTGAA
ATGCCACAGCTTCCTCAAGATTTGAAAGGAGAAACTTTTTCTCATGTATTTGGGACCAAC
ACATCTAGCCTGGAACTGTTCTTGATGAACAGAAAGATCAAAGGACCTTGTTGGCTTGAA
GTAAAAAAGTCCACAGCTCTTAATCAGCCAGTCAGTTGGTGTAAAGTTGAGGCAATGGCT
TTGAAACCAGACCTGGTGAATGTAATTAAGGATGTCAGTCCACCACCGCTTGTCGTGATG
GCTTTCAGCATGAAGACAATGCAGAATGCAAAGAACCATCAAAATGAGATTATTGCTATG
GCAGCTTTGGTCCATCACAGTTTTGCATTGGATAAAGCAGCCCCAAAGCCTCCCTTTCAG
TCACACTTCTGTGTTGTGTCTAAACCAAAGGACTGTATTTTTCCATATGCTTTCAAAGAA
GTCATTGAGAAAAAGAATGTGAAGGTTGAGGTTGCTGCAACAGAAAGAACACTGCTAGGT
TTTTTCCTTGCAAAAGTTCACAAAATTGATCCTGATATCATTGTGGGTCATAATATTTAT
GGGTTTGAACTGGAAGTACTACTGCAGAGAATTAATGTGTGCAAAGCTCCTCACTGGTCC
AAGATAGGTCGACTGAAGCGATCCAACATGCCAAAGCTTGGGGGCCGGAGTGGATTTGGT
GAAAGAAATGCTACCTGTGGTCGAATGATCTGTGATGTGGAAATTTCAGCAAAGGAATTG
ATTCGTTGTAAAAGCTACCATCTGTCTGAACTTGTTCAGCAGATTCTAAAAACTGAAAGG
GTTGTAATCCCAATGGAAAATATACAAAATATGTACAGTGAATCTTCTCAACTGTTATAC
CTGTTGGAACACACCTGGAAAGATGCCAAGTTCATTTTGCAGATCATGTGTGAGCTAAAT
GTTCTTCCATTAGCATTGCAGATCACTAACATCGCTGGGAACATTATGTCCAGGACGCTG
ATGGGTGGACGATCCGAGCGTAACGAGTTCTTGTTGCTTCATGCATTTTACGAAAACAAC
TATATTGTGCCTGACAAGCAGATTTTCAGAAAGCCTCAGCAAAAACTGGGAGATGAAGAT
GAAGAAATTGATGGAGATACCAATAAATACAAGAAAGGACGTAAGAAAGGAGCTTATGCT
GGAGGCTTGGTTTTGGACCCCAAAGTTGGTTTTTATGATAAGTTCATTTTGCTTCTGGAC
TTCAACAGTCTATATCCTTCCATCATTCAGGAATTTAACATTTGTTTTACAACAGTACAA
AGAGTTGCTTCAGAGGCACAGAAAGTTACAGAGGATGGAGAACAAGAACAGATCCCTGAG
TTGCCAGATCCAAGCTTAGAAATGGGCATTTTGCCCAGAGAGATCCGGAAACTGGTAGAA
CGGAGAAAACAAGTCAAACAGCTAATGAAACAGCAAGACTTAAATCCAGACCTTATTCTT
CAGTATGACATTCGACAGAAGGCTTTGAAGCTCACAGCGAACAGTATGTATGGTTGCCTG
GGATTTTCCTATAGCAGATTTTACGCCAAACCACTGGCTGCCTTGGTGACATACAAAGGA
AGGGAGATTTTGATGCATACGAAAGAGATGGTACAAAAGATGAATCTTGAAGTTATTTAT
GGAGATACAGATTCAATTATGATAAACACCAATAGCACCAATCTGGAAGAAGTATTTAAG
TTGGGAAACAAGGTAAAAAGTGAAGTGAATAAGTTGTACAAACTGCTTGAAATAGACATT
GATGGGGTTTTCAAGTCTCTGCTACTGCTGAAAAAAAAGAAGTACGCTGCTCTGGTTGTT
GAGCCAACGTCGGATGGGAATTATGTCACCAAACAGGAGCTCAAAGGATTAGATATAGTT
AGAAGAGATTGGTGTGATCTTGCTAAAGACACTGGAAACTTTGTGATTGGCCAGATTCTT
TCTGATCAAAGCCGGGACACTATAGTGGAAAACATTCAGAAGAGGCTGATAGAAATTGGA
GAAAATGTGCTAAATGGCAGTGTCCCAGTGAGCCAGTTTGAAATTAACAAGGCATTGACA
AAGGATCCCCAGGATTACCCTGATAAAAAAAGCCTACCTCATGTACATGTTGCCCTCTGG
ATAAATTCTCAAGGAGGCAGAAAGGTGAAAGCTGGAGATACTGTGTCATATGTCATCTGT
CAGGATGGATCAAACCTCACTGCAAGTCAGAGGGCCTATGCGCCTGAGCAGCTGCAGAAA
CAGGATAATCTAACCATTGACACCCAGTACTACCTGGCCCAGCAGATCCACCCAGTCGTG
GCTCGGATCTGTGAACCAATAGACGGAATTGATGCTGTCCTCATTGCAACGTGGTTGGGA
CTTGACCCCACCCAATTTAGAGTTCATCATTATCATAAAGATGAAGAGAATGATGCTCTA
CTTGGTGGCCCAGCACAGCTCACTGATGAAGAGAAATACAGGGACTGTGAAAGATTCAAA
TGTCCATGCCCTACATGTGGAACTGAGAATATTTATGATAATGTCTTTGATGGTTCGGGA
ACAGATATGGAGCCCAGCTTGTATCGTTGCAGTAACATCGATTGTAAGGCTTCACCTCTG
ACCTTTACAGTACAACTGAGCAACAAATTGATCATGGACATTAGACGTTTCATTAAAAAG
TACTATGATGGCTGGTTGATATGTGAAGAGCCAACCTGTCGCAATCGAACTCGTCACCTT
CCCCTTCAATTCTCCCGAACTGGGCCTCTTTGCCCAGCCTGCATGAAAGCTACACTTCAA
CCAGAGTATTCTGACAAGTCCCTGTACACCCAGCTGTGCTTTTACCGGTACATTTTTGAT
GCGGAGTGTGCACTGGAGAAACTTACTACCGATCATGAGAAAGATAAATTGAAGAAGCAA
TTTTTTACCCCCAAAGTTCTGCAGGACTACAGAAAACTCAAGAACACAGCAGAGCAATTC
TTGTCCCGAAGTGGCTACTCCGAAGTGAATCTGAGCAAACTCTTCGCTGGTTGTGCCGTG
AAATCCTAA

Enzyme 93 GenBank Gene ID

X06745

Enzyme 93 GeneCard ID

POLA1

Enzyme 93 GenAtlas ID

POLA1

Enzyme 93 HGNC ID

HGNC:9173

Enzyme 93 Chromosome Location

Not Available

Enzyme 93 Locus

Not Available

Enzyme 93 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 93 General References

Wong SW, Wahl AF, Yuan PM, Arai N, Pearson BE, Arai K, Korn D, Hunkapiller MW, Wang TS: Human DNA polymerase alpha gene expression is cell proliferation dependent and its primary structure is similar to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic replicative DNA polymerases. EMBO J. 1988 Jan;7(1):37-47. [PubMed ]
Pearson BE, Nasheuer HP, Wang TS: Human DNA polymerase alpha gene: sequences controlling expression in cycling and serum-stimulated cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Apr;11(4):2081-95. [PubMed ]
Hsi KL, Copeland WC, Wang TS: Human DNA polymerase alpha catalytic polypeptide binds ConA and RCA and contains a specific labile site in the N-terminus. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Nov 11;18(21):6231-7. [PubMed ]
Smale ST, Tjian R: T-antigen-DNA polymerase alpha complex implicated in simian virus 40 DNA replication. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Nov;6(11):4077-87. [PubMed ]
Lee SS, Dong Q, Wang TS, Lehman IR: Interaction of herpes simplex virus 1 origin-binding protein with DNA polymerase alpha. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Aug 15;92(17):7882-6. [PubMed ]
Braun KA, Lao Y, He Z, Ingles CJ, Wold MS: Role of protein-protein interactions in the function of replication protein A (RPA): RPA modulates the activity of DNA polymerase alpha by multiple mechanisms. Biochemistry. 1997 Jul 15;36(28):8443-54. [PubMed ]
Dantzer F, Nasheuer HP, Vonesch JL, de Murcia G, Menissier-de Murcia J: Functional association of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase with DNA polymerase alpha-primase complex: a link between DNA strand break detection and DNA replication. Nucleic Acids Res. 1998 Apr 15;26(8):1891-8. [PubMed ]
Wang B, Malik R, Nigg EA, Korner R: Evaluation of the low-specificity protease elastase for large-scale phosphoproteome analysis. Anal Chem. 2008 Dec 15;80(24):9526-33. [PubMed ]
Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]
Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
Warren EM, Huang H, Fanning E, Chazin WJ, Eichman BF: Physical interactions between Mcm10, DNA, and DNA polymerase alpha. J Biol Chem. 2009 Sep 4;284(36):24662-72. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed ]
Evanics F, Maurmann L, Yang WW, Bose RN: Nuclear magnetic resonance structures of the zinc finger domain of human DNA polymerase-alpha. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2003 Sep 23;1651(1-2):163-71. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 93 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 94 [top]

Enzyme 94 ID

6243

Enzyme 94 Name

DNA polymerase lambda

Enzyme 94 Synonyms

Pol Lambda
DNA polymerase beta-2
Pol beta2
DNA polymerase kappa

Enzyme 94 Gene Name

POLL

Enzyme 94 Protein Sequence

>DNA polymerase lambda

MDPRGILKAFPKRQKIHADASSKVLAKIPRREEGEEAEEWLSSLRAHVVRTGIGRARAEL
FEKQIVQHGGQLCPAQGPGVTHIVVDEGMDYERALRLLRLPQLPPGAQLVKSAWLSLCLQ
ERRLVDVAGFSIFIPSRYLDHPQPSKAEQDASIPPGTHEALLQTALSPPPPPTRPVSPPQ
KAKEAPNTQAQPISDDEASDGEETQVSAADLEALISGHYPTSLEGDCEPSPAPAVLDKWV
CAQPSSQKATNHNLHITEKLEVLAKAYSVQGDKWRALGYAKAINALKSFHKPVTSYQEAC
SIPGIGKRMAEKIIEILESGHLRKLDHISESVPVLELFSNIWGAGTKTAQMWYQQGFRSL
EDIRSQASLTTQQAIGLKHYSDFLERMPREEATEIEQTVQKAAQAFNSGLLCVACGSYRR
GKATCGDVDVLITHPDGRSHRGIFSRLLDSLRQEGFLTDDLVSQEENGQQQKYLGVCRLP
GPGRRHRRLDIIVVPYSEFACALLYFTGSAHFNRSMRALAKTKGMSLSEHALSTAVVRNT
HGCKVGPGRVLPTPTEKDVFRLLGLPYREPAERDW

Enzyme 94 Number of Residues

575

Enzyme 94 Molecular Weight

63481.7

Enzyme 94 Theoretical pI

7.94

Enzyme 94 GO Classification

Function
DNA binding DNA polymerase activity DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity binding catalytic activity nucleic acid binding nucleotidyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
DNA metabolic process DNA repair DNA replication cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process
Component
cell part intracellular

Enzyme 94 General Function

Involved in DNA binding

Enzyme 94 Specific Function

Repair polymerase. Involved in base excision repair (BER) responsible for repair of lesions that give rise to abasic (AP) sites in DNA. Has both DNA polymerase and terminal transferase activities. Has a 5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase (dRP lyase) activity

Enzyme 94 Pathways

DNA polymerase (map03030 )
Purine Metabolism (map00230 )
Pyrimidine Metabolism (map00240 )

Enzyme 94 Reactions

deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn = diphosphate + DNAn+1 [RN:R00379]

Enzyme 94 Pfam Domain Function

DNA_pol_lambd_f (PF10391 )

Enzyme 94 Signals

None

Enzyme 94 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 94 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 94 GenBank ID Protein

6746387

Enzyme 94 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q9UGP5

Enzyme 94 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

DPOLL_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 94 PDB ID

1XSL

Enzyme 94 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 94 3D Structure

Enzyme 94 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 94 Gene Sequence

>1728 bp

ATGGATCCCAGGGGTATCTTGAAGGCATTTCCCAAGCGGCAGAAAATTCATGCTGATGCA
TCATCAAAAGTACTTGCAAAGATTCCTAGGAGGGAAGAGGGAGAAGAAGCAGAAGAGTGG
CTGAGCTCCCTTCGGGCCCATGTTGTGCGCACTGGCATTGGACGAGCCCGGGCAGAACTC
TTTGAGAAGCAGATTGTTCAGCATGGCGGCCAGCTATGCCCTGCCCAGGGCCCAGGTGTC
ACTCACATTGTGGTGGATGAAGGCATGGACTATGAGCGAGCCCTCCGCCTTCTCAGACTA
CCCCAGCTGCCCCCGGGTGCTCAGCTGGTGAAGTCAGCCTGGCTGAGCTTGTGCCTTCAG
GAGAGGAGGCTGGTGGATGTAGCTGGATTCAGCATCTTCATCCCCAGTAGGTACTTGGAC
CATCCACAGCCCAGCAAGGCAGAGCAGGATGCTTCTATTCCTCCTGGCACCCATGAGGCC
CTGCTTCAGACAGCCCTTTCTCCTCCTCCTCCTCCCACCAGGCCTGTGTCTCCTCCCCAA
AAGGCAAAAGAGGCACCAAACACCCAAGCCCAGCCCATCTCTGATGATGAAGCCAGTGAT
GGGGAAGAAACCCAGGTTAGTGCAGCTGATCTGGAAGCCCTCATCAGTGGCCACTACCCC
ACCTCCCTTGAGGGAGATTGTGAGCCTAGCCCAGCCCCTGCTGTCCTGGATAAGTGGGTC
TGTGCACAGCCCTCAAGCCAGAAGGCGACCAATCACAACCTCCATATCACAGAGAAGCTG
GAAGTTCTGGCCAAAGCCTACAGTGTTCAGGGAGACAAGTGGAGGGCCCTGGGCTATGCC
AAGGCCATCAATGCCCTCAAGAGCTTCCATAAGCCTGTCACCTCGTACCAGGAGGCCTGC
AGTATCCCTGGGATTGGGAAGCGGATGGCTGAGAAAATCATAGAGATCCTGGAGAGCGGG
CATTTGCGGAAGCTGGACCATATCAGTGAGAGCGTGCCTGTCTTGGAGCTCTTCTCCAAC
ATCTGGGGAGCTGGGACCAAGACTGCCCAGATGTGGTACCAACAGGGCTTCCGAAGTCTG
GAAGACATCCGCAGCCAGGCCTCCCTGACAACCCAGCAGGCCATCGGCCTGAAGCATTAC
AGTGACTTCCTGGAACGTATGCCCAGGGAGGAGGCTACAGAGATTGAGCAGACAGTCCAG
AAAGCAGCCCAGGCCTTTAACTCTGGGCTGCTGTGTGTGGCATGTGGTTCATACCGACGG
GGAAAGGCGACCTGTGGTGATGTCGACGTGCTCATCACTCACCCAGATGGCCGGTCCCAC
CGGGGTATCTTCAGCCGCCTCCTTGACAGTCTTCGGCAGGAAGGGTTCCTCACAGATGAC
TTGGTGAGCCAAGAGGAGAATGGTCAGCAACAGAAGTACTTGGGGGTGTGCCGGCTCCCA
GGGCCAGGGCGGCGGCACCGGCGCCTGGACATCATCGTGGTGCCCTATAGCGAGTTTGCC
TGTGCCCTGCTCTACTTCACCGGCTCTGCACACTTCAACCGCTCCATGCGAGCCCTGGCC
AAAACCAAGGGCATGAGTCTGTCAGAACATGCCCTCAGCACTGCTGTGGTCCGGAACACC
CATGGCTGCAAGGTGGGGCCTGGCCGAGTGCTGCCCACTCCCACTGAGAAGGATGTCTTC
AGGCTCTTAGGCCTCCCCTACCGAGAACCTGCTGAGCGGGACTGGTGA

Enzyme 94 GenBank Gene ID

AF161019

Enzyme 94 GeneCard ID

POLL

Enzyme 94 GenAtlas ID

POLL

Enzyme 94 HGNC ID

HGNC:9184

Enzyme 94 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 94 Locus

10q23

Enzyme 94 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 94 General References

Aoufouchi S, Flatter E, Dahan A, Faili A, Bertocci B, Storck S, Delbos F, Cocea L, Gupta N, Weill JC, Reynaud CA: Two novel human and mouse DNA polymerases of the polX family. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Sep 15;28(18):3684-93. [PubMed ]
Nagasawa K, Kitamura K, Yasui A, Nimura Y, Ikeda K, Hirai M, Matsukage A, Nakanishi M: Identification and characterization of human DNA polymerase beta 2, a DNA polymerase beta -related enzyme. J Biol Chem. 2000 Oct 6;275(40):31233-8. [PubMed ]
Deloukas P, Earthrowl ME, Grafham DV, Rubenfield M, French L, Steward CA, Sims SK, Jones MC, Searle S, Scott C, Howe K, Hunt SE, Andrews TD, Gilbert JG, Swarbreck D, Ashurst JL, Taylor A, Battles J, Bird CP, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ashwell RI, Ambrose KD, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Bates K, Beasley H, Bray-Allen S, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Cahill P, Camire D, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Corby N, Coulson A, Dhami P, Dutta I, Dunn M, Faulkner L, Frankish A, Frankland JA, Garner P, Garnett J, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Grocock R, Gustafson E, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart E, Heath PD, Ho TP, Hopkins B, Horne J, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Hynds C, Johnson C, Johnson D, Kana A, Kay M, Kimberley AM, Kershaw JK, Kokkinaki M, Laird GK, Lawlor S, Lee HM, Leongamornlert DA, Laird G, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, McLaren S, McLay KE, McMurray A, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Milne S, Nickerson T, Nguyen M, Overton-Larty E, Palmer SA, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phillimore B, Porter K, Rice CM, Rogosin A, Ross MT, Sarafidou T, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Skuce CD, Smith M, Standring L, Sycamore N, Tester J, Thorpe A, Torcasso W, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tsolas J, Wall M, Walsh J, Wang H, Weinstock K, West AP, Willey DL, Whitehead SL, Wilming L, Wray PW, Young L, Chen Y, Lovering RC, Moschonas NK, Siebert R, Fechtel K, Bentley D, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Doucette-Stamm L, Beck S, Smith DR, Rogers J: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10. Nature. 2004 May 27;429(6990):375-81. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Garcia-Diaz M, Bebenek K, Kunkel TA, Blanco L: Identification of an intrinsic 5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase activity in human DNA polymerase lambda: a possible role in base excision repair. J Biol Chem. 2001 Sep 14;276(37):34659-63. Epub 2001 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
Blanca G, Shevelev I, Ramadan K, Villani G, Spadari S, Hubscher U, Maga G: Human DNA polymerase lambda diverged in evolution from DNA polymerase beta toward specific Mn(++) dependence: a kinetic and thermodynamic study. Biochemistry. 2003 Jun 24;42(24):7467-76. [PubMed ]
Shevelev I, Blanca G, Villani G, Ramadan K, Spadari S, Hubscher U, Maga G: Mutagenesis of human DNA polymerase lambda: essential roles of Tyr505 and Phe506 for both DNA polymerase and terminal transferase activities. Nucleic Acids Res. 2003 Dec 1;31(23):6916-25. [PubMed ]
Maga G, Blanca G, Shevelev I, Frouin I, Ramadan K, Spadari S, Villani G, Hubscher U: The human DNA polymerase lambda interacts with PCNA through a domain important for DNA primer binding and the interaction is inhibited by p21/WAF1/CIP1. FASEB J. 2004 Nov;18(14):1743-5. Epub 2004 Sep 9. [PubMed ]
Maga G, Ramadan K, Locatelli GA, Shevelev I, Spadari S, Hubscher U: DNA elongation by the human DNA polymerase lambda polymerase and terminal transferase activities are differentially coordinated by proliferating cell nuclear antigen and replication protein A. J Biol Chem. 2005 Jan 21;280(3):1971-81. Epub 2004 Nov 10. [PubMed ]
Matsuoka S, Ballif BA, Smogorzewska A, McDonald ER 3rd, Hurov KE, Luo J, Bakalarski CE, Zhao Z, Solimini N, Lerenthal Y, Shiloh Y, Gygi SP, Elledge SJ: ATM and ATR substrate analysis reveals extensive protein networks responsive to DNA damage. Science. 2007 May 25;316(5828):1160-6. [PubMed ]
DeRose EF, Kirby TW, Mueller GA, Bebenek K, Garcia-Diaz M, Blanco L, Kunkel TA, London RE: Solution structure of the lyase domain of human DNA polymerase lambda. Biochemistry. 2003 Aug 19;42(32):9564-74. [PubMed ]
Garcia-Diaz M, Bebenek K, Krahn JM, Blanco L, Kunkel TA, Pedersen LC: A structural solution for the DNA polymerase lambda-dependent repair of DNA gaps with minimal homology. Mol Cell. 2004 Feb 27;13(4):561-72. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 94 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 95 [top]

Enzyme 95 ID

6244

Enzyme 95 Name

DNA polymerase epsilon subunit 4

Enzyme 95 Synonyms

DNA polymerase II subunit 4
DNA polymerase epsilon subunit p12

Enzyme 95 Gene Name

POLE4

Enzyme 95 Protein Sequence

>DNA polymerase epsilon subunit 4

MAAAAAAGSGTPREEEGPAGEAAASQPQAPTSVPGARLSRLPLARVKALVKADPDVTLAG
QEAIFILARAAELFVETIAKDAYCCAQQGKRKTLQRRDLDNAIEAVDEFAFLEGTLD

Enzyme 95 Number of Residues

117

Enzyme 95 Molecular Weight

12208.6

Enzyme 95 Theoretical pI

4.55

Enzyme 95 GO Classification

Function
DNA binding binding nucleic acid binding sequence-specific DNA binding
Process
—
Component
cell part intracellular

Enzyme 95 General Function

Involved in sequence-specific DNA binding

Enzyme 95 Specific Function

May play a role in allowing polymerase epsilon to carry out its replication and/or repair function

Enzyme 95 Pathways

DNA polymerase (map03030 )
Purine Metabolism (map00230 )
Pyrimidine Metabolism (map00240 )

Enzyme 95 Reactions

deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn = diphosphate + DNAn+1 [RN:R00379]

Enzyme 95 Pfam Domain Function

CBFD_NFYB_HMF (PF00808 )

Enzyme 95 Signals

None

Enzyme 95 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 95 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 95 GenBank ID Protein

62822482

Enzyme 95 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q9NR33

Enzyme 95 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

DPOE4_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 95 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 95 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 95 Gene Sequence

>354 bp

ATGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCAGGAAGCGGGACGCCCCGAGAGGAGGAGGGACCTGCTGGG
GAGGCAGCGGCCTCGCAGCCCCAGGCCCCAACGAGTGTGCCTGGGGCTCGTCTCTCGAGG
TTGCCTCTGGCGCGAGTGAAGGCCTTGGTGAAGGCAGATCCCGACGTGACGCTAGCGGGA
CAGGAAGCCATCTTCATTCTGGCACGAGCCGCGGAACTGTTTGTGGAGACCATTGCAAAA
GATGCCTACTGTTGCGCTCAGCAGGGAAAAAGGAAAACCCTTCAGAGGAGAGACTTGGAT
AATGCAATAGAAGCTGTGGATGAATTTGCTTTTCTGGAAGGTACTTTAGATTGA

Enzyme 95 GenBank Gene ID

AC007400

Enzyme 95 GeneCard ID

POLE4

Enzyme 95 GenAtlas ID

POLE4

Enzyme 95 HGNC ID

HGNC:18755 Link Image

Enzyme 95 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 95 Locus

2p12

Enzyme 95 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 95 General References

Li Y, Pursell ZF, Linn S: Identification and cloning of two histone fold motif-containing subunits of HeLa DNA polymerase epsilon. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jul 28;275(30):23247-52. [PubMed ]
Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Pepin KH, Minx P, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Kremitzki C, Oddy L, Du H, Sun H, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Carter J, Cordes M, Harris A, Isak A, van Brunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Abbott S, Armstrong J, Belter EA, Caruso L, Cedroni M, Cotton M, Davidson T, Desai A, Elliott G, Erb T, Fronick C, Gaige T, Haakenson W, Haglund K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Kim K, Kruchowski SS, Strong CM, Grewal N, Goyea E, Hou S, Levy A, Martinka S, Mead K, McLellan MD, Meyer R, Randall-Maher J, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Shah N, Swearengen-Shahid S, Snider J, Strong JT, Thompson J, Yoakum M, Leonard S, Pearman C, Trani L, Radionenko M, Waligorski JE, Wang C, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Maupin R, Latreille P, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Pohl C, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Berkowicz N, Nelson JO, Osborne J, Ding L, Meyer R, Sabo A, Shotland Y, Sinha P, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Jones TA, She X, Ciccarelli FD, Izaurralde E, Taylor J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Cox DR, Huang X, McPherson JD, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Warren WC, Chinwalla AT, Eddy SR, Marra MA, Ovcharenko I, Furey TS, Miller W, Eichler EE, Bork P, Suyama M, Torrents D, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. Nature. 2005 Apr 7;434(7034):724-31. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Matsuoka S, Ballif BA, Smogorzewska A, McDonald ER 3rd, Hurov KE, Luo J, Bakalarski CE, Zhao Z, Solimini N, Lerenthal Y, Shiloh Y, Gygi SP, Elledge SJ: ATM and ATR substrate analysis reveals extensive protein networks responsive to DNA damage. Science. 2007 May 25;316(5828):1160-6. [PubMed ]
Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 95 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 96 [top]

Enzyme 96 ID

6245

Enzyme 96 Name

DNA polymerase eta

Enzyme 96 Synonyms

RAD30 homolog A
Xeroderma pigmentosum variant type protein

Enzyme 96 Gene Name

POLH

Enzyme 96 Protein Sequence

>DNA polymerase eta

MATGQDRVVALVDMDCFFVQVEQRQNPHLRNKPCAVVQYKSWKGGGIIAVSYEARAFGVT
RSMWADDAKKLCPDLLLAQVRESRGKANLTKYREASVEVMEIMSRFAVIERASIDEAYVD
LTSAVQERLQKLQGQPISADLLPSTYIEGLPQGPTTAEETVQKEGMRKQGLFQWLDSLQI
DNLTSPDLQLTVGAVIVEEMRAAIERETGFQCSAGISHNKVLAKLACGLNKPNRQTLVSH
GSVPQLFSQMPIRKIRSLGGKLGASVIEILGIEYMGELTQFTESQLQSHFGEKNGSWLYA
MCRGIEHDPVKPRQLPKTIGCSKNFPGKTALATREQVQWWLLQLAQELEERLTKDRNDND
RVATQLVVSIRVQGDKRLSSLRRCCALTRYDAHKMSHDAFTVIKNCNTSGIQTEWSPPLT
MLFLCATKFSASAPSSSTDITSFLSSDPSSLPKVPVTSSEAKTQGSGPAVTATKKATTSL
ESFFQKAAERQKVKEASLSSLTAPTQAPMSNSPSKPSLPFQTSQSTGTEPFFKQKSLLLK
QKQLNNSSVSSPQQNPWSNCKALPNSLPTEYPGCVPVCEGVSKLEESSKATPAEMDLAHN
SQSMHASSASKSVLEVTQKATPNPSLLAAEDQVPCEKCGSLVPVWDMPEHMDYHFALELQ
KSFLQPHSSNPQVVSAVSHQGKRNPKSPLACTNKRPRPEGMQTLESFFKPLTH

Enzyme 96 Number of Residues

713

Enzyme 96 Molecular Weight

78412.8

Enzyme 96 Theoretical pI

8.56

Enzyme 96 GO Classification

Function
DNA binding DNA polymerase activity DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity binding catalytic activity damaged DNA binding nucleic acid binding nucleotidyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
DNA metabolic process DNA repair cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 96 General Function

Involved in damaged DNA binding

Enzyme 96 Specific Function

DNA polymerase specifically involved in DNA repair. Plays an important role in translesion synthesis, where the normal high fidelity DNA polymerases cannot proceed and DNA synthesis stalls. Plays an important role in the repair of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers. Depending on the context, it inserts the correct base, but causes frequent base transitions and transversions. May play a role in hypermutation at immunoglobulin genes. Forms a Schiff base with 5'-deoxyribose phosphate at abasic sites, but does not have lyase activity. Targets POLI to replication foci

Enzyme 96 Pathways

DNA polymerase (map03030 )
Purine Metabolism (map00230 )
Pyrimidine Metabolism (map00240 )

Enzyme 96 Reactions

deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn = diphosphate + DNAn+1 [RN:R00379]

Enzyme 96 Pfam Domain Function

IMS (PF00817 )

Enzyme 96 Signals

None

Enzyme 96 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 96 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 96 GenBank ID Protein

5138988

Enzyme 96 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q9Y253

Enzyme 96 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

POLH_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 96 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 96 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 96 Gene Sequence

>2142 bp

ATGGCTACTGGACAGGATCGAGTGGTTGCTCTCGTGGACATGGACTGTTTTTTTGTTCAA
GTGGAGCAGCGGCAAAATCCTCATTTGAGGAATAAACCTTGTGCAGTTGTACAGTACAAA
TCATGGAAGGGTGGTGGAATAATTGCAGTGAGTTATGAAGCTCGTGCATTTGGAGTCACT
AGAAGTATGTGGGCAGATGATGCTAAGAAGTTATGTCCAGATCTTCTACTGGCACAAGTT
CGTGAGTCCCGTGGGAAAGCTAACCTCACCAAGTACCGGGAAGCCAGTGTTGAAGTGATG
GAGATAATGTCTCGTTTTGCTGTGATTGAACGTGCCAGCATTGATGAGGCTTACGTAGAT
CTGACCAGTGCTGTACAAGAGAGACTACAAAAGCTACAAGGTCAGCCTATCTCGGCAGAC
TTGTTGCCAAGCACTTACATTGAAGGGTTGCCCCAAGGCCCTACAACGGCAGAAGAGACT
GTTCAGAAAGAGGGGATGCGAAAACAAGGCTTATTTCAATGGCTCGATTCTCTTCAGATT
GATAACCTCACCTCTCCAGACCTGCAGCTCACCGTGGGAGCAGTGATTGTGGAGGAAATG
AGAGCAGCCATAGAGAGGGAGACTGGTTTTCAGTGTTCAGCTGGAATTTCACACAATAAG
GTCCTGGCAAAACTGGCCTGTGGACTAAACAAGCCCAACCGCCAAACCCTGGTTTCACAT
GGGTCAGTCCCACAGCTCTTCAGCCAAATGCCCATTCGCAAAATCCGTAGTCTTGGAGGA
AAGCTAGGGGCCTCTGTCATTGAGATCCTAGGGATAGAATACATGGGTGAACTGACCCAG
TTCACTGAATCCCAGCTCCAGAGTCATTTTGGGGAGAAGAATGGGTCTTGGCTATATGCC
ATGTGCCGAGGGATTGAACATGATCCAGTTAAACCCAGGCAACTACCCAAAACCATTGGC
TGTAGTAAGAACTTCCCAGGAAAAACAGCTCTTGCTACTCGGGAACAGGTACAATGGTGG
CTGTTGCAATTAGCCCAGGAACTAGAGGAGAGACTGACTAAAGACCGAAATGATAATGAC
AGGGTAGCCACCCAGCTGGTTGTGAGCATTCGTGTACAAGGAGACAAACGCCTCAGCAGC
CTGCGCCGCTGCTGTGCCCTTACCCGCTATGATGCTCACAAGATGAGCCATGATGCATTT
ACTGTCATCAAGAACTGTAATACTTCTGGAATCCAGACAGAATGGTCTCCTCCTCTCACA
ATGCTTTTCCTCTGTGCTACAAAATTTTCTGCCTCTGCCCCTTCATCTTCTACAGACATC
ACCAGCTTCTTGAGCAGTGACCCAAGTTCTCTGCCAAAGGTGCCAGTTACCAGCTCAGAA
GCTAAGACCCAGGGAAGTGGCCCAGCGGTGACAGCCACTAAGAAAGCAACCACGTCTCTG
GAATCATTCTTCCAAAAAGCTGCAGAAAGGCAGAAAGTTAAAGAAGCTTCGCTTTCATCT
CTTACTGCTCCCACTCAGGCTCCCATGAGCAATTCACCATCCAAGCCCTCATTACCTTTT
CAAACCAGTCAAAGTACAGGAACTGAGCCCTTCTTTAAGCAGAAAAGTCTGCTTCTAAAG
CAGAAACAGCTTAATAATTCTTCAGTTTCTTCCCCCCAACAAAACCCATGGTCCAACTGT
AAAGCATTACCAAACTCTTTACCAACAGAGTATCCAGGGTGTGTCCCTGTTTGTGAAGGG
GTGTCGAAGCTAGAAGAATCCTCTAAAGCAACTCCTGCAGAGATGGATTTGGCCCACAAC
AGCCAAAGCATGCACGCCTCTTCAGCTTCCAAATCTGTGCTGGAGGTGACTCAGAAAGCA
ACCCCAAATCCAAGTCTTCTAGCTGCTGAGGACCAAGTGCCCTGTGAGAAGTGTGGCTCC
CTGGTACCGGTATGGGATATGCCAGAACACATGGACTATCATTTTGCATTGGAGTTGCAG
AAATCCTTTTTGCAGCCCCACTCTTCAAACCCCCAGGTTGTTTCTGCCGTATCTCATCAA
GGCAAAAGAAATCCCAAGAGCCCTTTGGCCTGCACTAATAAACGCCCCAGGCCTGAGGGC
ATGCAAACATTGGAATCATTTTTTAAGCCATTAACACATTAG

Enzyme 96 GenBank Gene ID

AB024313

Enzyme 96 GeneCard ID

POLH

Enzyme 96 GenAtlas ID

POLH

Enzyme 96 HGNC ID

HGNC:9181

Enzyme 96 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 96 Locus

6p21.1

Enzyme 96 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 96 General References

Masutani C, Kusumoto R, Yamada A, Dohmae N, Yokoi M, Yuasa M, Araki M, Iwai S, Takio K, Hanaoka F: The XPV (xeroderma pigmentosum variant) gene encodes human DNA polymerase eta. Nature. 1999 Jun 17;399(6737):700-4. [PubMed ]
Johnson RE, Kondratick CM, Prakash S, Prakash L: hRAD30 mutations in the variant form of xeroderma pigmentosum. Science. 1999 Jul 9;285(5425):263-5. [PubMed ]
Yuasa M, Masutani C, Eki T, Hanaoka F: Genomic structure, chromosomal localization and identification of mutations in the xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XPV) gene. Oncogene. 2000 Sep 28;19(41):4721-8. [PubMed ]
Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, Edwards CA, Ashurst JL, Wilming L, Jones MC, Horton R, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Gilbert JG, Clamp ME, Bethel G, Milne S, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Andrews TD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bray-Allen S, Brook J, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clark G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley V, Collier RE, Collins JE, Colman LK, Corby NR, Coville GJ, Culley KM, Dhami P, Davies J, Dunn M, Earthrowl ME, Ellington AE, Evans KA, Faulkner L, Francis MD, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori MJ, Gilby LM, Gillson CJ, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Grant M, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths M, Hall R, Halls KS, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart EA, Heath PD, Heathcott R, Holmes SJ, Howden PJ, Howe KL, Howell GR, Huckle E, Humphray SJ, Humphries MD, Hunt AR, Johnson CM, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan SJ, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd CR, Lloyd DM, Loveland JE, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Maslen GL, Matthews L, McCann OT, McLaren SJ, McLay K, McMurray A, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Niblett D, Nickerson T, Novik KL, Oliver K, Overton-Larty EK, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Phillimore B, Phillips S, Plumb RW, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Ranby SA, Rice CM, Ross MT, Searle SM, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Skuce CD, Smith S, Smith M, Spraggon L, Squares SL, Steward CA, Sycamore N, Tamlyn-Hall G, Tester J, Theaker AJ, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tubby B, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, White SS, Whitehead SL, Whittaker H, Wild A, Willey DJ, Wilmer TE, Wood JM, Wray PW, Wyatt JC, Young L, Younger RM, Bentley DR, Coulson A, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Sulston JE, Dunham I, Rogers J, Beck S: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. Nature. 2003 Oct 23;425(6960):805-11. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Glick E, Vigna KL, Loeb LA: Mutations in human DNA polymerase eta motif II alter bypass of DNA lesions. EMBO J. 2001 Dec 17;20(24):7303-12. [PubMed ]
Zeng X, Winter DB, Kasmer C, Kraemer KH, Lehmann AR, Gearhart PJ: DNA polymerase eta is an A-T mutator in somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin variable genes. Nat Immunol. 2001 Jun;2(6):537-41. [PubMed ]
Kannouche P, Fernandez de Henestrosa AR, Coull B, Vidal AE, Gray C, Zicha D, Woodgate R, Lehmann AR: Localization of DNA polymerases eta and iota to the replication machinery is tightly co-ordinated in human cells. EMBO J. 2003 Mar 3;22(5):1223-33. [PubMed ]
Haracska L, Prakash L, Prakash S: A mechanism for the exclusion of low-fidelity human Y-family DNA polymerases from base excision repair. Genes Dev. 2003 Nov 15;17(22):2777-85. [PubMed ]
Glick E, Chau JS, Vigna KL, McCulloch SD, Adman ET, Kunkel TA, Loeb LA: Amino acid substitutions at conserved tyrosine 52 alter fidelity and bypass efficiency of human DNA polymerase eta. J Biol Chem. 2003 May 23;278(21):19341-6. Epub 2003 Mar 18. [PubMed ]
Faili A, Aoufouchi S, Weller S, Vuillier F, Stary A, Sarasin A, Reynaud CA, Weill JC: DNA polymerase eta is involved in hypermutation occurring during immunoglobulin class switch recombination. J Exp Med. 2004 Jan 19;199(2):265-70. [PubMed ]
Kannouche PL, Wing J, Lehmann AR: Interaction of human DNA polymerase eta with monoubiquitinated PCNA: a possible mechanism for the polymerase switch in response to DNA damage. Mol Cell. 2004 May 21;14(4):491-500. [PubMed ]
Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed ]
Yu LR, Zhu Z, Chan KC, Issaq HJ, Dimitrov DS, Veenstra TD: Improved titanium dioxide enrichment of phosphopeptides from HeLa cells and high confident phosphopeptide identification by cross-validation of MS/MS and MS/MS/MS spectra. J Proteome Res. 2007 Nov;6(11):4150-62. Epub 2007 Oct 9. [PubMed ]
Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]
Itoh T, Linn S, Kamide R, Tokushige H, Katori N, Hosaka Y, Yamaizumi M: Xeroderma pigmentosum variant heterozygotes show reduced levels of recovery of replicative DNA synthesis in the presence of caffeine after ultraviolet irradiation. J Invest Dermatol. 2000 Dec;115(6):981-5. [PubMed ]
Broughton BC, Cordonnier A, Kleijer WJ, Jaspers NG, Fawcett H, Raams A, Garritsen VH, Stary A, Avril MF, Boudsocq F, Masutani C, Hanaoka F, Fuchs RP, Sarasin A, Lehmann AR: Molecular analysis of mutations in DNA polymerase eta in xeroderma pigmentosum-variant patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jan 22;99(2):815-20. Epub 2002 Jan 2. [PubMed ]
Sjoblom T, Jones S, Wood LD, Parsons DW, Lin J, Barber TD, Mandelker D, Leary RJ, Ptak J, Silliman N, Szabo S, Buckhaults P, Farrell C, Meeh P, Markowitz SD, Willis J, Dawson D, Willson JK, Gazdar AF, Hartigan J, Wu L, Liu C, Parmigiani G, Park BH, Bachman KE, Papadopoulos N, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Velculescu VE: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):268-74. Epub 2006 Sep 7. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 96 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 97 [top]

Enzyme 97 ID

6246

Enzyme 97 Name

DNA polymerase delta catalytic subunit

Enzyme 97 Synonyms

DNA polymerase subunit delta p125

Enzyme 97 Gene Name

POLD1

Enzyme 97 Protein Sequence

>DNA polymerase delta catalytic subunit

MDGKRRPGPGPGVPPKRARGGLWDDDDAPRPSQFEEDLALMEEMEAEHRLQEQEEEELQS
VLEGVADGQVPPSAIDPRWLRPTPPALDPQTEPLIFQQLEIDHYVGPAQPVPGGPPPSRG
SVPVLRAFGVTDEGFSVCCHIHGFAPYFYTPAPPGFGPEHMGDLQRELNLAISRDSRGGR
ELTGPAVLAVELCSRESMFGYHGHGPSPFLRITVALPRLVAPARRLLEQGIRVAGLGTPS
FAPYEANVDFEIRFMVDTDIVGCNWLELPAGKYALRLKEKATQCQLEADVLWSDVVSHPP
EGPWQRIAPLRVLSFDIECAGRKGIFPEPERDPVIQICSLGLRWGEPEPFLRLALTLRPC
APILGAKVQSYEKEEDLLQAWSTFIRIMDPDVITGYNIQNFDLPYLISRAQTLKVQTFPF
LGRVAGLCSNIRDSSFQSKQTGRRDTKVVSMVGRVQMDMLQVLLREYKLRSYTLNAVSFH
FLGEQKEDVQHSIITDLQNGNDQTRRRLAVYCLKDAYLPLRLLERLMVLVNAVEMARVTG
VPLSYLLSRGQQVKVVSQLLRQAMHEGLLMPVVKSEGGEDYTGATVIEPLKGYYDVPIAT
LDFSSLYPSIMMAHNLCYTTLLRPGTAQKLGLTEDQFIRTPTGDEFVKTSVRKGLLPQIL
ENLLSARKRAKAELAKETDPLRRQVLDGRQLALKVSANSVYGFTGAQVGKLPCLEISQSV
TGFGRQMIEKTKQLVESKYTVENGYSTSAKVVYGDTDSVMCRFGVSSVAEAMALGREAAD
WVSGHFPSPIRLEFEKVYFPYLLISKKRYAGLLFSSRPDAHDRMDCKGLEAVRRDNCPLV
ANLVTASLRRLLIDRDPEGAVAHAQDVISDLLCNRIDISQLVITKELTRAASDYAGKQAH
VELAERMRKRDPGSAPSLGDRVPYVIISAAKGVAAYMKSEDPLFVLEHSLPIDTQYYLEQ
QLAKPLLRIFEPILGEGRAEAVLLRGDHTRCKTVLTGKVGGLLAFAKRRNCCIGCRTVLS
HQGAVCEFCQPRESELYQKEVSHLNALEERFSRLWTQCQRCQGSLHEDVICTSRDCPIFY
MRKKVRKDLEDQEQLLRRFGPPGPEAW

Enzyme 97 Number of Residues

1107

Enzyme 97 Molecular Weight

123629.9

Enzyme 97 Theoretical pI

7.03

Enzyme 97 GO Classification

Function
DNA binding DNA polymerase activity DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity binding catalytic activity nucleic acid binding nucleotide binding nucleotidyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
DNA metabolic process DNA replication cellular macromolecule metabolic process cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process nitrogen compound metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 97 General Function

Involved in nucleotide binding

Enzyme 97 Specific Function

Possesses two enzymatic activities:DNA synthesis (polymerase) and an exonucleolytic activity that degrades single stranded DNA in the 3'- to 5'-direction. Required with its accessory proteins (proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and replication factor C (RFC) or activator 1) for leading strand synthesis. Also involved in completing Okazaki fragments initiated by the DNA polymerase alpha/primase complex

Enzyme 97 Pathways

DNA polymerase (map03030 )
Purine Metabolism (map00230 )
Pyrimidine Metabolism (map00240 )

Enzyme 97 Reactions

deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn = diphosphate + DNAn+1 [RN:R00379]

Enzyme 97 Pfam Domain Function

DNA_pol_B (PF00136 )
DNA_pol_B_exo (PF03104 )

Enzyme 97 Signals

None

Enzyme 97 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 97 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 97 GenBank ID Protein

21885469

Enzyme 97 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P28340

Enzyme 97 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

DPOD1_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 97 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 97 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 97 Gene Sequence

>3324 bp

ATGGATGGCAAGCGGCGGCCAGGCCCAGGGCCCGGGGTGCCCCCAAAGCGGGCCCGTGGG
GGCCTCTGGGATGATGATGATGCACCTCGGCCATCCCAATTCGAGGAGGACCTGGCACTG
ATGGAGGAGATGGAGGCAGAACACAGGCTGCAGGAGCAGGAGGAGGAGGAGCTGCAGTCA
GTCCTGGAGGGGGTTGCAGACGGGCAGGTCCCACCATCAGCCATAGATCCTCGCTGGCTT
CGGCCCACACCACCAGCGCTGGACCCCCAGACAGAGCCCCTCATCTTCCAACAGTTGGAG
ATTGACCATTATGTGGGCCCAGCGCAGCCTGTGCCTGGGGGGCCCCCACCATCCCGCGGC
TCCGTGCCTGTGCTCCGCGCCTTCGGGGTCACCGATGAGGGGTTCTCTGTCTGCTGCCAC
ATCCACGGCTTCGCTCCCTACTTCTACACCCCAGCGCCCCCTGGTTTCGGGCCCGAGCAC
ATGGGTGACCTGCAACGGGAGCTGAACTTGGCCATCAGCCGGGACAGTCGCGGGGGGAGG
GAGCTGACTGGGCCGGCCGTGCTGGCTGTGGAACTGTGCTCCCGAGAGAGCATGTTTGGG
TACCACGGGCACGGCCCCTCCCCGTTCCTGCGCATCACCGTGGCGCTGCCGCGCCTCGTG
GCCCCGGCCCGCCGTCTCCTGGAACAGGGCATCCGTGTGGCAGGCCTGGGCACGCCCAGC
TTCGCGCCCTACGAGGCCAACGTCGACTTTGAGATCCGGTTCATGGTGGACACGGACATC
GTCGGCTGCAACTGGCTGGAGCTCCCAGCTGGGAAATACGCCCTGAGGCTGAAGGAGAAG
GCTACGCAGTGCCAGCTGGAGGCGGACGTGCTGTGGTCTGACGTGGTCAGTCACCCACCG
GAAGGGCCATGGCAGCGCATTGCGCCCTTGCGCGTGCTCAGCTTCGATATCGAGTGCGCC
GGCCGCAAAGGCATCTTCCCTGAGCCTGAGCGGGACCCTGTCATCCAGATCTGCTCGCTG
GGCCTGCGCTGGGGGGAGCCGGAGCCCTTCCTACGCCTGGCGCTCACCCTGCGGCCCTGT
GCCCCCATCCTGGGTGCCAAGGTGCAGAGCTACGAGAAGGAGGAGGACCTGCTGCAGGCC
TGGTCCACCTTCATCCGTATCATGGACCCCGACGTGATCACCGGTTACAACATCCAGAAC
TTCGACCTTCCGTACCTCATCTCTCGGGCCCAGACCCTCAAGGTACAAACATTCCCTTTC
CTGGGCCGTGTGGCCGGCCTTTGCTCCAACATCCGGGACTCTTCATTCCAGTCCAAGCAG
ACGGGCCGGCGGGACACCAAGGTTGTCAGCATGGTGGGCCGCGTGCAGATGGACATGCTG
CAGGTGCTGCTGCGGGAGTACAAGCTCCGCTCCTACACGCTCAATGCCGTGAGCTTCCAC
TTCCTGGGCGAGCAGAAGGAGGACGTGCAGCACAGCATCATCACCGACCTGCAGAATGGG
AACGACCAGACCCGCCGCCGCCTGGCTGTGTACTGCCTGAAGGATGCCTACCTGCCACTG
CGGCTGCTGGAGCGGCTCATGGTGCTGGTGAACGCCGTGGAGATGGCGAGGGTCACTGGC
GTGCCCCTCAGCTACCTGCTCAGTCGTGGCCAGCAGGTCAAGGTCGTATCCCAGCTGTTG
CGGCAGGCCATGCACGAGGGGCTGCTGATGCCCGTGGTGAAGTCAGAGGGCGGCGAGGAC
TACACGGGAGCCACTGTCATCGAGCCCCTCAAAGGGTACTACGACGTCCCCATCGCCACC
CTGGACTTCTCCTCGCTGTACCCGTCCATCATGATGGCCCACAACCTGTGTTACACCACG
CTCCTTCGGCCCGGGACTGCACAGAAACTGGGCCTGACTGAGGATCAGTTCATCAGGACC
CCCACCGGGGACGAGTTTGTGAAGACCTCAGTGCGGAAGGGGCTGCTGCCCCAGATCCTG
GAGAACCTGCTCAGTGCCCGGAAGAGGGCCAAGGCCGAGCTGGCCAAGGAGACAGACCCC
CTCCGGCGCCAGGTCCTGGATGGACGGCAGCTGGCGCTGAAGGTGAGCGCCAACTCCGTA
TACGGCTTCACTGGCGCCCAGGTGGGCAAGTTGCCGTGCCTGGAGATCTCACAGAGCGTC
ACGGGGTTCGGACGTCAGATGATCGAGAAAACCAAGCAGCTGGTGGAGTCTAAGTACACA
GTGGAGAATGGCTACAGCACCAGTGCCAAGGTGGTGTATGGTGACACTGACTCCGTCATG
TGCCGATTCGGCGTGTCCTCGGTGGCTGAGGCGATGGCCCTGGGGCGGGAGGCCGCGGAC
TGGGTGTCAGGTCACTTCCCGTCGCCCATCCGGCTGGAGTTTGAGAAGGTCTACTTCCCA
TACCTGCTTATCAGCAAGAAGCGCTACGCGGGCCTGCTCTTCTCCTCCCGGCCCGACGCC
CACGACCGCATGGACTGCAAGGGCCTGGAGGCCGTGCGCAGGGACAACTGCCCCCTCGTG
GCCAACCTGGTCACTGCCTCACTGCGCCGCCTGCTCATCGACCGAGACCCTGAGGGCGCG
GTGGCTCACGCACAGGACGTCATCTCGGACCTGCTGTGCAACCGCATCGATATCTCCCAG
CTGGTCATCACCAAGGAGCTGACCCGCGCGGCCTCCGACTATGCCGGCAAGCAGGCCCAC
GTGGAGCTGGCCGAGAGGATGAGGAAGCGGGACCCCGGGAGTGCGCCCAGCCTGGGCGAC
CGCGTCCCCTACGTGATCATCAGTGCCGCCAAGGGTGTGGCCGCCTACATGAAGTCGGAG
GACCCGCTGTTCGTGCTGGAGCACAGCCTGCCCATTGACACGCAGTACTACCTGGAGCAG
CAGCTGGCCAAGCCCCTCCTGCGCATCTTCGAGCCCATCCTGGGCGAGGGCCGTGCCGAG
GCTGTGCTACTGCGGGGGGACCACACGCGCTGCAAGACGGTGCTCACGGGCAAGGTGGGC
GGCCTCCTGGCCTTCGCCAAACGCCGCAACTGCTGCATTGGCTGCCGCACAGTGCTCAGC
CACCAGGGAGCCGTGTGTGAGTTCTGCCAGCCCCGGGAGTCTGAGCTGTATCAGAAGGAG
GTATCCCATCTGAATGCCCTGGAGGAGCGCTTCTCGCGCCTCTGGACGCAGTGCCAGCGC
TGCCAGGGCAGCCTGCACGAGGACGTCATCTGCACCAGCCGGGACTGCCCCATCTTCTAC
ATGCGCAAGAAGGTGCGGAAGGACCTGGAAGACCAGGAGCAGCTCCTGCGGCGCTTCGGA
CCCCCTGGACCTGAGGCCTGGTGA

Enzyme 97 GenBank Gene ID

AY129569

Enzyme 97 GeneCard ID

POLD1

Enzyme 97 GenAtlas ID

POLD1

Enzyme 97 HGNC ID

HGNC:9175

Enzyme 97 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 97 Locus

19q13.3

Enzyme 97 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 97 General References

Chung DW, Zhang JA, Tan CK, Davie EW, So AG, Downey KM: Primary structure of the catalytic subunit of human DNA polymerase delta and chromosomal location of the gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Dec 15;88(24):11197-201. [PubMed ]
Yang CL, Chang LS, Zhang P, Hao H, Zhu L, Toomey NL, Lee MY: Molecular cloning of the cDNA for the catalytic subunit of human DNA polymerase delta. Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Feb 25;20(4):735-45. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Tsurimoto T, Shinozaki A, Yano M, Seki M, Enomoto T: Human Werner helicase interacting protein 1 (WRNIP1) functions as a novel modulator for DNA polymerase delta. Genes Cells. 2005 Jan;10(1):13-22. [PubMed ]
Li H, Xie B, Zhou Y, Rahmeh A, Trusa S, Zhang S, Gao Y, Lee EY, Lee MY: Functional roles of p12, the fourth subunit of human DNA polymerase delta. J Biol Chem. 2006 May 26;281(21):14748-55. Epub 2006 Feb 28. [PubMed ]
Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 97 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 98 [top]

Enzyme 98 ID

6247

Enzyme 98 Name

DNA polymerase zeta catalytic subunit

Enzyme 98 Synonyms

Protein reversionless 3-like
REV3-like
hREV3

Enzyme 98 Gene Name

REV3L

Enzyme 98 Protein Sequence

>DNA polymerase zeta catalytic subunit

MFSVRIVTADYYMASPLQGLDTCQSPLTQAPVKKVPVVRVFGATPAGQKTCLHLHGIFPY
LYVPYDGYGQQPESYLSQMAFSIDRALNVALGNPSSTAQHVFKVSLVSGMPFYGYHEKER
HFMKIYLYNPTMVKRICELLQSGAIMNKFYQPHEAHIPYLLQLFIDYNLYGMNLINLAAV
KFRKARRKSNTLHATGSCKNHLSGNSLADTLFRWEQDEIPSSLILEGVEPQSTCELEVDA
VAADILNRLDIEAQIGGNPGLQAIWEDEKQRRRNRNETSQMSQPESQDHRFVPATESEKK
FQKRLQEILKQNDFSVTLSGSVDYSDGSQEFSAELTLHSEVLSPEMLQCTPANMVEVHKD
KESSKGHTRHKVEEALINEEAILNLMENSQTFQPLTQRLSESPVFMDSSPDEALVHLLAG
LESDGYRGERNRMPSPCRSFGNNKYPQNSDDEENEPQIEKEEMELSLVMSQRWDSNIEEH
CAKKRSLCRNTHRSSTEDDDSSSGEEMEWSDNSLLLASLSIPQLDGTADENSDNPLNNEN
SRTHSSVIATSKLSVKPSIFHKDAATLEPSSSAKITFQCKHTSALSSHVLNKEDLIEDLS
QTNKNTEKGLDNSVTSFTNESTYSMKYPGSLSSTVHSENSHKENSKKEILPVSSCESSIF
DYEEDIPSVTRQVPSRKYTNIRKIEKDSPFIHMHRHPNENTLGKNSFNFSDLNHSKNKVS
SEGNEKGNSTALSSLFPSSFTENCELLSCSGENRTMVHSLNSTADESGLNKLKIRYEEFQ
EHKTEKPSLSQQAAHYMFFPSVVLSNCLTRPQKLSPVTYKLQPGNKPSRLKLNKRKLAGH
QETSTKSSETGSTKDNFIQNNPCNSNPEKDNALASDLTKTTRGAFENKTPTDGFIDCHFG
DGTLETEQSFGLYGNKYTLRAKRKVNYETEDSESSFVTHNSKISLPHPMEIGESLDGTLK
SRKRRKMSKKLPPVIIKYIIINRFRGRKNMLVKLGKIDSKEKQVILTEEKMELYKKLAPL
KDFWPKVPDSPATKYPIYPLTPKKSHRRKSKHKSAKKKTGKQQRTNNENIKRTLSFRKKR
SHAILSPPSPSYNAETEDCDLNYSDVMSKLGFLSERSTSPINSSPPRCWSPTDPRAEEIM
AAAEKEAMLFKGPNVYKKTVNSRIGKTSRARAQIKKSKAKLANPSIVTKKRNKRNQTNKL
VDDGKKKPRAKQKTNEKGTSRKHTTLKDEKIKSQSGAEVKFVLKHQNVSEFASSSGGSQL
LFKQKDMPLMGSAVDHPLSASLPTGINAQQKLSGCFSSFLESKKSVDLQTFPSSRDDLHP
SVVCNSIGPGVSKINVQRPHNQSAMFTLKESTLIQKNIFDLSNHLSQVAQNTQISSGMSS
KIEDNANNIQRNYLSSIGKLSEYRNSLESKLDQAYTPNFLHCKDSQQQIVCIAEQSKHSE
TCSPGNTASEESQMPNNCFVTSLRSPIKQIAWEQKQRGFILDMSNFKPERVKPRSLSEAI
SQTKALSQCKNRNVSTPSAFGEGQSGLAVLKELLQKRQQKAQNANTTQDPLSNKHQPNKN
ISGSLEHNKANKRTRSVTSPRKPRTPRSTKQKEKIPKLLKVDSLNLQNSSQLDNSVSDDS
PIFFSDPGFESCYSLEDSLSPEHNYNFDINTIGQTGFCSFYSGSQFVPADQNLPQKFLSD
AVQDLFPGQAIEKNEFLSHDNQKCDEDKHHTTDSASWIRSGTLSPEIFEKSTIDSNENRR
HNQWKNSFHPLTTRSNSIMDSFCVQQAEDCLSEKSRLNRSSVSKEVFLSLPQPNNSDWIQ
GHTRKEMGQSLDSANTSFTAILSSPDGELVDVACEDLELYVSRNNDMLTPTPDSSPRSTS
SPSQSKNGSFTPRTANILKPLMSPPSREEIMATLLDHDLSETIYQEPFCSNPSDVPEKPR
EIGGRLLMVETRLANDLAEFEGDFSLEGLRLWKTAFSAMTQNPRPGSPLRSGQGVVNKGS
SNSPKMVEDKKIVIMPCKCAPSRQLVQVWLQAKEEYERSKKLPKTKPTGVVKSAENFSSS
VNPDDKPVVPPKMDVSPCILPTTAHTKEDVDNSQIALQAPTTGCSQTASESQMLPPVASA
SDPEKDEDDDDNYYISYSSPDSPVIPPWQQPISPDSKALNGDDRPSSPVEELPSLAFENF
LKPIKDGIQKSPCSEPQEPLVISPINTRARTGKCESLCFHSTPIIQRKLLERLPEAPGLS
PLSTEPKTQKLSNKKGSNTDTLRRVLLTQAKNQFAAVNTPQKETSQIDGPSLNNTYGFKV
SIQNLQEAKALHEIQNLTLISVELHARTRRDLEPDPEFDPICALFYCISSDTPLPDTEKT
ELTGVIVIDKDKTVFSQDIRYQTPLLIRSGITGLEVTYAADEKALFHEIANIIKRYDPDI
LLGYEIQMHSWGYLLQRAAALSIDLCRMISRVPDDKIENRFAAERDEYGSYTMSEINIVG
RITLNLWRIMRNEVALTNYTFENVSFHVLHQRFPLFTFRVLSDWFDNKTDLYRWKMVDHY
VSRVRGNLQMLEQLDLIGKTSEMARLFGIQFLHVLTRGSQYRVESMMLRIAKPMNYIPVT
PSVQQRSQMRAPQCVPLIMEPESRFYSNSVLVLDFQSLYPSIVIAYNYCFSTCLGHVENL
GKYDEFKFGCTSLRVPPDLLYQVRHDITVSPNGVAFVKPSVRKGVLPRMLEEILKTRFMV
KQSMKAYKQDRALSRMLDARQLGLKLIANVTFGYTSANFSGRMPCIEVGDSIVHKARETL
ERAIKLVNDTKKWGARVVYGDTDSMFVLLKGATKEQSFKIGQEIAEAVTATNPKPVKLKF
EKVYLPCVLQTKKRYVGYMYETLDQKDPVFDAKGIETVRRDSCPAVSKILERSLKLLFET
RDISLIKQYVQRQCMKLLEGKASIQDFIFAKEYRGSFSYKPGACVPALELTRKMLTYDRR
SEPQVGERVPYVIIYGTPGVPLIQLVRRPVEVLQDPTLRLNATYYITKQILPPLARIFSL
IGIDVFSWYHELPRIHKATSSSRSEPEGRKGTISQYFTTLHCPVCDDLTQHGICSKCRSQ
PQHVAVILNQEIRELERQQEQLVKICKNCTGCFDRHIPCVSLNCPVLFKLSRVNRELSKA
PYLRQLLDQF

Enzyme 98 Number of Residues

3130

Enzyme 98 Molecular Weight

352772.6

Enzyme 98 Theoretical pI

8.61

Enzyme 98 GO Classification

Function
DNA binding DNA polymerase activity DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity binding catalytic activity nucleic acid binding nucleotide binding nucleotidyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
DNA metabolic process DNA replication cellular macromolecule metabolic process cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process nitrogen compound metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 98 General Function

Involved in nucleotide binding

Enzyme 98 Specific Function

Deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1)

Enzyme 98 Pathways

DNA polymerase (map03030 )
Purine Metabolism (map00230 )
Pyrimidine Metabolism (map00240 )

Enzyme 98 Reactions

deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn = diphosphate + DNAn+1 [RN:R00379]

Enzyme 98 Pfam Domain Function

DNA_pol_B (PF00136 )
DNA_pol_B_exo (PF03104 )

Enzyme 98 Signals

None

Enzyme 98 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 98 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 98 GenBank ID Protein

153792012

Enzyme 98 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

O60673

Enzyme 98 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

DPOLZ_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 98 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 98 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 98 Gene Sequence

>9393 bp

ATGTTTTCAGTAAGGATAGTGACTGCAGACTACTACATGGCCAGCCCGCTGCAGGGGCTG
GATACCTGCCAATCCCCCCTCACCCAGGCCCCTGTCAAGAAGGTGCCGGTGGTGCGAGTC
TTCGGAGCGACCCCGGCAGGTCAGAAGACATGTCTTCATCTACATGGCATCTTTCCTTAC
CTCTATGTGCCATACGATGGTTATGGACAGCAGCCAGAAAGCTATCTTTCTCAGATGGCA
TTCAGTATCGACAGAGCACTTAATGTGGCTTTAGGCAATCCATCTTCCACTGCTCAGCAT
GTGTTCAAAGTGTCATTAGTATCAGGAATGCCTTTTTATGGTTATCATGAGAAGGAAAGA
CACTTTATGAAGATCTATCTTTACAATCCTACAATGGTGAAAAGGATATGTGAACTTTTG
CAAAGCGGAGCCATAATGAATAAATTTTACCAGCCTCATGAAGCGCATATTCCCTACCTC
CTACAGCTCTTCATTGACTACAATCTTTATGGCATGAATTTAATAAATCTGGCTGCTGTC
AAGTTCCGAAAAGCAAGAAGGAAAAGTAATACATTGCATGCAACTGGATCCTGCAAGAAT
CATTTATCAGGAAATTCTCTTGCTGATACTTTATTTCGGTGGGAACAAGATGAAATACCA
AGCTCTTTAATATTGGAAGGTGTTGAACCACAGAGTACATGTGAATTAGAAGTGGATGCT
GTAGCTGCTGATATCTTAAATCGTCTGGACATTGAAGCTCAAATTGGTGGAAACCCTGGT
CTACAGGCCATATGGGAAGATGAAAAGCAACGGCGAAGAAACAGAAATGAAACTTCTCAA
ATGAGCCAACCTGAGTCACAAGATCACAGGTTTGTGCCAGCAACAGAAAGTGAAAAAAAA
TTTCAGAAGAGACTTCAGGAAATTCTCAAACAGAATGATTTCTCTGTAACATTATCAGGA
TCTGTGGACTACAGCGATGGATCCCAGGAGTTCTCTGCTGAGTTAACATTGCACTCTGAG
GTTCTGTCTCCTGAAATGCTTCAGTGTACACCAGCCAATATGGTAGAAGTTCACAAAGAC
AAAGAGTCAAGCAAAGGTCACACTAGACACAAAGTGGAAGAAGCTCTTATTAATGAAGAA
GCAATTTTGAACCTTATGGAAAATAGTCAGACTTTTCAGCCTTTGACCCAAAGACTGAGT
GAGTCACCTGTTTTCATGGACAGTAGTCCTGATGAGGCTCTGGTACATCTTCTTGCTGGT
TTGGAAAGTGATGGATATCGGGGGGAAAGAAATAGGATGCCATCACCATGTCGCTCCTTT
GGAAATAATAAATATCCACAAAATAGTGATGATGAAGAAAATGAACCACAGATTGAAAAA
GAGGAAATGGAGCTTAGTTTGGTGATGTCCCAGAGATGGGACAGCAATATTGAAGAACAT
TGTGCCAAAAAGAGATCACTGTGCAGAAATACCCACAGAAGTTCAACTGAAGATGATGAC
TCATCTTCAGGAGAAGAAATGGAATGGAGTGATAACAGTTTGCTTCTAGCCAGTCTTTCT
ATACCTCAGTTAGATGGAACTGCAGATGAAAATAGTGACAATCCATTGAACAATGAAAAT
TCTAGAACCCACTCTTCTGTAATTGCAACAAGCAAGCTTTCAGTTAAACCCTCCATCTTT
CACAAAGATGCTGCTACATTAGAACCCTCATCTTCTGCTAAGATTACCTTTCAGTGTAAA
CACACAAGTGCCCTTTCTTCCCATGTTTTGAACAAGGAAGATTTAATTGAAGACCTTTCA
CAGACAAACAAAAATACAGAAAAAGGTCTAGATAACTCAGTCACTTCTTTTACAAACGAA
AGCACTTATTCTATGAAATACCCTGGATCTTTAAGCAGTACTGTTCATTCAGAAAATTCT
CATAAAGAGAATAGTAAGAAAGAGATCCTCCCAGTATCTTCCTGTGAAAGTAGTATTTTT
GATTATGAAGAAGATATTCCATCTGTTACAAGACAAGTACCAAGTAGAAAATATACAAAC
ATTAGAAAAATCGAAAAGGATTCCCCTTTTATACATATGCACCGTCACCCTAACGAGAAT
ACATTGGGCAAAAATTCTTTCAACTTTTCTGACTTAAATCATTCAAAAAATAAAGTATCC
TCTGAAGGAAATGAAAAAGGAAACAGCACAGCTCTGAGTAGTTTATTCCCTTCATCATTT
ACTGAAAATTGTGAATTACTGTCATGCTCAGGGGAGAATAGAACTATGGTGCATTCTCTT
AATAGCACTGCTGATGAAAGTGGACTAAATAAACTTAAAATTAGGTATGAAGAATTTCAA
GAACATAAAACAGAAAAGCCAAGCCTCAGCCAGCAAGCAGCACACTATATGTTTTTTCCC
AGTGTTGTTCTTTCTAACTGTCTTACTAGACCACAGAAACTATCTCCTGTCACATATAAA
TTACAACCTGGCAATAAACCATCCCGGTTAAAATTGAATAAAAGGAAACTTGCAGGTCAT
CAGGAGACTTCTACCAAAAGTAGTGAGACTGGATCCACAAAAGATAATTTTATACAAAAT
AATCCTTGTAATAGTAATCCTGAGAAGGATAATGCATTGGCTAGTGATTTAACTAAAACC
ACTCGTGGAGCTTTTGAAAATAAAACACCCACAGATGGTTTTATAGACTGTCACTTTGGA
GATGGAACGTTAGAAACTGAGCAGTCCTTTGGACTATATGGAAATAAATACACACTTAGA
GCCAAACGCAAGGTAAATTATGAGACTGAAGACAGTGAGTCAAGTTTTGTAACTCACAAC
TCAAAAATTAGTCTACCTCATCCCATGGAAATTGGTGAAAGTTTAGATGGAACTCTCAAA
TCCCGAAAACGAAGAAAAATGTCTAAAAAGCTGCCCCCTGTCATCATAAAGTATATTATT
ATTAATAGATTTAGAGGGAGAAAAAATATGCTTGTGAAGCTAGGAAAAATAGACTCTAAA
GAAAAACAAGTAATATTAACAGAAGAAAAAATGGAACTATATAAAAAGCTTGCACCTTTG
AAGGACTTTTGGCCAAAAGTTCCCGACTCCCCTGCAACCAAATATCCCATTTATCCACTA
ACACCAAAGAAAAGTCACAGAAGAAAGTCAAAACATAAATCTGCTAAGAAAAAAACTGGT
AAACAACAAAGGACAAATAATGAAAATATTAAAAGAACTTTGTCTTTCAGGAAAAAACGG
TCACATGCTATTCTTTCTCCTCCCTCACCATCTTACAATGCTGAAACCGAAGATTGTGAC
CTGAATTATAGTGATGTTATGTCTAAACTAGGTTTTCTTTCTGAGAGAAGCACAAGTCCC
ATAAATTCTTCTCCACCTCGCTGCTGGTCTCCCACAGATCCAAGAGCTGAAGAAATCATG
GCTGCTGCAGAAAAAGAGGCAATGCTTTTTAAGGGTCCTAATGTATATAAGAAGACTGTT
AATTCTCGTATAGGAAAAACTAGTCGCGCAAGAGCACAGATTAAGAAATCAAAAGCAAAG
CTTGCTAATCCCTCTATAGTTACTAAGAAAAGGAACAAACGAAATCAGACAAATAAACTA
GTAGATGATGGAAAAAAGAAACCAAGAGCAAAACAAAAAACAAATGAGAAAGGTACATCG
AGAAAGCATACAACACTTAAGGATGAAAAAATAAAATCTCAGTCTGGTGCTGAGGTTAAG
TTTGTACTGAAACACCAGAATGTGTCTGAATTTGCAAGTAGTTCTGGAGGCTCTCAACTA
CTTTTTAAACAGAAAGATATGCCACTAATGGGCTCTGCTGTAGATCATCCCCTTTCTGCT
TCCCTACCCACTGGAATTAATGCACAACAGAAGTTATCTGGCTGCTTTTCTTCTTTCTTA
GAAAGCAAGAAGTCTGTAGATTTGCAGACATTCCCCAGTTCACGAGATGATTTGCATCCA
TCAGTTGTTTGTAATTCTATAGGACCTGGAGTCTCAAAAATTAATGTTCAAAGGCCTCAT
AATCAAAGTGCTATGTTTACTCTAAAGGAATCAACGTTAATTCAAAAAAATATATTTGAC
CTTTCCAATCATTTATCTCAGGTAGCACAGAATACACAGATATCTTCTGGTATGTCCTCA
AAGATAGAAGATAATGCAAATAATATACAAAGAAACTATTTGTCATCAATCGGAAAGTTA
AGTGAATATCGCAATTCCCTAGAATCAAAGCTGGACCAAGCATATACCCCTAATTTTTTG
CATTGCAAAGACAGTCAGCAGCAGATTGTGTGCATAGCGGAACAGTCAAAGCACAGTGAA
ACTTGTTCTCCGGGAAATACAGCTTCAGAGGAAAGCCAAATGCCTAATAATTGCTTTGTA
ACTTCCTTGAGAAGTCCAATCAAACAAATAGCATGGGAGCAAAAGCAAAGGGGCTTTATT
TTAGATATGTCAAATTTTAAACCTGAAAGAGTAAAACCGAGGTCGTTATCAGAAGCAATT
TCACAAACCAAAGCACTTTCTCAGTGTAAAAATCGAAATGTGTCAACACCTTCAGCATTT
GGTGAAGGACAGTCTGGACTGGCAGTTCTAAAAGAATTGTTACAAAAAAGACAGCAGAAA
GCACAAAATGCAAATACTACACAAGACCCATTATCCAATAAACATCAACCAAATAAAAAT
ATTTCTGGTTCCCTTGAGCATAACAAAGCAAATAAACGGACACGATCGGTAACGTCCCCA
AGAAAACCTCGAACTCCCAGAAGTACAAAACAAAAAGAAAAAATCCCCAAACTTCTCAAA
GTAGACTCTTTAAATTTACAAAACTCTAGCCAGTTGGATAACTCTGTATCAGATGATAGT
CCCATCTTTTTTTCAGATCCAGGCTTTGAAAGTTGTTACTCACTTGAAGATAGTTTATCT
CCTGAACATAATTATAATTTTGATATTAACACAATAGGTCAGACTGGATTTTGTAGCTTT
TATTCTGGAAGTCAGTTTGTCCCAGCTGATCAGAATTTGCCTCAGAAGTTCCTAAGTGAT
GCTGTTCAGGATCTTTTTCCAGGACAAGCTATAGAAAAAAATGAGTTTTTAAGTCATGAC
AACCAGAAATGTGATGAAGACAAGCATCATACCACAGACTCAGCCTCATGGATTAGATCT
GGTACTTTAAGTCCTGAAATTTTTGAGAAGTCAACCATAGATAGCAATGAGAATCGTCGC
CACAACCAGTGGAAAAATAGCTTTCATCCTCTAACAACTCGGTCTAACTCAATAATGGAT
TCTTTCTGTGTTCAGCAGGCAGAAGACTGTCTAAGTGAAAAATCTAGATTGAATAGGAGT
TCAGTAAGCAAAGAAGTGTTTCTTAGCCTCCCACAGCCAAACAATTCAGACTGGATTCAA
GGTCACACCAGAAAAGAAATGGGACAGTCTCTTGACTCAGCCAATACCTCTTTTACTGCA
ATACTCTCCTCCCCTGATGGTGAACTTGTAGACGTGGCCTGTGAAGATTTAGAACTGTAT
GTTTCAAGAAACAATGATATGTTGACACCAACTCCTGATAGTTCACCAAGATCTACTAGC
TCTCCTTCACAATCTAAAAATGGCAGCTTCACCCCTCGAACTGCTAACATTCTGAAACCA
CTTATGTCCCCCCCAAGTAGGGAAGAAATTATGGCAACTTTGTTGGATCATGACCTGTCT
GAGACTATTTACCAGGAACCATTTTGCAGTAATCCTTCTGATGTACCAGAAAAGCCCAGG
GAGATTGGTGGACGGCTCCTCATGGTAGAAACTCGACTTGCAAATGATCTGGCTGAGTTT
GAGGGAGACTTTTCCTTGGAAGGACTTCGTCTTTGGAAAACAGCATTCTCAGCAATGACT
CAGAATCCAAGGCCAGGGTCACCCCTTCGCAGTGGCCAAGGAGTTGTCAATAAAGGGTCA
AGTAATAGCCCTAAGATGGTTGAAGATAAAAAAATTGTGATTATGCCTTGCAAATGTGCC
CCAAGTCGACAACTGGTTCAAGTGTGGCTTCAAGCCAAAGAAGAATACGAACGTTCCAAG
AAACTGCCTAAAACCAAGCCAACTGGAGTTGTAAAATCTGCTGAGAACTTTAGCTCTTCA
GTTAACCCAGATGACAAACCTGTAGTGCCTCCAAAAATGGATGTAAGTCCATGTATACTC
CCCACTACAGCACATACCAAGGAGGATGTTGATAATTCTCAGATTGCTTTACAAGCACCA
ACCACGGGATGTAGTCAAACTGCAAGTGAAAGTCAGATGCTGCCACCAGTTGCCTCTGCA
AGTGATCCCGAAAAAGATGAAGATGATGATGATAACTATTACATTAGTTATAGCTCCCCT
GATTCTCCAGTAATTCCCCCTTGGCAACAACCAATATCCCCAGATTCCAAAGCATTAAAT
GGAGATGATAGACCCTCATCACCAGTAGAGGAGCTGCCTTCATTGGCTTTTGAGAACTTC
TTAAAGCCAATAAAAGATGGTATACAAAAAAGCCCCTGCAGTGAGCCTCAAGAGCCTCTA
GTGATATCTCCAATTAATACTAGGGCAAGAACTGGGAAATGTGAATCACTTTGCTTTCAT
AGTACACCAATCATACAGAGAAAACTTCTGGAAAGGCTTCCTGAAGCACCTGGCCTTAGC
CCATTATCAACAGAACCAAAAACACAGAAGTTGAGTAATAAGAAAGGAAGTAATACTGAC
ACTCTTAGAAGAGTACTGTTAACACAAGCAAAGAATCAATTTGCAGCAGTAAATACCCCA
CAGAAAGAAACTTCTCAGATTGATGGACCATCTTTAAACAATACTTACGGTTTCAAAGTC
AGCATACAAAACTTACAGGAGGCAAAAGCTTTACATGAGATACAAAATCTTACCCTAATC
AGTGTGGAGTTGCATGCTCGAACTAGACGAGACTTAGAACCGGATCCTGAATTTGACCCA
ATCTGTGCTCTGTTCTACTGCATCTCATCTGACACTCCACTGCCAGATACAGAAAAAACA
GAACTCACAGGTGTAATAGTGATTGATAAAGACAAGACAGTTTTCAGTCAAGATATCAGA
TATCAGACTCCATTACTTATTAGATCTGGAATTACAGGACTCGAAGTCACCTATGCTGCT
GATGAGAAGGCACTTTTTCATGAAATTGCAAATATAATAAAGAGGTATGATCCTGATATT
CTGCTAGGATATGAGATTCAGATGCATTCCTGGGGTTACCTCTTACAAAGGGCTGCCGCT
TTAAGTATTGACTTATGTCGGATGATCTCTCGGGTGCCAGATGACAAAATTGAGAACAGA
TTTGCAGCTGAAAGAGATGAGTATGGATCATATACAATGAGTGAGATAAATATTGTTGGC
CGAATTACACTAAATCTTTGGAGAATCATGAGAAATGAGGTGGCTCTAACTAACTACACC
TTTGAAAATGTGAGCTTTCATGTTCTTCATCAGCGTTTTCCCCTCTTTACCTTTCGAGTC
TTGTCAGACTGGTTTGATAACAAGACAGATCTATACAGATGGAAAATGGTTGATCATTAT
GTTAGCCGTGTCCGTGGAAATCTCCAAATGTTAGAACAGCTGGACCTGATTGGGAAAACC
AGTGAGATGGCTAGACTTTTTGGCATTCAGTTTTTACATGTACTGACAAGGGGTTCACAG
TACCGTGTGGAATCAATGATGTTGCGTATTGCTAAACCAATGAACTATATTCCTGTGACA
CCTAGTGTTCAGCAAAGATCCCAGATGAGAGCCCCACAGTGTGTTCCTCTAATTATGGAG
CCTGAATCCCGCTTCTATAGCAACTCTGTTCTCGTTTTGGATTTCCAATCACTTTATCCT
TCTATTGTGATTGCATATAACTACTGCTTTTCCACCTGCCTTGGCCATGTGGAGAACTTG
GGAAAGTATGATGAGTTCAAATTTGGCTGTACCTCTCTGAGAGTACCTCCAGATTTACTT
TACCAAGTTAGGCATGATATCACAGTGTCCCCCAATGGAGTAGCTTTTGTCAAGCCTTCA
GTAAGAAAAGGTGTACTACCAAGAATGCTTGAAGAAATTTTGAAGACTAGATTTATGGTG
AAGCAGTCAATGAAGGCTTACAAGCAAGACAGAGCCCTGTCACGAATGCTTGATGCGCGT
CAGTTGGGACTTAAGCTGATAGCAAATGTCACATTTGGCTATACATCTGCTAATTTTTCT
GGGAGAATGCCATGCATTGAGGTTGGCGATAGTATTGTTCACAAAGCCAGAGAGACCTTG
GAACGAGCTATTAAACTGGTGAATGATACCAAGAAATGGGGGGCTAGGGTTGTATATGGC
GATACTGACAGTATGTTTGTGCTACTGAAAGGAGCCACTAAGGAGCAGTCTTTTAAGATT
GGTCAGGAAATTGCCGAAGCTGTAACTGCTACCAATCCTAAACCAGTGAAATTGAAGTTT
GAAAAGGTATATTTGCCCTGTGTTTTACAAACAAAAAAGAGGTATGTGGGTTACATGTAT
GAAACACTGGATCAGAAGGACCCAGTATTTGATGCAAAAGGAATAGAAACAGTCAGAAGA
GATTCCTGCCCTGCTGTTTCTAAGATACTTGAGCGTTCTCTAAAGCTGCTATTTGAAACG
AGAGATATAAGTCTAATTAAACAGTATGTTCAGCGACAATGTATGAAGCTTCTGGAAGGA
AAGGCCAGCATACAAGACTTTATCTTTGCCAAGGAATACAGAGGAAGTTTTTCTTATAAA
CCAGGAGCTTGTGTGCCAGCCCTTGAACTTACAAGGAAAATGCTGACTTATGACCGGCGC
TCTGAGCCTCAGGTTGGGGAGCGAGTGCCATACGTCATCATTTATGGGACCCCCGGAGTA
CCACTTATCCAGCTTGTAAGGCGCCCAGTGGAAGTCCTGCAGGACCCAACTCTGAGACTG
AATGCTACTTACTATATTACCAAGCAAATCCTTCCACCCTTGGCAAGAATCTTCTCACTT
ATTGGTATTGATGTCTTCAGCTGGTATCATGAATTACCAAGGATCCATAAAGCTACCAGC
TCCTCGCGAAGTGAACCTGAAGGGCGGAAAGGCACTATTTCACAATATTTTACTACCTTA
CACTGTCCTGTGTGTGATGACCTAACTCAGCATGGCATCTGTAGTAAATGTCGGAGCCAA
CCTCAGCATGTTGCAGTCATCCTCAACCAAGAAATCCGGGAGTTGGAACGTCAACAGGAG
CAACTTGTAAAGATATGCAAGAACTGTACAGGTTGCTTTGATCGACACATCCCATGTGTT
TCTCTGAACTGCCCAGTACTTTTCAAACTCTCCCGAGTAAATAGAGAATTGTCCAAGGCA
CCATATCTCCGGCAGTTATTAGACCAGTTTTAA

Enzyme 98 GenBank Gene ID

NM_002912.3 Link Image

Enzyme 98 GeneCard ID

REV3L

Enzyme 98 GenAtlas ID

REV3L

Enzyme 98 HGNC ID

HGNC:9968

Enzyme 98 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 98 Locus

6q21

Enzyme 98 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 98 General References

Gibbs PE, McGregor WG, Maher VM, Nisson P, Lawrence CW: A human homolog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae REV3 gene, which encodes the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase zeta. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Jun 9;95(12):6876-80. [PubMed ]
Lin W, Wu X, Wang Z: A full-length cDNA of hREV3 is predicted to encode DNA polymerase zeta for damage-induced mutagenesis in humans. Mutat Res. 1999 Mar 10;433(2):89-98. [PubMed ]
Morelli C, Mungall AJ, Negrini M, Barbanti-Brodano G, Croce CM: Alternative splicing, genomic structure, and fine chromosome localization of REV3L. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1998;83(1-2):18-20. [PubMed ]
Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, Edwards CA, Ashurst JL, Wilming L, Jones MC, Horton R, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Gilbert JG, Clamp ME, Bethel G, Milne S, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Andrews TD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bray-Allen S, Brook J, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clark G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley V, Collier RE, Collins JE, Colman LK, Corby NR, Coville GJ, Culley KM, Dhami P, Davies J, Dunn M, Earthrowl ME, Ellington AE, Evans KA, Faulkner L, Francis MD, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori MJ, Gilby LM, Gillson CJ, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Grant M, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths M, Hall R, Halls KS, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart EA, Heath PD, Heathcott R, Holmes SJ, Howden PJ, Howe KL, Howell GR, Huckle E, Humphray SJ, Humphries MD, Hunt AR, Johnson CM, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan SJ, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd CR, Lloyd DM, Loveland JE, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Maslen GL, Matthews L, McCann OT, McLaren SJ, McLay K, McMurray A, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Niblett D, Nickerson T, Novik KL, Oliver K, Overton-Larty EK, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Phillimore B, Phillips S, Plumb RW, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Ranby SA, Rice CM, Ross MT, Searle SM, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Skuce CD, Smith S, Smith M, Spraggon L, Squares SL, Steward CA, Sycamore N, Tamlyn-Hall G, Tester J, Theaker AJ, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tubby B, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, White SS, Whitehead SL, Whittaker H, Wild A, Willey DJ, Wilmer TE, Wood JM, Wray PW, Wyatt JC, Young L, Younger RM, Bentley DR, Coulson A, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Sulston JE, Dunham I, Rogers J, Beck S: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. Nature. 2003 Oct 23;425(6960):805-11. [PubMed ]
Murakumo Y, Roth T, Ishii H, Rasio D, Numata S, Croce CM, Fishel R: A human REV7 homolog that interacts with the polymerase zeta catalytic subunit hREV3 and the spindle assembly checkpoint protein hMAD2. J Biol Chem. 2000 Feb 11;275(6):4391-7. [PubMed ]
Tao WA, Wollscheid B, O'Brien R, Eng JK, Li XJ, Bodenmiller B, Watts JD, Hood L, Aebersold R: Quantitative phosphoproteome analysis using a dendrimer conjugation chemistry and tandem mass spectrometry. Nat Methods. 2005 Aug;2(8):591-8. [PubMed ]
Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed ]
Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 98 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 99 [top]

Enzyme 99 ID

6249

Enzyme 99 Name

DNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit A

Enzyme 99 Synonyms

DNA polymerase II subunit A

Enzyme 99 Gene Name

POLE

Enzyme 99 Protein Sequence

>DNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit A

MSLRSGGRRRADPGADGEASRDDGATSSVSALKRLERSQWTDKMDLRFGFERLKEPGEKT
GWLINMHPTEILDEDKRLGSAVDYYFIQDDGSRFKVALPYKPYFYIATRKGCEREVSSFL
SKKFQGKIAKVETVPKEDLDLPNHLVGLKRNYIRLSFHTVEDLVKVRKEISPAVKKNREQ
DHASDAYTALLSSVLQRGGVITDEEETSKKIADQLDNIVDMREYDVPYHIRLSIDLKIHV
AHWYNVRYRGNAFPVEITRRDDLVERPDPVVLAFDIETTKLPLKFPDAETDQIMMISYMI
DGQGYLITNREIVSEDIEDFEFTPKPEYEGPFCVFNEPDEAHLIQRWFEHVQETKPTIMV
TYNGDFFDWPFVEARAAVHGLSMQQEIGFQKDSQGEYKAPQCIHMDCLRWVKRDSYLPVG
SHNLKAAAKAKLGYDPVELDPEDMCRMATEQPQTLATYSVSDAVATYYLYMKYVHPFIFA
LCTIIPMEPDEVLRKGSGTLCEALLMVQAFHANIIFPNKQEQEFNKLTDDGHVLDSETYV
GGHVEALESGVFRSDIPCRFRMNPAAFDFLLQRVEKTLRHALEEEEKVPVEQVTNFEEVC
DEIKSKLASLKDVPSRIECPLIYHLDVGAMYPNIILTNRLQPSAMVDEATCAACDFNKPG
ANCQRKMAWQWRGEFMPASRSEYHRIQHQLESEKFPPLFPEGPARAFHELSREEQAKYEK
RRLADYCRKAYKKIHITKVEERLTTICQRENSFYVDTVRAFRDRRYEFKGLHKVWKKKLS
AAVEVGDAAEVKRCKNMEVLYDSLQLAHKCILNSFYGYVMRKGARWYSMEMAGIVCFTGA
NIITQARELIEQIGRPLELDTDGIWCVLPNSFPENFVFKTTNVKKPKVTISYPGAMLNIM
VKEGFTNDQYQELAEPSSLTYVTRSENSIFFEVDGPYLAMILPASKEEGKKLKKRYAVFN
EDGSLAELKGFEVKRRGELQLIKIFQSSVFEAFLKGSTLEEVYGSVAKVADYWLDVLYSK
AANMPDSELFELISENRSMSRKLEDYGEQKSTSISTAKRLAEFLGDQMVKDAGLSCRYII
SRKPEGSPVTERAIPLAIFQAEPTVRKHFLRKWLKSSSLQDFDIRAILDWDYYIERLGSA
IQKIITIPAALQQVKNPVPRVKHPDWLHKKLLEKNDVYKQKKISELFTLEGRRQVTMAEA
SEDSPRPSAPDMEDFGLVKLPHPAAPVTVKRKRVLWESQEESQDLTPTVPWQEILGQPPA
LGTSQEEWLVWLRFHKKKWQLQARQRLARRKRQRLESAEGVLRPGAIRDGPATGLGSFLR
RTARSILDLPWQIVQISETSQAGLFRLWALVGSDLHCIRLSIPRVFYVNQRVAKAEEGAS
YRKVNRVLPRSNMVYNLYEYSVPEDMYQEHINEINAELSAPDIEGVYETQVPLLFRALVH
LGCVCVVNKQLVRHLSGWEAETFALEHLEMRSLAQFSYLEPGSIRHIYLYHHAQAHKALF
GIFIPSQRRASVFVLDTVRSNQMPSLGALYSAEHGLLLEKVGPELLPPPKHTFEVRAETD
LKTICRAIQRFLLAYKEERRGPTLIAVQSSWELKRLASEIPVLEEFPLVPICVADKINYG
VLDWQRHGARRMIRHYLNLDTCLSQAFEMSRYFHIPIGNLPEDISTFGSDLFFARHLQRH
NHLLWLSPTARPDLGGKEADDNCLVMEFDDQATVEINSSGCYSTVCVELDLQNLAVNTIL
QSHHVNDMEGADSMGISFDVIQQASLEDMITGGQAASAPASYDETALCSNTFRILKSMVV
GWVKEITQYHNIYADNQVMHFYRWLRSPSSLLHDPALHRTLHNMMKKLFLQLIAEFKRLG
SSVIYANFNRIILCTKKRRVEDAIAYVEYITSSIHSKETFHSLTISFSRCWEFLLWMDPS
NYGGIKGKVSSRIHCGLQDSQKAGGAEDEQENEDDEEERDGEEEEEAEESNVEDLLENNW
NILQFLPQAASCQNYFLMIVSAYIVAVYHCMKDGLRRSAPGSTPVRRRGASQLSQEAEGA
VGALPGMITFSQDYVANELTQSFFTITQKIQKKVTGSRNSTELSEMFPVLPGSHLLLNNP
ALEFIKYVCKVLSLDTNITNQVNKLNRDLLRLVDVGEFSEEAQFRDPCRSYVLPEVICRS
CNFCRDLDLCKDSSFSEDGAVLPQWLCSNCQAPYDSSAIEMTLVEVLQKKLMAFTLQDLV
CLKCRGVKETSMPVYCSCAGDFALTIHTQVFMEQIGIFRNIAQHYGMSYLLETLEWLLQK
NPQLGH

Enzyme 99 Number of Residues

2286

Enzyme 99 Molecular Weight

261515.5

Enzyme 99 Theoretical pI

6.35

Enzyme 99 GO Classification

Function
DNA binding DNA polymerase activity DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity binding catalytic activity cation binding ion binding metal ion binding nucleic acid binding nucleotide binding nucleotidyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups transition metal ion binding zinc ion binding
Process
DNA metabolic process DNA replication cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process
Component
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle membrane-bounded organelle nucleus organelle

Enzyme 99 General Function

Involved in nucleotide binding

Enzyme 99 Specific Function

Participates in DNA repair and in chromosomal DNA replication

Enzyme 99 Pathways

DNA polymerase (map03030 )
Purine Metabolism (map00230 )
Pyrimidine Metabolism (map00240 )

Enzyme 99 Reactions

deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn = diphosphate + DNAn+1 [RN:R00379]

Enzyme 99 Pfam Domain Function

DNA_pol_B (PF00136 )
DNA_pol_B_exo (PF03104 )
DUF1744 (PF08490 )

Enzyme 99 Signals

None

Enzyme 99 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 99 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 99 GenBank ID Protein

62198237

Enzyme 99 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q07864

Enzyme 99 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

DPOE1_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 99 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 99 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 99 Gene Sequence

>6861 bp

ATGTCTCTGAGGAGCGGCGGGCGGCGGCGCGCGGACCCAGGCGCGGATGGCGAGGCCAGC
AGGGATGATGGCGCCACTTCCTCAGTTTCGGCACTCAAGCGCCTGGAACGGAGTCAGTGG
ACGGATAAGATGGATTTGCGGTTTGGTTTTGAGCGGCTGAAGGAGCCTGGTGAGAAGACA
GGCTGGCTCATTAACATGCATCCTACCGAGATTTTAGATGAAGATAAGCGCTTAGGCAGT
GCAGTGGATTACTACTTTATTCAAGATGACGGAAGCAGATTTAAGGTGGCTTTGCCCTAT
AAACCGTATTTCTACATTGCGACCAGAAAGGGTTGTGAGCGAGAAGTTTCATCTTTTCTC
TCCAAGAAGTTTCAGGGCAAAATTGCAAAAGTGGAGACTGTCCCCAAAGAGGATCTGGAC
TTGCCAAATCACTTGGTGGGTTTGAAGCGAAATTACATCAGGCTGTCCTTCCACACTGTG
GAGGATCTTGTCAAAGTGAGGAAGGAGATCTCCCCTGCCGTGAAGAAGAACAGGGAGCAG
GATCACGCCAGCGACGCGTACACAGCTCTGCTTTCCAGTGTTCTGCAGAGGGGCGGTGTC
ATTACTGATGAAGAGGAAACCTCTAAGAAGATAGCTGACCAGTTGGACAACATTGTGGAC
ATGCGCGAGTACGATGTTCCCTACCACATCCGCCTCTCCATTGACCTGAAGATCCACGTG
GCTCATTGGTACAATGTCAGATACCGAGGAAATGCTTTTCCGGTAGAAATCACCCGCCGA
GATGACCTTGTTGAACGACCTGACCCTGTGGTTTTGGCATTTGACATTGAGACGACCAAA
CTGCCCCTCAAGTTTCCTGATGCTGAGACAGACCAGATTATGATGATTTCCTACATGATC
GATGGCCAGGGCTACCTCATCACCAACAGGGAGATTGTTTCAGAAGATATTGAAGATTTT
GAGTTCACCCCCAAGCCAGAATATGAAGGCCCCTTTTGTGTCTTCAATGAACCCGATGAG
GCTCATCTGATCCAAAGGTGGTTTGAACACGTCCAGGAGACCAAACCCACCATCATGGTC
ACCTACAACGGGGACTTTTTTGACTGGCCATTTGTGGAGGCCCGGGCAGCAGTCCACGGT
CTGAGCATGCAGCAGGAGATAGGCTTCCAGAAGGACAGCCAGGGGGAGTACAAGGCGCCC
CAGTGCATCCACATGGACTGCCTCAGGTGGGTGAAGAGGGACAGTTACCTTCCTGTGGGC
AGTCATAATCTCAAGGCGGCCGCCAAGGCCAAGCTAGGCTATGATCCCGTGGAGCTAGAC
CCGGAGGACATGTGCCGGATGGCCACGGAGCAGCCCCAGACTCTGGCCACGTATTCTGTG
TCAGATGCTGTCGCCACTTACTACCTGTACATGAAGTACGTCCACCCATTCATCTTTGCT
CTGTGCACCATTATTCCCATGGAGCCCGACGAGGTGCTGCGGAAGGGCTCTGGCACTCTG
TGTGAGGCCTTGCTGATGGTGCAGGCCTTCCACGCCAACATCATCTTCCCCAACAAGCAA
GAGCAGGAGTTCAATAAGCTGACGGACGACGGACACGTGCTGGACTCTGAGACCTACGTC
GGGGGCCACGTGGAGGCCCTCGAGTCTGGGGTTTTCCGCAGCGATATCCCTTGCCGGTTT
AGGATGAATCCTGCCGCCTTTGACTTCCTGCTGCAGCGGGTTGAGAAGACCTTGCGCCAC
GCCCTTGAGGAAGAGGAGAAAGTGCCTGTGGAGCAAGTCACCAACTTTGAAGAGGTGTGT
GATGAGATTAAGAGCAAGCTTGCCTCCCTGAAGGACGTTCCCAGCCGCATCGAGTGTCCA
CTCATCTACCACCTGGACGTGGGGGCCATGTACCCCAACATCATCCTGACCAACCGCCTG
CAGCCCTCTGCCATGGTGGACGAAGCCACCTGTGCTGCCTGTGACTTCAATAAGCCTGGA
GCAAACTGCCAGCGGAAGATGGCCTGGCAGTGGAGGGGCGAGTTCATGCCAGCCAGTCGC
AGCGAATACCATCGGATCCAGCACCAGCTGGAGTCAGAGAAGTTCCCCCCCTTGTTCCCA
GAGGGGCCAGCTCGGGCCTTTCATGAACTGTCCCGCGAGGAACAGGCGAAATACGAGAAG
AGAAGGCTGGCGGATTACTGCCGGAAAGCCTACAAGAAGATCCACATCACCAAGGTGGAA
GAGCGTCTCACCACCATCTGCCAGCGGGAAAACTCCTTCTACGTGGACACCGTGCGTGCC
TTCCGGGACAGGCGTTACGAGTTCAAAGGGCTCCACAAGGTGTGGAAAAAGAAGCTCTCG
GCGGCCGTGGAGGTGGGCGACGCGGCTGAGGTGAAGCGCTGCAAGAACATGGAGGTGCTG
TATGACTCGCTGCAGCTGGCCCACAAGTGCATCCTGAACTCCTTCTATGGCTATGTCATG
CGCAAGGGGGCTCGCTGGTACTCCATGGAGATGGCTGGCATCGTCTGCTTCACAGGGGCC
AACATCATCACCCAGGCACGGGAGCTGATCGAGCAGATTGGGAGGCCCTTAGAGCTGGAC
ACAGATGGTATATGGTGCGTCCTGCCCAACAGCTTCCCAGAAAATTTTGTCTTCAAGACG
ACCAATGTGAAGAAGCCCAAAGTGACCATCTCCTACCCAGGCGCCATGTTGAACATCATG
GTCAAGGAAGGCTTCACCAATGACCAGTACCAGGAGCTGGCTGAGCCGTCCTCACTCACC
TACGTCACCCGCTCAGAGAACAGCATCTTTTTTGAGGTTGATGGGCCCTACCTTGCCATG
ATTCTTCCAGCCTCCAAGGAAGAAGGCAAGAAATTGAAGAAGAGGTATGCTGTGTTCAAT
GAAGACGGTTCTCTGGCTGAGCTCAAGGGCTTTGAGGTCAAACGCCGCGGGGAACTGCAG
CTGATTAAGATCTTCCAATCCTCGGTGTTTGAGGCCTTCCTCAAGGGCAGCACGCTGGAA
GAGGTGTATGGCTCTGTAGCCAAGGTGGCTGACTACTGGCTGGACGTGCTGTACAGCAAG
GCAGCCAACATGCCTGACTCTGAGCTATTCGAGCTCATCTCTGAGAACCGTTCCATGTCT
CGGAAGCTGGAAGATTACGGGGAGCAGAAGTCTACGTCCATCAGCACAGCAAAGCGCCTG
GCCGAGTTCCTGGGAGACCAGATGGTCAAGGATGCAGGGCTGAGTTGCCGCTACATCATC
TCCCGCAAGCCCGAGGGCTCCCCTGTCACGGAGAGGGCCATCCCACTTGCCATTTTCCAA
GCAGAGCCCACGGTGAGGAAGCACTTTCTCCGGAAATGGCTCAAGAGCTCTTCCCTTCAA
GACTTTGATATTCGAGCAATTCTGGATTGGGACTACTACATTGAGCGGCTGGGAAGCGCC
ATCCAGAAGATCATCACCATCCCTGCGGCCCTGCAGCAGGTAAAGAACCCAGTGCCACGT
GTCAAACACCCCGACTGGCTGCACAAAAAACTGCTGGAGAAGAATGATGTCTACAAGCAG
AAGAAGATCAGTGAGCTCTTCACCCTGGAGGGCAGGAGACAGGTCACGATGGCCGAGGCC
TCAGAAGACAGTCCGAGGCCAAGTGCTCCTGACATGGAGGACTTCGGCCTCGTAAAGCTG
CCTCACCCAGCAGCCCCTGTCACTGTGAAGAGGAAGCGAGTTCTTTGGGAGAGCCAGGAG
GAGTCCCAGGACCTCACGCCGACTGTGCCCTGGCAGGAAATCTTGGGGCAGCCTCCCGCC
CTGGGAACCAGCCAGGAGGAATGGCTTGTCTGGCTCCGGTTCCACAAGAAGAAGTGGCAG
CTGCAGGCCCGGCAGCGCCTCGCCCGCAGGAAGAGGCAGCGTCTGGAGTCGGCAGAGGGT
GTGCTCAGGCCCGGGGCCATCCGGGATGGTCCTGCCACGGGGCTGGGGAGCTTCTTGCGA
AGAACTGCCCGCAGCATCCTGGACCTTCCGTGGCAGATTGTGCAGATCAGCGAGACCAGC
CAGGCCGGCCTGTTCAGGCTGTGGGCGCTCGTTGGCAGTGACTTGCACTGCATCAGGCTG
AGCATCCCCCGTGTGTTCTACGTGAACCAGCGAGTCGCTAAAGCGGAGGAGGGTGCTTCG
TATCGCAAGGTAAATCGGGTCCTTCCTCGCTCCAACATGGTCTACAATCTCTATGAGTAT
TCAGTGCCAGAGGACATGTACCAGGAACACATCAACGAGATCAACGCTGAGCTGTCAGCG
CCAGACATCGAGGGCGTATATGAGACTCAGGTTCCGTTACTGTTCCGGGCCCTGGTGCAC
CTGGGCTGTGTGTGTGTGGTCAATAAACAGCTGGTGAGGCACCTTTCAGGCTGGGAAGCA
GAGACCTTTGCTCTTGAGCACCTGGAGATGCGCTCTCTGGCCCAGTTCAGCTACCTGGAA
CCAGGGAGTATCCGCCATATCTACCTGTACCACCACGCACAGGCCCACAAAGCGCTCTTC
GGGATCTTCATCCCCTCACAGCGCAGGGCATCCGTCTTTGTGCTGGACACTGTGCGCAGC
AACCAGATGCCCAGCCTTGGCGCCCTGTACTCAGCAGAGCACGGCCTCCTCCTGGAGAAG
GTGGGCCCTGAGCTCCTGCCACCCCCCAAACACACCTTCGAAGTTCGGGCAGAAACTGAC
CTGAAGACCATCTGCAGAGCCATCCAGCGATTCCTGCTCGCCTACAAGGAGGAGCGCCGG
GGGCCCACACTCATCGCTGTTCAGTCCAGCTGGGAGCTGAAGAGGCTGGCCAGTGAAATT
CCTGTCTTGGAGGAATTCCCACTGGTGCCTATCTGTGTGGCTGACAAGATCAACTATGGG
GTCCTGGACTGGCAGCGCCATGGAGCCCGGCGCATGATCCGTCACTACCTCAACCTGGAC
ACCTGCCTGTCGCAGGCCTTCGAGATGAGCAGGTACTTTCACATTCCCATTGGGAACCTA
CCAGAGGACATCTCCACATTCGGCTCCGACCTCTTCTTTGCCCGCCACCTCCAGCGCCAC
AACCACCTGCTCTGGCTGTCCCCTACAGCCCGCCCTGACCTGGGTGGAAAGGAGGCTGAT
GACAACTGTCTTGTCATGGAGTTCGATGACCAAGCCACTGTTGAGATCAACAGTTCAGGC
TGTTACTCCACAGTGTGTGTGGAGCTGGACCTTCAGAACCTGGCCGTCAACACCATTCTC
CAGTCTCACCATGTCAACGACATGGAGGGGGCCGACAGCATGGGGATCAGCTTCGACGTG
ATCCAGCAGGCCTCCCTGGAGGACATGATCACGGGTGGTCAGGCTGCCAGTGCCCCGGCC
AGCTACGATGAGACAGCCCTGTGCTCTAACACCTTCAGGATCCTGAAGAGCATGGTCGTG
GGCTGGGTGAAGGAGATCACCCAGTACCACAACATCTATGCAGACAACCAGGTGATGCAC
TTCTACCGCTGGCTTCGGTCGCCATCCTCTCTGCTTCATGACCCTGCCCTGCACCGCACA
CTCCACAACATGATGAAGAAGCTCTTCCTGCAGCTCATCGCTGAGTTCAAGCGCCTGGGG
TCATCAGTCATCTACGCCAACTTCAACCGCATCATCCTCTGTACAAAGAAGCGCCGTGTG
GAAGATGCCATCGCTTACGTGGAGTACATCACCAGCAGCATCCATTCAAAGGAGACCTTC
CATTCTCTGACAATTTCTTTCTCTCGATGCTGGGAATTTCTTCTCTGGATGGATCCATCT
AACTATGGCGGAATCAAAGGAAAAGTTTCATCTCGTATTCACTGTGGACTGCAAGACTCC
CAGAAAGCAGGGGGAGCAGAGGATGAGCAGGAAAATGAGGACGATGAGGAGGAAAGAGAT
GGGGAGGAGGAGGAAGAGGCGGAGGAATCCAACGTGGAGGATTTACTGGAAAACAACTGG
AACATTTTGCAGTTTTTGCCACAGGCAGCCTCCTGCCAGAACTACTTCCTCATGATTGTT
TCAGCGTACATCGTGGCCGTGTACCACTGCATGAAGGACGGGCTGAGGCGCAGTGCTCCA
GGGAGCACCCCCGTGAGGAGGAGGGGGGCCAGCCAGCTCTCCCAGGAGGCCGAGGGGGCG
GTCGGAGCCCTTCCCGGAATGATCACCTTCTCTCAGGATTATGTCGCAAATGAGCTCACT
CAGAGCTTCTTCACCATCACTCAGAAGATTCAGAAGAAAGTCACAGGCTCTCGGAACTCC
ACTGAGCTCTCAGAGATGTTTCCTGTCCTCCCCGGTTCCCACTTGCTGCTCAATAACCCT
GCCCTGGAGTTCATCAAATACGTGTGCAAGGTGCTGTCCCTGGACACCAACATCACAAAC
CAGGTGAATAAGCTGAACCGAGACCTGCTTCGCCTGGTGGATGTCGGCGAGTTCTCCGAG
GAGGCCCAGTTCCGAGACCCCTGCCGCTCCTACGTGCTTCCTGAGGTCATCTGCCGCAGC
TGTAACTTCTGCCGCGACCTGGACCTGTGTAAAGACTCTTCCTTCTCAGAGGATGGGGCG
GTCCTGCCTCAGTGGCTCTGCTCCAACTGTCAGGCGCCCTACGACTCCTCTGCCATCGAG
ATGACGCTGGTGGAAGTTCTACAGAAGAAGCTGATGGCCTTCACCCTGCAGGACCTGGTC
TGCCTGAAGTGCCGCGGGGTGAAGGAGACCAGCATGCCTGTGTACTGCAGCTGCGCGGGA
GACTTCGCCCTCACCATCCACACCCAGGTCTTCATGGAACAGATCGGAATATTCCGGAAC
ATTGCCCAGCACTACGGCATGTCGTACCTCCTGGAGACCCTGGAGTGGCTGCTGCAGAAG
AACCCACAGCTGGGCCATTAG

Enzyme 99 GenBank Gene ID

NM_006231.2 Link Image

Enzyme 99 GeneCard ID

POLE

Enzyme 99 GenAtlas ID

POLE

Enzyme 99 HGNC ID

HGNC:9177

Enzyme 99 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 99 Locus

12q24.3

Enzyme 99 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 99 General References

Kesti T, Frantti H, Syvaoja JE: Molecular cloning of the cDNA for the catalytic subunit of human DNA polymerase epsilon. J Biol Chem. 1993 May 15;268(14):10238-45. [PubMed ]
Makiniemi M, Hillukkala T, Tuusa J, Reini K, Vaara M, Huang D, Pospiech H, Majuri I, Westerling T, Makela TP, Syvaoja JE: BRCT domain-containing protein TopBP1 functions in DNA replication and damage response. J Biol Chem. 2001 Aug 10;276(32):30399-406. Epub 2001 Jun 6. [PubMed ]
Post SM, Tomkinson AE, Lee EY: The human checkpoint Rad protein Rad17 is chromatin-associated throughout the cell cycle, localizes to DNA replication sites, and interacts with DNA polymerase epsilon. Nucleic Acids Res. 2003 Oct 1;31(19):5568-75. [PubMed ]
Matsuoka S, Ballif BA, Smogorzewska A, McDonald ER 3rd, Hurov KE, Luo J, Bakalarski CE, Zhao Z, Solimini N, Lerenthal Y, Shiloh Y, Gygi SP, Elledge SJ: ATM and ATR substrate analysis reveals extensive protein networks responsive to DNA damage. Science. 2007 May 25;316(5828):1160-6. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 99 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 100 [top]

Enzyme 100 ID

6252

Enzyme 100 Name

DNA polymerase mu

Enzyme 100 Synonyms

Pol Mu

Enzyme 100 Gene Name

POLM

Enzyme 100 Protein Sequence

>DNA polymerase mu

MLPKRRRARVGSPSGDAASSTPPSTRFPGVAIYLVEPRMGRSRRAFLTGLARSKGFRVLD
ACSSEATHVVMEETSAEEAVSWQERRMAAAPPGCTPPALLDISWLTESLGAGQPVPVECR
HRLEVAGPRKGPLSPAWMPAYACQRPTPLTHHNTGLSEALEILAEAAGFEGSEGRLLTFC
RAASVLKALPSPVTTLSQLQGLPHFGEHSSRVVQELLEHGVCEEVERVRRSERYQTMKLF
TQIFGVGVKTADRWYREGLRTLDDLREQPQKLTQQQKAGLQHHQDLSTPVLRSDVDALQQ
VVEEAVGQALPGATVTLTGGFRRGKLQGHDVDFLITHPKEGQEAGLLPRVMCRLQDQGLI
LYHQHQHSCCESPTRLAQQSHMDAFERSFCIFRLPQPPGAAVGGSTRPCPSWKAVRVDLV
VAPVSQFPFALLGWTGSKLFQRELRRFSRKEKGLWLNSHGLFDPEQKTFFQAASEEDIFR
HLGLEYLPPEQRNA

Enzyme 100 Number of Residues

494

Enzyme 100 Molecular Weight

54815.1

Enzyme 100 Theoretical pI

8.50

Enzyme 100 GO Classification

Function
DNA binding DNA nucleotidylexotransferase activity DNA polymerase activity DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity binding catalytic activity nucleic acid binding nucleotidyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
DNA metabolic process DNA replication cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process
Component
cell part intracellular

Enzyme 100 General Function

Involved in DNA binding

Enzyme 100 Specific Function

Seems to act as an Ig mutase which is responsible for immunoglobulin (Ig) gene hypermutation

Enzyme 100 Pathways

DNA polymerase (map03030 )
Purine Metabolism (map00230 )
Pyrimidine Metabolism (map00240 )

Enzyme 100 Reactions

deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn = diphosphate + DNAn+1 [RN:R00379]

Enzyme 100 Pfam Domain Function

DNA_pol_lambd_f (PF10391 )

Enzyme 100 Signals

None

Enzyme 100 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 100 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 100 GenBank ID Protein

6715109

Enzyme 100 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q9NP87

Enzyme 100 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

DPOLM_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 100 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 100 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 100 Gene Sequence

>1485 bp

ATGCTCCCCAAACGGCGGCGAGCGCGGGTCGGGTCCCCTAGCGGCGATGCCGCTTCCTCC
ACGCCGCCCTCGACGCGCTTCCCGGGAGTCGCCATCTACCTGGTCGAGCCTCGCATGGGT
CGCAGCCGCCGGGCCTTCCTCACAGGCCTGGCGCGCTCCAAAGGCTTCCGCGTCCTTGAC
GCCTGCAGCTCCGAAGCGACACATGTTGTGATGGAAGAGACCTCAGCAGAGGAGGCCGTC
AGCTGGCAGGAGCGCAGGATGGCAGCTGCTCCCCCGGGTTGCACCCCCCCAGCTCTGCTG
GACATAAGCTGGTTAACAGAGAGCCTGGGAGCTGGGCAGCCTGTACCTGTGGAGTGCCGG
CACCGCCTGGAGGTGGCTGGGCCAAGGAAGGGGCCTCTGAGCCCAGCATGGATGCCTGCC
TATGCCTGCCAGCGCCCTACGCCCCTCACACACCACAACACTGGCCTCTCCGAGGCTCTG
GAGATACTGGCCGAGGCAGCAGGCTTTGAAGGCAGTGAGGGCCGCCTCCTCACCTTCTGC
AGAGCAGCCTCGGTGCTCAAGGCCCTTCCCAGCCCTGTCACAACCCTGAGCCAGCTGCAG
GGGCTTCCCCACTTTGGAGAACACTCCTCTAGGGTTGTCCAGGAGCTGCTGGAGCATGGA
GTGTGTGAGGAGGTGGAGAGAGTTCGGCGCTCAGAGAGGTACCAGACCATGAAGCTCTTC
ACCCAGATCTTCGGGGTCGGTGTGAAGACTGCTGACCGGTGGTACCGGGAAGGACTGCGA
ACCTTAGATGACCTCCGAGAGCAGCCCCAGAAACTAACCCAACAGCAGAAAGCGGGGCTC
CAGCACCACCAGGACCTGAGCACCCCAGTCCTGCGGTCCGATGTAGATGCCCTGCAGCAG
GTGGTGGAGGAAGCTGTGGGGCAGGCCCTGCCTGGGGCCACCGTCACGCTGACCGGCGGC
TTCCGCAGGGGGAAGTTGCAGGGCCATGACGTGGACTTCCTCATCACCCACCCCAAGGAG
GGTCAGGAGGCGGGGCTGCTGCCTAGAGTGATGTGCCGCCTGCAGGACCAGGGCCTCATC
CTGTACCACCAGCACCAGCACAGCTGCTGTGAGTCCCCTACCCGCCTGGCCCAACAGAGC
CACATGGACGCTTTTGAGAGAAGTTTCTGCATTTTCCGCCTACCACAACCTCCAGGGGCT
GCTGTGGGGGGATCCACGAGGCCCTGCCCATCCTGGAAGGCCGTGAGAGTGGACTTGGTA
GTTGCACCCGTCAGCCAGTTCCCTTTCGCCCTGCTCGGTTGGACTGGCTCCAAGCTTTTC
CAGCGGGAGCTGCGCCGCTTCAGCCGGAAGGAGAAGGGCCTGTGGCTGAACAGCCATGGG
CTGTTTGACCCGGAGCAGAAGACATTTTTCCAAGCGGCTTCAGAGGAAGACATCTTCAGA
CACCTGGGCCTTGAGTACCTTCCTCCAGAGCAGAGAAACGCCTGA

Enzyme 100 GenBank Gene ID

AF176097

Enzyme 100 GeneCard ID

POLM

Enzyme 100 GenAtlas ID

POLM

Enzyme 100 HGNC ID

HGNC:9185

Enzyme 100 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 100 Locus

7p13

Enzyme 100 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 100 General References

Dominguez O, Ruiz JF, Lain de Lera T, Garcia-Diaz M, Gonzalez MA, Kirchhoff T, Martinez-A C, Bernad A, Blanco L: DNA polymerase mu (Pol mu), homologous to TdT, could act as a DNA mutator in eukaryotic cells. EMBO J. 2000 Apr 3;19(7):1731-42. [PubMed ]
Aoufouchi S, Flatter E, Dahan A, Faili A, Bertocci B, Storck S, Delbos F, Cocea L, Gupta N, Weill JC, Reynaud CA: Two novel human and mouse DNA polymerases of the polX family. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Sep 15;28(18):3684-93. [PubMed ]
Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]
Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 100 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 101 [top]

Enzyme 101 ID

6253

Enzyme 101 Name

DNA polymerase kappa

Enzyme 101 Synonyms

DINB protein
DINP

Enzyme 101 Gene Name

POLK

Enzyme 101 Protein Sequence

>DNA polymerase kappa

MDSTKEKCDSYKDDLLLRMGLNDNKAGMEGLDKEKINKIIMEATKGSRFYGNELKKEKQV
NQRIENMMQQKAQITSQQLRKAQLQVDRFAMELEQSRNLSNTIVHIDMDAFYAAVEMRDN
PELKDKPIAVGSMSMLSTSNYHARRFGVRAAMPGFIAKRLCPQLIIVPPNFDKYRAVSKE
VKEILADYDPNFMAMSLDEAYLNITKHLEERQNWPEDKRRYFIKMGSSVENDNPGKEVNK
LSEHERSISPLLFEESPSDVQPPGDPFQVNFEEQNNPQILQNSVVFGTSAQEVVKEIRFR
IEQKTTLTASAGIAPNTMLAKVCSDKNKPNGQYQILPNRQAVMDFIKDLPIRKVSGIGKV
TEKMLKALGIITCTELYQQRALLSLLFSETSWHYFLHISLGLGSTHLTRDGERKSMSVER
TFSEINKAEEQYSLCQELCSELAQDLQKERLKGRTVTIKLKNVNFEVKTRASTVSSVVST
AEEIFAIAKELLKTEIDADFPHPLRLRLMGVRISSFPNEEDRKHQQRSIIGFLQAGNQAL
SATECTLEKTDKDKFVKPLEMSHKKSFFDKKRSERKWSHQDTFKCEAVNKQSFQTSQPFQ
VLKKKMNENLEISENSDDCQILTCPVCFRAQGCISLEALNKHVDECLDGPSISENFKMFS
CSHVSATKVNKKENVPASSLCEKQDYEAHPKIKEISSVDCIALVDTIDNSSKAESIDALS
NKHSKEECSSLPSKSFNIEHCHQNSSSTVSLENEDVGSFRQEYRQPYLCEVKTGQALVCP
VCNVEQKTSDLTLFNVHVDVCLNKSFIQELRKDKFNPVNQPKESSRSTGSSSGVQKAVTR
TKRPGLMTKYSTSKKIKPNNPKHTLDIFFK

Enzyme 101 Number of Residues

870

Enzyme 101 Molecular Weight

98807.8

Enzyme 101 Theoretical pI

8.22

Enzyme 101 GO Classification

Function
DNA binding DNA polymerase activity DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity binding catalytic activity damaged DNA binding nucleic acid binding nucleotidyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
DNA metabolic process DNA repair cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 101 General Function

Involved in damaged DNA binding

Enzyme 101 Specific Function

DNA polymerase specifically involved in DNA repair. Plays an important role in translesion synthesis, where the normal high-fidelity DNA polymerases cannot proceed and DNA synthesis stalls. Depending on the context, it inserts the correct base, but causes frequent base transitions, transversions and frameshifts. Lacks 3'-5' proofreading exonuclease activity. Forms a Schiff base with 5'-deoxyribose phosphate at abasic sites, but does not have lyase activity

Enzyme 101 Pathways

DNA polymerase (map03030 )
Purine Metabolism (map00230 )
Pyrimidine Metabolism (map00240 )

Enzyme 101 Reactions

deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn = diphosphate + DNAn+1 [RN:R00379]

Enzyme 101 Pfam Domain Function

IMS (PF00817 )

Enzyme 101 Signals

None

Enzyme 101 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 101 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 101 GenBank ID Protein

Not Available

Enzyme 101 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q9UBT6

Enzyme 101 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

POLK_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 101 PDB ID

1T94

Enzyme 101 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 101 3D Structure

Enzyme 101 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 101 Gene Sequence

>2613 bp

ATGGATAGCACAAAGGAGAAGTGTGACAGTTACAAAGATGATCTTCTGCTTAGGATGGGA
CTTAATGATAATAAAGCAGGAATGGAAGGATTAGATAAAGAGAAAATTAACAAAATTATA
ATGGAAGCCACGAAGGGGTCCAGATTTTATGGAAATGAGCTCAAGAAAGAAAAGCAAGTC
AACCAACGAATTGAAAATATGATGCAACAAAAAGCTCAAATCACCAGCCAACAGCTAAGA
AAAGCACAATTACAGGTTGACAGATTTGCAATGGAATTAGAACAAAGCCGAAATTTGAGC
AATACCATAGTGCACATTGACATGGATGCTTTCTATGCAGCTGTAGAAATGAGGGACAAT
CCAGAATTGAAGGATAAACCCATTGCTGTAGGATCAATGAGTATGCTGTCTACTTCAAAT
TACCATGCAAGGAGATTTGGTGTTCGTGCAGCCATGCCAGGATTTATTGCTAAGAGGCTG
TGCCCACAACTTATAATAGTGCCCCCCAACTTTGACAAATACCGAGCTGTGAGTAAAGAG
GTTAAGGAAATACTTGCTGATTATGATCCCAATTTTATGGCCATGAGTCTTGATGAAGCC
TACTTGAATATAACAAAGCACTTAGAAGAAAGACAAAATTGGCCTGAGGATAAAAGAAGG
TATTTCATCAAAATGGGAAGCTCTGTAGAAAATGATAATCCAGGAAAGGAAGTTAATAAA
CTGAGTGAGCATGAACGATCCATCTCTCCACTACTTTTTGAAGAGAGTCCTTCTGATGTG
CAGCCCCCAGGAGATCCTTTCCAAGTGAACTTTGAAGAACAAAACAATCCTCAAATACTC
CAAAACTCAGTTGTTTTTGGAACATCAGCCCAGGAAGTGGTAAAGGAAATTCGTTTCAGA
ATTGAGCAGAAAACAACACTGACAGCTAGTGCAGGCATTGCCCCAAATACAATGTTAGCA
AAAGTATGCAGTGATAAGAATAAACCAAATGGACAATACCAAATTCTTCCCAATAGACAA
GCTGTGATGGACTTCATCAAGGATTTACCCATTAGAAAGGTTTCTGGAATAGGAAAAGTT
ACAGAGAAAATGTTAAAGGCCCTTGGAATTATTACATGTACAGAACTTTACCAACAGAGG
GCATTGCTTTCTCTCCTTTTCTCTGAAACATCTTGGCATTATTTCCTTCATATCTCCTTG
GGTCTAGGTTCAACACACCTGACGAGGGATGGAGAGAGGAAAAGTATGAGCGTTGAGAGG
ACATTCAGTGAGATAAATAAAGCGGAAGAGCAATACAGCCTATGTCAAGAACTTTGCAGT
GAGCTTGCTCAGGATCTACAGAAAGAAAGACTTAAGGGTAGAACTGTTACCATTAAGTTG
AAGAATGTGAATTTTGAAGTAAAAACTCGTGCATCTACAGTTTCATCTGTTGTTTCTACT
GCAGAAGAAATATTTGCCATTGCTAAGGAATTGCTAAAAACAGAAATTGATGCTGATTTT
CCACATCCCTTGAGATTAAGGCTTATGGGTGTTCGGATATCTAGTTTTCCCAATGAAGAG
GACAGGAAACACCAACAAAGGAGCATTATTGGCTTTTTACAGGCTGGAAACCAAGCCCTG
TCAGCCACTGAGTGTACATTAGAGAAAACTGACAAAGATAAGTTTGTAAAACCTCTAGAA
ATGTCTCATAAGAAGAGTTTCTTTGATAAAAAACGATCAGAAAGGAAATGGAGTCACCAA
GATACATTTAAATGTGAAGCCGTGAATAAACAAAGTTTCCAGACATCACAACCATTCCAA
GTTTTAAAGAAGAAGATGAATGAGAATTTGGAAATATCAGAGAATTCAGATGACTGTCAG
ATACTTACCTGTCCTGTTTGCTTTAGGGCTCAAGGGTGCATCAGTCTGGAAGCCTTGAAT
AAACATGTAGATGAATGTCTTGATGGACCTTCAATCAGTGAAAACTTTAAAATGTTCTCG
TGTTCACATGTTTCTGCTACCAAAGTTAACAAGAAAGAAAATGTTCCTGCTTCTTCACTT
TGTGAGAAGCAAGATTATGAAGCCCATCCAAAAATTAAAGAAATATCTTCAGTAGATTGT
ATAGCTTTAGTAGATACTATAGATAACTCATCTAAAGCAGAAAGCATAGATGCTTTAAGT
AATAAGCATAGCAAGGAAGAATGTTCTAGTCTCCCAAGCAAGTCTTTTAATATTGAACAC
TGTCATCAGAATTCTTCTTCTACTGTTTCATTGGAAAACGAAGATGTTGGATCATTTAGA
CAAGAATACCGCCAGCCTTACTTATGTGAAGTGAAAACAGGCCAAGCTCTAGTTTGTCCT
GTTTGTAACGTAGAACAAAAGACTTCAGATCTAACCCTGTTCAATGTGCATGTGGATGTT
TGCTTAAATAAAAGTTTTATCCAAGAATTAAGAAAGGATAAATTTAACCCAGTTAATCAA
CCCAAAGAAAGCTCCAGAAGTACTGGTAGCTCAAGTGGAGTACAGAAGGCTGTAACAAGA
ACAAAAAGGCCAGGATTGATGACAAAGTACTCAACATCAAAGAAAATAAAACCAAACAAT
CCCAAACATACCCTTGATATATTTTTTAAGTAA

Enzyme 101 GenBank Gene ID

AB027564

Enzyme 101 GeneCard ID

POLK

Enzyme 101 GenAtlas ID

POLK

Enzyme 101 HGNC ID

HGNC:9183

Enzyme 101 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 101 Locus

5q13

Enzyme 101 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 101 General References

Ogi T, Kato T Jr, Kato T, Ohmori H: Mutation enhancement by DINB1, a mammalian homologue of the Escherichia coli mutagenesis protein dinB. Genes Cells. 1999 Nov;4(11):607-18. [PubMed ]
Gerlach VL, Aravind L, Gotway G, Schultz RA, Koonin EV, Friedberg EC: Human and mouse homologs of Escherichia coli DinB (DNA polymerase IV), members of the UmuC/DinB superfamily. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Oct 12;96(21):11922-7. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Gerlach VL, Feaver WJ, Fischhaber PL, Friedberg EC: Purification and characterization of pol kappa, a DNA polymerase encoded by the human DINB1 gene. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jan 5;276(1):92-8. [PubMed ]
Fischhaber PL, Gerlach VL, Feaver WJ, Hatahet Z, Wallace SS, Friedberg EC: Human DNA polymerase kappa bypasses and extends beyond thymine glycols during translesion synthesis in vitro, preferentially incorporating correct nucleotides. J Biol Chem. 2002 Oct 4;277(40):37604-11. Epub 2002 Jul 26. [PubMed ]
Bergoglio V, Bavoux C, Verbiest V, Hoffmann JS, Cazaux C: Localisation of human DNA polymerase kappa to replication foci. J Cell Sci. 2002 Dec 1;115(Pt 23):4413-8. [PubMed ]
Haracska L, Unk I, Johnson RE, Phillips BB, Hurwitz J, Prakash L, Prakash S: Stimulation of DNA synthesis activity of human DNA polymerase kappa by PCNA. Mol Cell Biol. 2002 Feb;22(3):784-91. [PubMed ]
Haracska L, Prakash L, Prakash S: Role of human DNA polymerase kappa as an extender in translesion synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Dec 10;99(25):16000-5. Epub 2002 Nov 20. [PubMed ]
Wolfle WT, Washington MT, Prakash L, Prakash S: Human DNA polymerase kappa uses template-primer misalignment as a novel means for extending mispaired termini and for generating single-base deletions. Genes Dev. 2003 Sep 1;17(17):2191-9. [PubMed ]
Haracska L, Prakash L, Prakash S: A mechanism for the exclusion of low-fidelity human Y-family DNA polymerases from base excision repair. Genes Dev. 2003 Nov 15;17(22):2777-85. [PubMed ]
Yasui M, Suzuki N, Miller H, Matsuda T, Matsui S, Shibutani S: Translesion synthesis past 2'-deoxyxanthosine, a nitric oxide-derived DNA adduct, by mammalian DNA polymerases. J Mol Biol. 2004 Nov 26;344(3):665-74. [PubMed ]
Imami K, Sugiyama N, Kyono Y, Tomita M, Ishihama Y: Automated phosphoproteome analysis for cultured cancer cells by two-dimensional nanoLC-MS using a calcined titania/C18 biphasic column. Anal Sci. 2008 Jan;24(1):161-6. [PubMed ]
Uljon SN, Johnson RE, Edwards TA, Prakash S, Prakash L, Aggarwal AK: Crystal structure of the catalytic core of human DNA polymerase kappa. Structure. 2004 Aug;12(8):1395-404. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 101 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 102 [top]

Enzyme 102 ID

6254

Enzyme 102 Name

DNA polymerase epsilon subunit 3

Enzyme 102 Synonyms

Arsenic-transactivated protein
AsTP
Chromatin accessibility complex 17 kDa protein
CHRAC-17
HuCHRAC17
DNA polymerase II subunit 3
DNA polymerase epsilon subunit p17

Enzyme 102 Gene Name

POLE3

Enzyme 102 Protein Sequence

>DNA polymerase epsilon subunit 3

MAERPEDLNLPNAVITRIIKEALPDGVNISKEARSAISRAASVFVLYATSCANNFAMKGK
RKTLNASDVLSAMEEMEFQRFVTPLKEALEAYRREQKGKKEASEQKKKDKDKKTDSEEQD
KSRDEDNDEDEERLEEEEQNEEEEVDN

Enzyme 102 Number of Residues

147

Enzyme 102 Molecular Weight

16859.4

Enzyme 102 Theoretical pI

4.38

Enzyme 102 GO Classification

Function
DNA binding binding nucleic acid binding sequence-specific DNA binding
Process
—
Component
cell part intracellular

Enzyme 102 General Function

Involved in sequence-specific DNA binding

Enzyme 102 Specific Function

Forms a complex with DNA polymerase epsilon subunit CHRAC1 and binds naked DNA, which is then incorporated into chromatin, aided by the nucleosome-remodeling activity of ISWI/SNF2H and ACF1

Enzyme 102 Pathways

DNA polymerase (map03030 )
Purine Metabolism (map00230 )
Pyrimidine Metabolism (map00240 )

Enzyme 102 Reactions

deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn = diphosphate + DNAn+1 [RN:R00379]

Enzyme 102 Pfam Domain Function

CBFD_NFYB_HMF (PF00808 )

Enzyme 102 Signals

None

Enzyme 102 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 102 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 102 GenBank ID Protein

8100806

Enzyme 102 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q9NRF9

Enzyme 102 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

DPOE3_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 102 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 102 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 102 Gene Sequence

>444 bp

ATGGCGGAGAGGCCCGAGGACCTAAACCTGCCCAATGCCGTGATCACCAGGATCATCAAG
GAGGCGCTCCCGGACGGTGTCAACATCTCCAAGGAGGCCCGGAGCGCCATCTCCCGCGCC
GCCAGCGTCTTCGTGCTGTACGCCACATCCTGTGCTAACAACTTTGCAATGAAAGGAAAG
CGGAAGACGCTGAATGCCAGTGATGTGCTCTCAGCCATGGAAGAGATGGAGTTCCAGCGG
TTCGTTACCCCATTGAAAGAAGCTCTGGAAGCATATAGGCGGGAGCAGAAAGGCAAGAAG
GAGGCCTCAGAGCAAAAGAAGAAGGACAAAGACAAAAAAACAGACTCGGAAGAGCAAGAC
AAGAGCAGGGATGAGGACAATGATGAAGACGAAGAAAGGCTGGAAGAAGAAGAACAGAAT
GAAGAGGAAGAAGTAGACAACTGA

Enzyme 102 GenBank Gene ID

AF226077

Enzyme 102 GeneCard ID

POLE3

Enzyme 102 GenAtlas ID

POLE3

Enzyme 102 HGNC ID

HGNC:13546 Link Image

Enzyme 102 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 102 Locus

9q33

Enzyme 102 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 102 General References

Poot RA, Dellaire G, Hulsmann BB, Grimaldi MA, Corona DF, Becker PB, Bickmore WA, Varga-Weisz PD: HuCHRAC, a human ISWI chromatin remodelling complex contains hACF1 and two novel histone-fold proteins. EMBO J. 2000 Jul 3;19(13):3377-87. [PubMed ]
Li Y, Pursell ZF, Linn S: Identification and cloning of two histone fold motif-containing subunits of HeLa DNA polymerase epsilon. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jul 28;275(30):23247-52. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Humphray SJ, Oliver K, Hunt AR, Plumb RW, Loveland JE, Howe KL, Andrews TD, Searle S, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Jones MC, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Babbage S, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford D, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Chen Y, Clarke G, Clark SY, Clee CM, Clegg S, Collier RE, Corby N, Crosier M, Cummings AT, Davies J, Dhami P, Dunn M, Dutta I, Dyer LW, Earthrowl ME, Faulkner L, Fleming CJ, Frankish A, Frankland JA, French L, Fricker DG, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori J, Gilbert JG, Glison C, Grafham DV, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Guy J, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Harrison ES, Hart EA, Heath PD, Henderson CD, Hopkins BL, Howard PJ, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan S, Kershaw JK, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, McLaren S, McLay KE, McMurray A, Milne S, Nickerson T, Nisbett J, Nordsiek G, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Porter KM, Pandian R, Pelan S, Phillimore B, Povey S, Ramsey Y, Rand V, Scharfe M, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Sims SK, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward CA, Swarbreck D, Sycamore N, Tester J, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Thomas DW, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, Whitehead SL, Willey DL, Williams SA, Wilming L, Wray PW, Young L, Ashurst JL, Coulson A, Blocker H, Durbin R, Sulston JE, Hubbard T, Jackson MJ, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J, Dunham I: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9. Nature. 2004 May 27;429(6990):369-74. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed ]
Daub H, Olsen JV, Bairlein M, Gnad F, Oppermann FS, Korner R, Greff Z, Keri G, Stemmann O, Mann M: Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle. Mol Cell. 2008 Aug 8;31(3):438-48. [PubMed ]
Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]
Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 102 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 103 [top]

Enzyme 103 ID

6256

Enzyme 103 Name

DNA polymerase subunit gamma-1

Enzyme 103 Synonyms

Mitochondrial DNA polymerase catalytic subunit
PolG-alpha

Enzyme 103 Gene Name

POLG

Enzyme 103 Protein Sequence

>DNA polymerase subunit gamma-1

MSRLLWRKVAGATVGPGPVPAPGRWVSSSVPASDPSDGQRRRQQQQQQQQQQQQQPQQPQ
VLSSEGGQLRHNPLDIQMLSRGLHEQIFGQGGEMPGEAAVRRSVEHLQKHGLWGQPAVPL
PDVELRLPPLYGDNLDQHFRLLAQKQSLPYLEAANLLLQAQLPPKPPAWAWAEGWTRYGP
EGEAVPVAIPEERALVFDVEVCLAEGTCPTLAVAISPSAWYSWCSQRLVEERYSWTSQLS
PADLIPLEVPTGASSPTQRDWQEQLVVGHNVSFDRAHIREQYLIQGSRMRFLDTMSMHMA
ISGLSSFQRSLWIAAKQGKHKVQPPTKQGQKSQRKARRGPAISSWDWLDISSVNSLAEVH
RLYVGGPPLEKEPRELFVKGTMKDIRENFQDLMQYCAQDVWATHEVFQQQLPLFLERCPH
PVTLAGMLEMGVSYLPVNQNWERYLAEAQGTYEELQREMKKSLMDLANDACQLLSGERYK
EDPWLWDLEWDLQEFKQKKAKKVKKEPATASKLPIEGAGAPGDPMDQEDLGPCSEEEEFQ
QDVMARACLQKLKGTTELLPKRPQHLPGHPGWYRKLCPRLDDPAWTPGPSLLSLQMRVTP
KLMALTWDGFPLHYSERHGWGYLVPGRRDNLAKLPTGTTLESAGVVCPYRAIESLYRKHC
LEQGKQQLMPQEAGLAEEFLLTDNSAIWQTVEELDYLEVEAEAKMENLRAAVPGQPLALT
ARGGPKDTQPSYHHGNGPYNDVDIPGCWFFKLPHKDGNSCNVGSPFAKDFLPKMEDGTLQ
AGPGGASGPRALEINKMISFWRNAHKRISSQMVVWLPRSALPRAVIRHPDYDEEGLYGAI
LPQVVTAGTITRRAVEPTWLTASNARPDRVGSELKAMVQAPPGYTLVGADVDSQELWIAA
VLGDAHFAGMHGCTAFGWMTLQGRKSRGTDLHSKTATTVGISREHAKIFNYGRIYGAGQP
FAERLLMQFNHRLTQQEAAEKAQQMYAATKGLRWYRLSDEGEWLVRELNLPVDRTEGGWI
SLQDLRKVQRETARKSQWKKWEVVAERAWKGGTESEMFNKLESIATSDIPRTPVLGCCIS
RALEPSAVQEEFMTSRVNWVVQSSAVDYLHLMLVAMKWLFEEFAIDGRFCISIHDEVRYL
VREEDRYRAALALQITNLLTRCMFAYKLGLNDLPQSVAFFSAVDIDRCLRKEVTMDCKTP
SNPTGMERRYGIPQGEALDIYQIIELTKGSLEKRSQPGP

Enzyme 103 Number of Residues

1239

Enzyme 103 Molecular Weight

139561.1

Enzyme 103 Theoretical pI

6.89

Enzyme 103 GO Classification

Function
DNA binding DNA polymerase activity DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity binding catalytic activity nucleic acid binding nucleotidyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
DNA metabolic process DNA replication DNA-dependent DNA replication cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process
Component
DNA polymerase complex gamma DNA polymerase complex macromolecular complex protein complex

Enzyme 103 General Function

Involved in DNA binding

Enzyme 103 Specific Function

Involved in the replication of mitochondrial DNA

Enzyme 103 Pathways

DNA polymerase (map03030 )
Purine Metabolism (map00230 )
Pyrimidine Metabolism (map00240 )

Enzyme 103 Reactions

deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn = diphosphate + DNAn+1 [RN:R00379]

Enzyme 103 Pfam Domain Function

DNA_pol_A (PF00476 )

Enzyme 103 Signals

None

Enzyme 103 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 103 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 103 GenBank ID Protein

Not Available

Enzyme 103 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P54098

Enzyme 103 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

DPOG1_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 103 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 103 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 103 Gene Sequence

>3720 bp

ATGAGCCGCCTGCTCTGGAGGAAGGTGGCCGGCGCCACCGTCGGGCCAGGGCCGGTTCCA
GCTCCGGGGCGCTGGGTCTCCAGCTCCGTCCCCGCGTCCGACCCCAGCGACGGGCAGCGG
CGGCGGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAACAGCAGCCTCAGCAGCCGCAA
GTGCTATCCTCGGAGGGCGGGCAGCTGCGGCACAACCCATTGGACATCCAGATGCTCTCG
AGAGGGCTGCACGAGCAAATCTTCGGGCAAGGAGGGGAGATGCCTGGCGAGGCCGCGGTG
CGCCGCAGCGTCGAGCACCTGCAGAAGCACGGGCTCTGGGGGCAGCCAGCCGTGCCCTTG
CCCGACGTGGAGCTGCGCCTGCCGCCCCTCTACGGGGACAACCTGGACCAGCACTTCCGC
CTCCTGGCCCAGAAGCAGAGCCTGCCCTACCTGGAGGCGGCCAACTTGCTGTTGCAGGCC
CAGCTGCCCCCGAAGCCCCCGGCTTGGGCCTGGGCGGAGGGCTGGACCCGGTACGGCCCC
GAGGGGGAGGCCGTACCCGTGGCCATCCCCGAGGAGCGGGCCCTGGTGTTCGACGTGGAG
GTCTGCTTGGCAGAGGGAACTTGCCCCACATTGGCGGTGGCCATATCCCCCTCGGCCTGG
TATTCCTGGTGCAGCCAGCGGCTGGTGGAAGAGCGTTACTCTTGGACCAGCCAGCTGTCG
CCGGCTGACCTCATCCCCCTGGAGGTCCCTACTGGTGCCAGCAGCCCCACCCAGAGAGAC
TGGCAGGAGCAGTTAGTGGTGGGGCACAATGTTTCCTTTGACCGAGCTCATATCAGGGAG
CAGTACCTGATCCAGGGTTCCCGCATGCGTTTCCTGGACACCATGAGCATGCACATGGCC
ATCTCAGGGCTAAGCAGCTTCCAGCGCAGTCTGTGGATAGCAGCCAAGCAGGGCAAACAC
AAGGTCCAGCCCCCCACAAAGCAAGGCCAGAAGTCCCAGAGGAAAGCCAGAAGAGGCCCA
GCGATCTCATCCTGGGACTGGCTGGACATCAGCAGTGTCAACAGTCTGGCAGAGGTGCAC
AGACTTTATGTAGGGGGGCCTCCCTTAGAGAAGGAGCCTCGAGAACTGTTTGTGAAGGGC
ACCATGAAGGACATTCGTGAGAACTTCCAGGACCTGATGCAGTACTGTGCCCAGGACGTG
TGGGCCACCCATGAGGTTTTCCAGCAGCAGCTACCGCTCTTCTTGGAGAGGTGTCCCCAC
CCAGTGACTCTGGCCGGCATGCTGGAGATGGGTGTCTCCTACCTGCCTGTCAACCAGAAC
TGGGAGCGTTACCTGGCAGAGGCACAGGGCACTTATGAGGAGCTCCAGCGGGAGATGAAG
AAGTCGTTGATGGATCTGGCCAATGATGCCTGCCAGCTGCTCTCAGGAGAGAGGTACAAA
GAAGACCCCTGGCTCTGGGACCTGGAGTGGGACCTGCAAGAATTTAAGCAGAAGAAAGCT
AAGAAGGTGAAGAAGGAACCAGCCACAGCCAGCAAGTTGCCCATCGAGGGGGCTGGGGCC
CCTGGTGATCCCATGGATCAGGAAGACCTCGGCCCCTGCAGTGAGGAGGAGGAGTTTCAA
CAAGATGTCATGGCCCGCGCCTGCTTGCAGAAGCTGAAGGGGACCACAGAGCTCCTGCCC
AAGCGGCCCCAGCACCTTCCTGGACACCCTGGATGGTACCGGAAGCTCTGCCCCCGGCTA
GACGACCCTGCATGGACCCCGGGCCCCAGCCTCCTCAGCCTGCAGATGCGGGTCACACCT
AAACTCATGGCACTTACCTGGGATGGCTTCCCTCTGCACTACTCAGAGCGTCATGGCTGG
GGCTACTTGGTGCCTGGGCGGCGGGACAACCTGGCCAAGCTGCCGACAGGTACCACCCTG
GAGTCAGCTGGGGTGGTCTGCCCCTACAGAGCCATCGAGTCCCTGTACAGGAAGCACTGT
CTCGAACAGGGGAAGCAGCAGCTGATGCCCCAGGAGGCCGGCCTGGCGGAGGAGTTCCTG
CTCACTGACAATAGTGCCATATGGCAAACGGTAGAAGAACTGGATTACTTAGAAGTGGAG
GCTGAGGCCAAGATGGAGAACTTGCGAGCTGCAGTGCCAGGTCAACCCCTAGCTCTGACT
GCCCGTGGTGGCCCCAAGGACACCCAGCCCAGCTATCACCATGGCAATGGACCTTACAAC
GACGTGGACATCCCTGGCTGCTGGTTTTTCAAGCTGCCTCACAAGGATGGTAATAGCTGT
AATGTGGGAAGCCCCTTTGCCAAGGACTTCCTGCCCAAGATGGAGGATGGCACCCTGCAG
GCTGGCCCAGGAGGTGCCAGTGGGCCCCGTGCTCTGGAAATCAACAAAATGATTTCTTTC
TGGAGGAACGCCCATAAACGTATCAGCTCCCAGATGGTGGTGTGGCTGCCCAGGTCAGCT
CTGCCCCGTGCTGTGATCAGGCACCCCGACTATGATGAGGAAGGCCTCTATGGGGCCATC
CTGCCCCAAGTGGTGACTGCCGGCACCATCACTCGCCGGGCTGTGGAGCCCACATGGCTC
ACCGCCAGCAATGCCCGGCCTGACCGAGTAGGCAGTGAGTTGAAAGCCATGGTGCAGGCC
CCACCTGGCTACACCCTTGTGGGTGCTGATGTGGACTCCCAAGAGCTGTGGATTGCAGCT
GTGCTTGGAGACGCCCACTTTGCCGGCATGCATGGCTGCACAGCCTTTGGGTGGATGACA
CTGCAGGGCAGGAAGAGCAGGGGCACTGATCTACACAGTAAGACAGCCACTACTGTGGGC
ATCAGCCGTGAGCATGCCAAAATCTTCAACTACGGCCGCATCTATGGTGCTGGGCAGCCC
TTTGCTGAGCGCTTACTAATGCAGTTTAACCACCGGCTCACACAGCAGGAGGCAGCTGAG
AAGGCCCAGCAGATGTACGCTGCCACCAAGGGCCTCCGCTGGTATCGGCTGTCGGATGAG
GGCGAGTGGCTGGTGAGGGAGTTGAACCTCCCAGTGGACAGGACTGAGGGTGGCTGGATT
TCCCTGCAGGATCTGCGCAAGGTCCAGAGAGAAACTGCAAGGAAGTCACAGTGGAAGAAG
TGGGAGGTGGTTGCTGAACGGGCATGGAAGGGGGGCACAGAGTCAGAAATGTTCAATAAG
CTTGAGAGCATTGCTACGTCTGACATACCACGTACCCCGGTGCTGGGCTGCTGCATCAGC
CGAGCCCTGGAGCCCTCGGCTGTCCAGGAAGAGTTTATGACCAGCCGTGTGAATTGGGTG
GTACAGAGCTCTGCTGTTGACTACTTACACCTCATGCTTGTGGCCATGAAGTGGCTGTTT
GAAGAGTTTGCCATAGATGGGCGCTTCTGCATCAGCATCCATGACGAGGTTCGCTACCTG
GTGCGGGAGGAGGACCGCTACCGCGCTGCCCTGGCCTTGCAGATCACCAACCTCTTGACC
AGGTGCATGTTTGCCTACAAGCTGGGTCTGAATGACTTGCCCCAGTCAGTCGCCTTTTTC
AGTGCAGTCGATATTGACCGGTGCCTCAGGAAGGAAGTGACCATGGATTGTAAAACCCCT
TCCAACCCAACTGGGATGGAAAGGAGATACGGGATTCCCCAGGGTGAAGCGCTGGATATT
TACCAGATAATTGAACTCACCAAAGGCTCCTTGGAAAAACGAAGCCAGCCTGGACCATAG

Enzyme 103 GenBank Gene ID

U60325

Enzyme 103 GeneCard ID

POLG

Enzyme 103 GenAtlas ID

POLG

Enzyme 103 HGNC ID

HGNC:9179

Enzyme 103 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 103 Locus

15q25

Enzyme 103 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 103 General References

Ropp PA, Copeland WC: Cloning and characterization of the human mitochondrial DNA polymerase, DNA polymerase gamma. Genomics. 1996 Sep 15;36(3):449-58. [PubMed ]
Lecrenier N, Van Der Bruggen P, Foury F: Mitochondrial DNA polymerases from yeast to man: a new family of polymerases. Gene. 1997 Jan 31;185(1):147-52. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Van Goethem G, Dermaut B, Lofgren A, Martin JJ, Van Broeckhoven C: Mutation of POLG is associated with progressive external ophthalmoplegia characterized by mtDNA deletions. Nat Genet. 2001 Jul;28(3):211-2. [PubMed ]
Lamantea E, Tiranti V, Bordoni A, Toscano A, Bono F, Servidei S, Papadimitriou A, Spelbrink H, Silvestri L, Casari G, Comi GP, Zeviani M: Mutations of mitochondrial DNA polymerase gammaA are a frequent cause of autosomal dominant or recessive progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Ann Neurol. 2002 Aug;52(2):211-9. [PubMed ]
Ponamarev MV, Longley MJ, Nguyen D, Kunkel TA, Copeland WC: Active site mutation in DNA polymerase gamma associated with progressive external ophthalmoplegia causes error-prone DNA synthesis. J Biol Chem. 2002 May 3;277(18):15225-8. Epub 2002 Mar 15. [PubMed ]
Filosto M, Mancuso M, Nishigaki Y, Pancrudo J, Harati Y, Gooch C, Mankodi A, Bayne L, Bonilla E, Shanske S, Hirano M, DiMauro S: Clinical and genetic heterogeneity in progressive external ophthalmoplegia due to mutations in polymerase gamma. Arch Neurol. 2003 Sep;60(9):1279-84. [PubMed ]
Van Goethem G, Schwartz M, Lofgren A, Dermaut B, Van Broeckhoven C, Vissing J: Novel POLG mutations in progressive external ophthalmoplegia mimicking mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy. Eur J Hum Genet. 2003 Jul;11(7):547-9. [PubMed ]
Van Goethem G, Lofgren A, Dermaut B, Ceuterick C, Martin JJ, Van Broeckhoven C: Digenic progressive external ophthalmoplegia in a sporadic patient: recessive mutations in POLG and C10orf2/Twinkle. Hum Mutat. 2003 Aug;22(2):175-6. [PubMed ]
Di Fonzo A, Bordoni A, Crimi M, Sara G, Del Bo R, Bresolin N, Comi GP: POLG mutations in sporadic mitochondrial disorders with multiple mtDNA deletions. Hum Mutat. 2003 Dec;22(6):498-9. [PubMed ]
Agostino A, Valletta L, Chinnery PF, Ferrari G, Carrara F, Taylor RW, Schaefer AM, Turnbull DM, Tiranti V, Zeviani M: Mutations of ANT1, Twinkle, and POLG1 in sporadic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO). Neurology. 2003 Apr 22;60(8):1354-6. [PubMed ]
Van Goethem G, Mercelis R, Lofgren A, Seneca S, Ceuterick C, Martin JJ, Van Broeckhoven C: Patient homozygous for a recessive POLG mutation presents with features of MERRF. Neurology. 2003 Dec 23;61(12):1811-3. [PubMed ]
Van Goethem G, Martin JJ, Dermaut B, Lofgren A, Wibail A, Ververken D, Tack P, Dehaene I, Van Zandijcke M, Moonen M, Ceuterick C, De Jonghe P, Van Broeckhoven C: Recessive POLG mutations presenting with sensory and ataxic neuropathy in compound heterozygote patients with progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Neuromuscul Disord. 2003 Feb;13(2):133-42. [PubMed ]
Naviaux RK, Nguyen KV: POLG mutations associated with Alpers' syndrome and mitochondrial DNA depletion. Ann Neurol. 2004 May;55(5):706-12. [PubMed ]
Lamantea E, Zeviani M: Sequence analysis of familial PEO shows additional mutations associated with the 752C-->T and 3527C-->T changes in the POLG1 gene. Ann Neurol. 2004 Sep;56(3):454-5. [PubMed ]
Mancuso M, Filosto M, Oh SJ, DiMauro S: A novel polymerase gamma mutation in a family with ophthalmoplegia, neuropathy, and Parkinsonism. Arch Neurol. 2004 Nov;61(11):1777-9. [PubMed ]
Luoma P, Melberg A, Rinne JO, Kaukonen JA, Nupponen NN, Chalmers RM, Oldfors A, Rautakorpi I, Peltonen L, Majamaa K, Somer H, Suomalainen A: Parkinsonism, premature menopause, and mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma mutations: clinical and molecular genetic study. Lancet. 2004 Sep 4-10;364(9437):875-82. [PubMed ]
Mancuso M, Filosto M, Bellan M, Liguori R, Montagna P, Baruzzi A, DiMauro S, Carelli V: POLG mutations causing ophthalmoplegia, sensorimotor polyneuropathy, ataxia, and deafness. Neurology. 2004 Jan 27;62(2):316-8. [PubMed ]
Van Goethem G, Luoma P, Rantamaki M, Al Memar A, Kaakkola S, Hackman P, Krahe R, Lofgren A, Martin JJ, De Jonghe P, Suomalainen A, Udd B, Van Broeckhoven C: POLG mutations in neurodegenerative disorders with ataxia but no muscle involvement. Neurology. 2004 Oct 12;63(7):1251-7. [PubMed ]
Hakonen AH, Heiskanen S, Juvonen V, Lappalainen I, Luoma PT, Rantamaki M, Goethem GV, Lofgren A, Hackman P, Paetau A, Kaakkola S, Majamaa K, Varilo T, Udd B, Kaariainen H, Bindoff LA, Suomalainen A: Mitochondrial DNA polymerase W748S mutation: a common cause of autosomal recessive ataxia with ancient European origin. Am J Hum Genet. 2005 Sep;77(3):430-41. Epub 2005 Jul 27. [PubMed ]
Davidzon G, Mancuso M, Ferraris S, Quinzii C, Hirano M, Peters HL, Kirby D, Thorburn DR, DiMauro S: POLG mutations and Alpers syndrome. Ann Neurol. 2005 Jun;57(6):921-3. [PubMed ]
Ferrari G, Lamantea E, Donati A, Filosto M, Briem E, Carrara F, Parini R, Simonati A, Santer R, Zeviani M: Infantile hepatocerebral syndromes associated with mutations in the mitochondrial DNA polymerase-gammaA. Brain. 2005 Apr;128(Pt 4):723-31. Epub 2005 Feb 2. [PubMed ]
Luoma PT, Luo N, Loscher WN, Farr CL, Horvath R, Wanschitz J, Kiechl S, Kaguni LS, Suomalainen A: Functional defects due to spacer-region mutations of human mitochondrial DNA polymerase in a family with an ataxia-myopathy syndrome. Hum Mol Genet. 2005 Jul 15;14(14):1907-20. Epub 2005 May 25. [PubMed ]
Winterthun S, Ferrari G, He L, Taylor RW, Zeviani M, Turnbull DM, Engelsen BA, Moen G, Bindoff LA: Autosomal recessive mitochondrial ataxic syndrome due to mitochondrial polymerase gamma mutations. Neurology. 2005 Apr 12;64(7):1204-8. [PubMed ]
Davidzon G, Greene P, Mancuso M, Klos KJ, Ahlskog JE, Hirano M, DiMauro S: Early-onset familial parkinsonism due to POLG mutations. Ann Neurol. 2006 May;59(5):859-62. [PubMed ]
Gonzalez-Vioque E, Blazquez A, Fernandez-Moreira D, Bornstein B, Bautista J, Arpa J, Navarro C, Campos Y, Fernandez-Moreno MA, Garesse R, Arenas J, Martin MA: Association of novel POLG mutations and multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions with variable clinical phenotypes in a Spanish population. Arch Neurol. 2006 Jan;63(1):107-11. [PubMed ]
Horvath R, Hudson G, Ferrari G, Futterer N, Ahola S, Lamantea E, Prokisch H, Lochmuller H, McFarland R, Ramesh V, Klopstock T, Freisinger P, Salvi F, Mayr JA, Santer R, Tesarova M, Zeman J, Udd B, Taylor RW, Turnbull D, Hanna M, Fialho D, Suomalainen A, Zeviani M, Chinnery PF: Phenotypic spectrum associated with mutations of the mitochondrial polymerase gamma gene. Brain. 2006 Jul;129(Pt 7):1674-84. Epub 2006 Apr 18. [PubMed ]
Naimi M, Bannwarth S, Procaccio V, Pouget J, Desnuelle C, Pellissier JF, Rotig A, Munnich A, Calvas P, Richelme C, Jonveaux P, Castelnovo G, Simon M, Clanet M, Wallace D, Paquis-Flucklinger V: Molecular analysis of ANT1, TWINKLE and POLG in patients with multiple deletions or depletion of mitochondrial DNA by a dHPLC-based assay. Eur J Hum Genet. 2006 Aug;14(8):917-22. Epub 2006 Apr 26. [PubMed ]
Gago MF, Rosas MJ, Guimaraes J, Ferreira M, Vilarinho L, Castro L, Carpenter S: SANDO: two novel mutations in POLG1 gene. Neuromuscul Disord. 2006 Aug;16(8):507-9. Epub 2006 Aug 21. [PubMed ]
Hudson G, Schaefer AM, Taylor RW, Tiangyou W, Gibson A, Venables G, Griffiths P, Burn DJ, Turnbull DM, Chinnery PF: Mutation of the linker region of the polymerase gamma-1 (POLG1) gene associated with progressive external ophthalmoplegia and Parkinsonism. Arch Neurol. 2007 Apr;64(4):553-7. [PubMed ]
Taanman JW, Rahman S, Pagnamenta AT, Morris AA, Bitner-Glindzicz M, Wolf NI, Leonard JV, Clayton PT, Schapira AH: Analysis of mutant DNA polymerase gamma in patients with mitochondrial DNA depletion. Hum Mutat. 2009 Feb;30(2):248-54. [PubMed ]
Giordano C, Powell H, Leopizzi M, De Curtis M, Travaglini C, Sebastiani M, Gallo P, Taylor RW, d'Amati G: Fatal congenital myopathy and gastrointestinal pseudo-obstruction due to POLG1 mutations. Neurology. 2009 Mar 24;72(12):1103-5. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 103 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 104 [top]

Enzyme 104 ID

6257

Enzyme 104 Name

DNA polymerase iota

Enzyme 104 Synonyms

Eta2
RAD30 homolog B

Enzyme 104 Gene Name

POLI

Enzyme 104 Protein Sequence

>DNA polymerase iota

MELADVGAAASSQGVHDQVLPTPNASSRVIVHVDLDCFYAQVEMISNPELKDKPLGVQQK
YLVVTCNYEARKLGVKKLMNVRDAKEKCPQLVLVNGEDLTRYREMSYKVTELLEEFSPVV
ERLGFDENFVDLTEMVEKRLQQLQSDELSAVTVSGHVYNNQSINLLDVLHIRLLVGSQIA
AEMREAMYNQLGLTGCAGVASNKLLAKLVSGVFKPNQQTVLLPESCQHLIHSLNHIKEIP
GIGYKTAKCLEALGINSVRDLQTFSPKILEKELGISVAQRIQKLSFGEDNSPVILSGPPQ
SFSEEDSFKKCSSEVEAKNKIEELLASLLNRVCQDGRKPHTVRLIIRRYSSEKHYGRESR
QCPIPSHVIQKLGTGNYDVMTPMVDILMKLFRNMVNVKMPFHLTLLSVCFCNLKALNTAK
KGLIDYYLMPSLSTTSRSGKHSFKMKDTHMEDFPKDKETNRDFLPSGRIESTRTRESPLD
TTNFSKEKDINEFPLCSLPEGVDQEVFKQLPVDIQEEILSGKSREKFQGKGSVSCPLHAS
RGVLSFFSKKQMQDIPINPRDHLSSSKQVSSVSPCEPGTSGFNSSSSSYMSSQKDYSYYL
DNRLKDERISQGPKEPQGFHFTNSNPAVSAFHSFPNLQSEQLFSRNHTTDSHKQTVATDS
HEGLTENREPDSVDEKITFPSDIDPQVFYELPEAVQKELLAEWKRTGSDFHIGHK

Enzyme 104 Number of Residues

715

Enzyme 104 Molecular Weight

80345.7

Enzyme 104 Theoretical pI

6.82

Enzyme 104 GO Classification

Function
DNA binding DNA polymerase activity DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity binding catalytic activity damaged DNA binding nucleic acid binding nucleotidyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
DNA metabolic process DNA repair cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 104 General Function

Involved in damaged DNA binding

Enzyme 104 Specific Function

Error-prone DNA polymerase specifically involved in DNA repair. Plays an important role in translesion synthesis, where the normal high-fidelity DNA polymerases cannot proceed and DNA synthesis stalls. Favors Hoogsteen base-pairing in the active site. Inserts the correct base with high-fidelity opposite an adenosine template. Exhibits low fidelity and efficiency opposite a thymidine template, where it will preferentially insert guanosine. May play a role in hypermutation of immunogobulin genes. Forms a Schiff base with 5'-deoxyribose phosphate at abasic sites, but may not have lyase activity

Enzyme 104 Pathways

DNA polymerase (map03030 )
Purine Metabolism (map00230 )
Pyrimidine Metabolism (map00240 )

Enzyme 104 Reactions

deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn = diphosphate + DNAn+1 [RN:R00379]

Enzyme 104 Pfam Domain Function

IMS (PF00817 )

Enzyme 104 Signals

None

Enzyme 104 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 104 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 104 GenBank ID Protein

5739208

Enzyme 104 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q9UNA4

Enzyme 104 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

POLI_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 104 PDB ID

1T3N

Enzyme 104 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 104 3D Structure

Enzyme 104 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 104 Gene Sequence

>2148 bp

ATGGAACTGGCGGACGTGGGGGCGGCAGCCAGCTCGCAGGGAGTTCATGATCAAGTGTTG
CCCACACCAAATGCTTCATCCAGAGTCATAGTACATGTGGATCTGGATTGCTTTTATGCA
CAAGTAGAAATGATCTCAAATCCAGAGCTAAAAGACAAACCTTTAGGGGTTCAACAGAAA
TATTTGGTGGTTACCTGCAACTATGAAGCTAGGAAACTTGGAGTTAAGAAACTTATGAAT
GTCAGAGATGCAAAAGAAAAGTGTCCACAGTTGGTATTAGTTAATGGAGAAGACCTGACC
CGCTACAGAGAAATGTCTTATAAGGTTACAGAATTACTGGAAGAATTTAGTCCAGTTGTT
GAGAGACTTGGATTTGATGAAAATTTTGTGGATCTAACAGAAATGGTTGAGAAGAGACTA
CAGCAGCTGCAAAGTGATGAACTTTCTGCGGTGACTGTGTCGGGTCATGTATACAATAAT
CAGTCTATAAACCTGCTTGACGTCTTGCACATCAGACTACTTGTTGGATCTCAGATTGCA
GCAGAGATGCGGGAAGCCATGTATAATCAGTTGGGGCTCACTGGCTGTGCTGGAGTGGCT
TCTAATAAACTGTTGGCAAAATTAGTTTCTGGTGTCTTTAAACCAAATCAACAAACAGTC
TTATTACCTGAAAGTTGTCAACATCTTATTCATAGTTTGAATCACATAAAGGAAATACCT
GGTATTGGCTATAAAACTGCCAAATGTCTTGAAGCACTGGGTATCAATAGTGTGCGTGAT
CTCCAAACCTTTTCACCCAAAATTTTAGAAAAAGAATTAGGAATTTCAGTTGCTCAGCGT
ATCCAAAAGCTCAGTTTTGGAGAGGATAACTCCCCTGTGATACTCTCAGGACCACCTCAG
TCCTTTAGTGAAGAAGATTCATTTAAAAAATGTTCATCTGAAGTTGAAGCTAAAAATAAG
ATTGAAGAACTACTTGCTAGTCTTTTAAACAGAGTATGCCAAGATGGAAGGAAGCCTCAT
ACAGTGAGATTAATAATCCGTCGGTATTCCTCTGAGAAGCACTATGGTCGTGAGAGTCGT
CAGTGCCCTATTCCTTCACATGTAATTCAGAAATTAGGGACAGGAAATTATGATGTGATG
ACCCCAATGGTTGATATACTTATGAAACTTTTTCGAAATATGGTGAATGTGAAGATGCCA
TTTCACCTTACCCTTCTAAGTGTGTGCTTCTGCAACCTTAAAGCACTAAATACTGCTAAG
AAAGGGCTTATTGATTATTATTTAATGCCATCATTATCAACTACTTCACGCTCTGGCAAG
CACAGTTTTAAAATGAAAGACACTCATATGGAAGATTTTCCCAAAGACAAAGAAACAAAC
CGGGATTTCCTACCAAGTGGAAGAATTGAAAGTACAAGAACTAGGGAGTCTCCACTAGAT
ACCACAAATTTTTCTAAAGAAAAAGACATTAATGAATTCCCACTCTGTTCACTTCCTGAA
GGTGTTGACCAAGAAGTCTTCAAGCAGCTTCCAGTAGATATTCAAGAAGAAATCCTTTCT
GGAAAATCTAGGGAAAAATTTCAAGGGAAAGGAAGTGTGAGTTGTCCATTACATGCCTCT
AGAGGAGTATTATCTTTCTTTTCTAAAAAACAAATGCAAGATATTCCCATAAATCCTAGA
GATCATTTATCCAGTAGCAAACAGGTATCCTCTGTATCTCCTTGTGAACCGGGAACATCA
GGCTTTAATAGCAGTAGTTCTTCTTACATGTCTAGCCAAAAGGATTATTCATATTATTTA
GATAATAGATTAAAAGATGAACGAATAAGTCAAGGACCTAAAGAACCTCAAGGATTCCAC
TTTACAAATTCAAACCCTGCTGTGTCTGCTTTTCATTCATTTCCAAACTTGCAGAGTGAG
CAACTTTTCTCCAGAAACCACACTACAGATAGCCATAAGCAAACAGTAGCAACAGACTCT
CATGAAGGACTTACAGAAAATAGAGAGCCAGATTCTGTTGATGAGAAAATTACTTTCCCT
TCTGACATTGATCCTCAAGTTTTCTATGAACTACCAGAAGCAGTACAAAAGGAACTGCTG
GCAGAGTGGAAGAGAACAGGATCAGATTTCCACATTGGACATAAATAA

Enzyme 104 GenBank Gene ID

AF140501

Enzyme 104 GeneCard ID

POLI

Enzyme 104 GenAtlas ID

POLI

Enzyme 104 HGNC ID

HGNC:9182

Enzyme 104 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 104 Locus

18q21.1

Enzyme 104 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 104 General References

McDonald JP, Rapic-Otrin V, Epstein JA, Broughton BC, Wang X, Lehmann AR, Wolgemuth DJ, Woodgate R: Novel human and mouse homologs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA polymerase eta. Genomics. 1999 Aug 15;60(1):20-30. [PubMed ]
Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, Gassenhuber J, Glassl S, Ansorge W, Bocher M, Blocker H, Bauersachs S, Blum H, Lauber J, Dusterhoft A, Beyer A, Kohrer K, Strack N, Mewes HW, Ottenwalder B, Obermaier B, Tampe J, Heubner D, Wambutt R, Korn B, Klein M, Poustka A: Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs. Genome Res. 2001 Mar;11(3):422-35. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Tissier A, Frank EG, McDonald JP, Iwai S, Hanaoka F, Woodgate R: Misinsertion and bypass of thymine-thymine dimers by human DNA polymerase iota. EMBO J. 2000 Oct 2;19(19):5259-66. [PubMed ]
Bebenek K, Tissier A, Frank EG, McDonald JP, Prasad R, Wilson SH, Woodgate R, Kunkel TA: 5'-Deoxyribose phosphate lyase activity of human DNA polymerase iota in vitro. Science. 2001 Mar 16;291(5511):2156-9. [PubMed ]
Frank EG, Tissier A, McDonald JP, Rapic-Otrin V, Zeng X, Gearhart PJ, Woodgate R: Altered nucleotide misinsertion fidelity associated with poliota-dependent replication at the end of a DNA template. EMBO J. 2001 Jun 1;20(11):2914-22. [PubMed ]
Faili A, Aoufouchi S, Flatter E, Gueranger Q, Reynaud CA, Weill JC: Induction of somatic hypermutation in immunoglobulin genes is dependent on DNA polymerase iota. Nature. 2002 Oct 31;419(6910):944-7. [PubMed ]
Kannouche P, Fernandez de Henestrosa AR, Coull B, Vidal AE, Gray C, Zicha D, Woodgate R, Lehmann AR: Localization of DNA polymerases eta and iota to the replication machinery is tightly co-ordinated in human cells. EMBO J. 2003 Mar 3;22(5):1223-33. [PubMed ]
Haracska L, Prakash L, Prakash S: A mechanism for the exclusion of low-fidelity human Y-family DNA polymerases from base excision repair. Genes Dev. 2003 Nov 15;17(22):2777-85. [PubMed ]
Washington MT, Minko IG, Johnson RE, Wolfle WT, Harris TM, Lloyd RS, Prakash S, Prakash L: Efficient and error-free replication past a minor-groove DNA adduct by the sequential action of human DNA polymerases iota and kappa. Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Jul;24(13):5687-93. [PubMed ]
Nair DT, Johnson RE, Prakash S, Prakash L, Aggarwal AK: Replication by human DNA polymerase-iota occurs by Hoogsteen base-pairing. Nature. 2004 Jul 15;430(6997):377-80. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 104 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 105 [top]

Enzyme 105 ID

6258

Enzyme 105 Name

DNA polymerase epsilon subunit 2

Enzyme 105 Synonyms

DNA polymerase II subunit 2
DNA polymerase epsilon subunit B

Enzyme 105 Gene Name

POLE2

Enzyme 105 Protein Sequence

>DNA polymerase epsilon subunit 2

MAPERLRSRALSAFKLRGLLLRGEAIKYLTEALQSISELELEDKLEKIINAVEKQPLSSN
MIERSVVEAAVQECSQSVDETIEHVFNIIGAFDIPRFVYNSERKKFLPLLMTNHPAPNLF
GTPRDKAEMFRERYTILHQRTHRHELFTPPVIGSHPDESGSKFQLKTIETLLGSTTKIGD
AIVLGMITQLKEGKFFLEDPTGTVQLDLSKAQFHSGLYTEACFVLAEGWFEDQVFHVNAF
GFPPTEPSSTTRAYYGNINFFGGPSNTSVKTSAKLKQLEEENKDAMFVFLSDVWLDQVEV
LEKLRIMFAGYSPAPPTCFILCGNFSSAPYGKNQVQALKDSLKTLADIICEYPDIHQSSR
FVFVPGPEDPGFGSILPRPPLAESITNEFRQRVPFSVFTTNPCRIQYCTQEITVFREDLV
NKMCRNCVRFPSSNLAIPNHFVKTILSQGHLTPLPLYVCPVYWAYDYALRVYPVPDLLVI
ADKYDPFTTTNTECLCINPGSFPRSGFSFKVFYPSNKTVEDSKLQGF

Enzyme 105 Number of Residues

527

Enzyme 105 Molecular Weight

59536.6

Enzyme 105 Theoretical pI

6.30

Enzyme 105 GO Classification

Function
DNA binding DNA polymerase activity DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity binding catalytic activity nucleic acid binding nucleotidyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
DNA metabolic process DNA replication DNA-dependent DNA replication cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process
Component
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle membrane-bounded organelle nucleus organelle

Enzyme 105 General Function

Involved in DNA binding

Enzyme 105 Specific Function

Participates in DNA repair and in chromosomal DNA replication

Enzyme 105 Pathways

DNA polymerase (map03030 )
Purine Metabolism (map00230 )
Pyrimidine Metabolism (map00240 )

Enzyme 105 Reactions

deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn = diphosphate + DNAn+1 [RN:R00379]

Enzyme 105 Pfam Domain Function

DNA_pol_E_B (PF04042 )

Enzyme 105 Signals

None

Enzyme 105 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 105 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 105 GenBank ID Protein

32189369

Enzyme 105 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P56282

Enzyme 105 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

DPOE2_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 105 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 105 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 105 Gene Sequence

>1584 bp

ATGGCGCCGGAGCGGCTGCGGAGCCGGGCGCTCTCCGCCTTCAAGTTGCGGGGCTTGCTG
CTCCGTGGTGAAGCTATTAAGTACCTCACAGAAGCTCTTCAGTCTATCAGTGAATTAGAG
CTTGAAGATAAACTGGAAAAGATAATTAATGCAGTTGAGAAGCAACCCTTGTCATCAAAC
ATGATTGAACGATCTGTGGTGGAAGCAGCAGTCCAGGAATGCAGTCAGTCTGTTGATGAA
ACTATAGAGCACGTTTTCAATATCATAGGAGCATTTGATATTCCACGCTTTGTGTACAAT
TCAGAAAGAAAAAAATTTCTTCCTCTGTTAATGACCAACCACCCTGCACCAAATTTATTT
GGAACACCAAGAGATAAAGCAGAGATGTTTCGTGAGCGATATACCATTTTGCACCAGAGG
ACCCACAGGCATGAATTATTTACTCCTCCGGTGATAGGTTCTCACCCTGATGAAAGCGGA
AGCAAATTCCAGCTTAAAACAATAGAAACCTTATTGGGTAGTACAACCAAAATCGGAGAT
GCGATTGTTCTTGGAATGATAACGCAGTTAAAAGAGGGAAAATTTTTTCTGGAAGATCCT
ACTGGAACAGTCCAACTAGACCTTAGTAAAGCTCAGTTCCATAGTGGTTTATACACAGAG
GCATGCTTTGTCTTAGCAGAAGGTTGGTTTGAAGATCAAGTGTTTCATGTCAATGCCTTT
GGATTTCCACCCACTGAGCCCTCTAGTACTACTAGGGCATACTATGGAAATATTAATTTT
TTTGGAGGTCCTTCTAATACATCTGTGAAGACTTCTGCAAAACTAAAACAGCTAGAAGAG
GAGAATAAAGATGCTATGTTTGTGTTTTTATCTGATGTTTGGTTGGACCAGGTGGAAGTA
TTGGAAAAACTTCGCATAATGTTTGCTGGTTATTCACCAGCACCTCCAACCTGCTTTATT
CTGTGTGGTAATTTTTCATCTGCACCATATGGAAAAAATCAAGTTCAAGCTTTGAAAGAT
TCCCTAAAAACTTTGGCAGATATAATATGTGAATACCCAGATATTCACCAAAGTAGTCGT
TTTGTGTTTGTACCTGGTCCAGAGGATCCTGGATTTGGTTCCATCTTACCAAGGCCACCA
CTTGCTGAAAGCATCACTAATGAATTCAGACAAAGGGTACCATTTTCAGTTTTTACTACT
AATCCTTGCAGAATTCAGTACTGTACACAGGAAATTACTGTCTTCCGTGAAGACTTAGTA
AATAAAATGTGCAGAAACTGCGTCCGTTTTCCTAGCAGCAATTTGGCTATTCCTAATCAC
TTTGTAAAGACTATCTTATCCCAAGGACATCTGACTCCCCTACCTCTTTATGTCTGCCCA
GTGTATTGGGCATATGACTATGCTTTGAGAGTGTATCCTGTGCCCGATCTACTTGTCATT
GCAGACAAATATGATCCTTTCACTACGACAAATACCGAATGCCTCTGCATAAACCCTGGC
TCTTTTCCAAGAAGTGGATTTTCATTCAAAGTTTTTTATCCTTCTAATAAGACAGTAGAA
GATAGCAAACTTCAAGGCTTTTGA

Enzyme 105 GenBank Gene ID

NM_002692.3 Link Image

Enzyme 105 GeneCard ID

POLE2

Enzyme 105 GenAtlas ID

POLE2

Enzyme 105 HGNC ID

HGNC:9178

Enzyme 105 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 105 Locus

14q21-q22

Enzyme 105 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 105 General References

Li Y, Asahara H, Patel VS, Zhou S, Linn S: Purification, cDNA cloning, and gene mapping of the small subunit of human DNA polymerase epsilon. J Biol Chem. 1997 Dec 19;272(51):32337-44. [PubMed ]
Jokela M, Makiniemi M, Lehtonen S, Szpirer C, Hellman U, Syvaoja JE: The small subunits of human and mouse DNA polymerase epsilon are homologous to the second largest subunit of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA polymerase epsilon. Nucleic Acids Res. 1998 Feb 1;26(3):730-4. [PubMed ]
Huang D, Jokela M, Tuusa J, Skog S, Poikonen K, Syvaoja JE: E2F mediates induction of the Sp1-controlled promoter of the human DNA polymerase epsilon B-subunit gene POLE2. Nucleic Acids Res. 2001 Jul 1;29(13):2810-21. [PubMed ]
Heilig R, Eckenberg R, Petit JL, Fonknechten N, Da Silva C, Cattolico L, Levy M, Barbe V, de Berardinis V, Ureta-Vidal A, Pelletier E, Vico V, Anthouard V, Rowen L, Madan A, Qin S, Sun H, Du H, Pepin K, Artiguenave F, Robert C, Cruaud C, Bruls T, Jaillon O, Friedlander L, Samson G, Brottier P, Cure S, Segurens B, Aniere F, Samain S, Crespeau H, Abbasi N, Aiach N, Boscus D, Dickhoff R, Dors M, Dubois I, Friedman C, Gouyvenoux M, James R, Madan A, Mairey-Estrada B, Mangenot S, Martins N, Menard M, Oztas S, Ratcliffe A, Shaffer T, Trask B, Vacherie B, Bellemere C, Belser C, Besnard-Gonnet M, Bartol-Mavel D, Boutard M, Briez-Silla S, Combette S, Dufosse-Laurent V, Ferron C, Lechaplais C, Louesse C, Muselet D, Magdelenat G, Pateau E, Petit E, Sirvain-Trukniewicz P, Trybou A, Vega-Czarny N, Bataille E, Bluet E, Bordelais I, Dubois M, Dumont C, Guerin T, Haffray S, Hammadi R, Muanga J, Pellouin V, Robert D, Wunderle E, Gauguet G, Roy A, Sainte-Marthe L, Verdier J, Verdier-Discala C, Hillier L, Fulton L, McPherson J, Matsuda F, Wilson R, Scarpelli C, Gyapay G, Wincker P, Saurin W, Quetier F, Waterston R, Hood L, Weissenbach J: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 14. Nature. 2003 Feb 6;421(6923):601-7. Epub 2003 Jan 1. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 105 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 106 [top]

Enzyme 106 ID

6352

Enzyme 106 Name

Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2

Enzyme 106 Synonyms

Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor type B
ANP-B
ANPR-B
NPR-B
Guanylate cyclase B
GC-B

Enzyme 106 Gene Name

NPR2

Enzyme 106 Protein Sequence

>Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2

MALPSLLLLVAALAGGVRPPGARNLTLAVVLPEHNLSYAWAWPRVGPAVALAVEALGRAL
PVDLRFVSSELEGACSEYLAPLSAVDLKLYHDPDLLLGPGCVYPAASVARFASHWRLPLL
TAGAVASGFSAKNDHYRTLVRTGPSAPKLGEFVVTLHGHFNWTARAALLYLDARTDDRPH
YFTIEGVFEALQGSNLSVQHQVYAREPGGPEQATHFIRANGRIVYICGPLEMLHEILLQA
QRENLTNGDYVFFYLDVFGESLRAGPTRATGRPWQDNRTREQAQALREAFQTVLVITYRE
PPNPEYQEFQNRLLIRAREDFGVELGPSLMNLIAGCFYDGILLYAEVLNETIQEGGTRED
GLRIVEKMQGRRYHGVTGLVVMDKNNDRETDFVLWAMGDLDSGDFQPAAHYSGAEKQIWW
TGRPIPWVKGAPPSDNPPCAFDLDDPSCDKTPLSTLAIVALGTGITFIMFGVSSFLIFRK
LMLEKELASMLWRIRWEELQFGNSERYHKGAGSRLTLSLRGSSYGSLMTAHGKYQIFANT
GHFKGNVVAIKHVNKKRIELTRQVLFELKHMRDVQFNHLTRFIGACIDPPNICIVTEYCP
RGSLQDILENDSINLDWMFRYSLINDLVKGMAFLHNSIISSHGSLKSSNCVVDSRFVLKI
TDYGLASFRSTAEPDDSHALYAKKLWTAPELLSGNPLPTTGMQKADVYSFGIILQEIALR
SGPFYLEGLDLSPKEIVQKVRNGQRPYFRPSIDRTQLNEELVLLMERCWAQDPAERPDFG
QIKGFIRRFNKEGGTSILDNLLLRMEQYANNLEKLVEERTQAYLEEKRKAEALLYQILPH
SVAEQLKRGETVQAEAFDSVTIYFSDIVGFTALSAESTPMQVVTLLNDLYTCFDAIIDNF
DVYKVETIGDAYMVVSGLPGRNGQRHAPEIARMALALLDAVSSFRIRHRPHDQLRLRIGV
HTGPVCAGVVGLKMPRYCLFGDTVNTASRMESNGQALKIHVSSTTKDALDELGCFQLELR
GDVEMKGKGKMRTYWLLGERKGPPGLL

Enzyme 106 Number of Residues

1047

Enzyme 106 Molecular Weight

117021.0

Enzyme 106 Theoretical pI

6.86

Enzyme 106 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding binding catalytic activity kinase activity lyase activity molecular transducer activity nucleoside binding peptide receptor activity peptide receptor activity, G-protein coupled phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity protein kinase activity purine nucleoside binding receptor activity signal transducer activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
cellular metabolic process cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process intracellular signaling pathway metabolic process nitrogen compound metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process nucleoside phosphate metabolic process nucleotide metabolic process phosphate metabolic process phosphorus metabolic process phosphorylation protein amino acid phosphorylation signaling signaling pathway
Component
cell part membrane

Enzyme 106 General Function

Involved in phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity

Enzyme 106 Specific Function

Receptor for the C-type natriuretic peptide NPPC/CNP hormone. Has guanylate cyclase activity upon binding of its ligand. May play a role in the regulation of skeletal growth

Enzyme 106 Pathways

Purine Metabolism (map00230 )

Enzyme 106 Reactions

GTP = 3',5'-cyclic GMP + diphosphate [RN:R00434]

Enzyme 106 Pfam Domain Function

ANF_receptor (PF01094 )
Guanylate_cyc (PF00211 )
Pkinase_Tyr (PF07714 )

Enzyme 106 Signals

1-22

Enzyme 106 Transmembrane Regions

459-478

Enzyme 106 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 106 GenBank ID Protein

5139790

Enzyme 106 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P20594

Enzyme 106 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

ANPRB_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 106 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 106 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 106 Gene Sequence

>3144 bp

ATGGCGCTGCCATCACTTCTGCTGTTGGTGGCAGCCCTGGCAGGTGGGGTGCGTCCTCCC
GGGGCGCGGAACCTGACGCTGGCGGTGGTGCTGCCAGAACACAACCTGAGCTATGCCTGG
GCCTGGCCACGGGTGGGACCCGCTGTGGCACTAGCTGTGGAGGCTCTGGGCCGGGCACTG
CCCGTGGACCTGCGGTTTGTCAGCTCCGAACTGGAAGGCGCCTGCTCTGAGTACCTGGCA
CCGCTGAGCGCTGTGGACCTCAAGCTGTACCATGACCCCGACCTGCTGTTAGGTCCCGGT
TGCGTGTACCCTGCTGCCTCTGTGGCCCGCTTTGCCTCCCACTGGCGCCTTCCCCTGCTG
ACTGCGGGTGCTGTGGCCTCTGGTTTTTCGGCTAAGAATGACCATTATCGTACCCTGGTT
CGCACTGGCCCCTCTGCTCCCAAGCTGGGTGAGTTTGTGGTGACACTACACGGGCACTTC
AATTGGACTGCCCGTGCTGCCTTGCTGTACCTGGATGCTCGCACAGATGACCGGCCTCAC
TACTTCACCATCGAGGGCGTCTTTGAGGCCCTGCAGGGCAGCAACCTCAGTGTGCAGCAC
CAGGTGTATGCCCGAGAGCCAGGGGGCCCCGAGCAGGCCACCCACTTCATCCGGGCCAAC
GGGCGCATTGTGTATATCTGCGGCCCTCTGGAGATGCTGCATGAGATCCTGCTTCAGGCC
CAGAGGGAGAATCTGACCAATGGGGATTATGTCTTCTTTTACCTGGATGTCTTTGGGGAG
AGTCTCCGTGCAGGCCCCACACGTGCTACAGGCCGGCCCTGGCAGGACAATCGCACCCGG
GAACAGGCCCAGGCCCTCAGAGAGGCCTTTCAGACTGTATTGGTGATCACGTACCGAGAA
CCCCCAAATCCTGAGTATCAGGAATTCCAGAATCGTCTGCTGATAAGAGCCCGGGAAGAC
TTTGGTGTGGAGCTGGGCCCTTCCCTGATGAACCTCATCGCTGGCTGCTTCTATGATGGG
ATCCTGCTATATGCTGAAGTCCTGAATGAGACAATACAGGAAGGAGGCACCCGGGAGGAT
GGACTTCGAATTGTGGAAAAGATGCAGGGACGAAGATATCACGGTGTAACTGGGCTGGTT
GTCATGGACAAGAACAATGACCGAGAGACTGACTTTGTCCTCTGGGCCATGGGAGACCTG
GATTCTGGGGACTTTCAGCCTGCAGCCCACTACTCGGGAGCTGAGAAGCAGATTTGGTGG
ACGGGACGGCCTATTCCCTGGGTGAAGGGGGCTCCTCCCTCGGACAATCCCCCCTGTGCC
TTTGACTTGGACGACCCATCCTGTGATAAAACTCCACTTTCAACCCTGGCAATTGTGGCT
CTGGGCACAGGAATCACCTTCATCATGTTTGGTGTTTCCAGCTTCCTAATTTTCCGAAAG
CTGATGCTGGAGAAGGAGCTGGCTAGCATGTTGTGGCGTATTCGCTGGGAAGAACTGCAG
TTTGGCAACTCAGAGCGTTATCACAAAGGTGCAGGCAGTCGCCTCACACTGTCGCTGCGG
GGATCCAGTTACGGCTCGCTCATGACAGCCCATGGGAAATACCAGATCTTTGCCAACACC
GGTCACTTCAAGGGAAATGTTGTCGCCATCAAACATGTGAATAAGAAGCGCATTGAGCTG
ACCCGGCAGGTTCTGTTTGAACTCAAACATATGAGAGATGTTCAGTTCAACCATCTCACT
CGCTTCATTGGCGCCTGCATAGACCCTCCCAACATTTGCATTGTCACTGAATACTGTCCT
CGTGGGAGTTTACAGGATATTCTAGAAAATGACAGCATCAACTTGGACTGGATGTTTCGT
TATTCACTCATTAATGACCTTGTTAAGGGCATGGCCTTTCTCCACAACAGCATTATTTCA
TCGCATGGGAGTCTCAAGTCCTCCAACTGTGTGGTGGATAGTCGTTTTGTGCTCAAAATC
ACAGACTATGGCCTGGCCAGCTTCCGATCAACTGCTGAACCTGATGACAGCCATGCCCTC
TATGCCAAGAAGCTGTGGACTGCCCCAGAACTGCTCAGTGGGAACCCCTTGCCAACCACA
GGCATGCAGAAGGCTGACGTCTATAGCTTTGGGATCATCCTGCAGGAGATAGCACTTCGC
AGTGGTCCTTTCTACTTGGAGGGCCTGGACCTCAGCCCCAAAGAGATTGTCCAGAAGGTA
CGAAATGGTCAGCGGCCATATTTCCGGCCAAGCATTGACCGGTCCCAACTGAATGAAGAG
CTAGTTTTGCTGATGGAGCGATGTTGGGCTCAGGACCCAGCTGAGCGGCCAGACTTTGGA
CAGATTAAGGGCTTCATTCGGCGCTTTAACAAGGAGGGTGGCACCAGCATATTGGACAAC
CTCCTGCTGCGCATGGAACAGTATGCCAATAACTTGGAGAAGCTGGTGGAGGAACGCACA
CAGGCCTATCTGGAGGAAAAACGCAAGGCTGAAGCTCTGCTCTACCAAATCCTACCCCAT
TCAGTGGCAGAGCAGTTAAAACGGGGAGAGACTGTACAGGCTGAGGCCTTTGACAGTGTT
ACCATCTACTTCAGTGACATTGTTGGCTTCACAGCATTGTCAGCAGAGAGCACCCCCATG
CAGGTAGTGACACTTCTTAATGACCTGTATACCTGCTTTGATGCCATAATTGACAACTTT
GATGTCTACAAGGTGGAGACGATTGGGGATGCTTACATGGTGGTATCTGGCCTCCCAGGC
CGAAATGGTCAACGCCATGCACCAGAAATTGCTCGTATGGCCCTAGCATTACTAGATGCA
GTTTCTTCCTTTCGCATCCGCCACCGACCCCATGACCAGCTGAGGCTACGCATAGGGGTC
CATACTGGGCCAGTCTGTGCTGGGGTTGTTGGCCTGAAGATGCCCCGTTATTGTCTTTTT
GGAGACACAGTGAACACTGCTTCTCGAATGGAGTCTAATGGTCAAGCGCTGAAGATCCAT
GTCTCCTCTACCACCAAGGATGCCCTAGATGAGCTAGGATGCTTCCAGCTAGAGCTTCGG
GGGGATGTGGAAATGAAGGGAAAAGGAAAGATGCGAACATACTGGCTCTTAGGAGAGCGG
AAAGGACCTCCTGGACTCCTGTAA

Enzyme 106 GenBank Gene ID

AB005647

Enzyme 106 GeneCard ID

NPR2

Enzyme 106 GenAtlas ID

NPR2

Enzyme 106 HGNC ID

HGNC:7944

Enzyme 106 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 106 Locus

9p21-p12

Enzyme 106 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 106 General References

Chang MS, Lowe DG, Lewis M, Hellmiss R, Chen E, Goeddel DV: Differential activation by atrial and brain natriuretic peptides of two different receptor guanylate cyclases. Nature. 1989 Sep 7;341(6237):68-72. [PubMed ]
Rehemudula D, Nakayama T, Soma M, Takahashi Y, Uwabo J, Sato M, Izumi Y, Kanmatsuse K, Ozawa Y: Structure of the type B human natriuretic peptide receptor gene and association of a novel microsatellite polymorphism with essential hypertension. Circ Res. 1999 Mar 19;84(5):605-10. [PubMed ]
Hirsch JR, Meyer M, Magert HJ, Forssmann WG, Mollerup S, Herter P, Weber G, Cermak R, Ankorina-Stark I, Schlatter E, Kruhoffer M: cGMP-dependent and -independent inhibition of a K+ conductance by natriuretic peptides: molecular and functional studies in human proximal tubule cells. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999 Mar;10(3):472-80. [PubMed ]
Humphray SJ, Oliver K, Hunt AR, Plumb RW, Loveland JE, Howe KL, Andrews TD, Searle S, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Jones MC, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Babbage S, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford D, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Chen Y, Clarke G, Clark SY, Clee CM, Clegg S, Collier RE, Corby N, Crosier M, Cummings AT, Davies J, Dhami P, Dunn M, Dutta I, Dyer LW, Earthrowl ME, Faulkner L, Fleming CJ, Frankish A, Frankland JA, French L, Fricker DG, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori J, Gilbert JG, Glison C, Grafham DV, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Guy J, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Harrison ES, Hart EA, Heath PD, Henderson CD, Hopkins BL, Howard PJ, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan S, Kershaw JK, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, McLaren S, McLay KE, McMurray A, Milne S, Nickerson T, Nisbett J, Nordsiek G, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Porter KM, Pandian R, Pelan S, Phillimore B, Povey S, Ramsey Y, Rand V, Scharfe M, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Sims SK, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward CA, Swarbreck D, Sycamore N, Tester J, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Thomas DW, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, Whitehead SL, Willey DL, Williams SA, Wilming L, Wray PW, Young L, Ashurst JL, Coulson A, Blocker H, Durbin R, Sulston JE, Hubbard T, Jackson MJ, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J, Dunham I: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9. Nature. 2004 May 27;429(6990):369-74. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Bennett BD, Bennett GL, Vitangcol RV, Jewett JR, Burnier J, Henzel W, Lowe DG: Extracellular domain-IgG fusion proteins for three human natriuretic peptide receptors. Hormone pharmacology and application to solid phase screening of synthetic peptide antisera. J Biol Chem. 1991 Dec 5;266(34):23060-7. [PubMed ]
Koller KJ, Lowe DG, Bennett GL, Minamino N, Kangawa K, Matsuo H, Goeddel DV: Selective activation of the B natriuretic peptide receptor by C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). Science. 1991 Apr 5;252(5002):120-3. [PubMed ]
Hillman RT, Green RE, Brenner SE: An unappreciated role for RNA surveillance. Genome Biol. 2004;5(2):R8. Epub 2004 Feb 2. [PubMed ]
Bartels CF, Bukulmez H, Padayatti P, Rhee DK, van Ravenswaaij-Arts C, Pauli RM, Mundlos S, Chitayat D, Shih LY, Al-Gazali LI, Kant S, Cole T, Morton J, Cormier-Daire V, Faivre L, Lees M, Kirk J, Mortier GR, Leroy J, Zabel B, Kim CA, Crow Y, Braverman NE, van den Akker F, Warman ML: Mutations in the transmembrane natriuretic peptide receptor NPR-B impair skeletal growth and cause acromesomelic dysplasia, type Maroteaux. Am J Hum Genet. 2004 Jul;75(1):27-34. Epub 2004 May 14. [PubMed ]
Greenman C, Stephens P, Smith R, Dalgliesh GL, Hunter C, Bignell G, Davies H, Teague J, Butler A, Stevens C, Edkins S, O'Meara S, Vastrik I, Schmidt EE, Avis T, Barthorpe S, Bhamra G, Buck G, Choudhury B, Clements J, Cole J, Dicks E, Forbes S, Gray K, Halliday K, Harrison R, Hills K, Hinton J, Jenkinson A, Jones D, Menzies A, Mironenko T, Perry J, Raine K, Richardson D, Shepherd R, Small A, Tofts C, Varian J, Webb T, West S, Widaa S, Yates A, Cahill DP, Louis DN, Goldstraw P, Nicholson AG, Brasseur F, Looijenga L, Weber BL, Chiew YE, DeFazio A, Greaves MF, Green AR, Campbell P, Birney E, Easton DF, Chenevix-Trench G, Tan MH, Khoo SK, Teh BT, Yuen ST, Leung SY, Wooster R, Futreal PA, Stratton MR: Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes. Nature. 2007 Mar 8;446(7132):153-8. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 106 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 107 [top]

Enzyme 107 ID

6353

Enzyme 107 Name

Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1

Enzyme 107 Synonyms

GCS-beta-1
Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-3
GCS-beta-3
Soluble guanylate cyclase small subunit

Enzyme 107 Gene Name

GUCY1B3

Enzyme 107 Protein Sequence

>Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1

MYGFVNHALELLVIRNYGPEVWEDIKKEAQLDEEGQFLVRIIYDDSKTYDLVAAASKVLN
LNAGEILQMFGKMFFVFCQESGYDTILRVLGSNVREFLQNLDALHDHLATIYPGMRAPSF
RCTDAEKGKGLILHYYSEREGLQDIVIGIIKTVAQQIHGTEIDMKVIQQRNEECDHTQFL
IEEKESKEEDFYEDLDRFEENGTQESRISPYTFCKAFPFHIIFDRDLVVTQCGNAIYRVL
PQLQPGNCSLLSVFSLVRPHIDISFHGILSHINTVFVLRSKEGLLDVEKLECEDELTGTE
ISCLRLKGQMIYLPEADSILFLCSPSVMNLDDLTRRGLYLSDIPLHDATRDLVLLGEQFR
EEYKLTQELEILTDRLQLTLRALEDEKKKTDTLLYSVLPPSVANELRHKRPVPAKRYDNV
TILFSGIVGFNAFCSKHASGEGAMKIVNLLNDLYTRFDTLTDSRKNPFVYKVETVGDKYM
TVSGLPEPCIHHARSICHLALDMMEIAGQVQVDGESVQITIGIHTGEVVTGVIGQRMPRY
CLFGNTVNLTSRTETTGEKGKINVSEYTYRCLMSPENSDPQFHLEHRGPVSMKGKKEPMQ
VWFLSRKNTGTEETKQDDD

Enzyme 107 Number of Residues

619

Enzyme 107 Molecular Weight

70513.9

Enzyme 107 Theoretical pI

5.02

Enzyme 107 GO Classification

Function
binding catalytic activity cation binding cyclase activity guanylate cyclase activity heme binding ion binding iron ion binding lyase activity metal ion binding phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity transition metal ion binding
Process
cGMP biosynthetic process cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process intracellular signaling pathway metabolic process nitrogen compound metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process nucleoside phosphate metabolic process nucleotide metabolic process purine nucleotide biosynthetic process purine nucleotide metabolic process signaling signaling pathway
Component
—

Enzyme 107 General Function

Involved in phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity

Enzyme 107 Specific Function

GTP = 3',5'-cyclic GMP + diphosphate

Enzyme 107 Pathways

Purine Metabolism (map00230 )

Enzyme 107 Reactions

GTP = 3',5'-cyclic GMP + diphosphate [RN:R00434]

Enzyme 107 Pfam Domain Function

Guanylate_cyc (PF00211 )
HNOB (PF07700 )
HNOBA (PF07701 )

Enzyme 107 Signals

None

Enzyme 107 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 107 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 107 GenBank ID Protein

4504215

Enzyme 107 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q02153

Enzyme 107 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

GCYB1_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 107 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 107 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 107 Gene Sequence

>1860 bp

ATGTACGGATTTGTGAATCACGCCCTGGAGTTGCTGGTGATCCGCAATTACGGCCCCGAG
GTGTGGGAAGACATCAAAAAAGAGGCACAGTTAGATGAAGAAGGACAGTTTCTTGTCAGA
ATAATATATGATGACTCCAAAACTTATGATTTGGTTGCTGCTGCAAGCAAAGTCCTCAAT
CTCAATGCTGGAGAAATCCTCCAAATGTTTGGGAAGATGTTTTTCGTCTTTTGCCAAGAA
TCTGGTTATGATACAATCTTGCGTGTCCTGGGCTCTAATGTCAGAGAATTTCTACAGAAC
CTTGATGCTCTGCACGACCACCTTGCTACCATCTACCCAGGAATGCGTGCACCTTCCTTT
AGGTGCACTGATGCAGAAAAGGGCAAAGGACTCATTTTGCACTACTACTCAGAGAGAGAA
GGACTTCAGGATATTGTCATTGGAATCATCAAAACAGTGGCACAACAAATCCATGGCACT
GAAATAGACATGAAGGTTATTCAGCAAAGAAATGAAGAATGTGATCATACTCAATTTTTA
ATTGAAGAAAAAGAGTCAAAAGAAGAGGATTTTTATGAAGATCTTGACAGATTTGAAGAA
AATGGTACCCAGGAATCACGCATCAGCCCATATACATTCTGCAAAGCTTTTCCTTTTCAT
ATAATATTTGACCGGGACCTAGTGGTCACTCAGTGTGGCAATGCTATATACAGAGTTCTC
CCCCAGCTCCAGCCTGGGAATTGCAGCCTTCTGTCTGTCTTCTCGCTGGTTCGTCCTCAT
ATTGATATTAGTTTCCATGGGATCCTTTCTCACATCAATACTGTTTTTGTATTGAGAAGC
AAGGAAGGATTGTTGGATGTGGAGAAATTAGAATGTGAGGATGAACTGACTGGGACTGAG
ATCAGCTGCTTACGTCTCAAGGGTCAAATGATCTACTTACCTGAAGCAGATAGCATACTT
TTTCTATGTTCACCAAGTGTCATGAACCTGGACGATTTGACAAGGAGAGGGCTGTATCTA
AGTGACATCCCTCTGCATGATGCCACGCGCGATCTTGTTCTTTTGGGAGAACAATTTAGA
GAGGAATACAAACTCACCCAAGAACTGGAAATCCTCACTGACAGGCTACAGCTCACGTTA
AGAGCCCTGGAAGATGAAAAGAAAAAGACAGACACATTGCTGTATTCTGTCCTTCCTCCG
TCTGTTGCCAATGAGCTGCGGCACAAGCGTCCAGTGCCTGCCAAAAGATATGACAATGTG
ACCATCCTCTTTAGTGGCATTGTGGGCTTCAATGCTTTCTGTAGCAAGCATGCATCTGGA
GAAGGAGCCATGAAGATCGTCAACCTCCTCAACGACCTCTACACCAGATTTGACACACTG
ACTGATTCCCGGAAAAACCCATTTGTTTATAAGGTGGAGACTGTTGGTGACAAGTATATG
ACAGTGAGTGGTTTACCAGAGCCATGCATTCACCATGCACGATCCATCTGCCACCTGGCC
TTGGACATGATGGAAATTGCTGGCCAGGTTCAAGTAGATGGTGAATCTGTTCAGATAACA
ATAGGGATACACACTGGAGAGGTAGTTACAGGTGTCATAGGACAGCGGATGCCTCGATAC
TGTCTTTTTGGGAATACTGTCAACCTCACAAGCCGAACAGAAACCACAGGAGAAAAGGGA
AAAATAAATGTGTCTGAATATACATACAGATGTCTTATGTCTCCAGAAAATTCAGATCCA
CAATTCCACTTGGAGCACAGAGGCCCAGTGTCCATGAAGGGCAAAAAAGAACCAATGCAA
GTTTGGTTTCTATCCAGAAAAAATACAGGAACAGAGGAAACAAAGCAGGATGATGACTGA

Enzyme 107 GenBank Gene ID

NM_000857.2 Link Image

Enzyme 107 GeneCard ID

GUCY1B3

Enzyme 107 GenAtlas ID

GUCY1B3

Enzyme 107 HGNC ID

HGNC:4687

Enzyme 107 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 107 Locus

4q31.3-q33

Enzyme 107 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 107 General References

Giuili G, Scholl U, Bulle F, Guellaen G: Molecular cloning of the cDNAs coding for the two subunits of soluble guanylyl cyclase from human brain. FEBS Lett. 1992 Jun 8;304(1):83-8. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Chhajlani V, Frandberg PA, Ahlner J, Axelsson KL, Wikberg JE: Heterogeneity in human soluble guanylate cyclase due to alternative splicing. FEBS Lett. 1991 Sep 23;290(1-2):157-8. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 107 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 108 [top]

Enzyme 108 ID

6356

Enzyme 108 Name

Retinal guanylyl cyclase 1

Enzyme 108 Synonyms

RETGC-1
Guanylate cyclase 2D, retinal
Rod outer segment membrane guanylate cyclase
ROS-GC

Enzyme 108 Gene Name

GUCY2D

Enzyme 108 Protein Sequence

>Retinal guanylyl cyclase 1

MTACARRAGGLPDPGLCGPAWWAPSLPRLPRALPRLPLLLLLLLLQPPALSAVFTVGVLG
PWACDPIFSRARPDLAARLAAARLNRDPGLAGGPRFEVALLPEPCRTPGSLGAVSSALAR
VSGLVGPVNPAACRPAELLAEEAGIALVPWGCPWTQAEGTTAPAVTPAADALYALLRAFG
WARVALVTAPQDLWVEAGRSLSTALRARGLPVASVTSMEPLDLSGAREALRKVRDGPRVT
AVIMVMHSVLLGGEEQRYLLEAAEELGLTDGSLVFLPFDTIHYALSPGPEALAALANSSQ
LRRAHDAVLTLTRHCPSEGSVLDSLRRAQERRELPSDLNLQQVSPLFGTIYDAVFLLARG
VAEARAAAGGRWVSGAAVARHIRDAQVPGFCGDLGGDEEPPFVLLDTDAAGDRLFATYML
DPARGSFLSAGTRMHFPRGGSAPGPDPSCWFDPNNICGGGLEPGLVFLGFLLVVGMGLAG
AFLAHYVRHRLLHMQMVSGPNKIILTVDDITFLHPHGGTSRKVAQGSRSSLGARSMSDIR
SGPSQHLDSPNIGVYEGDRVWLKKFPGDQHIAIRPATKTAFSKLQELRHENVALYLGLFL
ARGAEGPAALWEGNLAVVSEHCTRGSLQDLLAQREIKLDWMFKSSLLLDLIKGIRYLHHR
GVAHGRLKSRNCIVDGRFVLKITDHGHGRLLEAQKVLPEPPRAEDQLWTAPELLRDPALE
RRGTLAGDVFSLAIIMQEVVCRSAPYAMLELTPEEVVQRVRSPPPLCRPLVSMDQAPVEC
ILLMKQCWAEQPELRPSMDHTFDLFKNINKGRKTNIIDSMLRMLEQYSSNLEDLIRERTE
ELELEKQKTDRLLTQMLPPSVAEALKTGTPVEPEYFEQVTLYFSDIVGFTTISAMSEPIE
VVDLLNDLYTLFDAIIGSHDVYKVETIGDAYMVASGLPQRNGQRHAAEIANMSLDILSAV
GTFRMRHMPEVPVRIRIGLHSGPCVAGVVGLTMPRYCLFGDTVNTASRMESTGLPYRIHV
NLSTVGILRALDSGYQVELRGRTELKGKGAEDTFWLVGRRGFNKPIPKPPDLQPGSSNHG
ISLQEIPPERRRKLEKARPGQFS

Enzyme 108 Number of Residues

1103

Enzyme 108 Molecular Weight

120057.2

Enzyme 108 Theoretical pI

7.47

Enzyme 108 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding binding catalytic activity cyclase activity guanylate cyclase activity kinase activity lyase activity nucleoside binding phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity protein kinase activity purine nucleoside binding transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
cGMP biosynthetic process cellular metabolic process cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process intracellular signaling pathway metabolic process nitrogen compound metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process nucleoside phosphate metabolic process nucleotide metabolic process phosphate metabolic process phosphorus metabolic process phosphorylation protein amino acid phosphorylation purine nucleotide biosynthetic process purine nucleotide metabolic process signaling signaling pathway
Component
—

Enzyme 108 General Function

Involved in phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity

Enzyme 108 Specific Function

Probably plays a specific functional role in the rods and/or cones of photoreceptors. It may be the enzyme involved in the resynthesis of cGMP required for recovery of the dark state after phototransduction

Enzyme 108 Pathways

Purine Metabolism (map00230 )

Enzyme 108 Reactions

GTP = 3',5'-cyclic GMP + diphosphate [RN:R00434]

Enzyme 108 Pfam Domain Function

ANF_receptor (PF01094 )
Guanylate_cyc (PF00211 )
HNOBA (PF07701 )
Pkinase_Tyr (PF07714 )

Enzyme 108 Signals

1-51

Enzyme 108 Transmembrane Regions

463-487

Enzyme 108 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 108 GenBank ID Protein

2695890

Enzyme 108 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q02846

Enzyme 108 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

GUC2D_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 108 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 108 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 108 Gene Sequence

>3312 bp

ATGACCGCCTGCGCCCGCCGAGCGGGTGGGCTTCCGGACCCCGGGCTCTGCGGTCCCGCG
TGGTGGGCTCCGTCCCTGCCCCGCCTCCCCCGGGCCCTGCCCCGGCTCCCGCTCCTGCTG
CTCCTGCTTCTGCTGCAGCCCCCCGCCCTCTCCGCCGTGTTCACGGTGGGGGTCCTGGGC
CCCTGGGCTTGCGACCCCATCTTCTCTCGGGCTCGCCCGGACCTGGCCGCCCGCCTGGCC
GCCGCCCGCCTGAACCGCGACCCCGGCCTGGCAGGCGGTCCCCGCTTCGAGGTAGCGCTG
CTGCCCGAGCCTTGCCGGACGCCGGGCTCGCTGGGGGCCGTGTCCTCCGCGCTGGCCCGC
GTGTCGGGCCTCGTGGGTCCGGTGAACCCTGCGGCCTGCCGGCCAGCCGAGCTGCTCGCC
GAAGAAGCCGGGATCGCGCTGGTGCCCTGGGGCTGCCCCTGGACGCAGGCGGAGGGCACC
ACGGCCCCTGCCGTGACCCCCGCCGCGGATGCCCTCTACGCCCTGCTTCGCGCATTCGGC
TGGGCGCGCGTGGCCCTGGTCACCGCCCCCCAGGACCTGTGGGTGGAGGCGGGACGCTCA
CTGTCCACGGCACTCAGGGCCCGGGGCCTGCCTGTCGCCTCCGTGACTTCCATGGAGCCC
TTGGACCTGTCTGGAGCCCGGGAGGCCCTGAGGAAGGTTCGGGACGGGCCCAGGGTCACA
GCAGTGATCATGGTGATGCACTCGGTGCTGCTGGGTGGCGAGGAGCAGCGCTACCTCCTG
GAGGCCGCAGAGGAGCTGGGCCTGACCGATGGCTCCCTGGTCTTCCTGCCCTTCGACACG
ATCCACTACGCCTTGTCCCCAGGCCCGGAGGCCTTGGCCGCACTCGCCAACAGCTCCCAG
CTTCGCAGGGCCCACGATGCCGTGCTCACCCTCACGCGCCACTGTCCCTCTGAAGGCAGC
GTGCTGGACAGCCTGCGCAGGGCTCAAGAGCGCCGCGAGCTGCCCTCTGACCTCAATCTG
CAGCAGGTCTCCCCACTCTTTGGCACCATCTATGACGCGGTCTTCTTGCTGGCAAGGGGC
GTGGCAGAAGCGCGGGCTGCCGCAGGTGGCAGATGGGTGTCCGGAGCAGCTGTGGCCCGC
CACATCCGGGATGCGCAGGTCCCTGGCTTCTGCGGGGACCTAGGAGGAGACGAGGAGCCC
CCATTCGTGCTGCTAGACACGGACGCGGCGGGAGACCGGCTTTTTGCCACATACATGCTG
GATCCTGCCCGGGGCTCCTTCCTCTCCGCCGGTACCCGGATGCACTTCCCGCGTGGGGGA
TCAGCACCCGGACCTGACCCCTCGTGCTGGTTCGATCCAAACAACATCTGCGGTGGAGGA
CTGGAGCCGGGCCTCGTCTTTCTTGGCTTCCTCCTGGTGGTTGGGATGGGGCTGGCTGGG
GCCTTCCTGGCCCATTATGTGAGGCACCGGCTACTTCACATGCAAATGGTCTCCGGCCCC
AACAAGATCATCCTGACCGTGGACGACATCACCTTTCTCCACCCACATGGGGGCACCTCT
CGAAAGGTGGCCCAGGGGAGTCGATCAAGTCTGGGTGCCCGCAGCATGTCAGACATTCGC
AGCGGCCCCAGCCAACACTTGGACAGCCCCAACATTGGTGTCTATGAGGGAGACAGGGTT
TGGCTGAAGAAATTCCCAGGGGATCAGCACATAGCTATCCGCCCAGCAACCAAGACGGCC
TTCTCCAAGCTCCAGGAGCTCCGGCATGAGAACGTGGCCCTCTACCTGGGGCTTTTCCTG
GCTCGGGGAGCAGAAGGCCCTGCGGCCCTCTGGGAGGGCAACCTGGCTGTGGTCTCAGAG
CACTGCACGCGGGGCTCTCTTCAGGACCTCCTCGCTCAGAGAGAAATAAAGCTGGACTGG
ATGTTCAAGTCCTCCCTCCTGCTGGACCTTATCAAGGGAATAAGGTATCTGCACCATCGA
GGCGTGGCTCATGGGCGGCTGAAGTCACGGAACTGCATAGTGGATGGCAGATTCGTACTC
AAGATCACTGACCACGGCCACGGGAGACTGCTGGAAGCACAGAAGGTGCTACCGGAGCCT
CCCAGAGCGGAGGACCAGCTGTGGACAGCCCCGGAGCTGCTTAGGGACCCAGCCCTGGAG
CGCCGGGGAACGCTGGCCGGCGACGTCTTTAGCTTGGCCATCATCATGCAAGAAGTAGTG
TGCCGCAGTGCCCCTTATGCCATGCTGGAGCTCACTCCCGAGGAAGTGGTGCAGAGGGTG
CGGAGCCCCCCTCCACTGTGTCGGCCCTTGGTGTCCATGGACCAGGCACCTGTCGAGTGT
ATCCTCCTGATGAAGCAGTGCTGGGCAGAGCAGCCGGAACTTCGGCCCTCCATGGACCAC
ACCTTCGACCTGTTCAAGAACATCAACAAGGGCCGGAAGACGAACATCATTGACTCGATG
CTTCGGATGCTGGAGCAGTACTCTAGTAACCTGGAGGATCTGATCCGGGAGCGCACGGAG
GAGCTGGAGCTGGAAAAGCAGAAGACAGACCGGCTGCTTACACAGATGCTGCCTCCGTCT
GTGGCTGAGGCCTTGAAGACGGGGACACCAGTGGAGCCCGAGTACTTTGAGCAAGTGACA
CTGTACTTTAGTGACATTGTGGGCTTCACCACCATCTCTGCCATGAGTGAGCCCATTGAG
GTTGTGGACCTGCTCAACGATCTCTACACACTCTTTGATGCCATCATTGGTTCCCACGAT
GTCTACAAGGTGGAGACAATAGGGGACGCCTATATGGTGGCCTCGGGGCTGCCCCAGCGG
AATGGGCAGCGACACGCGGCAGAGATCGCCAACATGTCACTGGACATCCTCAGTGCCGTG
GGCACTTTCCGCATGCGCCATATGCCTGAGGTTCCCGTGCGCATCCGCATAGGCCTGCAC
TCGGGTCCATGCGTGGCAGGCGTGGTGGGCCTCACCATGCCGCGGTACTGCCTGTTTGGG
GACACGGTCAACACCGCCTCGCGCATGGAGTCCACCGGGCTGCCTTACCGCATCCACGTG
AACTTGAGCACTGTGGGGATTCTCCGTGCTCTGGACTCGGGCTACCAGGTGGAGCTGCGA
GGCCGCACGGAGCTGAAGGGCAAGGGCGCCGAGGACACTTTCTGGCTAGTGGGCAGACGC
GGCTTCAACAAGCCCATCCCCAAACCGCCTGACCTGCAACCGGGGTCCAGCAACCACGGC
ATCAGCCTGCAGGAGATCCCACCCGAGCGGCGACGGAAGCTGGAGAAGGCGCGGCCGGGC
CAGTTCTCTTGA

Enzyme 108 GenBank Gene ID

AJ222657

Enzyme 108 GeneCard ID

GUCY2D

Enzyme 108 GenAtlas ID

GUCY2D

Enzyme 108 HGNC ID

HGNC:4689

Enzyme 108 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 108 Locus

17p13.1

Enzyme 108 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 108 General References

Shyjan AW, de Sauvage FJ, Gillett NA, Goeddel DV, Lowe DG: Molecular cloning of a retina-specific membrane guanylyl cyclase. Neuron. 1992 Oct;9(4):727-37. [PubMed ]
Oliveira L, Miniou P, Viegas-Pequignot E, Rozet JM, Dollfus H, Pittler SJ: Human retinal guanylate cyclase (GUC2D) maps to chromosome 17p13.1. Genomics. 1994 Jul 15;22(2):478-81. [PubMed ]
Liu Y, Ruoho AE, Rao VD, Hurley JH: Catalytic mechanism of the adenylyl and guanylyl cyclases: modeling and mutational analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Dec 9;94(25):13414-9. [PubMed ]
Perrault I, Rozet JM, Calvas P, Gerber S, Camuzat A, Dollfus H, Chatelin S, Souied E, Ghazi I, Leowski C, Bonnemaison M, Le Paslier D, Frezal J, Dufier JL, Pittler S, Munnich A, Kaplan J: Retinal-specific guanylate cyclase gene mutations in Leber's congenital amaurosis. Nat Genet. 1996 Dec;14(4):461-4. [PubMed ]
Perrault I, Rozet JM, Gerber S, Kelsell RE, Souied E, Cabot A, Hunt DM, Munnich A, Kaplan J: A retGC-1 mutation in autosomal dominant cone-rod dystrophy. Am J Hum Genet. 1998 Aug;63(2):651-4. [PubMed ]
Kelsell RE, Gregory-Evans K, Payne AM, Perrault I, Kaplan J, Yang RB, Garbers DL, Bird AC, Moore AT, Hunt DM: Mutations in the retinal guanylate cyclase (RETGC-1) gene in dominant cone-rod dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet. 1998 Jul;7(7):1179-84. [PubMed ]
Duda T, Venkataraman V, Goraczniak R, Lange C, Koch KW, Sharma RK: Functional consequences of a rod outer segment membrane guanylate cyclase (ROS-GC1) gene mutation linked with Leber's congenital amaurosis. Biochemistry. 1999 Jan 12;38(2):509-15. [PubMed ]
Dharmaraj SR, Silva ER, Pina AL, Li YY, Yang JM, Carter CR, Loyer MK, El-Hilali HK, Traboulsi EK, Sundin OK, Zhu DK, Koenekoop RK, Maumenee IH: Mutational analysis and clinical correlation in Leber congenital amaurosis. Ophthalmic Genet. 2000 Sep;21(3):135-50. [PubMed ]
Koenekoop RK, Fishman GA, Iannaccone A, Ezzeldin H, Ciccarelli ML, Baldi A, Sunness JS, Lotery AJ, Jablonski MM, Pittler SJ, Maumenee I: Electroretinographic abnormalities in parents of patients with Leber congenital amaurosis who have heterozygous GUCY2D mutations. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002 Oct;120(10):1325-30. [PubMed ]
Udar N, Yelchits S, Chalukya M, Yellore V, Nusinowitz S, Silva-Garcia R, Vrabec T, Hussles Maumenee I, Donoso L, Small KW: Identification of GUCY2D gene mutations in CORD5 families and evidence of incomplete penetrance. Hum Mutat. 2003 Feb;21(2):170-1. [PubMed ]
Tucker CL, Ramamurthy V, Pina AL, Loyer M, Dharmaraj S, Li Y, Maumenee IH, Hurley JB, Koenekoop RK: Functional analyses of mutant recessive GUCY2D alleles identified in Leber congenital amaurosis patients: protein domain comparisons and dominant negative effects. Mol Vis. 2004 Apr 20;10:297-303. [PubMed ]
Greenman C, Stephens P, Smith R, Dalgliesh GL, Hunter C, Bignell G, Davies H, Teague J, Butler A, Stevens C, Edkins S, O'Meara S, Vastrik I, Schmidt EE, Avis T, Barthorpe S, Bhamra G, Buck G, Choudhury B, Clements J, Cole J, Dicks E, Forbes S, Gray K, Halliday K, Harrison R, Hills K, Hinton J, Jenkinson A, Jones D, Menzies A, Mironenko T, Perry J, Raine K, Richardson D, Shepherd R, Small A, Tofts C, Varian J, Webb T, West S, Widaa S, Yates A, Cahill DP, Louis DN, Goldstraw P, Nicholson AG, Brasseur F, Looijenga L, Weber BL, Chiew YE, DeFazio A, Greaves MF, Green AR, Campbell P, Birney E, Easton DF, Chenevix-Trench G, Tan MH, Khoo SK, Teh BT, Yuen ST, Leung SY, Wooster R, Futreal PA, Stratton MR: Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes. Nature. 2007 Mar 8;446(7132):153-8. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 108 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 109 [top]

Enzyme 109 ID

6357

Enzyme 109 Name

Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-3

Enzyme 109 Synonyms

GCS-alpha-3
GCS-alpha-1
Soluble guanylate cyclase large subunit

Enzyme 109 Gene Name

GUCY1A3

Enzyme 109 Protein Sequence

>Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-3

MFCTKLKDLKITGECPFSLLAPGQVPNESSEEAAGSSESCKATVPICQDIPEKNIQESLP
QRKTSRSRVYLHTLAESICKLIFPEFERLNVALQRTLAKHKIKESRKSLEREDFEKTIAE
QAVAAGVPVEVIKESLGEEVFKICYEEDENILGVVGGTLKDFLNSFSTLLKQSSHCQEAG
KRGRLEDASILCLDKEDDFLHVYYFFPKRTTSLILPGIIKAAAHVLYETEVEVSLMPPCF
HNDCSEFVNQPYLLYSVHMKSTKPSLSPSKPQSSLVIPTSLFCKTFPFHFMFDKDMTILQ
FGNGIRRLMNRRDFQGKPNFEEYFEILTPKINQTFSGIMTMLNMQFVVRVRRWDNSVKKS
SRVMDLKGQMIYIVESSAILFLGSPCVDRLEDFTGRGLYLSDIPIHNALRDVVLIGEQAR
AQDGLKKRLGKLKATLEQAHQALEEEKKKTVDLLCSIFPCEVAQQLWQGQVVQAKKFSNV
TMLFSDIVGFTAICSQCSPLQVITMLNALYTRFDQQCGELDVYKVETIGDAYCVAGGLHK
ESDTHAVQIALMALKMMELSDEVMSPHGEPIKMRIGLHSGSVFAGVVGVKMPRYCLFGNN
VTLANKFESCSVPRKINVSPTTYRLLKDCPGFVFTPRSREELPPNFPSEIPGICHFLDAY
QQGTNSKPCFQKKDVEDGNANFLGKASGID

Enzyme 109 Number of Residues

690

Enzyme 109 Molecular Weight

77451.8

Enzyme 109 Theoretical pI

7.12

Enzyme 109 GO Classification

Function
binding catalytic activity cation binding cyclase activity guanylate cyclase activity heme binding ion binding iron ion binding lyase activity metal ion binding phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity transition metal ion binding
Process
cGMP biosynthetic process cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process intracellular signaling pathway metabolic process nitrogen compound metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process nucleoside phosphate metabolic process nucleotide metabolic process purine nucleotide biosynthetic process purine nucleotide metabolic process signaling signaling pathway
Component
—

Enzyme 109 General Function

Involved in phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity

Enzyme 109 Specific Function

GTP = 3',5'-cyclic GMP + diphosphate

Enzyme 109 Pathways

Purine Metabolism (map00230 )

Enzyme 109 Reactions

GTP = 3',5'-cyclic GMP + diphosphate [RN:R00434]

Enzyme 109 Pfam Domain Function

Guanylate_cyc (PF00211 )
HNOB (PF07700 )
HNOBA (PF07701 )

Enzyme 109 Signals

None

Enzyme 109 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 109 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 109 GenBank ID Protein

20306359

Enzyme 109 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q02108

Enzyme 109 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

GCYA3_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 109 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 109 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 109 Gene Sequence

>2073 bp

ATGTTCTGCACGAAGCTCAAGGATCTCAAGATCACAGGAGAGTGTCCTTTCTCCTTACTG
GCACCAGGTCAAGTTCCTAACGAGTCTTCAGAGGAGGCAGCAGGAAGCTCAGAGAGCTGC
AAAGCAACCATGCCCATCTGTCAAGACATTCCTGAGAAGAACATACAAGAAAGTCTTCCT
CAAAGAAAAACCAGTCGGAGCCGAGTCTATCTTCACACTTTGGCAGAGAGTATTTGCAAA
CTGATTTTCCCAGAGTTTGAACGGCTGAATGTTGCACTTCAGAGAACATTGGCAAAGCAC
AAAATAAAAGAAAGCAGGAAATCTTTGGAAAGAGAAGACTTTGAAAAAACAATTGCAGAG
CAAGCAGTTGCAGCAGGAGTTCCAGTGGAGGTTATCAAAGAATCTCTTGGTGAAGAGGTT
TTTAAAATATGTTACGAGGAAGATGAAAACATCCTTGGGGTGGTTGGAGGCACCCTTAAA
GATTTTTTAAACAGCTTCAGTACCCTTCTGAAACAGAGCAGCCATTGCCAAGAAGCAGGA
AAAAGGGGCAGGCTTGAGGACGCCTCCATTCTATGCCTGGATAAGGAGGATGATTTTCTA
CATGTTTACTACTTCTTCCCTAAGAGAACCACCTCCCTGATTCTTCCCGGCATCATAAAG
GCAGCTGCTCACGTATTATATGAAACGGAAGTGGAAGTGTCGTTAATGCCTCCCTGCTTC
CATAATGATTGCAGCGAGTTTGTGAATCAGCCCTACTTGTTGTACTCCGTTCACATGAAA
AGCACCAAGCCATCCCTGTCCCCCAGCAAACCCCAGTCCTCGCTGGTGATTCCCACATCG
CTATTCTGCAAGACATTTCCATTCCATTTCATGTTTGACAAAGATATGACAATTCTGCAA
TTTGGCAATGGCATCAGAAGGCTGATGAACAGGAGAGACTTTCAAGGAAAGCCTAATTTT
GAAGAATACTTTGAAATTCTGACTCCAAAAATCAACCAGACGTTTAGCGGGATCATGACT
ATGTTGAATATGCAGTTTGTTGTACGAGTGAGGAGATGGGACAACTCTGTGAAGAAATCT
TCAAGGGTTATGGACCTCAAAGGCCAAATGATCTACATTGTTGAATCCAGTGCAATCTTG
TTTTTGGGGTCACCCTGTGTGGACAGATTAGAAGATTTTACAGGACGAGGGCTCTACCTC
TCAGACATCCCAATTCACAATGCACTGAGGGATGTGGTCTTAATAGGGGAACAAGCCCGA
GCTCAAGATGGCCTGAAGAAGAGGCTGGGGAAGCTGAAGGCTACCCTTGAGCAAGCCCAC
CAAGCCCTGGAGGAGGAGAAGAAAAAGACAGTAGACCTTCTGTGCTCCATATTTCCCTGT
GAGGTTGCTCAGCAGCTGTGGCAAGGGCAAGTTGTGCAAGCCAAGAAGTTCAGTAATGTC
ACCATGCTCTTCTCAGACATCGTTGGGTTCACTGCCATCTGCTCCCAGTGCTCACCGCTG
CAGGTCATCACCATGCTCAATGCACTGTACACTCGCTTCGACCAGCAGTGTGGAGAGCTG
GATGTCTACAAGGTGGAGACCATTGGCGATGCCTATTGTGTAGCTGGGGGATTACACAAA
GAGAGTGATACTCATGCTGTTCAGATAGCGCTGATGGCCGTGAAGATGATGGAGCTCTCT
GATGAAGTTATGTCTCCCCATGGAGAACCTATCAAGATGCGAATTGGACTGCACTCTGGA
TCAGTTTTTGCTGGCGTCGTTGGAGTTAAAATGCCCCGTTACTGTCTTTTTGGAAACAAT
GTCACTCTGGCTAACAAATTTGAGTCCTGCAGTGTACCACGAAAAATCAATGTCAGCCCA
ACAACTTACAGATTACTCAAAGACTGTCCTGGTTTCGTGTTTACCCCTCGATCAAGGGAG
GAACTTCCACCAAACTTCCCTAGTGAAATCCCCGGAATCTGCCATTTTCTGGATGCTTAC
CAACAAGGAACAAACTCAAAACCATGCTTCCAAAAGAAAGATGTGGAAGATGGCAATGCC
AATTTTTTAGGCAAAGCATCAGGAATAGATTAG

Enzyme 109 GenBank Gene ID

BC028384

Enzyme 109 GeneCard ID

GUCY1A3

Enzyme 109 GenAtlas ID

GUCY1A3

Enzyme 109 HGNC ID

HGNC:4685

Enzyme 109 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 109 Locus

4q31.3-q33|4q31.1-q31.2

Enzyme 109 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 109 General References

Giuili G, Scholl U, Bulle F, Guellaen G: Molecular cloning of the cDNAs coding for the two subunits of soluble guanylyl cyclase from human brain. FEBS Lett. 1992 Jun 8;304(1):83-8. [PubMed ]
Zabel U, Weeger M, La M, Schmidt HH: Human soluble guanylate cyclase: functional expression and revised isoenzyme family. Biochem J. 1998 Oct 1;335 ( Pt 1):51-7. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 109 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 110 [top]

Enzyme 110 ID

6358

Enzyme 110 Name

Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1

Enzyme 110 Synonyms

Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor type A
ANP-A
ANPR-A
NPR-A
Guanylate cyclase A
GC-A

Enzyme 110 Gene Name

NPR1

Enzyme 110 Protein Sequence

>Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1

MPGPRRPAGSRLRLLLLLLLPPLLLLLRGSHAGNLTVAVVLPLANTSYPWSWARVGPAVE
LALAQVKARPDLLPGWTVRTVLGSSENALGVCSDTAAPLAAVDLKWEHNPAVFLGPGCVY
AAAPVGRFTAHWRVPLLTAGAPALGFGVKDEYALTTRAGPSYAKLGDFVAALHRRLGWER
QALMLYAYRPGDEEHCFFLVEGLFMRVRDRLNITVDHLEFAEDDLSHYTRLLRTMPRKGR
VIYICSSPDAFRTLMLLALEAGLCGEDYVFFHLDIFGQSLQGGQGPAPRRPWERGDGQDV
SARQAFQAAKIITYKDPDNPEYLEFLKQLKHLAYEQFNFTMEDGLVNTIPASFHDGLLLY
IQAVTETLAHGGTVTDGENITQRMWNRSFQGVTGYLKIDSSGDRETDFSLWDMDPENGAF
RVVLNYNGTSQELVAVSGRKLNWPLGYPPPDIPKCGFDNEDPACNQDHLSTLEVLALVGS
LSLLGILIVSFFIYRKMQLEKELASELWRVRWEDVEPSSLERHLRSAGSRLTLSGRGSNY
GSLLTTEGQFQVFAKTAYYKGNLVAVKRVNRKRIELTRKVLFELKHMRDVQNEHLTRFVG
ACTDPPNICILTEYCPRGSLQDILENESITLDWMFRYSLTNDIVKGMLFLHNGAICSHGN
LKSSNCVVDGRFVLKITDYGLESFRDLDPEQGHTVYAKKLWTAPELLRMASPPVRGSQAG
DVYSFGIILQEIALRSGVFHVEGLDLSPKEIIERVTRGEQPPFRPSLALQSHLEELGLLM
QRCWAEDPQERPPFQQIRLTLRKFNRENSSNILDNLLSRMEQYANNLEELVEERTQAYLE
EKRKAEALLYQILPHSVAEQLKRGETVQAEAFDSVTIYFSDIVGFTALSAESTPMQVVTL
LNDLYTCFDAVIDNFDVYKVETIGDAYMVVSGLPVRNGRLHACEVARMALALLDAVRSFR
IRHRPQEQLRLRIGIHTGPVCAGVVGLKMPRYCLFGDTVNTASRMESNGEALKIHLSSET
KAVLEEFGGFELELRGDVEMKGKGKVRTYWLLGERGSSTRG

Enzyme 110 Number of Residues

1061

Enzyme 110 Molecular Weight

118918.1

Enzyme 110 Theoretical pI

6.61

Enzyme 110 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding binding catalytic activity kinase activity lyase activity molecular transducer activity nucleoside binding peptide receptor activity peptide receptor activity, G-protein coupled phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity protein kinase activity purine nucleoside binding receptor activity signal transducer activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
cellular metabolic process cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process intracellular signaling pathway metabolic process nitrogen compound metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process nucleoside phosphate metabolic process nucleotide metabolic process phosphate metabolic process phosphorus metabolic process phosphorylation protein amino acid phosphorylation signaling signaling pathway
Component
cell part membrane

Enzyme 110 General Function

Involved in phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity

Enzyme 110 Specific Function

Receptor for the atrial natriuretic peptide NPPA/ANP and the brain natriuretic peptide NPPB/BNP which are potent vasoactive hormones playing a key role in cardiovascular homeostasis. Has guanylate cyclase activity upon binding of the ligand

Enzyme 110 Pathways

Purine Metabolism (map00230 )

Enzyme 110 Reactions

GTP = 3',5'-cyclic GMP + diphosphate [RN:R00434]

Enzyme 110 Pfam Domain Function

ANF_receptor (PF01094 )
Guanylate_cyc (PF00211 )
Pkinase_Tyr (PF07714 )

Enzyme 110 Signals

1-32

Enzyme 110 Transmembrane Regions

474-494

Enzyme 110 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 110 GenBank ID Protein

3297986

Enzyme 110 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P16066

Enzyme 110 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

ANPRA_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 110 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 110 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 110 Gene Sequence

>3186 bp

ATGCCGGGGCCCCGGCGCCCCGCTGGCTCCCGCCTGCGCCTGCTCCTGCTCCTGCTGCTG
CCGCCGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTCCGGGGCAGCCACGCGGGCAACCTGACGGTAGCCGTGGTA
CTGCCGCTGGCCAATACCTCGTACCCCTGGTCGTGGGCGCGCGTGGGACCCGCCGTGGAG
CTGGCCTTGGCCCAGGTGAAGGCGCGCCCCGACTTGCTGCCGGGCTGGACGGTCCGCACG
GTGCTGGGCAGCAGCGAAAACGCGCTGGGCGTCTGCTCCGACACCGCAGCGCCCCTGGCC
GCGGTGGACCTCAAGTGGGAGCACAACCCCGCTGTGTTCCTGGGCCCCGGCTGCGTGTAC
GCCGCCGCCCCAGTGGGGCGCTTCACCGCGCACTGGCGGGTCCCGCTGCTGACCGCCGGC
GCCCCGGCGCTGGGCTTCGGTGTCAAGGACGAGTATGCGCTGACCACCCGCGCGGGGCCC
AGCTACGCCAAGCTGGGGGACTTCGTGGCGGCGCTGCACCGACGGCTGGGCTGGGAGCGC
CAAGCGCTCATGCTCTACGCCTACCGGCCGGGTGACGAAGAGCACTGCTTCTTCCTCGTG
GAGGGGCTGTTCATGCGGGTCCGCGACCGCCTCAATATTACGGTGGACCACCTGGAGTTC
GCCGAGGACGACCTCAGCCACTACACCAGGCTGCTGCGGACCATGCCGCGCAAAGGCCGA
GTTATCTACATCTGCAGCTCCCCTGATGCCTTCAGAACCCTCATGCTCCTGGCCCTGGAA
GCTGGCTTGTGTGGGGAGGACTACGTTTTCTTCCACCTGGATATCTTTGGGCAAAGCCTG
CAAGGTGGACAGGGCCCTGCTCCCCGCAGGCCCTGGGAGAGAGGGGATGGGCAGGATGTC
AGTGCCCGCCAGGCCTTTCAGGCTGCCAAAATCATTACATATAAAGACCCAGATAATCCC
GAGTACTTGGAATTCCTGAAGCAGTTAAAACACCTGGCCTATGAGCAGTTCAACTTCACC
ATGGAGGATGGCCTGGTGAACACCATCCCAGCATCCTTCCACGACGGGCTCCTGCTCTAT
ATCCAGGCAGTGACGGAGACTCTGGCACATGGGGGAACTGTTACTGATGGGGAGAACATC
ACTCAGCGGATGTGGAACCGAAGCTTTCAAGGTGTGACAGGATACCTGAAAATTGATAGC
AGTGGCGATCGGGAAACAGACTTCTCCCTCTGGGATATGGATCCCGAGAATGGTGCCTTC
AGGGTTGTACTGAACTACAATGGGACTTCCCAAGAGCTGGTGGCTGTGTCGGGGCGCAAA
CTGAACTGGCCCCTGGGGTACCCTCCTCCTGACATCCCCAAATGTGGCTTTGACAACGAA
GACCCAGCATGCAACCAAGATCACCTTTCCACCCTGGAGGTGCTGGCTTTGGTGGGCAGC
CTCTCCTTGCTCGGCATTCTGATTGTCTCCTTCTTCATATACAGGAAGATGCAGCTGGAG
AAGGAACTGGCCTCGGAGCTGTGGCGGGTGCGCTGGGAGGACGTTGAGCCCAGTAGCCTT
GAGAGGCACCTGCGGAGTGCAGGCAGCCGGCTGACCCTGAGCGGGAGAGGCTCCAATTAC
GGCTCCCTGCTAACCACAGAGGGCCAGTTCCAAGTCTTTGCCAAGACAGCATATTATAAG
GGCAACCTCGTGGCTGTGAAACGTGTGAACCGTAAACGCATTGAGCTGACACGAAAAGTC
CTGTTTGAACTGAAGCATATGCGGGATGTGCAGAATGAACACCTGACCAGGTTTGTGGGA
GCCTGCACCGACCCCCCCAATATCTGCATCCTCACAGAGTACTGTCCCCGTGGGAGCCTG
CAGGACATTCTGGAGAATGAGAGCATCACCCTGGACTGGATGTTCCGGTACTCACTCACC
AATGACATCGTCAAGGGCATGCTGTTTCTACACAATGGGGCTATCTGTTCCCATGGGAAC
CTCAAGTCATCCAACTGCGTGGTAGATGGGCGCTTTGTGCTCAAGATCACCGACTATGGG
CTGGAGAGCTTCAGGGACCTGGACCCAGAGCAAGGACACACCGTTTATGCCAAAAAGCTG
TGGACGGCCCCTGAGCTCCTGCGAATGGCTTCACCCCCTGTGCGGGGCTCCCAGGCTGGT
GACGTATACAGCTTTGGGATCATCCTTCAGGAGATTGCCCTGAGGAGTGGGGTCTTCCAC
GTGGAAGGTTTGGACCTGAGCCCCAAAGAGATCATCGAGCGGGTGACTCGGGGTGAGCAG
CCCCCCTTCCGGCCCTCCCTGGCCCTGCAGAGTCACCTGGAGGAGTTGGGGCTGCTCATG
CAGCGGTGCTGGGCTGAGGACCCACAGGAGAGGCCACCATTCCAGCAGATCCGCCTGACG
TTGCGCAAATTTAACAGGGAGAACAGCAGCAACATCCTGGACAACCTGCTGTCCCGCATG
GAGCAGTACGCGAACAATCTGGAGGAACTGGTGGAGGAGCGGACCCAGGCATACCTGGAG
GAGAAGCGCAAGGCTGAGGCCCTGCTCTACCAGATCCTGCCTCACTCAGTGGCTGAGCAG
CTGAAGCGTGGGGAGACGGTGCAGGCCGAAGCCTTTGACAGTGTTACCATCTACTTCAGT
GACATTGTGGGTTTCACAGCGCTGTCGGCGGAGAGCACACCCATGCAGGTGGTGACCCTG
CTCAATGACCTGTACACTTGCTTTGATGCTGTCATAGACAACTTTGATGTGTACAAGGTG
GAGACAATTGGCGATGCCTACATGGTGGTGTCAGGGCTCCCTGTGCGGAACGGGCGGCTA
CACGCCTGCGAGGTAGCCCGCATGGCCCTGGCACTGCTGGATGCTGTGCGCTCCTTCCGA
ATCCGCCACCGGCCCCAGGAGCAGCTGCGCTTGCGCATTGGCATCCACACAGGACCTGTG
TGTGCTGGAGTGGTGGGACTGAAGATGCCCCGTTACTGTCTCTTTGGGGATACAGTCAAC
ACAGCCTCAAGAATGGAGTCTAATGGGGAAGCCCTGAAGATCCACTTGTCTTCTGAGACC
AAGGCTGTCCTGGAGGAGTTTGGTGGTTTCGAGCTGGAGCTTCGAGGGGATGTAGAAATG
AAGGGCAAAGGCAAGGTTCGGACCTACTGGCTCCTTGGGGAGAGGGGGAGTAGCACCCGA
GGCTGA

Enzyme 110 GenBank Gene ID

AB010491

Enzyme 110 GeneCard ID

NPR1

Enzyme 110 GenAtlas ID

NPR1

Enzyme 110 HGNC ID

HGNC:7943

Enzyme 110 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 110 Locus

1q21-q22

Enzyme 110 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 110 General References

Lowe DG, Chang MS, Hellmiss R, Chen E, Singh S, Garbers DL, Goeddel DV: Human atrial natriuretic peptide receptor defines a new paradigm for second messenger signal transduction. EMBO J. 1989 May;8(5):1377-84. [PubMed ]
Takahashi Y, Nakayama T, Soma M, Izumi Y, Kanmatsuse K: Organization of the human natriuretic peptide receptor A gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 May 29;246(3):736-9. [PubMed ]
Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Pardhasaradhi K, Kutty RK, Gentleman S, Krishna G: Expression of mRNA for atrial natriuretic peptide receptor guanylate cyclase (ANPRA) in human retina. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 1994 Feb;14(1):1-7. [PubMed ]
Bennett BD, Bennett GL, Vitangcol RV, Jewett JR, Burnier J, Henzel W, Lowe DG: Extracellular domain-IgG fusion proteins for three human natriuretic peptide receptors. Hormone pharmacology and application to solid phase screening of synthetic peptide antisera. J Biol Chem. 1991 Dec 5;266(34):23060-7. [PubMed ]
Koller KJ, Lowe DG, Bennett GL, Minamino N, Kangawa K, Matsuo H, Goeddel DV: Selective activation of the B natriuretic peptide receptor by C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). Science. 1991 Apr 5;252(5002):120-3. [PubMed ]
Greenman C, Stephens P, Smith R, Dalgliesh GL, Hunter C, Bignell G, Davies H, Teague J, Butler A, Stevens C, Edkins S, O'Meara S, Vastrik I, Schmidt EE, Avis T, Barthorpe S, Bhamra G, Buck G, Choudhury B, Clements J, Cole J, Dicks E, Forbes S, Gray K, Halliday K, Harrison R, Hills K, Hinton J, Jenkinson A, Jones D, Menzies A, Mironenko T, Perry J, Raine K, Richardson D, Shepherd R, Small A, Tofts C, Varian J, Webb T, West S, Widaa S, Yates A, Cahill DP, Louis DN, Goldstraw P, Nicholson AG, Brasseur F, Looijenga L, Weber BL, Chiew YE, DeFazio A, Greaves MF, Green AR, Campbell P, Birney E, Easton DF, Chenevix-Trench G, Tan MH, Khoo SK, Teh BT, Yuen ST, Leung SY, Wooster R, Futreal PA, Stratton MR: Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes. Nature. 2007 Mar 8;446(7132):153-8. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 110 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 111 [top]

Enzyme 111 ID

6359

Enzyme 111 Name

Heat-stable enterotoxin receptor

Enzyme 111 Synonyms

STA receptor
hSTAR
Guanylyl cyclase C
GC-C
Intestinal guanylate cyclase

Enzyme 111 Gene Name

GUCY2C

Enzyme 111 Protein Sequence

>Heat-stable enterotoxin receptor

MKTLLLDLALWSLLFQPGWLSFSSQVSQNCHNGSYEISVLMMGNSAFAEPLKNLEDAVNE
GLEIVRGRLQNAGLNVTVNATFMYSDGLIHNSGDCRSSTCEGLDLLRKISNAQRMGCVLI
GPSCTYSTFQMYLDTELSYPMISAGSFGLSCDYKETLTRLMSPARKLMYFLVNFWKTNDL
PFKTYSWSTSYVYKNGTETEDCFWYLNALEASVSYFSHELGFKVVLRQDKEFQDILMDHN
RKSNVIIMCGGPEFLYKLKGDRAVAEDIVIILVDLFNDQYLEDNVTAPDYMKNVLVLTLS
PGNSLLNSSFSRNLSPTKRDFALAYLNGILLFGHMLKIFLENGENITTPKFAHAFRNLTF
EGYDGPVTLDDWGDVDSTMVLLYTSVDTKKYKVLLTYDTHVNKTYPVDMSPTFTWKNSKL
PNDITGRGPQILMIAVFTLTGAVVLLLLVALLMLRKYRKDYELRQKKWSHIPPENIFPLE
TNETNHVSLKIDDDKRRDTIQRLRQCKYDKKRVILKDLKHNDGNFTEKQKIELNKLLQID
YYNLTKFYGTVKLDTMIFGVIEYCERGSLREVLNDTISYPDGTFMDWEFKISVLYDIAKG
MSYLHSSKTEVHGRLKSTNCVVDSRMVVKITDFGCNSILPPKKDLWTAPEHLRQANISQK
GDVYSYGIIAQEIILRKETFYTLSCRDRNEKIFRVENSNGMKPFRPDLFLETAEEKELEV
YLLVKNCWEEDPEKRPDFKKIETTLAKIFGLFHDQKNESYMDTLIRRLQLYSRNLEHLVE
ERTQLYKAERDRADRLNFMLLPRLVVKSLKEKGFVEPELYEEVTIYFSDIVGFTTICKYS
TPMEVVDMLNDIYKSFDHIVDHHDVYKVETIGDAYMVASGLPKRNGNRHAIDIAKMALEI
LSFMGTFELEHLPGLPIWIRIGVHSGPCAAGVVGIKMPRYCLFGDTVNTASRMESTGLPL
RIHVSGSTIAILKRTECQFLYEVRGETYLKGRGNETTYWLTGMKDQKFNLPTPPTVENQQ
RLQAEFSDMIANSLQKRQAAGIRSQKPRRVASYKKGTLEYLQLNTTDKESTYF

Enzyme 111 Number of Residues

1073

Enzyme 111 Molecular Weight

123367.7

Enzyme 111 Theoretical pI

7.18

Enzyme 111 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding binding catalytic activity kinase activity lyase activity nucleoside binding phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity protein kinase activity purine nucleoside binding transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
cellular metabolic process cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process intracellular signaling pathway metabolic process nitrogen compound metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process nucleoside phosphate metabolic process nucleotide metabolic process phosphate metabolic process phosphorus metabolic process phosphorylation protein amino acid phosphorylation signaling signaling pathway
Component
—

Enzyme 111 General Function

Involved in phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity

Enzyme 111 Specific Function

Receptor for the E.coli heat-stable enterotoxin (E.coli enterotoxin markedly stimulates the accumulation of cGMP in mammalian cells expressing GC-C). Also activated by the endogenous peptide guanylin

Enzyme 111 Pathways

Purine Metabolism (map00230 )

Enzyme 111 Reactions

GTP = 3',5'-cyclic GMP + diphosphate [RN:R00434]

Enzyme 111 Pfam Domain Function

ANF_receptor (PF01094 )
Guanylate_cyc (PF00211 )
Pkinase_Tyr (PF07714 )

Enzyme 111 Signals

1-23

Enzyme 111 Transmembrane Regions

431-454

Enzyme 111 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 111 GenBank ID Protein

222080083

Enzyme 111 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P25092

Enzyme 111 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

GUC2C_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 111 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 111 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 111 Gene Sequence

>3222 bp

ATGAAGACGTTGCTGTTGGACTTGGCTTTGTGGTCACTGCTCTTCCAGCCCGGGTGGCTG
TCCTTTAGTTCCCAGGTGAGTCAGAACTGCCACAATGGCAGCTATGAAATCAGCGTCCTG
ATGATGGGCAACTCAGCCTTTGCAGAGCCCCTGAAAAACTTGGAAGATGCGGTGAATGAG
GGGCTGGAAATAGTGAGAGGACGTCTGCAAAATGCTGGCCTAAATGTGACTGTGAACGCT
ACTTTCATGTATTCGGATGGTCTGATTCATAACTCAGGCGACTGCCGGAGTAGCACCTGT
GAAGGCCTCGACCTACTCAGGAAAATTTCAAATGCACAACGGATGGGCTGTGTCCTCATA
GGGCCCTCATGTACATACTCCACCTTCCAGATGTACCTTGACACAGAATTGAGCTACCCC
ATGATCTCAGCTGGAAGTTTTGGATTGTCATGTGACTATAAAGAAACCTTAACCAGGCTG
ATGTCTCCAGCTAGAAAGTTGATGTACTTCTTGGTTAACTTTTGGAAAACCAACGATCTG
CCCTTCAAAACTTATTCCTGGAGCACTTCGTATGTTTACAAGAATGGTACAGAAACTGAG
GACTGTTTCTGGTACCTTAATGCTCTGGAGGCTAGCGTTTCCTATTTCTCCCACGAACTC
GGCTTTAAGGTGGTGTTAAGACAAGATAAGGAGTTTCAGGATATCTTAATGGACCACAAC
AGGAAAAGCAATGTGATTATTATGTGTGGTGGTCCAGAGTTCCTCTACAAGCTGAAGGGT
GACCGAGCAGTGGCTGAAGACATTGTCATTATTCTAGTGGATCTTTTCAATGACCAGTAC
TTTGAGGACAATGTCACAGCCCCTGACTATATGAAAAATGTCCTTGTTCTGACGCTGTCT
CCTGGGAATTCCCTTCTAAATAGCTCTTTCTCCAGGAATCTATCACCAACAAAACGAGAC
TTTGCTCTTGCCTATTTGAATGGAATCCTGCTCTTTGGACATATGCTGAAGATATTTCTT
GAAAATGGAGAAAATATTACCACCCCCAAATTTGCTCATGCTTTCAGGAATCTCACTTTT
GAAGGGTATGACGGTCCAGTGACCTTGGATGACTGGGGGGATGTTGACAGTACCATGGTG
CTTCTGTATACCTCTGTGGACACCAAGAAATACAAGGTTCTTTTGACCTATGATACCCAC
GTAAATAAGACCTATCCTGTGGATATGAGCCCCACATTCACTTGGAAGAACTCTAAACTT
CCTAATGATATTACAGGCCGGGGCCCTCAGATCCTGATGATTGCAGTCTTCACCCTCACT
GGAGCTGTGGTGCTGCTCCTGCTCGTCGCTCTCCTGATGCTCAGAAAATATAGAAAAGAT
TATGAACTTCGTCAGAAAAAATGGTCCCACATTCCTCCTGAAAATATCTTTCCTCTGGAG
ACCAATGAGACCAATCATGTTAGCCTCAAGATCGATGATGACAAAAGACGAGATACAATC
CAGAGACTACGACAGTGCAAATACGACAAAAAGCGAGTGATTCTCAAAGATCTCAAGCAC
AATGATGGTAATTTCACTGAAAAACAGAAGATAGAATTGAACAAGTTGCTTCAGATTGAC
TATTACAACCTGACCAAGTTCTACGGCACAGTGAAACTTGATACCATGATCTTCGGGGTG
ATAGAATACTGTGAGAGAGGATCCCTCCGGGAAGTTTTAAATGACACAATTTCCTACCCT
GATGGCACATTCATGGATTGGGAGTTTAAGATCTCTGTCTTGTATGACATTGCTAAGGGA
ATGTCATATCTGCACTCCAGTAAGACAGAAGTCCATGGTCGTCTGAAATCTACCAACTGC
GTAGTGGACAGTAGAATGGTGGTGAAGATCACTGATTTTGGCTGCAATTCCATTTTACCT
CCAAAAAAGGACCTGTGGACAGCTCCAGAGCACCTCCGCCAAGCCAACATCTCTCAGAAA
GGAGATGTGTACAGCTATGGGATCATCGCACAGGAGATCATCCTGCGGAAAGAAACCTTC
TACACTTTGAGCTGTCGGGACCGGAATGAGAAGATTTTCAGAGTGGAAAATTCCAATGGA
ATGAAACCCTTCCGCCCAGATTTATTCTTGGAAACAGCAGAGGAAAAAGAGCTAGAAGTG
TACCTACTTGTAAAAAACTGTTGGGAGGAAGATCCAGAAAAGAGACCAGATTTCAAAAAA
ATTGAGACTACACTTGCCAAGATATTTGGACTTTTTCATGACCAAAAAAATGAAAGCTAT
ATGGATACCTTGATCCGACGTCTACAGCTATATTCTCGAAACCTGGAACATCTGGTAGAG
GAAAGGACACAGCTGTACAAGGCAGAGAGGGACAGGGCTGACAGACTTAACTTTATGTTG
CTTCCAAGGCTAGTGGTAAAGTCTCTGAAGGAGAAAGGCTTTGTGGAGCCGGAACTATAT
GAGGAAGTTACAATCTACTTCAGTGACATTGTAGGTTTCACTACTATCTGCAAATACAGC
ACCCCCATGGAAGTGGTGGACATGCTTAATGACATCTATAAGAGTTTTGACCACATTGTT
GATCATCATGATGTCTACAAGGTGGAAACCATCGGTGATGCGTACATGGTGGCTAGTGGT
TTGCCTAAGAGAAATGGCAATCGGCATGCAATAGACATTGCCAAGATGGCCTTGGAAATC
CTCAGCTTCATGGGGACCTTTGAGCTGGAGCATCTTCCTGGCCTCCCAATATGGATTCGC
ATTGGAGTTCACTCTGGTCCCTGTGCTGCTGGAGTTGTGGGAATCAAGATGCCTCGTTAT
TGTCTATTTGGAGATACGGTCAACACAGCCTCTAGGATGGAATCCACTGGCCTCCCTTTG
AGAATTCACGTGAGTGGCTCCACCATAGCCATCCTGAAGAGAACTGAGTGCCAGTTCCTT
TATGAAGTGAGAGGAGAAACATACTTAAAGGGAAGAGGAAATGAGACTACCTACTGGCTG
ACTGGGATGAAGGACCAGAAATTCAACCTGCCAACCCCTCCTACTGTGGAGAATCAACAG
CGTTTGCAAGCAGAATTTTCAGACATGATTGCCAACTCTTTACAGAAAAGACAGGCAGCA
GGGATAAGAAGCCAAAAACCCAGACGGGTAGCCAGCTATAAAAAAGGCACTCTGGAATAC
TTGCAGCTGAATACCACAGACAAGGAGAGCACCTATTTTTAA

Enzyme 111 GenBank Gene ID

NM_004963.3 Link Image

Enzyme 111 GeneCard ID

GUCY2C

Enzyme 111 GenAtlas ID

GUCY2C

Enzyme 111 HGNC ID

HGNC:4688

Enzyme 111 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 111 Locus

12p12

Enzyme 111 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 111 General References

de Sauvage FJ, Camerato TR, Goeddel DV: Primary structure and functional expression of the human receptor for Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin. J Biol Chem. 1991 Sep 25;266(27):17912-8. [PubMed ]
Singh S, Singh G, Heim JM, Gerzer R: Isolation and expression of a guanylate cyclase-coupled heat stable enterotoxin receptor cDNA from a human colonic cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Sep 30;179(3):1455-63. [PubMed ]
Scherer SE, Muzny DM, Buhay CJ, Chen R, Cree A, Ding Y, Dugan-Rocha S, Gill R, Gunaratne P, Harris RA, Hawes AC, Hernandez J, Hodgson AV, Hume J, Jackson A, Khan ZM, Kovar-Smith C, Lewis LR, Lozado RJ, Metzker ML, Milosavljevic A, Miner GR, Montgomery KT, Morgan MB, Nazareth LV, Scott G, Sodergren E, Song XZ, Steffen D, Lovering RC, Wheeler DA, Worley KC, Yuan Y, Zhang Z, Adams CQ, Ansari-Lari MA, Ayele M, Brown MJ, Chen G, Chen Z, Clerc-Blankenburg KP, Davis C, Delgado O, Dinh HH, Draper H, Gonzalez-Garay ML, Havlak P, Jackson LR, Jacob LS, Kelly SH, Li L, Li Z, Liu J, Liu W, Lu J, Maheshwari M, Nguyen BV, Okwuonu GO, Pasternak S, Perez LM, Plopper FJ, Santibanez J, Shen H, Tabor PE, Verduzco D, Waldron L, Wang Q, Williams GA, Zhang J, Zhou J, Allen CC, Amin AG, Anyalebechi V, Bailey M, Barbaria JA, Bimage KE, Bryant NP, Burch PE, Burkett CE, Burrell KL, Calderon E, Cardenas V, Carter K, Casias K, Cavazos I, Cavazos SR, Ceasar H, Chacko J, Chan SN, Chavez D, Christopoulos C, Chu J, Cockrell R, Cox CD, Dang M, Dathorne SR, David R, Davis CM, Davy-Carroll L, Deshazo DR, Donlin JE, D'Souza L, Eaves KA, Egan A, Emery-Cohen AJ, Escotto M, Flagg N, Forbes LD, Gabisi AM, Garza M, Hamilton C, Henderson N, Hernandez O, Hines S, Hogues ME, Huang M, Idlebird DG, Johnson R, Jolivet A, Jones S, Kagan R, King LM, Leal B, Lebow H, Lee S, LeVan JM, Lewis LC, London P, Lorensuhewa LM, Loulseged H, Lovett DA, Lucier A, Lucier RL, Ma J, Madu RC, Mapua P, Martindale AD, Martinez E, Massey E, Mawhiney S, Meador MG, Mendez S, Mercado C, Mercado IC, Merritt CE, Miner ZL, Minja E, Mitchell T, Mohabbat F, Mohabbat K, Montgomery B, Moore N, Morris S, Munidasa M, Ngo RN, Nguyen NB, Nickerson E, Nwaokelemeh OO, Nwokenkwo S, Obregon M, Oguh M, Oragunye N, Oviedo RJ, Parish BJ, Parker DN, Parrish J, Parks KL, Paul HA, Payton BA, Perez A, Perrin W, Pickens A, Primus EL, Pu LL, Puazo M, Quiles MM, Quiroz JB, Rabata D, Reeves K, Ruiz SJ, Shao H, Sisson I, Sonaike T, Sorelle RP, Sutton AE, Svatek AF, Svetz LA, Tamerisa KS, Taylor TR, Teague B, Thomas N, Thorn RD, Trejos ZY, Trevino BK, Ukegbu ON, Urban JB, Vasquez LI, Vera VA, Villasana DM, Wang L, Ward-Moore S, Warren JT, Wei X, White F, Williamson AL, Wleczyk R, Wooden HS, Wooden SH, Yen J, Yoon L, Yoon V, Zorrilla SE, Nelson D, Kucherlapati R, Weinstock G, Gibbs RA: The finished DNA sequence of human chromosome 12. Nature. 2006 Mar 16;440(7082):346-51. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Mann EA, Jump ML, Glenella RA: Cell line-specific transcriptional activation of the promoter of the human guanylyl cyclase C/heat-stable enterotoxin/receptor gene. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996 Feb 7;1305(1-2):7-10. [PubMed ]
Mann EA, Cohen MB, Giannella RA: Comparison of receptors for Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin: novel receptor present in IEC-6 cells. Am J Physiol. 1993 Jan;264(1 Pt 1):G172-8. [PubMed ]
Scott RO, Thelin WR, Milgram SL: A novel PDZ protein regulates the activity of guanylyl cyclase C, the heat-stable enterotoxin receptor. J Biol Chem. 2002 Jun 21;277(25):22934-41. Epub 2002 Apr 11. [PubMed ]
Greenman C, Stephens P, Smith R, Dalgliesh GL, Hunter C, Bignell G, Davies H, Teague J, Butler A, Stevens C, Edkins S, O'Meara S, Vastrik I, Schmidt EE, Avis T, Barthorpe S, Bhamra G, Buck G, Choudhury B, Clements J, Cole J, Dicks E, Forbes S, Gray K, Halliday K, Harrison R, Hills K, Hinton J, Jenkinson A, Jones D, Menzies A, Mironenko T, Perry J, Raine K, Richardson D, Shepherd R, Small A, Tofts C, Varian J, Webb T, West S, Widaa S, Yates A, Cahill DP, Louis DN, Goldstraw P, Nicholson AG, Brasseur F, Looijenga L, Weber BL, Chiew YE, DeFazio A, Greaves MF, Green AR, Campbell P, Birney E, Easton DF, Chenevix-Trench G, Tan MH, Khoo SK, Teh BT, Yuen ST, Leung SY, Wooster R, Futreal PA, Stratton MR: Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes. Nature. 2007 Mar 8;446(7132):153-8. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 111 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 112 [top]

Enzyme 112 ID

6360

Enzyme 112 Name

Inorganic pyrophosphatase

Enzyme 112 Synonyms

Pyrophosphate phospho-hydrolase
PPase

Enzyme 112 Gene Name

PPA1

Enzyme 112 Protein Sequence

>Inorganic pyrophosphatase

MSGFSTEERAAPFSLEYRVFLKNEKGQYISPFHDIPIYADKDVFHMVVEVPRWSNAKMEI
ATKDPLNPIKQDVKKGKLRYVANLFPYKGYIWNYGAIPQTWEDPGHNDKHTGCCGDNDPI
DVCEIGSKVCARGEIIGVKVLGILAMIDEGETDWKVIAINVDDPDAANYNDINDVKRLKP
GYLEATVDWFRRYKVPDGKPENEFAFNAEFKDKDFAIDIIKSTHDHWKALVTKKTNGKGI
SCMNTTLSESPFKCDPDAARAIVDALPPPCESACTVPTDVDKWFHHQKN

Enzyme 112 Number of Residues

289

Enzyme 112 Molecular Weight

32659.8

Enzyme 112 Theoretical pI

5.64

Enzyme 112 GO Classification

Function
binding catalytic activity cation binding hydrolase activity hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in phosphorus-containing anhydrides inorganic diphosphatase activity ion binding magnesium ion binding metal ion binding pyrophosphatase activity
Process
cellular metabolic process metabolic process phosphate metabolic process phosphorus metabolic process
Component
cell part cytoplasm intracellular part

Enzyme 112 General Function

Involved in magnesium ion binding

Enzyme 112 Specific Function

Diphosphate + H(2)O = 2 phosphate

Enzyme 112 Pathways

Oxidative phosphorylation (map00190 )

Enzyme 112 Reactions

diphosphate + H2O = 2 phosphate [RN:R00004]

Enzyme 112 Pfam Domain Function

Pyrophosphatase (PF00719 )

Enzyme 112 Signals

None

Enzyme 112 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 112 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 112 GenBank ID Protein

Not Available

Enzyme 112 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q15181

Enzyme 112 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

IPYR_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 112 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 112 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 112 Gene Sequence

>870 bp

ATGAGCGGCTTCAGCACCGAGGAGCGCGCCGCGCCCTTCTCCCTGGAGTACCGAGTCTTC
CTCAAAAATGAGAAAGGACAATATATATCTCCATTTCATGATATTCCAATTTATGCAGAT
AAGGATGTGTTTCACATGGTAGTTGAAGTACCACGCTGGTCTAATGCAAAAATGGAGATT
GCTACAAAGGACCCTTTAAACCCTATTAAACAAGATGTGAAAAAAGGAAAACTTCGCTAT
GTTGCGAATTTGTTCCCGTATAAAGGATATATCTGGAACTATGGTGCCATCCCTCAGACT
TGGGAAGACCCAGGGCACAATGATAAACATACTGGCTGTTGTGGTGACAATGACCCAATT
GATGTGTGTGAAATTGGAAGCAAGGTATGTGCAAGAGGTGAAATAATTGGCGTGAAAGTT
CTAGGCATATTGGCTATGATTGACGAAGGGGAAACCGACTGGAAAGTCATTGCCATTAAT
GTGGATGATCCTGATGCAGCCAATTATAATGATATCAATGATGTCAAACGGCTGAAACCT
GGCTACTTAGAAGCTACTGTGGACTGGTTTAGAAGGTATAAGGTTCCTGATGGAAAACCA
GAAAATGAGTTTGCGTTTAATGCAGAATTTAAAGATAAGGACTTTGCCATTGATATTATT
AAAAGCACTCATGACCATTGGAAAGCATTAGTGACTAAGAAAACGAATGGAAAAGGAATC
AGTTGCATGAATACAACTTTGTCTGAGAGCCCCTTCAAGTGTGATCCTGATGCTGCCAGA
GCCATTGTGGATGCTTTACCACCACCCTGTGAATCTGCCTGCACAGTACCAACAGACGTG
GATAAGTGGTTCCATCACCAGAAAAACTAA

Enzyme 112 GenBank Gene ID

AF154065

Enzyme 112 GeneCard ID

PPA1

Enzyme 112 GenAtlas ID

PPA1

Enzyme 112 HGNC ID

HGNC:9226

Enzyme 112 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 112 Locus

10q11.1-q24

Enzyme 112 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 112 General References

Fairchild TA, Patejunas G: Cloning and expression profile of human inorganic pyrophosphatase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999 Oct 28;1447(2-3):133-6. [PubMed ]
Hu RM, Han ZG, Song HD, Peng YD, Huang QH, Ren SX, Gu YJ, Huang CH, Li YB, Jiang CL, Fu G, Zhang QH, Gu BW, Dai M, Mao YF, Gao GF, Rong R, Ye M, Zhou J, Xu SH, Gu J, Shi JX, Jin WR, Zhang CK, Wu TM, Huang GY, Chen Z, Chen MD, Chen JL: Gene expression profiling in the human hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and full-length cDNA cloning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Aug 15;97(17):9543-8. [PubMed ]
Deloukas P, Earthrowl ME, Grafham DV, Rubenfield M, French L, Steward CA, Sims SK, Jones MC, Searle S, Scott C, Howe K, Hunt SE, Andrews TD, Gilbert JG, Swarbreck D, Ashurst JL, Taylor A, Battles J, Bird CP, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ashwell RI, Ambrose KD, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Bates K, Beasley H, Bray-Allen S, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Cahill P, Camire D, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Corby N, Coulson A, Dhami P, Dutta I, Dunn M, Faulkner L, Frankish A, Frankland JA, Garner P, Garnett J, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Grocock R, Gustafson E, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart E, Heath PD, Ho TP, Hopkins B, Horne J, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Hynds C, Johnson C, Johnson D, Kana A, Kay M, Kimberley AM, Kershaw JK, Kokkinaki M, Laird GK, Lawlor S, Lee HM, Leongamornlert DA, Laird G, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, McLaren S, McLay KE, McMurray A, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Milne S, Nickerson T, Nguyen M, Overton-Larty E, Palmer SA, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phillimore B, Porter K, Rice CM, Rogosin A, Ross MT, Sarafidou T, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Skuce CD, Smith M, Standring L, Sycamore N, Tester J, Thorpe A, Torcasso W, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tsolas J, Wall M, Walsh J, Wang H, Weinstock K, West AP, Willey DL, Whitehead SL, Wilming L, Wray PW, Young L, Chen Y, Lovering RC, Moschonas NK, Siebert R, Fechtel K, Bentley D, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Doucette-Stamm L, Beck S, Smith DR, Rogers J: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10. Nature. 2004 May 27;429(6990):375-81. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
Sjoblom T, Jones S, Wood LD, Parsons DW, Lin J, Barber TD, Mandelker D, Leary RJ, Ptak J, Silliman N, Szabo S, Buckhaults P, Farrell C, Meeh P, Markowitz SD, Willis J, Dawson D, Willson JK, Gazdar AF, Hartigan J, Wu L, Liu C, Parmigiani G, Park BH, Bachman KE, Papadopoulos N, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Velculescu VE: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):268-74. Epub 2006 Sep 7. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 112 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 113 [top]

Enzyme 113 ID

6361

Enzyme 113 Name

Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2

Enzyme 113 Synonyms

GCS-alpha-2

Enzyme 113 Gene Name

GUCY1A2

Enzyme 113 Protein Sequence

>Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2

MSRRKISSESFSSLGSDYLETSPEEEGECPLSRLCWNGSRSPPGPLEPSPAAAAAAAAPA
PTPAASAAAAAATAGARRVQRRRRVNLDSLGESISRLTAPSPQTIQQTLKRTLQYYEHQV
IGYRDAEKNFHNISNRCSYADHSNKEEIEDVSGILQCTANILGLKFEEIQKRFGEEFFNI
CFHENERVLRAVGGTLQDFFNGFDALLEHIRTSFGKQATLESPSFLCKELPEGTLMLHYF
HPHHIVGFAMLGMIKAAGKKIYRLDVEVEQVANEKLCSDVSNPGNCSCLTFLIKECENTN
IMKNLPQGTSQVPADLRISINTFCRAFPFHLMFDPSMSVLQLGEGLRKQLRCDTHKVLKF
EDCFEIVSPKVNATFERVLLRLSTPFVIRTKPEASGSENKDKVMEVKGQMIHVPESNSIL
FLGSPCVDKLDELMGRGLHLSDIPIHDATRDVILVGEQAKAQDGLKKRMDKLKATLERTH
QALEEEKKKTVDLLYSIFPGDVAQQLWQGQQVQARKFDDVTMLFSDIVGFTAICAQCTPM
QVISMLNELYTRFDHQCGFLDIYKVETIGDAYCVAAGLHRKSLCHAKPIALMALKMMELS
EEVLTPDGRPIQMRIGIHSGSVLAGVVGVRMPRYCLFGNNVTLASKFESGSHPRRINVSP
TTYQLLKREESFTFIPRSREELPDNFPKEIPGICYFLEVRTGPKPPKPSLSSSRIKKVSY
NIGTMFLRETSL

Enzyme 113 Number of Residues

732

Enzyme 113 Molecular Weight

81749.2

Enzyme 113 Theoretical pI

7.72

Enzyme 113 GO Classification

Function
binding catalytic activity cation binding cyclase activity guanylate cyclase activity heme binding ion binding iron ion binding lyase activity metal ion binding phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity transition metal ion binding
Process
cGMP biosynthetic process cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process intracellular signaling pathway metabolic process nitrogen compound metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process nucleoside phosphate metabolic process nucleotide metabolic process purine nucleotide biosynthetic process purine nucleotide metabolic process signaling signaling pathway
Component
—

Enzyme 113 General Function

Involved in phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity

Enzyme 113 Specific Function

Isoform 2 acts as a negative regulator of guanylyl cyclase activity as it forms non-functional heterodimers with the beta subunits

Enzyme 113 Pathways

Purine Metabolism (map00230 )

Enzyme 113 Reactions

GTP = 3',5'-cyclic GMP + diphosphate [RN:R00434]

Enzyme 113 Pfam Domain Function

Guanylate_cyc (PF00211 )
HNOB (PF07700 )
HNOBA (PF07701 )

Enzyme 113 Signals

None

Enzyme 113 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 113 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 113 GenBank ID Protein

120659898

Enzyme 113 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P33402

Enzyme 113 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

GCYA2_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 113 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 113 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 113 Gene Sequence

>2199 bp

ATGTCTCGAAGGAAGATTTCGTCCGAGTCCTTCAGCTCCCTGGGCTCCGACTACCTGGAG
ACCAGCCCGGAGGAGGAGGGGGAGTGCCCCCTGTCTAGGCTCTGCTGGAATGGCAGCCGG
AGCCCGCCCGGGCCGCTGGAGCCCAGCCCGGCCGCAGCTGCCGCTGCCGCCGCTCCGGCC
CCGACCCCGGCTGCTTCTGCCGCCGCCGCCGCTGCCACTGCCGGGGCCAGGAGGGTGCAG
CGCCGGAGGCGGGTCAACCTGGACTCGCTGGGCGAGAGCATCAGCCGCCTGACGGCGCCC
TCGCCTCAGACGATACAGCAGACTCTCAAGAGGACACTGCAGTATTATGAACATCAAGTT
ATTGGTTACAGGGATGCAGAAAAGAATTTCCACAATATCTCTAACAGATGCTCCTATGCA
GACCACTCCAATAAAGAAGAAATTGAAGATGTCTCAGGAATTCTTCAGTGTACTGCTAAT
ATACTCGGTTTGAAGTTTGAGGAAATTCAAAAAAGATTTGGTGAAGAGTTCTTTAATATA
TGCTTTCATGAGAATGAGAGAGTCCTTCGAGCTGTAGGTGGCACTTTGCAGGACTTTTTT
AACGGCTTTGATGCTTTGTTGGAACACATTAGAACTTCTTTTGGAAAACAGGCCACTCTG
GAGTCACCATCTTTCCTATGCAAAGAGCTCCCTGAAGGTACTCTCATGCTCCACTACTTC
CACCCTCACCATATTGTGGGGTTTGCAATGCTGGGGATGATTAAGGCTGCAGGAAAGAAG
ATCTATCGGCTGGATGTGGAAGTGGAACAGGTTGCAAATGAGAAGCTATGCTCTGATGTT
TCAAACCCAGGCAATTGTAGCTGTCTTACTTTCCTTATCAAAGAATGTGAAAATACTAAT
ATCATGAAGAACCTTCCACAGGGAACCTCCCAAGTTCCTGCGGACCTCAGAATTAGCATC
AACACCTTCTGTAGAGCCTTCCCTTTCCACTTGATGTTTGATCCCAGCATGTCAGTCCTT
CAGTTGGGGGAAGGTCTAAGGAAGCAGCTTCGATGTGACACTCACAAAGTGCTCAAGTTT
GAGGACTGCTTCGAGATTGTATCTCCAAAGGTTAATGCCACCTTTGAAAGGGTCCTGCTG
CGACTGTCTACCCCGTTTGTGATTAGAACCAAGCCTGAGGCTTCTGGCTCTGAAAATAAA
GACAAGGTGATGGAAGTCAAAGGACAAATGATCCATGTTCCAGAATCAAATTCCATTTTA
TTTTTGGGCTCTCCATGTGTGGACAAGTTGGATGAACTCATGGGCCGAGGGCTACATCTC
TCAGACATCCCTATCCATGATGCCACCCGAGATGTCATTTTGGTTGGTGAGCAGGCAAAG
GCCCAAGATGGGTTGAAGAAAAGGATGGATAAATTAAAGGCAACTTTAGAAAGAACTCAC
CAGGCCCTGGAAGAAGAGAAAAAGAAGACAGTGGATCTTCTATATTCTATTTTCCCTGGT
GATGTAGCCCAGCAATTATGGCAAGGGCAGCAAGTACAGGCCAGAAAGTTTGATGATGTC
ACCATGCTCTTTTCAGACATTGTTGGCTTCACAGCCATATGTGCCCAGTGTACTCCCATG
CAAGTAATCAGCATGCTGAATGAACTGTACACCAGATTTGACCACCAGTGTGGATTTTTG
GATATTTATAAGGTGGAAACAATAGGTGATGCCTACTGTGTTGCAGCAGGGCTCCACAGA
AAAAGCCTCTGCCATGCTAAACCCATTGCTCTGATGGCCTTGAAGATGATGGAACTTTCA
GAAGAGGTGCTGACACCTGATGGAAGACCGATTCAGATGAGGATAGGAATTCACTCAGGC
TCCGTGCTGGCTGGAGTTGTTGGGGTGCGAATGCCACGTTATTGCCTGTTTGGAAATAAT
GTCACACTGGCAAGCAAATTCGAGTCGGGAAGTCACCCTCGGCGCATCAATGTCAGCCCA
ACCACTTACCAATTATTAAAACGAGAAGAAAGTTTCACATTCATTCCGCGGTCTCGTGAA
GAGCTTCCAGACAACTTTCCAAAGGAAATTCCTGGGATCTGCTATTTCCTGGAGGTAAGG
ACTGGTCCAAAGCCACCAAAGCCTTCTCTTTCTTCGTCGAGAATAAAAAAGGTTTCCTAC
AACATCGGCACCATGTTCCTCCGGGAGACAAGCCTCTGA

Enzyme 113 GenBank Gene ID

BC130484

Enzyme 113 GeneCard ID

GUCY1A2

Enzyme 113 GenAtlas ID

GUCY1A2

Enzyme 113 HGNC ID

HGNC:4684

Enzyme 113 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 113 Locus

11q21-q22

Enzyme 113 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 113 General References

Harteneck C, Wedel B, Koesling D, Malkewitz J, Bohme E, Schultz G: Molecular cloning and expression of a new alpha-subunit of soluble guanylyl cyclase. Interchangeability of the alpha-subunits of the enzyme. FEBS Lett. 1991 Nov 4;292(1-2):217-22. [PubMed ]
Behrends S, Harteneck C, Schultz G, Koesling D: A variant of the alpha 2 subunit of soluble guanylyl cyclase contains an insert homologous to a region within adenylyl cyclases and functions as a dominant negative protein. J Biol Chem. 1995 Sep 8;270(36):21109-13. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Sjoblom T, Jones S, Wood LD, Parsons DW, Lin J, Barber TD, Mandelker D, Leary RJ, Ptak J, Silliman N, Szabo S, Buckhaults P, Farrell C, Meeh P, Markowitz SD, Willis J, Dawson D, Willson JK, Gazdar AF, Hartigan J, Wu L, Liu C, Parmigiani G, Park BH, Bachman KE, Papadopoulos N, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Velculescu VE: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):268-74. Epub 2006 Sep 7. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 113 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 114 [top]

Enzyme 114 ID

6363

Enzyme 114 Name

UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase

Enzyme 114 Synonyms

UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase
UDPGP
UGPase

Enzyme 114 Gene Name

UGP2

Enzyme 114 Protein Sequence

>UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase

MSRFVQDLSKAMSQDGASQFQEVIRQELELSVKKELEKILTTASSHEFEHTKKDLDGFRK
LFHRFLQEKGPSVDWGKIQRPPEDSIQPYEKIKARGLPDNISSVLNKLVVVKLNGGLGTS
MGCKGPKSLIGVRNENTFLDLTVQQIEHLNKTYNTDVPLVLMNSFNTDEDTKKILQKYNH
CRVKIYTFNQSRYPRINKESLLPVAKDVSYSGENTEAWYPPGHGDIYASFYNSGLLDTFI
GEGKEYIFVSNIDNLGATVDLYILNHLMNPPNGKRCEFVMEVTNKTRADVKGGTLTQYEG
KLRLVEIAQVPKAHVDEFKSVSKFKIFNTNNLWISLAAVKRLQEQNAIDMEIIVNAKTLD
GGLNVIQLETAVGAAIKSFENSLGINVPRSRFLPVKTTSDLLLVMSNLYSLNAGSLTMSE
KREFPTVPLVKLGSSFTKVQDYLRRFESIPDMLELDHLTVSGDVTFGKNVSLKGTVIIIA
NHGDRIDIPPGAVLENKIVSGNLRILDH

Enzyme 114 Number of Residues

508

Enzyme 114 Molecular Weight

56939.8

Enzyme 114 Theoretical pI

8.40

Enzyme 114 GO Classification

Function
catalytic activity nucleotidyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 114 General Function

Involved in nucleotidyltransferase activity

Enzyme 114 Specific Function

Plays a central role as a glucosyl donor in cellular metabolic pathways

Enzyme 114 Pathways

Galactose Metabolism (map00052 )
Nucleotide Sugars Metabolism (map00520 )
Starch and Sucrose Metabolism (map00500 )

Enzyme 114 Reactions

UTP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = diphosphate + UDP-glucose [RN:R00289]

Enzyme 114 Pfam Domain Function

UDPGP (PF01704 )

Enzyme 114 Signals

None

Enzyme 114 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 114 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 114 GenBank ID Protein

112180805

Enzyme 114 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q16851

Enzyme 114 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

UGPA_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 114 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 114 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 114 Gene Sequence

>1527 bp

ATGTCGAGATTTGTACAAGATCTTAGCAAAGCAATGTCTCAAGATGGTGCTTCTCAGTTC
CAAGAAGTCATTCGGCAAGAGCTAGAATTATCTGTGAAGAAGGAACTAGAAAAAATACTC
ACCACAGCATCATCACATGAATTTGAGCACACCAAAAAAGACCTGGATGGATTTCGGAAG
CTATTTCATAGATTTTTGCAAGAAAAGGGGCCTTCTGTGGATTGGGGAAAAATCCAGAGA
CCCCCTGAAGATTCGATTCAACCCTATGAAAAGATAAAGGCCAGGGGCTTGCCTGATAAT
ATATCTTCCGTGTTGAACAAACTAGTGGTGGTGAAACTCAATGGTGGTTTGGGAACCAGC
ATGGGCTGCAAAGGCCCTAAAAGTCTGATTGGTGTGAGGAATGAGAATACCTTTCTGGAT
CTGACTGTTCAGCAAATTGAACATTTGAATAAAACCTACAATACAGATGTTCCTCTTGTT
TTAATGAACTCTTTTAACACGGATGAAGATACCAAAAAAATACTACAGAAGTACAATCAT
TGTCGTGTGAAAATCTACACTTTCAATCAAAGCAGGTACCCGAGGATTAATAAAGAATCT
TTACTTCCTGTAGCAAAGGACGTGTCTTACTCAGGGGAAAATACAGAAGCTTGGTACCCT
CCAGGTCATGGTGATATTTACGCCAGTTTCTACAACTCTGGATTGCTTGATACCTTTATA
GGAGAAGGCAAAGAGTATATTTTTGTGTCTAACATAGATAATCTGGGTGCCACAGTGGAT
CTGTATATTCTTAATCATCTAATGAACCCACCCAATGGAAAACGCTGTGAATTTGTCATG
GAAGTCACAAATAAAACACGTGCAGATGTAAAGGGCGGGACACTCACTCAATATGAAGGC
AAACTGAGACTGGTGGAAATTGCTCAAGTGCCAAAAGCACATGTAGACGAGTTCAAGTCT
GTATCAAAGTTCAAAATATTTAATACAAACAACCTATGGATTTCTCTTGCAGCAGTTAAA
AGACTGCAGGAGCAAAATGCCATTGACATGGAAATCATTGTGAATGCAAAGACTTTGGAT
GGAGGCCTGAATGTCATTCAATTAGAAACTGCAGTAGGGGCTGCCATCAAAAGTTTTGAG
AATTCTCTAGGTATTAATGTGCCAAGGAGCCGTTTTCTGCCTGTCAAAACCACATCAGAT
CTCTTGCTGGTGATGTCAAACCTCTATAGTCTTAATGCAGGATCTCTGACAATGAGTGAA
AAGCGGGAATTTCCTACAGTGCCCTTGGTTAAATTAGGCAGTTCTTTTACGAAGGTTCAA
GATTATCTAAGAAGATTTGAAAGTATACCAGATATGCTTGAATTGGATCACCTCACAGTT
TCAGGAGATGTGACATTTGGAAAAAATGTTTCATTAAAGGGAACGGTTATCATCATTGCA
AATCATGGTGACAGAATTGATATCCCACCTGGAGCAGTATTAGAGAACAAGATTGTGTCT
GGAAACCTTCGCATCTTGGACCACTGA

Enzyme 114 GenBank Gene ID

BC000173

Enzyme 114 GeneCard ID

UGP2

Enzyme 114 GenAtlas ID

UGP2

Enzyme 114 HGNC ID

HGNC:12527 Link Image

Enzyme 114 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 114 Locus

2p14-p13

Enzyme 114 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 114 General References

Peng HL, Chang HY: Cloning of a human liver UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase cDNA by complementation of the bacterial galU mutation. FEBS Lett. 1993 Aug 23;329(1-2):153-8. [PubMed ]
Duggleby RG, Chao YC, Huang JG, Peng HL, Chang HY: Sequence differences between human muscle and liver cDNAs for UDPglucose pyrophosphorylase and kinetic properties of the recombinant enzymes expressed in Escherichia coli. Eur J Biochem. 1996 Jan 15;235(1-2):173-9. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Chang HY, Peng HL, Chao YC, Duggleby RG: The importance of conserved residues in human liver UDPglucose pyrophosphorylase. Eur J Biochem. 1996 Mar 1;236(2):723-8. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 114 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 115 [top]

Enzyme 115 ID

6364

Enzyme 115 Name

DNA nucleotidylexotransferase

Enzyme 115 Synonyms

Terminal addition enzyme
Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase
Terminal transferase

Enzyme 115 Gene Name

DNTT

Enzyme 115 Protein Sequence

>DNA nucleotidylexotransferase

MDPPRASHLSPRKKRPRQTGALMASSPQDIKFQDLVVFILEKKMGTTRRAFLMELARRKG
FRVENELSDSVTHIVAENNSGSDVLEWLQAQKVQVSSQPELLDVSWLIECIGAGKPVEMT
GKHQLVVRRDYSDSTNPGPPKTPPIAVQKISQYACQRRTTLNNCNQIFTDAFDILAENCE
FRENEDSCVTFMRAASVLKSLPFTIISMKDTEGIPCLGSKVKGIIEEIIEDGESSEVKAV
LNDERYQSFKLFTSVFGVGLKTSEKWFRMGFRTLSKVRSDKSLKFTRMQKAGFLYYEDLV
SCVTRAEAEAVSVLVKEAVWAFLPDAFVTMTGGFRRGKKMGHDVDFLITSPGSTEDEEQL
LQKVMNLWEKKGLLLYYDLVESTFEKLRLPSRKVDALDHFQKCFLIFKLPRQRVDSDQSS
WQEGKTWKAIRVDLVLCPYERRAFALLGWTGSRQFERDLRRYATHERKMILDNHALYDKT
KRIFLKAESEEEIFAHLGLDYIEPWERNA

Enzyme 115 Number of Residues

509

Enzyme 115 Molecular Weight

58436.6

Enzyme 115 Theoretical pI

8.45

Enzyme 115 GO Classification

Function
DNA binding DNA nucleotidylexotransferase activity DNA polymerase activity DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity binding catalytic activity nucleic acid binding nucleotidyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
DNA metabolic process DNA replication cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process
Component
cell part intracellular

Enzyme 115 General Function

Involved in DNA binding

Enzyme 115 Specific Function

Template-independent DNA polymerase which catalyzes the random addition of deoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphate to the 3'-end of a DNA initiator. One of the in vivo functions of this enzyme is the addition of nucleotides at the junction (N region) of rearranged Ig heavy chain and T-cell receptor gene segments during the maturation of B- and T-cells

Enzyme 115 Pathways

Not Available

Enzyme 115 Reactions

deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn = diphosphate + DNAn+1 [RN:R00379]

Enzyme 115 Pfam Domain Function

BRCT (PF00533 )
DNA_pol_lambd_f (PF10391 )
NTP_transf_2 (PF01909 )

Enzyme 115 Signals

None

Enzyme 115 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 115 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 115 GenBank ID Protein

16923263

Enzyme 115 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P04053

Enzyme 115 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

TDT_HUMAN

Enzyme 115 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 115 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 115 Gene Sequence

>1530 bp

ATGGATCCACCACGAGCGTCCCACTTGAGCCCTCGGAAGAAGAGACCCCGGCAGACGGGT
GCCTTGATGGCCTCCTCTCCTCAAGACATCAAATTTCAAGATTTGGTCGTCTTCATTTTG
GAGAAGAAAATGGGAACCACCCGCAGAGCGTTCCTCATGGAGCTGGCCCGCAGGAAAGGG
TTCAGGGTTGAAAATGAGCTCAGTGATTCTGTCACCCACATTGTAGCAGAGAACAACTCG
GGTTCGGATGTTCTGGAGTGGCTTCAAGCACAGAAAGTACAAGTCAGCTCACAACCAGAG
CTCCTCGATGTCTCCTGGCTGATCGAATGCATAGGAGCAGGGAAACCGGTGGAAATGACA
GGAAAACACCAGCTTGTTGTGAGAAGAGACTATTCAGATAGCACCAACCCAGGCCCCCCG
AAGACTCCACCAATTGCTGTACAAAAGATCTCCCAGTATGCGTGTCAGAGAAGAACCACT
TTAAACAACTGTAACCAGATATTCACGGATGCCTTTGATATACTGGCTGAAAACTGTGAG
TTTAGAGAAAATGAAGACTCCTGTGTGACATTTATGAGAGCAGCTTCTGTATTGAAATCT
CTGCCATTCACAATCATCAGTATGAAGGACACAGAAGGAATTCCCTGCCTGGGGTCCAAG
GTGAAGGGTATCATAGAGGAGATTATTGAAGATGGAGAAAGTTCTGAAGTTAAAGCTGTG
TTAAATGATGAACGATATCAATCCTTCAAACTCTTTACTTCTGTATTTGGAGTGGGGCTG
AAGACTTCTGAGAAGTGGTTCAGGATGGGTTTCAGAACTCTGAGTAAAGTAAGGTCGGAC
AAAAGCCTGAAATTTACACGAATGCAGAAAGCAGGATTTCTGTATTATGAAGACCTTGTC
AGCTGTGTGACCAGGGCAGAAGCAGAGGCCGTCAGTGTGCTGGTTAAAGAGGCTGTCTGG
GCATTTCTTCCGGATGCTTTCGTCACCATGACAGGAGGGTTCCGGAGGGGTAAGAAGATG
GGGCATGATGTAGATTTTTTAATTACCAGCCCAGGATCAACAGAGGATGAAGAGCAACTT
TTACAGAAAGTGATGAACTTATGGGAAAAGAAGGGATTACTTTTATATTATGACCTTGTG
GAGTCAACATTTGAAAAGCTCAGGTTGCCTAGCAGGAAGGTTGATGCTTTGGATCATTTT
CAAAAGTGCTTTCTGATTTTCAAATTGCCTCGTCAAAGAGTGGACAGTGACCAGTCCAGC
TGGCAGGAAGGAAAGACCTGGAAGGCCATCCGTGTGGATTTAGTTCTGTGCCCCTACGAG
CGTCGTGCCTTTGCCCTGTTGGGATGGACTGGCTCCCGGCAGTTTGAGAGAGACCTCCGG
CGCTATGCCACACATGAGCGGAAGATGATTCTGGATAACCATGCTTTATATGACAAGACC
AAGAGGATATTCCTCAAAGCAGAAAGTGAAGAAGAAATTTTTGCGCATCTGGGATTGGAT
TATATTGAACCGTGGGAAAGAAATGCCTAG

Enzyme 115 GenBank Gene ID

AB046378

Enzyme 115 GeneCard ID

DNTT

Enzyme 115 GenAtlas ID

DNTT

Enzyme 115 HGNC ID

HGNC:2983

Enzyme 115 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 115 Locus

10q23-q24

Enzyme 115 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 115 General References

Peterson RC, Cheung LC, Mattaliano RJ, White ST, Chang LM, Bollum FJ: Expression of human terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1985 Sep 5;260(19):10495-502. [PubMed ]
Riley LK, Morrow JK, Danton MJ, Coleman MS: Human terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase: molecular cloning and structural analysis of the gene and 5' flanking region. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Apr;85(8):2489-93. [PubMed ]
Ibe S, Fujita K, Toyomoto T, Shimazaki N, Kaneko R, Tanabe A, Takebe I, Kuroda S, Kobayashi T, Toji S, Tamai K, Yamamoto H, Koiwai O: Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase is negatively regulated by direct interaction with proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Genes Cells. 2001 Sep;6(9):815-24. [PubMed ]
Deloukas P, Earthrowl ME, Grafham DV, Rubenfield M, French L, Steward CA, Sims SK, Jones MC, Searle S, Scott C, Howe K, Hunt SE, Andrews TD, Gilbert JG, Swarbreck D, Ashurst JL, Taylor A, Battles J, Bird CP, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ashwell RI, Ambrose KD, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Bates K, Beasley H, Bray-Allen S, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Cahill P, Camire D, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Corby N, Coulson A, Dhami P, Dutta I, Dunn M, Faulkner L, Frankish A, Frankland JA, Garner P, Garnett J, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Grocock R, Gustafson E, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart E, Heath PD, Ho TP, Hopkins B, Horne J, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Hynds C, Johnson C, Johnson D, Kana A, Kay M, Kimberley AM, Kershaw JK, Kokkinaki M, Laird GK, Lawlor S, Lee HM, Leongamornlert DA, Laird G, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, McLaren S, McLay KE, McMurray A, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Milne S, Nickerson T, Nguyen M, Overton-Larty E, Palmer SA, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phillimore B, Porter K, Rice CM, Rogosin A, Ross MT, Sarafidou T, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Skuce CD, Smith M, Standring L, Sycamore N, Tester J, Thorpe A, Torcasso W, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tsolas J, Wall M, Walsh J, Wang H, Weinstock K, West AP, Willey DL, Whitehead SL, Wilming L, Wray PW, Young L, Chen Y, Lovering RC, Moschonas NK, Siebert R, Fechtel K, Bentley D, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Doucette-Stamm L, Beck S, Smith DR, Rogers J: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10. Nature. 2004 May 27;429(6990):375-81. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Koiwai O, Morita A: Isolation of putative promoter region for human terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1988 Jul 15;154(1):91-100. [PubMed ]
Peterson RC, Cheung LC, Mattaliano RJ, Chang LM, Bollum FJ: Molecular cloning of human terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jul;81(14):4363-7. [PubMed ]
Yamashita N, Shimazaki N, Ibe S, Kaneko R, Tanabe A, Toyomoto T, Fujita K, Hasegawa T, Toji S, Tamai K, Yamamoto H, Koiwai O: Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase directly interacts with a novel nuclear protein that is homologous to p65. Genes Cells. 2001 Jul;6(7):641-52. [PubMed ]
Fujita K, Shimazaki N, Ohta Y, Kubota T, Ibe S, Toji S, Tamai K, Fujisaki S, Hayano T, Koiwai O: Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase forms a ternary complex with a novel chromatin remodeling protein with 82 kDa and core histone. Genes Cells. 2003 Jun;8(6):559-71. [PubMed ]
Mahajan KN, Mitchell BS: Role of human Pso4 in mammalian DNA repair and association with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Sep 16;100(19):10746-51. Epub 2003 Sep 5. [PubMed ]
Yang B, Gathy KN, Coleman MS: Mutational analysis of residues in the nucleotide binding domain of human terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. J Biol Chem. 1994 Apr 22;269(16):11859-68. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 115 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 116 [top]

Enzyme 116 ID

6365

Enzyme 116 Name

Retinal guanylyl cyclase 2

Enzyme 116 Synonyms

RETGC-2
Guanylate cyclase 2F, retinal
Guanylate cyclase F
GC-F
Rod outer segment membrane guanylate cyclase 2
ROS-GC2

Enzyme 116 Gene Name

GUCY2F

Enzyme 116 Protein Sequence

>Retinal guanylyl cyclase 2

MFLGLGRFSRLVLWFAAFRKLLGHHGLASAKFLWCLCLLSVMSLPQQVWTLPYKIGVVGP
WACDSLFSKALPEVAARLAIERINRDPSFDLSYSFEYVILNEDCQTSRALSSFISHHQMA
SGFIGPTNPGYCEAASLLGNSWDKGIFSWACVNYELDNKISYPTFSRTLPSPIRVLVTVM
KYFQWAHAGVISSDEDIWVHTANRVASALRSHGLPVGVVLTTGQDSQSMRKALQRIHQAD
RIRIIIMCMHSALIGGETQMHLLECAHDLKMTDGTYVFVPYDALLYSLPYKHTPYQVLRN
NPKLREAYDAVLTITVESQEKTFYQAFTEAAARGEIPEKLEFDQVSPLFGTIYNSIYFIA
QAMNNAMKENGQAGAASLVQHSRNMQFHGFNQLMRTDSNGNGISEYVILDTNLKEWELHS
TYTVDMEMELLRFGGTPIHFPGGRPPRADAKCWFAEGKICHGGIDPAFAMMVCLTLLIAL
LSINGFAYFIRRRINKIQLIKGPNRILLTLEDVTFINPHFGSKRGSRASVSFQITSEVQS
GRSPRLSFSSGSLTPATYENSNIAIYEGDWVWLKKFSLGDFGDLKSIKSRASDVFEMMKD
LRHENINPLLGFFYDSGMFAIVTEFCSRGSLEDILTNQDVKLDWMFKSSLLLDLIKGMKY
LHHREFVHGRLKSRNCVVDGRFVLKVTDYGFNDILEMLRLSEEESSMEELLWTAPELLRA
PRGSRLGSFAGDVYSFAIIMQEVMVRGTPFCMMDLPAQEIINRLKKPPPVYRPVVPPEHA
PPECLQLMKQCWAEAAEQRPTFDEIFNQFKTFNKGKKTNIIDSMLRMLEQYSSNLEDLIR
ERTEELEIEKQKTEKLLTQMLPPSVAESLKKGCTVEPEGFDLVTLYFSDIVGFTTISAMS
EPIEVVDLLNDLYTLFDAIIGSHDVYKVETIGDAYMVASGLPKRNGSRHAAEIANMSLDI
LSSVGTFKMRHMPEVPVRIRIGLHSGPVVAGVVGLTMPRYCLFGDTVNTASRMESTGLPY
RIHVSLSTVTILQNLSEGYEVELRGRTELKGKGTEETFWLIGKKGFMKPLPVPPPVDKDG
QVGHGLQPVEIAAFQRRKAERQLVRNKP

Enzyme 116 Number of Residues

1108

Enzyme 116 Molecular Weight

124820.9

Enzyme 116 Theoretical pI

7.20

Enzyme 116 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding binding catalytic activity cyclase activity guanylate cyclase activity kinase activity lyase activity nucleoside binding phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity protein kinase activity purine nucleoside binding transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
cGMP biosynthetic process cellular metabolic process cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process intracellular signaling pathway metabolic process nitrogen compound metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process nucleoside phosphate metabolic process nucleotide metabolic process phosphate metabolic process phosphorus metabolic process phosphorylation protein amino acid phosphorylation purine nucleotide biosynthetic process purine nucleotide metabolic process signaling signaling pathway
Component
—

Enzyme 116 General Function

Involved in phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity

Enzyme 116 Specific Function

Enzyme 116 Pathways

Purine Metabolism (map00230 )

Enzyme 116 Reactions

GTP = 3',5'-cyclic GMP + diphosphate [RN:R00434]

Enzyme 116 Pfam Domain Function

ANF_receptor (PF01094 )
Guanylate_cyc (PF00211 )
HNOBA (PF07701 )
Pkinase_Tyr (PF07714 )

Enzyme 116 Signals

1-50

Enzyme 116 Transmembrane Regions

468-490

Enzyme 116 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 116 GenBank ID Protein

4680397

Enzyme 116 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P51841

Enzyme 116 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

GUC2F_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 116 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 116 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 116 Gene Sequence

>3327 bp

ATGTTCCTGGGACTCGGGCGCTTTTCTCGCCTTGTTCTCTGGTTTGCGGCTTTCAGGAAA
CTGCTGGGACACCATGGCCTTGCATCTGCCAAGTTCCTGTGGTGCTTGTGCCTTCTGTCT
GTCATGTCCCTTCCGCAGCAGGTGTGGACACTCCCCTACAAGATAGGGGTGGTGGGCCCT
TGGGCTTGTGATTCGCTGTTTTCAAAGGCCCTGCCTGAGGTTGCTGCGCGATTAGCCATT
GAGCGAATCAACCGGGACCCATCTTTTGACCTGAGTTATTCTTTTGAATACGTGATTCTC
AATGAAGACTGCCAGACTTCGAGGGCTCTCTCCAGTTTCATTTCCCACCACCAGATGGCC
TCAGGATTTATTGGACCTACCAACCCTGGCTACTGCGAGGCAGCCTCGCTCCTGGGAAAC
AGCTGGGACAAAGGAATTTTCTCTTGGGCTTGTGTGAATTATGAATTAGACAATAAAATT
AGCTACCCGACCTTTTCTCGGACACTCCCTTCTCCCATCCGGGTGCTTGTAACTGTCATG
AAATATTTCCAGTGGGCTCATGCTGGAGTCATTTCCTCAGATGAAGACATTTGGGTGCAT
ACAGCCAATCGAGTCGCAAGTGCTCTTCGGAGCCACGGCTTACCTGTAGGGGTCGTCCTG
ACCACAGGACAAGACAGCCAAAGCATGCGGAAAGCCCTCCAGAGGATTCACCAGGCAGAC
AGAATTCGCATAATCATCATGTGTATGCATTCAGCTTTGATTGGGGGAGAGACTCAGATG
CATCTCTTGGAATGTGCTCATGATCTGAAAATGACTGATGGAACCTACGTCTTTGTTCCT
TATGATGCCCTGCTCTACAGTTTACCTTATAAGCACACCCCCTACCGGGTCCTAAGGAAC
AACCCAAAGCTCCGGGAAGCCTATGATGCAGTGTTGACCATTACAGTGGAGTCCCAAGAA
AAGACCTTCTATCAAGCCTTCACAGAGGCAGCAGCAAGAGGTGAAATTCCTGAGAAGCTG
GAGTTCGATCAAGTTTCACCGTTGTTTGGAACCATCTACAATTCAATTTACTTTATCGCA
CAAGCCATGAATAATGCTATGAAAGAAAATGGACAGGCTGGTGCTGCCAGCCTGGTTCAG
CATTCCAGAAACATGCAGTTCCATGGATTCAACCAGTTGATGAGGACAGATTCAAATGGA
AATGGAATTTCAGAATATGTAATCCTGGACACCAACTTGAAAGAATGGGAACTCCATAGC
ACCTACACTGTGGACATGGAAATGGAGCTGCTACGTTTCGGAGGGACCCCTATTCACTTC
CCTGGTGGCAGGCCCCCTAGAGCAGATGCAAAATGCTGGTTTGCAGAAGGGAAGATCTGC
CATGGAGGCATCGACCCTGCCTTTGCCATGATGGTCTGCCTTACTTTGCTTATAGCCCTG
CTGTCTATTAATGGATTTGCTTACTTTATAAGGCGTCGTATAAATAAAATCCAGTTGATC
AAAGGACCCAATAGAATTCTACTGACTTTGGAGGATGTAACGTTTATCAATCCCCACTTT
GGCAGTAAGAGAGGAAGTCGTGCCAGTGTAAGCTTCCAGATTACCTCAGAGGTCCAAAGT
GGGAGGTCCCCAAGACTCTCCTTTTCTTCAGGGAGTCTAACTCCAGCTACCTATGAAAAC
TCCAACATAGCGATTTATGAGGGTGATTGGGTGTGGCTGAAAAAGTTCTCCCTTGGAGAT
TTTGGAGACCTTAAGTCCATCAAATCAAGAGCAAGTGATGTGTTCGAAATGATGAAGGAC
TTGCGTCATGAGAATATTAACCCTTTATTGGGTTTCTTCTATGATTCGGGGATGTTTGCC
ATTGTGACAGAATTCTGTTCCCGAGGGAGCCTAGAAGACATACTGACAAATCAAGATGTG
AAACTTGACTGGATGTTTAAATCATCACTCTTGCTGGATCTCATAAAGGGCATGAAGTAC
TTACACCACAGAGAGTTTGTTCATGGGAGGCTAAAGTCTCGAAACTGTGTGGTAGATGGG
CGTTTTGTACTAAAAGTGACAGATTATGGCTTTAACGACATCTTAGAAATGCTGAGACTC
TCTGAAGAGGAATCTTCTATGGAAGAGCTGCTGTGGACGGCCCCTGAACTGTTGAGAGCT
CCAAGAGGCAGCAGGTTAGGTTCTTTTGCAGGAGATGTCTATAGCTTTGCCATCATCATG
CAAGAAGTGATGGTCCGGGGTACCCCATTCTGCATGATGGATCTGCCAGCTCAAGAAATC
ATAAACAGACTTAAGAAGCCTCCTCCTGTGTACAGACCAGTAGTTCCTCCTGAGCATGCC
CCTCCAGAATGTCTCCAGCTGATGAAGCAGTGCTGGGCTGAGGCTGCAGAACAACGACCA
ACTTTTGATGAAATATTTAACCAGTTTAAAACTTTTAATAAAGGGAAGAAGACCAATATT
ATTGATTCTATGCTTCGGATGTTGGAGCAATATTCTAGCAACTTGGAAGATTTGATTCGG
GAGCGGACTGAAGAGCTGGAAATTGAAAAACAGAAAACGGAAAAGCTTCTAACACAGATG
CTACCACCATCAGTTGCTGAATCTCTCAAAAAGGGCTGCACAGTTGAACCTGAGGGCTTT
GACTTGGTCACCTTGTACTTCAGCGACATTGTGGGCTTCACAACCATTTCAGCCATGAGT
GAGCCCATTGAGGTCGTGGATCTTCTGAATGACCTGTACACACTCTTTGATGCAATAATT
GGCAGTCATGATGTCTACAAGGTAGAGACCATTGGAGATGCCTACATGGTGGCTTCAGGC
CTCCCAAAGAGGAATGGCAGTAGGCATGCAGCTGAGATTGCAAACATGTCCTTAGATATC
CTGAGCTCTGTGGGCACTTTCAAGATGCGGCACATGCCAGAAGTGCCGGTCCGAATTCGA
ATTGGCCTTCACTCAGGGCCGGTTGTTGCTGGAGTGGTGGGCCTCACCATGCCCAGATAC
TGCTTGTTTGGAGACACTGTGAACACAGCTTCTCGGATGGAATCTACAGGCTTACCTTAT
CGCATTCATGTCAGTCTCAGCACTGTTACAATTCTTCAAAATCTGAGTGAGGGCTATGAA
GTGGAGCTTCGAGGAAGAACAGAGCTCAAGGGCAAAGGCACAGAGGAAACCTTCTGGCTG
ATTGGGAAAAAAGGCTTCATGAAGCCCCTTCCTGTGCCCCCACCAGTGGACAAAGATGGG
CAAGTGGGCCATGGCCTGCAACCAGTGGAGATTGCAGCCTTCCAAAGAAGAAAAGCAGAA
AGGCAGTTGGTGAGAAACAAGCCATAA

Enzyme 116 GenBank Gene ID

AL031387

Enzyme 116 GeneCard ID

GUCY2F

Enzyme 116 GenAtlas ID

GUCY2F

Enzyme 116 HGNC ID

HGNC:4691

Enzyme 116 Chromosome Location

Not Available

Enzyme 116 Locus

Not Available

Enzyme 116 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 116 General References

Lowe DG, Dizhoor AM, Liu K, Gu Q, Spencer M, Laura R, Lu L, Hurley JB: Cloning and expression of a second photoreceptor-specific membrane retina guanylyl cyclase (RetGC), RetGC-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Jun 6;92(12):5535-9. [PubMed ]
Ross MT, Grafham DV, Coffey AJ, Scherer S, McLay K, Muzny D, Platzer M, Howell GR, Burrows C, Bird CP, Frankish A, Lovell FL, Howe KL, Ashurst JL, Fulton RS, Sudbrak R, Wen G, Jones MC, Hurles ME, Andrews TD, Scott CE, Searle S, Ramser J, Whittaker A, Deadman R, Carter NP, Hunt SE, Chen R, Cree A, Gunaratne P, Havlak P, Hodgson A, Metzker ML, Richards S, Scott G, Steffen D, Sodergren E, Wheeler DA, Worley KC, Ainscough R, Ambrose KD, Ansari-Lari MA, Aradhya S, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Ballabio A, Banerjee R, Barker GE, Barlow KF, Barrett IP, Bates KN, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Beck A, Bethel G, Blechschmidt K, Brady N, Bray-Allen S, Bridgeman AM, Brown AJ, Brown MJ, Bonnin D, Bruford EA, Buhay C, Burch P, Burford D, Burgess J, Burrill W, Burton J, Bye JM, Carder C, Carrel L, Chako J, Chapman JC, Chavez D, Chen E, Chen G, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chinault C, Ciccodicola A, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Clerc-Blankenburg K, Clifford K, Cobley V, Cole CG, Conquer JS, Corby N, Connor RE, David R, Davies J, Davis C, Davis J, Delgado O, Deshazo D, Dhami P, Ding Y, Dinh H, Dodsworth S, Draper H, Dugan-Rocha S, Dunham A, Dunn M, Durbin KJ, Dutta I, Eades T, Ellwood M, Emery-Cohen A, Errington H, Evans KL, Faulkner L, Francis F, Frankland J, Fraser AE, Galgoczy P, Gilbert J, Gill R, Glockner G, Gregory SG, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Grocock R, Gu Y, Gwilliam R, Hamilton C, Hart EA, Hawes A, Heath PD, Heitmann K, Hennig S, Hernandez J, Hinzmann B, Ho S, Hoffs M, Howden PJ, Huckle EJ, Hume J, Hunt PJ, Hunt AR, Isherwood J, Jacob L, Johnson D, Jones S, de Jong PJ, Joseph SS, Keenan S, Kelly S, Kershaw JK, Khan Z, Kioschis P, Klages S, Knights AJ, Kosiura A, Kovar-Smith C, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leversha M, Lewis L, Liu W, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Loulseged H, Loveland JE, Lovell JD, Lozado R, Lu J, Lyne R, Ma J, Maheshwari M, Matthews LH, McDowall J, McLaren S, McMurray A, Meidl P, Meitinger T, Milne S, Miner G, Mistry SL, Morgan M, Morris S, Muller I, Mullikin JC, Nguyen N, Nordsiek G, Nyakatura G, O'Dell CN, Okwuonu G, Palmer S, Pandian R, Parker D, Parrish J, Pasternak S, Patel D, Pearce AV, Pearson DM, Pelan SE, Perez L, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Reichwald K, Rhodes S, Ridler KA, Schlessinger D, Schueler MG, Sehra HK, Shaw-Smith C, Shen H, Sheridan EM, Shownkeen R, Skuce CD, Smith ML, Sotheran EC, Steingruber HE, Steward CA, Storey R, Swann RM, Swarbreck D, Tabor PE, Taudien S, Taylor T, Teague B, Thomas K, Thorpe A, Timms K, Tracey A, Trevanion S, Tromans AC, d'Urso M, Verduzco D, Villasana D, Waldron L, Wall M, Wang Q, Warren J, Warry GL, Wei X, West A, Whitehead SL, Whiteley MN, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams G, Williams L, Williamson A, Williamson H, Wilming L, Woodmansey RL, Wray PW, Yen J, Zhang J, Zhou J, Zoghbi H, Zorilla S, Buck D, Reinhardt R, Poustka A, Rosenthal A, Lehrach H, Meindl A, Minx PJ, Hillier LW, Willard HF, Wilson RK, Waterston RH, Rice CM, Vaudin M, Coulson A, Nelson DL, Weinstock G, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Gibbs RA, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR: The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome. Nature. 2005 Mar 17;434(7031):325-37. [PubMed ]
Sjoblom T, Jones S, Wood LD, Parsons DW, Lin J, Barber TD, Mandelker D, Leary RJ, Ptak J, Silliman N, Szabo S, Buckhaults P, Farrell C, Meeh P, Markowitz SD, Willis J, Dawson D, Willson JK, Gazdar AF, Hartigan J, Wu L, Liu C, Parmigiani G, Park BH, Bachman KE, Papadopoulos N, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Velculescu VE: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):268-74. Epub 2006 Sep 7. [PubMed ]
Greenman C, Stephens P, Smith R, Dalgliesh GL, Hunter C, Bignell G, Davies H, Teague J, Butler A, Stevens C, Edkins S, O'Meara S, Vastrik I, Schmidt EE, Avis T, Barthorpe S, Bhamra G, Buck G, Choudhury B, Clements J, Cole J, Dicks E, Forbes S, Gray K, Halliday K, Harrison R, Hills K, Hinton J, Jenkinson A, Jones D, Menzies A, Mironenko T, Perry J, Raine K, Richardson D, Shepherd R, Small A, Tofts C, Varian J, Webb T, West S, Widaa S, Yates A, Cahill DP, Louis DN, Goldstraw P, Nicholson AG, Brasseur F, Looijenga L, Weber BL, Chiew YE, DeFazio A, Greaves MF, Green AR, Campbell P, Birney E, Easton DF, Chenevix-Trench G, Tan MH, Khoo SK, Teh BT, Yuen ST, Leung SY, Wooster R, Futreal PA, Stratton MR: Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes. Nature. 2007 Mar 8;446(7132):153-8. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 116 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 117 [top]

Enzyme 117 ID

6367

Enzyme 117 Name

Poly(A) polymerase alpha

Enzyme 117 Synonyms

PAP-alpha
Polynucleotide adenylyltransferase alpha

Enzyme 117 Gene Name

PAPOLA

Enzyme 117 Protein Sequence

>Poly(A) polymerase alpha

MPFPVTTQGSQQTQPPQKHYGITSPISLAAPKETDCVLTQKLIETLKPFGVFEEEEELQR
RILILGKLNNLVKEWIREISESKNLPQSVIENVGGKIFTFGSYRLGVHTKGADIDALCVA
PRHVDRSDFFTSFYDKLKLQEEVKDLRAVEEAFVPVIKLCFDGIEIDILFARLALQTIPE
DLDLRDDSLLKNLDIRCIRSLNGCRVTDEILHLVPNIDNFRLTLRAIKLWAKRHNIYSNI
LGFLGGVSWAMLVARTCQLYPNAIASTLVHKFFLVFSKWEWPNPVLLKQPEECNLNLPVW
DPRVNPSDRYHLMPIITPAYPQQNSTYNVSVSTRMVMVEEFKQGLAITDEILLSKAEWSK
LFEAPNFFQKYKHYIVLLASAPTEKQRLEWVGLVESKIRILVGSLEKNEFITLAHVNPQS
FPAPKENPDKEEFRTMWVIGLVFKKTENSENLSVDLTYDIQSFTDTVYRQAINSKMFEVD
MKIAAMHVKRKQLHQLLPNHVLQKKKKHSTEGVKLTALNDSSLDLSMDSDNSMSVPSPTS
ATKTSPLNSSGSSQGRNSPAPAVTAASVTNIQATEVSVPQVNSSESSGGTSSESIPQTAT
QPAISPPPKPTVSRVVSSTRLVNPPPRSSGNAATSGNAATKIPTPIVGVKRTSSPHKEES
PKKTKTEEDETSEDANCLALSGHDKTEAKEQLDTETSTTQSETIQTAASLLASQKTSSTD
LSDIPALPANPIPVIKNSIKLRLNR

Enzyme 117 Number of Residues

745

Enzyme 117 Molecular Weight

82841.8

Enzyme 117 Theoretical pI

7.40

Enzyme 117 GO Classification

Function
RNA binding adenylyltransferase activity binding catalytic activity nucleic acid binding nucleotidyltransferase activity polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
RNA 3'-end processing RNA metabolic process RNA polyadenylation RNA processing biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process transcription
Component
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle membrane-bounded organelle nucleus organelle

Enzyme 117 General Function

Involved in nucleotidyltransferase activity

Enzyme 117 Specific Function

Polymerase that creates the 3'-poly(A) tail of mRNA's. Also required for the endoribonucleolytic cleavage reaction at some polyadenylation sites. May acquire specificity through interaction with a cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) at its C-terminus

Enzyme 117 Pathways

Not Available

Enzyme 117 Reactions

ATP + RNAn = diphosphate + RNAn+1 [RN:R00435]

Enzyme 117 Pfam Domain Function

NTP_transf_2 (PF01909 )
PAP_central (PF04928 )
PAP_RNA-bind (PF04926 )

Enzyme 117 Signals

None

Enzyme 117 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 117 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 117 GenBank ID Protein

32490557

Enzyme 117 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

P51003

Enzyme 117 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

PAPOA_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 117 PDB ID

1Q78

Enzyme 117 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 117 3D Structure

Enzyme 117 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 117 Gene Sequence

>2238 bp

ATGCCGTTTCCAGTTACAACACAGGGATCACAACAAACACAACCGCCACAGAAGCACTAT
GGCATTACTTCTCCTATCAGCTTAGCAGCCCCCAAGGAGACTGACTGCGTACTTACACAG
AAACTAATTGAGACATTGAAACCCTTTGGGGTTTTTGAAGAGGAAGAGGAACTGCAGCGC
AGGATTTTAATTTTGGGAAAACTAAATAACCTGGTAAAAGAGTGGATACGAGAAATCAGT
GAAAGCAAGAATCTTCCACAATCTGTAATTGAAAATGTTGGAGGAAAAATTTTTACATTT
GGATCTTACAGATTAGGAGTGCATACAAAAGGTGCTGATATTGATGCGTTGTGTGTTGCA
CCAAGACATGTTGATCGAAGTGACTTTTTCACCTCATTCTATGATAAGTTGAAATTACAG
GAAGAAGTAAAAGATTTAAGAGCTGTTGAAGAGGCATTCGTACCAGTTATTAAACTCTGT
TTTGATGGGATAGAGATTGATATTTTGTTTGCAAGATTAGCACTGCAGACAATTCCTGAA
GATTTGGATCTACGAGATGACAGTCTGCTAAAAAATTTAGATATAAGATGTATAAGAAGT
CTTAACGGTTGCAGGGTAACCGATGAAATTTTACATCTAGTACCAAACATTGACAACTTC
AGGTTAACTCTGAGAGCTATCAAACTATGGGCCAAACGCCACAACATCTATTCCAATATA
TTAGGTTTCCTCGGTGGTGTTTCCTGGGCTATGCTAGTAGCAAGAACTTGCCAGCTTTAT
CCAAATGCAATAGCATCAACTCTTGTACATAAATTTTTCTTGGTATTTTCTAAATGGGAA
TGGCCAAATCCAGTGCTATTGAAACAGCCTGAAGAATGCAATCTTAATTTGCCTGTATGG
GACCCAAGGGTAAACCCCAGTGATAGGTACCATCTTATGCCTATAATTACACCAGCATAC
CCACAACAGAACTCCACGTACAATGTGTCCGTTTCAACACGGATGGTCATGGTTGAGGAG
TTTAAACAAGGTCTTGCTATCACAGATGAAATTTTGCTGAGTAAGGCAGAGTGGTCCAAA
CTTTTTGAAGCTCCAAACTTCTTTCAAAAGTACAAGCATTATATTGTACTTCTAGCAAGT
GCACCAACAGAAAAACAACGCCTGGAATGGGTGGGCTTGGTGGAATCAAAAATCCGAATC
CTGGTTGGAAGCTTGGAGAAGAATGAATTTATTACACTGGCTCATGTGAATCCCCAGTCA
TTTCCAGCACCCAAAGAAAATCCCGACAAGGAAGAATTTCGCACGATGTGGGTGATTGGG
TTAGTGTTTAAAAAAACAGAAAACTCTGAAAACCTCAGTGTTGATCTCACCTATGATATT
CAGTCTTTCACAGATACAGTTTATAGGCAAGCAATAAACAGCAAGATGTTTGAGGTGGAT
ATGAAAATTGCTGCAATGCATGTAAAAAGAAAGCAACTCCATCAACTACTACCTAATCAT
GTGCTTCAGAAAAAGAAAAAGCATTCAACAGAAGGTGTCAAATTGACAGCTCTCAATGAC
AGCAGCCTCGACTTGTCTATGGACAGTGATAACAGCATGTCTGTGCCTTCACCTACTAGT
GCTACGAAGACCAGTCCATTGAACAGTTCTGGCAGCTCTCAGGGCAGAAACAGTCCTGCT
CCAGCTGTAACAGCAGCATCTGTGACCAACATACAGGCTACTGAAGTTTCTGTGCCACAA
GTAAATTCCAGTGAAAGCTCAGGGGGTACATCGAGTGAAAGCATTCCTCAAACTGCCACA
CAACCAGCCATTTCTCCACCACCAAAGCCTACGGTCTCCAGAGTTGTTTCTTCAACACGT
CTGGTAAACCCACCACCTAGATCTTCAGGAAATGCAGCAACTTCAGGAAATGCAGCAACA
AAAATACCTACTCCTATAGTAGGAGTCAAGAGGACATCCTCACCTCATAAAGAAGAGAGT
CCCAAGAAAACCAAAACAGAAGAGGATGAAACAAGTGAAGATGCTAACTGTCTTGCTTTG
AGTGGACATGATAAAACAGAAGCAAAGGAACAACTTGATACAGAGACAAGTACAACTCAA
TCAGAAACTATTCAGACAGCGGCTTCTCTGTTGGCCTCTCAGAAAACATCCAGTACAGAC
CTTTCTGATATCCCTGCTCTCCCTGCAAATCCTATTCCTGTTATCAAGAATTCAATAAAA
CTGAGATTGAATCGGTAA

Enzyme 117 GenBank Gene ID

NM_032632.3 Link Image

Enzyme 117 GeneCard ID

PAPOLA

Enzyme 117 GenAtlas ID

PAPOLA

Enzyme 117 HGNC ID

HGNC:14981 Link Image

Enzyme 117 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 117 Locus

14q32.31

Enzyme 117 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 117 General References

Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Thuresson AC, Astrom J, Astrom A, Gronvik KO, Virtanen A: Multiple forms of poly(A) polymerases in human cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Feb 1;91(3):979-83. [PubMed ]
Dettwiler S, Aringhieri C, Cardinale S, Keller W, Barabino SM: Distinct sequence motifs within the 68-kDa subunit of cleavage factor Im mediate RNA binding, protein-protein interactions, and subcellular localization. J Biol Chem. 2004 Aug 20;279(34):35788-97. Epub 2004 May 28. [PubMed ]
Kaufmann I, Martin G, Friedlein A, Langen H, Keller W: Human Fip1 is a subunit of CPSF that binds to U-rich RNA elements and stimulates poly(A) polymerase. EMBO J. 2004 Feb 11;23(3):616-26. Epub 2004 Jan 29. [PubMed ]
Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, Elias JE, Villen J, Li J, Cohn MA, Cantley LC, Gygi SP: Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Aug 17;101(33):12130-5. Epub 2004 Aug 9. [PubMed ]
Yu LR, Zhu Z, Chan KC, Issaq HJ, Dimitrov DS, Veenstra TD: Improved titanium dioxide enrichment of phosphopeptides from HeLa cells and high confident phosphopeptide identification by cross-validation of MS/MS and MS/MS/MS spectra. J Proteome Res. 2007 Nov;6(11):4150-62. Epub 2007 Oct 9. [PubMed ]
Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]
Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 117 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 118 [top]

Enzyme 118 ID

6368

Enzyme 118 Name

UDP-N-acetylhexosamine pyrophosphorylase

Enzyme 118 Synonyms

Antigen X
AGX
Sperm-associated antigen 2
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine pyrophosphorylase
AGX-1
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase
AGX-2

Enzyme 118 Gene Name

UAP1

Enzyme 118 Protein Sequence

>UDP-N-acetylhexosamine pyrophosphorylase

MNINDLKLTLSKAGQEHLLRFWNELEEAQQVELYAELQAMNFEELNFFFQKAIEGFNQSS
HQKNVDARMEPVPREVLGSATRDQDQLQAWESEGLFQISQNKVAVLLLAGGQGTRLGVAY
PKGMYDVGLPSRKTLFQIQAERILKLQQVAEKYYGNKCIIPWYIMTSGRTMESTKEFFTK
HKYFGLKKENVIFFQQGMLPAMSFDGKIILEEKNKVSMAPDGNGGLYRALAAQNIVEDME
QRGIWSIHVYCVDNILVKVADPRFIGFCIQKGADCGAKVVEKTNPTEPVGVVCRVDGVYQ
VVEYSEISLATAQKRSSDGRLLFNAGNIANHFFTVPFLRDVVNVYEPQLQHHVAQKKIPY
VDTQGQLIKPDKPNGIKMEKFVFDIFQFAKKFVVYEVLREDEFSPLKNADSQNGKDNPTT
ARHALMSLHHCWVLNAGGHFIDENGSRLPAIPRSATNGKSETITADVNHNLKDANDVPIQ
CEISPLISYAGEGLESYVADKEFHAPLIIDENGVHELVKNGI

Enzyme 118 Number of Residues

522

Enzyme 118 Molecular Weight

58768.7

Enzyme 118 Theoretical pI

6.29

Enzyme 118 GO Classification

Function
catalytic activity nucleotidyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 118 General Function

Involved in nucleotidyltransferase activity

Enzyme 118 Specific Function

Converts UDP and GlcNAc-1-P into UDP-GlcNAc, and UDP and GalNAc-1-P into UDP-GalNAc. Isoform AGX1 has 2 to 3 times higher activity towards GalNAc-1-P, while isoform AGX2 has 8 times more activity towards GlcNAc-1-P

Enzyme 118 Pathways

Aminosugars metabolism (map00530 )

Enzyme 118 Reactions

UTP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate = diphosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine [RN:R00416]

Enzyme 118 Pfam Domain Function

UDPGP (PF01704 )

Enzyme 118 Signals

None

Enzyme 118 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 118 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 118 GenBank ID Protein

156627575

Enzyme 118 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q16222

Enzyme 118 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

UAP1_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 118 PDB ID

1JVG

Enzyme 118 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 118 3D Structure

Enzyme 118 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 118 Gene Sequence

>1518 bp

ATGAACATTAATGACCTCAAACTCACGTTGTCCAAAGCTGGGCAAGAGCACCTACTACGT
TTCTGGAATGAGCTTGAAGAAGCCCAACAGGTAGAACTTTATGCAGAGCTCCAGGCCATG
AACTTTGAGGAGCTGAACTTCTTTTTCCAAAAGGCCATTGAAGGTTTTAACCAGTCTTCT
CACCAAAAGAATGTGGATGCACGAATGGAACCTGTGCCTCGAGAGGTATTAGGCAGTGCT
ACAAGGGATCAAGATCAGCTCCAGGCCTGGGAAAGTGAAGGACTTTTCCAGATTTCTCAG
AATAAAGTAGCAGTTCTTCTTCTAGCTGGTGGGCAGGGGACAAGACTCGGCGTTGCATAT
CCTAAGGGGATGTATGATGTTGGTTTGCCATCCCGTAAGACACTTTTTCAGATTCAAGCA
GAGCGTATCCTGAAGCTACAGCAGGTTGCTGAAAAATATTATGGCAACAAATGCATTATT
CCATGGTATATAATGACCAGTGGCAGAACAATGGAATCTACAAAGGAGTTCTTCACCAAG
CACAAGTACTTTGGTTTAAAAAAAGAGAATGTAATCTTTTTTCAGCAAGGAATGCTCCCC
GCCATGAGTTTTGATGGGAAAATTATTTTGGAAGAGAAGAACAAAGTTTCTATGGCTCCA
GATGGGAATGGTGGTCTTTATCGGGCACTTGCAGCCCAGAATATTGTGGAGGATATGGAG
CAAAGAGGCATTTGGAGCATTCATGTCTATTGTGTTGACAACATATTAGTAAAAGTGGCA
GACCCACGGTTCATTGGATTTTGCATTCAGAAAGGAGCAGACTGTGGAGCAAAGGTGGTA
GAGAAAACGAACCCTACAGAACCAGTTGGAGTGGTTTGCCGAGTGGATGGAGTTTACCAG
GTGGTAGAATATAGTGAGATTTCCCTGGCAACAGCTCAAAAACGAAGCTCAGACGGACGA
CTGCTGTTCAATGCGGGGAACATTGCCAACCATTTCTTCACTGTACCATTTCTGAGAGAT
GTTGTCAATGTTTATGAACCTCAGTTGCAGCACCATGTGGCTCAAAAGAAGATTCCTTAT
GTGGATACCCAAGGACAGTTAATTAAGCCAGACAAACCCAATGGAATAAAGATGGAAAAA
TTTGTCTTTGACATCTTCCAGTTTGCAAAGAAGTTTGTGGTATATGAAGTATTGCGAGAA
GATGAGTTTTCCCCACTAAAGAATGCTGATAGTCAGAATGGGAAAGACAACCCTACTACT
GCAAGGCATGCTTTGATGTCCCTTCATCATTGCTGGGTCCTCAATGCAGGGGGCCATTTC
ATAGATGAAAATGGCTCTCGCCTTCCAGCAATTCCCCGCTTGAAGGATGCCAATGATGTA
CCAATCCAATGTGAAATCTCTCCTCTTATCTCCTATGCTGGAGAAGGATTAGAAAGTTAT
GTGGCAGATAAAGAATTCCATGCACCTCTAATCATCGATGAGAATGGAGTTCATGAGCTG
GTGAAAAATGGTATTTGA

Enzyme 118 GenBank Gene ID

NM_003115

Enzyme 118 GeneCard ID

UAP1

Enzyme 118 GenAtlas ID

UAP1

Enzyme 118 HGNC ID

HGNC:12457 Link Image

Enzyme 118 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 118 Locus

1q23.3

Enzyme 118 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 118 General References

Diekman AB, Goldberg E: Characterization of a human antigen with sera from infertile patients. Biol Reprod. 1994 May;50(5):1087-93. [PubMed ]
Mio T, Yabe T, Arisawa M, Yamada-Okabe H: The eukaryotic UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylases. Gene cloning, protein expression, and catalytic mechanism. J Biol Chem. 1998 Jun 5;273(23):14392-7. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Wang-Gillam A, Pastuszak I, Elbein AD: A 17-amino acid insert changes UDP-N-acetylhexosamine pyrophosphorylase specificity from UDP-GalNAc to UDP-GlcNAc. J Biol Chem. 1998 Oct 16;273(42):27055-7. [PubMed ]
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
Peneff C, Ferrari P, Charrier V, Taburet Y, Monnier C, Zamboni V, Winter J, Harnois M, Fassy F, Bourne Y: Crystal structures of two human pyrophosphorylase isoforms in complexes with UDPGlc(Gal)NAc: role of the alternatively spliced insert in the enzyme oligomeric assembly and active site architecture. EMBO J. 2001 Nov 15;20(22):6191-202. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 118 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 119 [top]

Enzyme 119 ID

6369

Enzyme 119 Name

mRNA-capping enzyme

Enzyme 119 Synonyms

HCAP1
HCE
Polynucleotide 5'-triphosphatase
mRNA 5'-triphosphatase
TPase
mRNA guanylyltransferase
GTP--RNA guanylyltransferase
GTase

Enzyme 119 Gene Name

RNGTT

Enzyme 119 Protein Sequence

>mRNA-capping enzyme

MAHNKIPPRWLNCPRRGQPVAGRFLPLKTMLGPRYDSQVAEENRFHPSMLSNYLKSLKVK
MGLLVDLTNTSRFYDRNDIEKEGIKYIKLQCKGHGECPTTENTETFIRLCERFNERNPPE
LIGVHCTHGFNRTGFLICAFLVEKMDWSIEAAVATFAQARPPGIYKGDYLKELFRRYGDI
EEAPPPPLLPDWCFEDDEDEDEDEDGKKESEPGSSASFGKRRKERLKLGAIFLEGVTVKG
VTQVTTQPKLGEVQQKCHQFCGWEGSGFPGAQPVSMDKQNIKLLDLKPYKVSWKADGTRY
MMLIDGTNEVFMIDRDNSVFHVSNLEFPFRKDLRMHLSNTLLDGEMIIDRVNGQAVPRYL
IYDIIKFNSQPVGDCDFNVRLQCIEREIISPRHEKMKTGLIDKTQEPFSVRNKPFFDICT
SRKLLEGNFAKEVSHEMDGLIFQPTGKYKPGRCDDILKWKPPSLNSVDFRLKITRMGGEG
LLPQNVGLLYVGGYERPFAQIKVTKELKQYDNKIIECKFENNSWVFMRQRTDKSFPNAYN
TAMAVCNSISNPVTKEMLFEFIDRCTAASQGQKRKHHLDPDTELMPPPPPKRPRPLT

Enzyme 119 Number of Residues

597

Enzyme 119 Molecular Weight

68556.2

Enzyme 119 Theoretical pI

8.23

Enzyme 119 GO Classification

Function
RNA guanylyltransferase activity catalytic activity guanylyltransferase activity hydrolase activity hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds mRNA guanylyltransferase activity nucleotide phosphatase activity nucleotidyltransferase activity phosphatase activity phosphoprotein phosphatase activity phosphoric ester hydrolase activity polynucleotide 5'-phosphatase activity protein tyrosine phosphatase activity protein tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
RNA metabolic process RNA processing cellular macromolecule metabolic process cellular metabolic process dephosphorylation mRNA capping mRNA processing macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process phosphate metabolic process phosphorus metabolic process protein amino acid dephosphorylation
Component
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle membrane-bounded organelle nucleus organelle

Enzyme 119 General Function

Involved in phosphatase activity

Enzyme 119 Specific Function

Bifunctional mRNA-capping enzyme exhibiting RNA 5'- triphosphatase activity in the N-terminal part and mRNA guanylyltransferase activity in the C-terminal part. Catalyzes the first two steps of cap formation:by removing the gamma-phosphate from the 5'-triphosphate end of nascent mRNA to yield a diphosphate end, and by transferring the gmp moiety of GTP to the 5'-diphosphate terminus

Enzyme 119 Pathways

Not Available

Enzyme 119 Reactions

a 5'-phosphopolynucleotide + H2O = a polynucleotide + phosphate [RN:R02249]

Enzyme 119 Pfam Domain Function

DSPc (PF00782 )
mRNA_cap_C (PF03919 )
mRNA_cap_enzyme (PF01331 )

Enzyme 119 Signals

None

Enzyme 119 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 119 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 119 GenBank ID Protein

3097308

Enzyme 119 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

O60942

Enzyme 119 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

MCE1_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 119 PDB ID

1I9S

Enzyme 119 PDB File

Show

Enzyme 119 3D Structure

Enzyme 119 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 119 Gene Sequence

>1794 bp

ATGGCTCACAACAAGATCCCGCCGCGGTGGCTGAACTGTCCCCGGCGCGGCCAGCCGGTG
GCAGGAAGATTCTTACCTCTGAAGACAATGTTAGGACCAAGATATGATAGTCAAGTTGCT
GAAGAAAATCGGTTCCATCCCAGCATGCTCTCAAATTACCTAAAGAGCCTAAAGGTTAAA
ATGGGCTTGTTGGTGGACCTGACAAATACTTCAAGGTTCTATGACCGAAATGACATAGAA
AAAGAAGGAATCAAATATATAAAACTTCAGTGTAAAGGACATGGTGAGTGCCCTACCACT
GAGAATACTGAGACCTTTATTCGTCTGTGTGAGCGGTTTAATGAAAGAAATCCACCTGAA
CTTATAGGTGTTCATTGTACTCATGGCTTCAATCGCACTGGTTTCCTCATATGTGCCTTT
TTGGTGGAGAAAATGGATTGGAGTATCGAAGCAGCAGTTGCTACTTTTGCCCAAGCCAGA
CCACCAGGAATCTACAAGGGTGATTATTTGAAGGAACTTTTTCGTCGGTATGGTGACATA
GAGGAAGCACCACCCCCACCTCTATTGCCAGATTGGTGTTTTGAGGATGATGAAGACGAA
GATGAGGATGAGGATGGAAAGAAGGAATCAGAACCCGGGTCAAGTGCTTCTTTTGGCAAA
AGGAGAAAAGAACGGTTAAAACTGGGCGCTATTTTCTTGGAAGGTGTTACTGTTAAAGGT
GTAACTCAAGTAACAACACAACCAAAGTTAGGAGAGGTACAGCAGAAGTGTCATCAATTC
TGTGGCTGGGAAGGGTCTGGATTCCCTGGAGCACAGCCTGTTTCCATGGACAAGCAAAAT
ATTAAACTTTTAGACCTGAAGCCATACAAAGTAAGCTGGAAAGCAGATGGTACTCGGTAC
ATGATGTTGATTGATGGCACAAATGAAGTTTTTATGATTGATAGAGACAATTCAGTATTT
CATGTTTCAAATCTGGAATTTCCATTTCGTAAAGATCTTCGTATGCATTTATCAAATACT
CTCTTGGATGGCGAGATGATTATTGACAGAGTAAATGGACAGGCTGTTCCTAGATATTTG
ATATATGACATAATTAAATTCAATTCACAGCCCGTTGGAGATTGTGATTTTAATGTTCGT
CTGCAGTGTATAGAACGAGAAATTATAAGTCCTCGACACGAAAAAATGAAGACTGGGCTC
ATTGACAAAACACAGGAACCATTTAGCGTCAGAAATAAGCCGTTTTTTGACATCTGTACT
TCAAGAAAGCTACTTGAAGGAAATTTTGCCAAAGAAGTGAGCCATGAAATGGATGGACTT
ATTTTTCAGCCTACTGGAAAATACAAACCTGGTCGATGTGATGATATTTTGAAATGGAAG
CCTCCCAGTCTGAATTCTGTGGATTTTCGTCTAAAAATAACAAGAATGGGAGGAGAAGGG
TTACTTCCTCAGAATGTTGGCCTCCTGTATGTTGGAGGTTATGAAAGACCCTTTGCACAA
ATCAAGGTGACAAAAGAGCTGAAACAGTATGACAACAAAATTATAGAATGCAAATTTGAG
AACAACAGCTGGGTCTTCATGAGACAGAGAACAGACAAAAGTTTTCCTAATGCCTACAAC
ACTGCCATGGCTGTGTGTAACAGCATCTCAAACCCTGTCACCAAGGAGATGCTGTTTGAG
TTCATCGACAGATGTACTGCAGCTTCTCAAGGACAGAAGCGAAAACATCATCTGGACCCT
GACACGGAGCTCATGCCACCACCACCTCCCAAAAGACCACGCCCTTTAACCTAA

Enzyme 119 GenBank Gene ID

AB009022

Enzyme 119 GeneCard ID

RNGTT

Enzyme 119 GenAtlas ID

RNGTT

Enzyme 119 HGNC ID

HGNC:10073 Link Image

Enzyme 119 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 119 Locus

6q16

Enzyme 119 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 119 General References

Yue Z, Maldonado E, Pillutla R, Cho H, Reinberg D, Shatkin AJ: Mammalian capping enzyme complements mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking mRNA guanylyltransferase and selectively binds the elongating form of RNA polymerase II. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Nov 25;94(24):12898-903. [PubMed ]
Yamada-Okabe T, Doi R, Shimmi O, Arisawa M, Yamada-Okabe H: Isolation and characterization of a human cDNA for mRNA 5'-capping enzyme. Nucleic Acids Res. 1998 Apr 1;26(7):1700-6. [PubMed ]
Tsukamoto T, Shibagaki Y, Murakoshi T, Suzuki M, Nakamura A, Gotoh H, Mizumoto K: Cloning and characterization of two human cDNAs encoding the mRNA capping enzyme. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Feb 4;243(1):101-8. [PubMed ]
Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, Edwards CA, Ashurst JL, Wilming L, Jones MC, Horton R, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Gilbert JG, Clamp ME, Bethel G, Milne S, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Andrews TD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bray-Allen S, Brook J, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clark G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley V, Collier RE, Collins JE, Colman LK, Corby NR, Coville GJ, Culley KM, Dhami P, Davies J, Dunn M, Earthrowl ME, Ellington AE, Evans KA, Faulkner L, Francis MD, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori MJ, Gilby LM, Gillson CJ, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Grant M, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths M, Hall R, Halls KS, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart EA, Heath PD, Heathcott R, Holmes SJ, Howden PJ, Howe KL, Howell GR, Huckle E, Humphray SJ, Humphries MD, Hunt AR, Johnson CM, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan SJ, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd CR, Lloyd DM, Loveland JE, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Maslen GL, Matthews L, McCann OT, McLaren SJ, McLay K, McMurray A, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Niblett D, Nickerson T, Novik KL, Oliver K, Overton-Larty EK, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Phillimore B, Phillips S, Plumb RW, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Ranby SA, Rice CM, Ross MT, Searle SM, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Skuce CD, Smith S, Smith M, Spraggon L, Squares SL, Steward CA, Sycamore N, Tamlyn-Hall G, Tester J, Theaker AJ, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tubby B, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, White SS, Whitehead SL, Whittaker H, Wild A, Willey DJ, Wilmer TE, Wood JM, Wray PW, Wyatt JC, Young L, Younger RM, Bentley DR, Coulson A, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Sulston JE, Dunham I, Rogers J, Beck S: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. Nature. 2003 Oct 23;425(6960):805-11. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Pillutla RC, Yue Z, Maldonado E, Shatkin AJ: Recombinant human mRNA cap methyltransferase binds capping enzyme/RNA polymerase IIo complexes. J Biol Chem. 1998 Aug 21;273(34):21443-6. [PubMed ]
Wen Y, Shatkin AJ: Transcription elongation factor hSPT5 stimulates mRNA capping. Genes Dev. 1999 Jul 15;13(14):1774-9. [PubMed ]
Chiu YL, Coronel E, Ho CK, Shuman S, Rana TM: HIV-1 Tat protein interacts with mammalian capping enzyme and stimulates capping of TAR RNA. J Biol Chem. 2001 Apr 20;276(16):12959-66. Epub 2001 Jan 18. [PubMed ]
Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 119 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 120 [top]

Enzyme 120 ID

6370

Enzyme 120 Name

Poly(A) polymerase gamma

Enzyme 120 Synonyms

PAP-gamma
Neo-poly(A) polymerase
Neo-PAP
Polynucleotide adenylyltransferase gamma
SRP RNA 3'-adenylating enzyme

Enzyme 120 Gene Name

PAPOLG

Enzyme 120 Protein Sequence

>Poly(A) polymerase gamma

MKEMSANTVLDSQRQQKHYGITSPISLASPKEIDHIYTQKLIDAMKPFGVFEDEEELNHR
LVVLGKLNNLVKEWISDVSESKNLPPSVVATVGGKIFTFGSYRLGVHTKGADIDALCVAP
RHVERSDFFQSFFEKLKHQDGIRNLRAVEDAFVPVIKFEFDGIEIDLVFARLAIQTISDN
LDLRDDSRLRSLDIRCIRSLNGCRVTDEILHLVPNKETFRLTLRAVKLWAKRRGIYSNML
GFLGGVSWAMLVARTCQLYPNAAASTLVHKFFLVFSKWEWPNPVLLKQPEESNLNLPVWD
PRVNPSDRYHLMPIITPAYPQQNSTYNVSTSTRTVMVEEFKQGLAVTDEILQGKSDWSKL
LEPPNFFQKYRHYIVLTASASTEENHLEWVGLVESKIRVLVGNLERNEFITLAHVNPQSF
PGNKEHHKDNNYVSMWFLGIIFRRVENAESVNIDLTYDIQSFTDTVYRQANNINMLKEGM
KIEATHVKKKQLHHYLPAEILQKKKKQSLSDVNRSSGGLQSKRLSLDSSCLDSSRDTDNG
TPFNSPASKSDSPSVGETERNSAEPAAVIVEKPLSVPPAQGLSIPVIGAKVDSTVKTVSP
PTVCTIPTVVGRNVIPRITTPHNPAQGQPHLNGMSNITKTVTPKRSHSPSIDGTPKRLKD
VEKFIRLESTFKDPRTAEERKRKSVDAIGGESMPIPTIDTSRKKRLPSKELPDSSSPVPA
NNIRVIKNSIRLTLNR

Enzyme 120 Number of Residues

736

Enzyme 120 Molecular Weight

82801.9

Enzyme 120 Theoretical pI

9.67

Enzyme 120 GO Classification

Function
RNA binding adenylyltransferase activity binding catalytic activity nucleic acid binding nucleotidyltransferase activity polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
RNA 3'-end processing RNA metabolic process RNA polyadenylation RNA processing biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process metabolic process transcription
Component
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle membrane-bounded organelle nucleus organelle

Enzyme 120 General Function

Involved in nucleotidyltransferase activity

Enzyme 120 Specific Function

Responsible for the post-transcriptional adenylation of the 3'-terminal of mRNA precursors and several small RNAs including signal recognition particle (SRP) RNA, nuclear 7SK RNA, U2 small nuclear RNA, and ribosomal 5S RNA

Enzyme 120 Pathways

Not Available

Enzyme 120 Reactions

ATP + RNAn = diphosphate + RNAn+1 [RN:R00435]

Enzyme 120 Pfam Domain Function

NTP_transf_2 (PF01909 )
PAP_central (PF04928 )
PAP_RNA-bind (PF04926 )

Enzyme 120 Signals

None

Enzyme 120 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 120 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 120 GenBank ID Protein

15080911

Enzyme 120 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q9BWT3

Enzyme 120 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

PAPOG_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 120 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 120 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 120 Gene Sequence

>2211 bp

ATGAAAGAGATGTCTGCAAACACCGTGCTGGACAGCCAGCGTCAACAAAAGCATTATGGA
ATTACCTCCCCAATTAGTTTGGCATCTCCTAAAGAAATTGATCATATTTACACACAGAAA
TTAATTGACGCCATGAAACCATTTGGAGTGTTTGAAGATGAGGAAGAATTGAACCACAGG
CTGGTGGTTCTTGGTAAATTGAACAATTTAGTAAAAGAATGGATTTCTGATGTCAGCGAG
AGTAAGAACCTCCCACCTTCTGTTGTGGCTACTGTTGGTGGTAAAATTTTCACATTTGGA
TCCTATAGGCTTGGAGTACACACCAAAGGAGCTGACATTGATGCACTTTGTGTAGCTCCA
AGACATGTGGAAAGATCTGATTTTTTTCAGTCTTTTTTTGAAAAATTGAAACATCAAGAT
GGCATTAGAAACTTAAGAGCTGTAGAAGATGCCTTTGTACCTGTTATAAAATTTGAATTT
GATGGTATTGAAATTGATCTAGTCTTTGCAAGACTGGCAATACAAACCATATCAGATAAT
TTAGATCTAAGAGACGACTCTCGCCTGAGAAGCCTTGATATAAGGTGTATTCGCAGCTTA
AATGGTTGTAGAGTTACTGATGAAATTTTGCATTTAGTGCCAAATAAAGAAACTTTTAGA
CTCACCCTAAGAGCTGTCAAATTATGGGCAAAACGACGTGGTATTTATTCCAACATGCTA
GGATTCCTTGGTGGTGTCTCCTGGGCAATGCTAGTTGCAAGAACTTGCCAATTGTATCCA
AATGCAGCAGCATCTACTTTAGTTCATAAGTTCTTTTTAGTTTTTTCCAAGTGGGAATGG
CCAAATCCTGTGCTGCTGAAGCAACCAGAAGAAAGCAATTTGAATTTGCCTGTCTGGGAT
CCTCGGGTAAATCCATCAGATAGGTATCATCTCATGCCCATAATCACCCCTGCCTACCCA
CAACAGAATTCTACGTATAATGTGTCCACATCAACTCGAACAGTAATGGTAGAAGAATTT
AAACAAGGTCTTGCAGTCACAGATGAAATTCTTCAAGGAAAGTCAGATTGGTCCAAACTA
CTTGAGCCACCGAATTTCTTTCAAAAGTATAGACATTATATAGTATTGACTGCCAGCGCA
TCAACAGAAGAAAACCATCTAGAGTGGGTTGGATTAGTAGAATCTAAAATCCGTGTACTT
GTTGGAAACTTGGAACGGAATGAATTTATTACTCTTGCCCATGTGAATCCCCAGTCATTC
CCAGGGAATAAGGAACATCATAAAGACAACAATTACGTATCAATGTGGTTCCTTGGGATA
ATTTTTCGGAGAGTAGAAAATGCAGAAAGTGTCAACATAGACTTGACATATGATATACAG
TCATTTACTGATACAGTGTACAGACAGGCAAACAATATAAATATGCTAAAGGAGGGAATG
AAAATTGAAGCAACTCATGTAAAGAAAAAACAACTTCACCACTACCTTCCTGCAGAAATT
CTTCAAAAGAAGAAAAAGCAAAGTCTCTCTGATGTCAATCGAAGCTCGGGCGGACTTCAA
TCCAAAAGATTGTCTCTGGATAGCAGTTGTCTGGATAGCTCCAGAGACACTGATAATGGA
ACACCTTTTAATTCTCCAGCGTCCAAGTCTGATAGCCCTTCTGTAGGAGAAACAGAAAGG
AATAGTGCTGAGCCTGCTGCTGTAATTGTGGAGAAGCCACTGAGTGTACCACCAGCCCAA
GGACTTTCCATTCCAGTGATTGGCGCAAAAGTTGACTCTACAGTAAAAACTGTATCACCC
CCCACTGTGTGTACCATTCCTACCGTAGTAGGACGAAATGTCATTCCTAGAATCACAACA
CCTCACAACCCTGCCCAGGGACAACCGCATCTGAATGGAATGTCAAATATAACTAAGACT
GTTACACCTAAGAGATCCCATTCCCCATCCATAGATGGGACTCCTAAGAGGTTGAAAGAC
GTAGAAAAGTTTATTCGACTTGAATCAACATTTAAGGACCCCCGCACTGCTGAAGAAAGA
AAAAGAAAATCAGTGGATGCCATTGGAGGAGAATCTATGCCTATTCCAACTATTGATACA
TCACGCAAAAAGAGACTACCCAGTAAAGAACTACCAGATTCATCATCTCCAGTTCCAGCA
AACAACATCCGTGTCATCAAAAATTCCATTCGACTGACCCTTAATCGGTAA

Enzyme 120 GenBank Gene ID

AF312211

Enzyme 120 GeneCard ID

PAPOLG

Enzyme 120 GenAtlas ID

PAPOLG

Enzyme 120 HGNC ID

HGNC:14982 Link Image

Enzyme 120 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 120 Locus

2p16.1

Enzyme 120 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 120 General References

Perumal K, Sinha K, Henning D, Reddy R: Purification, characterization, and cloning of the cDNA of human signal recognition particle RNA 3'-adenylating enzyme. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jun 15;276(24):21791-6. Epub 2001 Apr 3. [PubMed ]
Topalian SL, Kaneko S, Gonzales MI, Bond GL, Ward Y, Manley JL: Identification and functional characterization of neo-poly(A) polymerase, an RNA processing enzyme overexpressed in human tumors. Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Aug;21(16):5614-23. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, Elias JE, Villen J, Li J, Cohn MA, Cantley LC, Gygi SP: Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Aug 17;101(33):12130-5. Epub 2004 Aug 9. [PubMed ]
Cantin GT, Yi W, Lu B, Park SK, Xu T, Lee JD, Yates JR 3rd: Combining protein-based IMAC, peptide-based IMAC, and MudPIT for efficient phosphoproteomic analysis. J Proteome Res. 2008 Mar;7(3):1346-51. Epub 2008 Jan 26. [PubMed ]
Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]
Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 120 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 121 [top]

Enzyme 121 ID

7284

Enzyme 121 Name

Bifunctional coenzyme A synthase

Enzyme 121 Synonyms

CoA synthase
NBP
POV-2
Phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase
Dephospho-CoA pyrophosphorylase
Pantetheine-phosphate adenylyltransferase
PPAT
Dephospho-CoA kinase
DPCK
Dephosphocoenzyme A kinase
DPCOAK

Enzyme 121 Gene Name

COASY

Enzyme 121 Protein Sequence

>Bifunctional coenzyme A synthase

MAVFRSGLLVLTTPLASLAPRLASILTSAARLVNHTLYVHLQPGMSLEGPAQPQSSPVQA
TFEVLDFITHLYAGADVHRHLDVRILLTNIRTKSTFLPPLPTSVQNLAHPPEVVLTDFQT
LDGSQYNPVKQQLVRYATSCYSCCPRLASVLLYSDYGIGEVPVEPLDVPLPSTIRPASPV
AGSPKQPVRGYYRGAVGGTFDRLHNAHKVLLSVACILAQEQLVVGVADKDLLKSKLLPEL
LQPYTERVEHLSEFLVDIKPSLTFDVIPLLDPYGPAGSDPSLEFLVVSEETYRGGMAINR
FRLENDLEELALYQIQLLKDLRHTENEEDKVSSSSFRQRMLGNLLRPPYERPELPTCLYV
IGLTGISGSGKSSIAQRLKGLGAFVIDSDHLGHRAYAPGGPAYQPVVEAFGTDILHKDGI
INRKVLGSRVFGNKKQLKILTDIMWPIIAKLAREEMDRAVAEGKRVCVIDAAVLLEAGWQ
NLVHEVWTAVIPETEAVRRIVERDGLSEAAAQSRLQSQMSGQQLVEQSHVVLSTLWEPHI
TQRQVEKAWALLQKRIPKTHQALD

Enzyme 121 Number of Residues

564

Enzyme 121 Molecular Weight

62328.2

Enzyme 121 Theoretical pI

6.99

Enzyme 121 GO Classification

Function
ATP binding adenyl nucleotide binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding binding catalytic activity dephospho-CoA kinase activity kinase activity nucleoside binding nucleotidyltransferase activity purine nucleoside binding transferase activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
biosynthetic process cellular metabolic process coenzyme A biosynthetic process coenzyme biosynthetic process coenzyme metabolic process cofactor metabolic process metabolic process
Component
—

Enzyme 121 General Function

Involved in catalytic activity

Enzyme 121 Specific Function

Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the fourth and fifth sequential steps of CoA biosynthetic pathway. The fourth reaction is catalyzed by the phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase, coded by the coaD domain; the fifth reaction is catalyzed by the dephospho-CoA kinase, coded by the coaE domain. May act as a point of CoA biosynthesis regulation

Enzyme 121 Pathways

Pantothenate and CoA Biosynthesis (map00770 )

Enzyme 121 Reactions

ATP + pantetheine 4'-phosphate = diphosphate + 3'-dephospho-CoA [RN:R03035]

Enzyme 121 Pfam Domain Function

CoaE (PF01121 )
CTP_transf_2 (PF01467 )

Enzyme 121 Signals

None

Enzyme 121 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 121 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 121 GenBank ID Protein

110227601

Enzyme 121 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q13057

Enzyme 121 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

COASY_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 121 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 121 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 121 Gene Sequence

>1695 bp

ATGGCCGTATTCCGGTCGGGTCTCCTGGTGCTGACGACGCCGCTGGCCTCCCTAGCCCCT
CGCCTGGCCTCCATCCTGACCTCGGCGGCCCGGCTGGTGAATCACACACTCTATGTTCAC
CTGCAGCCGGGCATGAGCCTGGAGGGCCCGGCTCAGCCCCAGTCCAGCCCCGTGCAGGCC
ACGTTTGAGGTTCTTGATTTCATCACGCACCTCTATGCTGGCGCCGACGTCCACAGGCAC
TTGGACGTCAGAATCCTACTGACCAATATCCGAACCAAGAGCACCTTTCTCCCTCCCCTG
CCCACCTCAGTCCAGAATCTCGCCCACCCGCCAGAAGTCGTGTTGACAGATTTCCAGACC
CTGGATGGAAGCCAGTACAACCCGGTCAAACAGCAGCTAGTGCGTTACGCCACCAGCTGT
TACAGCTGTTGTCCGCGACTGGCCTCGGTGCTGCTATACTCCGATTATGGGATAGGAGAA
GTGCCCGTGGAGCCCCTGGATGTCCCCTTACCCTCCACGATCAGGCCAGCTTCCCCCGTG
GCCGGGTCTCCAAAGCAGCCGGTGCGTGGCTACTACCGTGGCGCTGTCGGTGGCACGTTT
GACCGCCTGCACAACGCCCACAAGGTGTTGCTCAGTGTCGCGTGCATCCTGGCCCAGGAG
CAGCTTGTGGTGGGAGTAGCAGACAAAGATCTGTTGAAGAGCAAGTTGCTCCCTGAGCTG
CTCCAACCTTATACAGAACGTGTGGAACATCTGAGTGAATTCCTGGTGGACATCAAGCCC
TCCTTGACTTTTGATGTCATCCCCCTGCTGGACCCCTATGGGCCCGCTGGCTCTGACCCC
TCCCTGGAGTTCCTGGTGGTCAGCGAGGAGACCTATCGTGGGGGGATGGCCATCAACCGC
TTCCGCCTTGAGAATGACCTGGAGGAACTTGCTTTGTACCAGATCCAGCTGCTGAAGGAC
CTCAGACATACAGAGAATGAAGAGGACAAAGTCAGCTCCTCCAGCTTCCGCCAGCGAATG
TTGGGGAACCTGCTTCGGCCTCCATATGAAAGGCCAGAGCTCCCCACATGTCTCTATGTA
ATTGGGCTGACTGGCATCAGTGGCTCTGGGAAGAGCTCAATAGCTCAGCGACTGAAGGGC
CTGGGGGCGTTTGTCATTGACAGTGACCACCTGGGTCATCGGGCCTATGCCCCAGGTGGC
CCTGCCTACCAGCCTGTGGTGGAGGCCTTTGGAACAGATATTCTCCATAAAGATGGCATC
ATCAACAGGAAGGTCCTAGGCAGCCGGGTGTTTGGGAATAAGAAGCAGCTGAAGATACTC
ACGGACATTATGTGGCCAATTATCGCAAAGCTGGCCCGAGAGGAGATGGATCGGGCTGTG
GCTGAGGGAAAGCGTGTGTGTGTGATTGATGCCGCTGTGTTGCTTGAAGCCGGCTGGCAG
AACCTGGTCCATGAGGTGTGGACTGCTGTCATCCCAGAGACTGAGGCTGTAAGACGCATT
GTGGAGAGGGATGGCCTCAGTGAAGCCGCGGCTCAAAGCCGGCTGCAGAGCCAGATGAGC
GGGCAGCAGCTTGTGGAACAGAGCCACGTGGTGCTCAGCACCTTGTGGGAGCCGCATATC
ACCCAACGCCAGGTGGAGAAAGCCTGGGCCCTCTTGCAGAAGCGCATTCCCAAGACTCAT
CAGGCCCTCGACTGA

Enzyme 121 GenBank Gene ID

NM_001042529.1 Link Image

Enzyme 121 GeneCard ID

COASY

Enzyme 121 GenAtlas ID

COASY

Enzyme 121 HGNC ID

HGNC:29932 Link Image

Enzyme 121 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 121 Locus

17q12-q21

Enzyme 121 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 121 General References

Daugherty M, Polanuyer B, Farrell M, Scholle M, Lykidis A, de Crecy-Lagard V, Osterman A: Complete reconstitution of the human coenzyme A biosynthetic pathway via comparative genomics. J Biol Chem. 2002 Jun 14;277(24):21431-9. Epub 2002 Mar 28. [PubMed ]
Aghajanian S, Worrall DM: Identification and characterization of the gene encoding the human phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase and dephospho-CoA kinase bifunctional enzyme (CoA synthase). Biochem J. 2002 Jul 1;365(Pt 1):13-8. [PubMed ]
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
Zody MC, Garber M, Adams DJ, Sharpe T, Harrow J, Lupski JR, Nicholson C, Searle SM, Wilming L, Young SK, Abouelleil A, Allen NR, Bi W, Bloom T, Borowsky ML, Bugalter BE, Butler J, Chang JL, Chen CK, Cook A, Corum B, Cuomo CA, de Jong PJ, DeCaprio D, Dewar K, FitzGerald M, Gilbert J, Gibson R, Gnerre S, Goldstein S, Grafham DV, Grocock R, Hafez N, Hagopian DS, Hart E, Norman CH, Humphray S, Jaffe DB, Jones M, Kamal M, Khodiyar VK, LaButti K, Laird G, Lehoczky J, Liu X, Lokyitsang T, Loveland J, Lui A, Macdonald P, Major JE, Matthews L, Mauceli E, McCarroll SA, Mihalev AH, Mudge J, Nguyen C, Nicol R, O'Leary SB, Osoegawa K, Schwartz DC, Shaw-Smith C, Stankiewicz P, Steward C, Swarbreck D, Venkataraman V, Whittaker CA, Yang X, Zimmer AR, Bradley A, Hubbard T, Birren BW, Rogers J, Lander ES, Nusbaum C: DNA sequence of human chromosome 17 and analysis of rearrangement in the human lineage. Nature. 2006 Apr 20;440(7087):1045-9. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Montagna M, Serova O, Sylla BS, Feunteun J, Lenoir GM: A 100-kb physical and transcriptional map around the EDH17B2 gene: identification of three novel genes and a pseudogene of a human homologue of the rat PRL-1 tyrosine phosphatase. Hum Genet. 1995 Nov;96(5):532-8. [PubMed ]
Nemazanyy I, Panasyuk G, Breus O, Zhyvoloup A, Filonenko V, Gout IT: Identification of a novel CoA synthase isoform, which is primarily expressed in the brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Mar 24;341(4):995-1000. Epub 2006 Jan 24. [PubMed ]
Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, Elias JE, Villen J, Li J, Cohn MA, Cantley LC, Gygi SP: Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Aug 17;101(33):12130-5. Epub 2004 Aug 9. [PubMed ]
Zahedi RP, Lewandrowski U, Wiesner J, Wortelkamp S, Moebius J, Schutz C, Walter U, Gambaryan S, Sickmann A: Phosphoproteome of resting human platelets. J Proteome Res. 2008 Feb;7(2):526-34. Epub 2007 Dec 19. [PubMed ]
Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed ]

Enzyme 121 Metabolite References

Not Available

Enzyme 122 [top]

Enzyme 122 ID

7767

Enzyme 122 Name

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NEDD4-like

Enzyme 122 Synonyms

NEDD4.2
Nedd4-2

Enzyme 122 Gene Name

NEDD4L

Enzyme 122 Protein Sequence

>E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NEDD4-like

MATGLGEPVYGLSEDEGESRILRVKVVSGIDLAKKDIFGASDPYVKLSLYVADENRELAL
VQTKTIKKTLNPKWNEEFYFRVNPSNHRLLFEVFDENRLTRDDFLGQVDVPLSHLPTEDP
TMERPYTFKDFLLRPRSHKSRVKGFLRLKMAYMPKNGGQDEENSDQRDDMEHGWEVVDSN
DSASQHQEELPPPPLPPGWEEKVDNLGRTYYVNHNNRTTQWHRPSLMDVSSESDNNIRQI
NQEAAHRRFRSRRHISEDLEPEPSEGGDVPEPWETISEEVNIAGDSLGLALPPPPASPGS
RTSPQELSEELSRRLQITPDSNGEQFSSLIQREPSSRLRSCSVTDAVAEQGHLPPPSAPA
GRARSSTVTGGEEPTPSVAYVHTTPGLPSGWEERKDAKGRTYYVNHNNRTTTWTRPIMQL
AEDGASGSATNSNNHLIEPQIRRPRSLSSPTVTLSAPLEGAKDSPVRRAVKDTLSNPQSP
QPSPYNSPKPQHKVTQSFLPPGWEMRIAPNGRPFFIDHNTKTTTWEDPRLKFPVHMRSKT
SLNPNDLGPLPPGWEERIHLDGRTFYIDHNSKITQWEDPRLQNPAITGPAVPYSREFKQK
YDYFRKKLKKPADIPNRFEMKLHRNNIFEESYRRIMSVKRPDVLKARLWIEFESEKGLDY
GGVAREWFFLLSKEMFNPYYGLFEYSATDNYTLQINPNSGLCNEDHLSYFTFIGRVAGLA
VFHGKLLDGFFIRPFYKMMLGKQITLNDMESVDSEYYNSLKWILENDPTELDLMFCIDEE
NFGQTYQVDLKPNGSEIMVTNENKREYIDLVIQWRFVNRVQKQMNAFLEGFTELLPIDLI
KIFDENELELLMCGLGDVDVNDWRQHSIYKNGYCPNHPVIQWFWKAVLLMDAEKRIRLLQ
FVTGTSRVPMNGFAELYGSNGPQLFTIEQWGSPEKLPRAHTCFNRLDLPPYETFEDLREK
LLMAVENAQGFEGVD

Enzyme 122 Number of Residues

975

Enzyme 122 Molecular Weight

111930.9

Enzyme 122 Theoretical pI

5.60

Enzyme 122 GO Classification

Function
acid-amino acid ligase activity binding catalytic activity ligase activity ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds protein binding
Process
macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule modification metabolic process protein modification process
Component
cell part intracellular

Enzyme 122 General Function

Involved in acid-amino acid ligase activity

Enzyme 122 Specific Function

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which accepts ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. Inhibits TGF-beta signaling by triggering SMAD2 and TGFR1 ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation. Promotes ubiquitination and internalization of various plasma membrane channels such as ENaC, Nav1.2, Nav1.3, Nav1.5, Nav1.7, Nav1.8, Kv1.3, EAAT1 or CLC5. Promotes ubiquitination and degradation of SGK

Enzyme 122 Pathways

Not Available

Enzyme 122 Reactions

Not Available

Enzyme 122 Pfam Domain Function

C2 (PF00168 )
HECT (PF00632 )
WW (PF00397 )

Enzyme 122 Signals

None

Enzyme 122 Transmembrane Regions

None

Enzyme 122 Essentiality

Not Available

Enzyme 122 GenBank ID Protein

222352086

Enzyme 122 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID

Q96PU5

Enzyme 122 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name

NED4L_HUMAN Link Image

Enzyme 122 PDB ID

Not Available

Enzyme 122 Cellular Location

Not Available

Enzyme 122 Gene Sequence

>2928 bp

ATGGCGACCGGGCTCGGGGAGCCGGTCTATGGACTTTCCGAAGACGAGGGAGAGTCCCGT
ATTCTCAGAGTAAAAGTTGTTTCTGGAATTGATCTCGCCAAAAAGGACATCTTTGGAGCC
AGTGATCCGTATGTGAAACTTTCATTGTACGTAGCGGATGAGAATAGAGAACTTGCTTTG
GTCCAGACAAAAACAATTAAAAAGACACTGAACCCAAAATGGAATGAAGAATTTTATTTC
AGGGTAAACCCATCTAATCACAGACTCCTATTTGAAGTATTTGACGAAAATAGACTGACA
CGAGACGACTTCCTGGGCCAGGTGGACGTGCCCCTTAGTCACCTTCCGACAGAAGATCCA
ACCATGGAGCGACCCTATACATTTAAGGACTTTCTCCTCAGACCAAGAAGTCATAAGTCT
CGAGTTAAGGGATTTTTGCGATTGAAAATGGCCTATATGCCAAAAAATGGAGGTCAAGAT
GAAGAAAACAGTGACCAGAGGGATGACATGGAGCATGGATGGGAAGTTGTTGACTCAAAT
GACTCGGCTTCTCAGCACCAAGAGGAACTTCCTCCTCCTCCTCTGCCTCCCGGGTGGGAA
GAAAAAGTGGACAATTTAGGCCGAACTTACTATGTCAACCACAACAACCGGACCACTCAG
TGGCACAGACCAAGCCTGATGGACGTGTCCTCGGAGTCGGACAATAACATCAGACAGATC
AACCAGGAGGCAGCACACCGGCGCTTCCGCTCCCGCAGGCACATCAGCGAAGACTTGGAG
CCCGAGCCCTCGGAGGGCGGGGATGTCCCCGAGCCTTGGGAGACCATTTCAGAGGAAGTG
AATATCGCTGGAGACTCTCTCGGTCTGGCTCTGCCCCCACCACCGGCCTCCCCAGGATCT
CGGACCAGCCCTCAGGAGCTGTCAGAGGAACTAAGCAGAAGGCTTCAGATCACTCCAGAC
TCCAATGGGGAACAGTTCAGCTCTTTGATTCAAAGAGAACCCTCCTCAAGGTTGAGGTCA
TGCAGTGTCACCGACGCAGTTGCAGAACAGGGCCATCTACCACCGCCCAGTGCCCCAGCT
GGGAGAGCGCGTTCATCAACTGTCACGGGTGGTGAGGAACCAACGCCATCAGTGGCCTAT
GTACATACCACGCCGGGTCTGCCTTCAGGCTGGGAAGAAAGAAAAGATGCTAAGGGGCGC
ACATACTATGTCAATCATAACAATCGAACCACAACTTGGACTCGACCTATCATGCAGCTT
GCAGAAGATGGTGCGTCCGGATCAGCCACAAACAGTAACAACCATCTAATCGAGCCTCAG
ATCCGCCGGCCTCGTAGCCTCAGCTCGCCAACAGTAACTTTATCTGCCCCGCTGGAGGGT
GCCAAGGACTCACCCGTACGTCGGGCTGTGAAAGACACCCTTTCCAACCCACAGTCCCCA
CAGCCATCACCTTACAACTCCCCCAAACCACAACACAAAGTCACACAGAGCTTCTTGCCA
CCCGGCTGGGAAATGAGGATAGCGCCAAACGGCCGGCCCTTCTTCATTGATCATAACACA
AAGACTACAACCTGGGAAGATCCACGTTTGAAATTTCCAGTACATATGCGGTCAAAGACA
TCTTTAAACCCCAATGACCTTGGCCCCCTTCCTCCTGGCTGGGAAGAAAGAATTCACTTG
GATGGCCGAACGTTTTATATTGATCATAATAGCAAAATTACTCAGTGGGAAGACCCAAGA
CTGCAGAACCCAGCTATTACTGGTCCGGCTGTCCCTTACTCCAGAGAATTTAAGCAGAAA
TATGACTACTTCAGGAAGAAATTAAAGAAACCTGCTGATATCCCCAATAGGTTTGAAATG
AAACTTCACAGAAATAACATATTTGAAGAGTCCTATCGGAGAATTATGTCCGTGAAAAGA
CCAGATGTCCTAAAAGCTAGACTGTGGATTGAGTTTGAATCAGAGAAAGGTCTTGACTAT
GGGGGTGTGGCCAGAGAATGGTTCTTCTTACTGTCCAAAGAGATGTTCAACCCCTACTAC
GGCCTCTTTGAGTACTCTGCCACGGACAACTACACCCTTCAGATCAACCCTAATTCAGGC
CTCTGTAATGAGGATCATTTGTCCTACTTCACTTTTATTGGAAGAGTTGCTGGTCTGGCC
GTATTTCATGGGAAGCTCTTAGATGGTTTCTTCATTAGACCATTTTACAAGATGATGTTG
GGAAAGCAGATAACCCTGAATGACATGGAATCTGTGGATAGTGAATATTACAACTCTTTG
AAATGGATCCTGGAGAATGACCCTACTGAGCTGGACCTCATGTTCTGCATAGACGAAGAA
AACTTTGGACAGACATATCAAGTGGATTTGAAGCCCAATGGGTCAGAAATAATGGTCACA
AATGAAAACAAAAGGGAATATATCGACTTAGTCATCCAGTGGAGATTTGTGAACAGGGTC
CAGAAGCAGATGAACGCCTTCTTGGAGGGATTCACAGAACTACTTCCTATTGATTTGATT
AAAATTTTTGATGAAAATGAGCTGGAGTTGCTCATGTGCGGCCTCGGTGATGTGGATGTG
AATGACTGGAGACAGCATTCTATTTACAAGAACGGCTACTGCCCAAACCACCCCGTCATT
CAGTGGTTCTGGAAGGCTGTGCTACTCATGGACGCCGAAAAGCGTATCCGGTTACTGCAG
TTTGTCACAGGGACATCGCGAGTACCTATGAATGGATTTGCCGAACTTTATGGTTCCAAT
GGTCCTCAGCTGTTTACAATAGAGCAATGGGGCAGTCCTGAGAAACTGCCCAGAGCTCAC
ACATGCTTTAATCGCCTTGACTTACCTCCATATGAAACCTTTGAAGATTTACGAGAGAAA
CTTCTCATGGCCGTGGAAAATGCTCAAGGATTTGAAGGGGTGGATTAA

Enzyme 122 GenBank Gene ID

NM_001144967.1 Link Image

Enzyme 122 GeneCard ID

NEDD4L

Enzyme 122 GenAtlas ID

NEDD4L

Enzyme 122 HGNC ID

HGNC:7728

Enzyme 122 Chromosome Location

Enzyme 122 Locus

18q21

Enzyme 122 SNPs

SNPJam Report Link Image

Enzyme 122 General References

Chen H, Ross CA, Wang N, Huo Y, MacKinnon DF, Potash JB, Simpson SG, McMahon FJ, DePaulo Jr JR, McInnis MG: NEDD4L on human chromosome 18q21 has multiple forms of transcripts and is a homologue of the mouse Nedd4-2 gene. Eur J Hum Genet. 2001 Dec;9(12):922-30. [PubMed ]
Malbert-Colas L, Nicolas G, Galand C, Lecomte MC, Dhermy D: Identification of new partners of the epithelial sodium channel alpha subunit. C R Biol. 2003 Jul;326(7):615-24. [PubMed ]
Qi H, Grenier J, Fournier A, Labrie C: Androgens differentially regulate the expression of NEDD4L transcripts in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2003 Nov 28;210(1-2):51-62. [PubMed ]
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
Ishikawa K, Nagase T, Nakajima D, Seki N, Ohira M, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. VIII. 78 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro. DNA Res. 1997 Oct 31;4(5):307-13. [PubMed ]
Bechtel S, Rosenfelder H, Duda A, Schmidt CP, Ernst U, Wellenreuther R, Mehrle A, Schuster C, Bahr A, Blocker H, Heubner D, Hoerlein A, Michel G, Wedler H, Kohrer K, Ottenwalder B, Poustka A, Wiemann S, Schupp I: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium. BMC Genomics. 2007 Oct 31;8:399. [PubMed ]
Ichimura T, Yamamura H, Sasamoto K, Tominaga Y, Taoka M, Kakiuchi K, Shinkawa T, Takahashi N, Shimada S, Isobe T: 14-3-3 proteins modulate the expression of epithelial Na+ channels by phosphorylation-dependent interaction with Nedd4-2 ubiquitin ligase. J Biol Chem. 2005 Apr 1;280(13):13187-94. Epub 2005 Jan 26. [PubMed ]
Winberg G, Matskova L, Chen F, Plant P, Rotin D, Gish G, Ingham R, Ernberg I, Pawson T: Latent membrane protein 2A of Epstein-Barr virus binds WW domain E3 protein-ubiquitin ligases that ubiquitinate B-cell tyrosine kinases. Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Nov;20(22):8526-35. [PubMed ]
Snyder PM, Olson DR, Thomas BC: Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase modulates Nedd4-2-mediated inhibition of the epithelial Na+ channel. J Biol Chem. 2002 Jan 4;277(1):5-8. Epub 2001 Nov 5. [PubMed ]
Harvey KF, Shearwin-Whyatt LM, Fotia A, Parton RG, Kumar S: N4WBP5, a potential target for ubiquitination by the Nedd4 family of proteins, is a novel Golgi-associated protein. J Biol Chem. 2002 Mar 15;277(11):9307-17. Epub 2001 Dec 17. [PubMed ]
Boehmer C, Henke G, Schniepp R, Palmada M, Rothstein JD, Broer S, Lang F: Regulation of the glutamate transporter EAAT1 by the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2 and the serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase isoforms SGK1/3 and protein kinase B. J Neurochem. 2003 Sep;86(5):1181-8. [PubMed ]
van Bemmelen MX, Rougier JS, Gavillet B, Apotheloz F, Daidie D, Tateyama M, Rivolta I, Thomas MA, Kass RS, Staub O, Abriel H: Cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.5 is regulated by Nedd4-2 mediated ubiquitination. Circ Res. 2004 Aug 6;95(3):284-91. Epub 2004 Jun 24. [PubMed ]
Hryciw DH, Ekberg J, Lee A, Lensink IL, Kumar S, Guggino WB, Cook DI, Pollock CA, Poronnik P: Nedd4-2 functionally interacts with ClC-5: involvement in constitutive albumin endocytosis in proximal tubule cells. J Biol Chem. 2004 Dec 31;279(53):54996-5007. Epub 2004 Oct 15. [PubMed ]
Snyder PM, Olson DR, Kabra R, Zhou R, Steines JC: cAMP and serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK) regulate the epithelial Na(+) channel through convergent phosphorylation of Nedd4-2. J Biol Chem. 2004 Oct 29;279(44):45753-8. Epub 2004 Aug 24. [PubMed ]
Henke G, Maier G, Wallisch S, Boehmer C, Lang F: Regulation of the voltage gated K+ channel Kv1.3 by the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2 and the serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase SGK1. J Cell Physiol. 2004 May;199(2):194-9. [PubMed ]
Rougier JS, van Bemmelen MX, Bruce MC, Jespersen T, Gavillet B, Apotheloz F, Cordonier S, Staub O, Rotin D, Abriel H: Molecular determinants of voltage-gated sodium channel regulation by the Nedd4/Nedd4-like proteins. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2005 Mar;288(3):C692-701. Epub 2004 Nov 17. [PubMed ]
Kuratomi G, Komuro A, Goto K, Shinozaki M, Miyazawa K, Miyazono K, Imamura T: NEDD4-2 (neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 4-2) negatively regulates TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) signalling by inducing ubiquitin-mediated degradation of Smad2 and TGF-beta type I receptor. Biochem J. 2005 Mar 15;386(Pt 3):461-70. [PubMed ]
Zhou R, Snyder PM: Nedd4-2 phosphorylation induces serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK) ubiquitination and degradation. J Biol Chem. 2005 Feb 11;280(6):4518-23. Epub 2004 Dec 2. [PubMed ]
Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed ]
Putz U, Howitt J, Lackovic J, Foot N, Kumar S, Silke J, Tan SS: Nedd4 family-interacting protein 1 (Ndfip1) is required for the exosomal secretion of Nedd4 family proteins. J Biol Chem. 2008 Nov 21;283(47):32621-7. Epub 2008 Sep 25. [PubMed ]
Daub H, Olsen JV, Bairlein M, Gnad F, Oppermann FS, Korner R, Greff Z, Keri G, Stemmann O, Mann M: Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle. Mol Cell. 2008 Aug 8;31(3):438-48. [PubMed ]
Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]
Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
Mund T, Pelham HR: Control of the activity of WW-HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligases by NDFIP proteins. EMBO Rep. 2009 May;10(5):501-7. Epub 2009 Apr 3. [PubMed ]
Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed ]
Fouladkou F, Alikhani-Koopaei R, Vogt B, Flores SY, Malbert-Colas L, Lecomte MC, Loffing J, Frey FJ, Frey BM, Staub O: A naturally occurring human Nedd4-2 variant displays impaired ENaC regulation in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2004 Sep;287(3):F550-61. Epub 2004 May 12. [

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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

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