1. (S)-alpha,2-diamino-3-hydroxy-gamma-oxo-Benzenebutanoate
2. (S)-alpha,2-diamino-3-hydroxy-gamma-oxo-Benzenebutanoic acid
3. (alphaS)-alpha,2-diamino-3-hydroxy-gamma-oxo-Benzenebutanoate
4. (alphaS)-alpha,2-diamino-3-hydroxy-gamma-oxo-Benzenebutanoic acid
5. 3-(3-Hydroxyanthraniloyl)-L-alanine
6. 3-Anthraniloylalanine
7. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine
8. 3-anthraniloyl-Alanine
9. 3-anthraniloyl-L-alanine
10. DL-Kynureninefree base
11. Kynurenin
12. Quinurenine
13. alpha,2-diamino-gamma-oxo-Benzenebutanoate
14. alpha,2-diamino-gamma-oxo-Benzenebutanoic acid
15. dl-Kynurenine

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• Cytoplasm (Predicted from LogP)

• Blood
• Cerebrospinal Fluid
• Urine

1. Moroni F, Carpenedo R, Chiarugi A: Kynurenine hydroxylase and kynureninase inhibitors as tools to study the role of kynurenine metabolites in the central nervous system. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1996;398:203-10. [PubMed ]
2. Widner B, Sepp N, Kowald E, Ortner U, Wirleitner B, Fritsch P, Baier-Bitterlich G, Fuchs D: Enhanced tryptophan degradation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunobiology. 2000 Apr;201(5):621-30. [PubMed ]
3. Calandra P: Research on tryptophan metabolites "via kynurenine" in epidermis of man and mouse. Acta Vitaminol Enzymol. 1975;29(1-6):158-60. [PubMed ]
4. Manuelpillai U, Nicholls T, Wallace EM, Phillips DJ, Guillemin G, Walker D: Increased mRNA expression of kynurenine pathway enzymes in human placentae exposed to bacterial endotoxin. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2003;527:85-9. [PubMed ]
5. Greengard O: Relationship between urinary excretion of kynurenine and liver tryptophan oxygenase activity. Am J Clin Nutr. 1971 Jun;24(6):709-11. [PubMed ]
6. Widner B, Sepp N, Kowald E, Kind S, Schmuth M, Fuchs D: Degradation of tryptophan in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1999;467:571-7. [PubMed ]
7. Joseph MH: Determination of kynurenine by a simple gas-liquid chromatographic method applicable to urine, plasma, brain and cerebrospinal fluid. J Chromatogr. 1978 Jul 1;146(1):33-41. [PubMed ]
8. Heyes MP, Saito K, Lackner A, Wiley CA, Achim CL, Markey SP: Sources of the neurotoxin quinolinic acid in the brain of HIV-1-infected patients and retrovirus-infected macaques. FASEB J. 1998 Jul;12(10):881-96. [PubMed ]
9. Fujigaki S, Saito K, Takemura M, Fujii H, Wada H, Noma A, Seishima M: Species differences in L-tryptophan-kynurenine pathway metabolism: quantification of anthranilic acid and its related enzymes. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1998 Oct 15;358(2):329-35. [PubMed ]
10. Heinmets F: Computer simulation and analysis of tryptophan metabolism via kynurenine pathway in liver. Comput Biol Med. 1974 Sep;1(4):323-36. [PubMed ]
11. Widner B, Werner ER, Schennach H, Fuchs D: An HPLC method to determine tryptophan and kynurenine in serum simultaneously. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1999;467:827-32. [PubMed ]
12. Okuno E, Nakamura M, Schwarcz R: Two kynurenine aminotransferases in human brain. Brain Res. 1991 Mar 1;542(2):307-12. [PubMed ]
13. Altman K, Greengard O: Correlation of kynurenine excretion with liver tryptophan pyrrolase levels in disease and after hydrocortisone induction. J Clin Invest. 1966 Oct;45(10):1527-34. [PubMed ]
14. Saito K, Fujigaki S, Heyes MP, Shibata K, Takemura M, Fujii H, Wada H, Noma A, Seishima M: Mechanism of increases in L-kynurenine and quinolinic acid in renal insufficiency. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2000 Sep;279(3):F565-72. [PubMed ]
15. Pearson SJ, Meldrum A, Reynolds GP: An investigation of the activities of 3-hydroxykynureninase and kynurenine aminotransferase in the brain in Huntington's disease. J Neural Transm Gen Sect. 1995;102(1):67-73. [PubMed ]
16. Medana IM, Day NP, Salahifar-Sabet H, Stocker R, Smythe G, Bwanaisa L, Njobvu A, Kayira K, Turner GD, Taylor TE, Hunt NH: Metabolites of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in the cerebrospinal fluid of Malawian children with malaria. J Infect Dis. 2003 Sep 15;188(6):844-9. Epub 2003 Sep 9. [PubMed ]
17. Heyes MP, Saito K, Milstien S, Schiff SJ: Quinolinic acid in tumors, hemorrhage and bacterial infections of the central nervous system in children. J Neurol Sci. 1995 Nov;133(1-2):112-8. [PubMed ]
18. Heyes MP, Saito K, Crowley JS, Davis LE, Demitrack MA, Der M, Dilling LA, Elia J, Kruesi MJ, Lackner A, et al.: Quinolinic acid and kynurenine pathway metabolism in inflammatory and non-inflammatory neurological disease. Brain. 1992 Oct;115 ( Pt 5):1249-73. [PubMed ]
19. Hartai Z, Klivenyi P, Janaky T, Penke B, Dux L, Vecsei L: Kynurenine metabolism in plasma and in red blood cells in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci. 2005 Dec 15;239(1):31-5. Epub 2005 Aug 15. [PubMed ]
20. Martinsons A, Rudzite V, Groma V, Bratslavska O, Widner B, Fuchs D: Kynurenine and neopterin in chronic glomerulonephritis. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1999;467:579-86. [PubMed ]
21. Wikipedia

1. Kynureninase
2. Kynurenine/alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase, mitochondrial
3. Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 1
4. Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase
5. Aminoadipate aminotransferase, isoform CRA_b
6. Probable arylformamidase
7. Kynureninase (L-kynurenine hydrolase)
8. Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3

1. L-kynurenine hydrolase

MEPSSLELPADTVQRIAAELKCHPTDERVALHLDEEDKLRHFRECFYIPKIQDLPPVDLS
LVNKDENAIYFLGNSLGLQPKMVKTYLEEELDKWAKIAAYGHEVGKRPWITGDESIVGLM
KDIVGANEKEIALMNALTVNLHLLMLSFFKPTPKRYKILLEAKAFPSDHYAIESQLQLHG
LNIEESMRMIKPREGEETLRIEDILEVIEKEGDSIAVILFSGVHFYTGQHFNIPAITKAG
QAKGCYVGFDLAHAVGNVELYLHDWGVDFACWCSYKYLNAGAGGIAGAFIHEKHAHTIKP
ALVGWFGHELSTRFKMDNKLQLIPGVCGFRISNPPILLVCSLHASLEIFKQATMKALRKK
SVLLTGYLEYLIKHNYGKDKAATKKPVVNIITPSHVEERGCQLTITFSVPNKDVFQELEK
RGVVCDKRNPNGIRVAPVPLYNSFHDVYKFTNLLTSILDSAETKN

• Tryptophan Metabolism (map00380 )

• L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine [RN:R00987]

• Aminotran_5 (PF00266 )

• None

• None

ATGGAGCCTTCATCTCTTGAGCTGCCGGCTGACACAGTGCAGCGCATTGCGGCTGAACTC
AAATGCCACCCAACGGATGAGAGGGTGGCTCTCCACCTAGATGAGGAAGATAAGCTGAGG
CACTTCAGGGAGTGCTTTTATATTCCCAAAATACAGGATCTGCCTCCAGTTGATTTATCA
TTAGTGAATAAAGATGAAAATGCCATCTATTTCTTGGGAAATTCTCTTGGCCTTCAACCA
AAAATGGTTAAAACATATCTTGAAGAAGAACTAGATAAGTGGGCCAAAATAGCAGCCTAT
GGTCATGAAGTGGGGAAGCGTCCTTGGATTACAGGAGATGAGAGTATTGTAGGCCTTATG
AAGGACATTGTAGGAGCCAATGAGAAAGAAATAGCCCTAATGAATGCTTTGACTGTAAAT
TTACATCTTCTAATGTTATCATTTTTTAAGCCTACGCCAAAACGATATAAAATTCTTCTA
GAAGCCAAAGCCTTCCCTTCTGATCATTATGCTATTGAGTCACAACTACAACTTCACGGA
CTTAACATTGAAGAAAGTATGCGGATGATAAAGCCAAGAGAGGGGGAAGAAACCTTAAGA
ATAGAGGATATCCTTGAAGTAATTGAGAAGGAAGGAGACTCAATTGCAGTGATCCTGTTC
AGTGGGGTGCATTTTTACACTGGACAGCACTTTAATATTCCTGCCATCACAAAAGCTGGA
CAAGCGAAGGGTTGTTATGTTGGCTTTGATCTAGCACATGCAGTTGGAAATGTTGAACTC
TACTTACATGACTGGGGAGTTGATTTTGCCTGCTGGTGTTCCTACAAGTATTTAAATGCA
GGAGCAGGAGGAATTGCTGGTGCCTTCATTCATGAAAAGCATGCCCATACGATTAAACCT
GCATTAGTGGGATGGTTTGGCCATGAACTCAGCACCAGATTTAAGATGGATAACAAACTG
CAGTTAATCCCTGGGGTCTGTGGATTCCGAATTTCAAATCCTCCCATTTTGTTGGTCTGT
TCCTTGCATGCTAGTTTAGAGATCTTTAAGCAAGCGACAATGAAGGCATTGCGGAAAAAA
TCTGTTTTGCTAACTGGCTATCTGGAATACCTGATCAAGCATAACTATGGCAAAGATAAA
GCAGCAACCAAGAAACCAGTTGTGAACATAATTACTCCGTCTCATGTAGAGGAGCGGGGG
TGCCAGCTAACAATAACATTTTCTGTTCCAAACAAAGATGTTTTCCAAGAACTAGAAAAA
AGAGGAGTGGTTTGTGACAAGCGGAATCCAAATGGCATTCGAGTGGCTCCAGTTCCTCTC
TATAATTCTTTCCATGATGTTTATAAATTTACCAATCTGCTCACTTCTATACTTGACTCT
GCAGAAACAAAAAATTAG

1. Alberati-Giani D, Buchli R, Malherbe P, Broger C, Lang G, Kohler C, Lahm HW, Cesura AM: Isolation and expression of a cDNA clone encoding human kynureninase. Eur J Biochem. 1996 Jul 15;239(2):460-8. [PubMed ]
2. Toma S, Nakamura M, Tone S, Okuno E, Kido R, Breton J, Avanzi N, Cozzi L, Speciale C, Mostardini M, Gatti S, Benatti L: Cloning and recombinant expression of rat and human kynureninase. FEBS Lett. 1997 May 12;408(1):5-10. [PubMed ]
3. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
4. Walsh HA, Botting NP: Purification and biochemical characterization of some of the properties of recombinant human kynureninase. Eur J Biochem. 2002 Apr;269(8):2069-74. [PubMed ]
5. Lima S, Khristoforov R, Momany C, Phillips RS: Crystal structure of Homo sapiens kynureninase. Biochemistry. 2007 Mar 13;46(10):2735-44. Epub 2007 Feb 15. [PubMed ]
6. Christensen M, Duno M, Lund AM, Skovby F, Christensen E: Xanthurenic aciduria due to a mutation in KYNU encoding kynureninase. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2007 Apr;30(2):248-55. Epub 2007 Mar 1. [PubMed ]

1. 2-aminoadipate aminotransferase
2. 2-aminoadipate transaminase
3. Alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase
4. AadAT
5. KAT/AadAT
6. Kynurenine aminotransferase II
7. Kynurenine--oxoglutarate aminotransferase II
8. Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase II

MNYARFITAASAARNPSPIRTMTDILSRGPKSMISLAGGLPNPNMFPFKTAVITVENGKT
IQFGEEMMKRALQYSPSAGIPELLSWLKQLQIKLHNPPTIHYPPSQGQMDLCVTSGSQQG
LCKVFEMIINPGDNVLLDEPAYSGTLQSLHPLGCNIINVASDESGIVPDSLRDILSRWKP
EDAKNPQKNTPKFLYTVPNGNNPTGNSLTSERKKEIYELARKYDFLIIEDDPYYFLQFNK
FRVPTFLSMDVDGRVIRADSFSKIISSGLRIGFLTGPKPLIERVILHIQVSTLHPSTFNQ
LMISQLLHEWGEEGFMAHVDRVIDFYSNQKDAILAAADKWLTGLAEWHVPAAGMFLWIKV
KGINDVKELIEEKAVKMGVLMLPGNAFYVDSSAPSPYLRASFSSASPEQMDVAFQVLAQL
IKESL

• Lysine Biosynthesis (map00300 )
• Lysine Degradation (map00310 )

• L-2-aminoadipate + 2-oxoglutarate = 2-oxoadipate + L-glutamate [RN:R01939]

• Aminotran_1_2 (PF00155 )

• None

• None

ATGAATTACGCACGGTTCATCACGGCAGCGAGCGCAGCCAGAAACCCTTCTCCCATCCGG
ACCATGACTGACATATTGAGCAGAGGACCAAAATCGATGATCTCCTTGGCTGGTGGCTTA
CCAAATCCAAACATGTTTCCTTTTAAGACTGCCGTAATCACTGTAGAAAATGGAAAGACC
ATCCAATTTGGAGAAGAGATGATGAAGAGAGCACTTCAGTATTCTCCGAGTGCTGGAATT
CCAGAGCTTTTGTCCTGGCTAAAACAGTTACAAATAAAATTGCATAATCCTCCTACCATC
CATTACCCACCCAGTCAAGGACAAATGGATCTATGTGTCACATCTGGCAGCCAACAAGGT
CTTTGTAAGGTGTTTGAAATGATCATTAATCCTGGAGATAATGTCCTCCTAGATGAACCT
GCTTATTCAGGAACTCTTCAAAGTCTGCACCCACTGGGCTGCAACATTATTAATGTTGCC
AGTGATGAAAGTGGGATTGTTCCAGATTCCCTAAGAGACATACTTTCCAGATGGAAACCA
GAAGATGCAAAGAATCCCCAGAAAAACACCCCCAAATTTCTTTATACTGTTCCAAATGGC
AACAACCCTACTGGAAACTCATTAACCAGTGAACGCAAAAAGGAAATCTATGAGCTTGCA
AGAAAATATGATTTCCTCATAATAGAAGATGATCCTTACTATTTTCTCCAGTTTAACAAG
TTCAGGGTACCAACATTTCTTTCCATGGATGTTGATGGACGTGTCATCAGAGCTGACTCT
TTTTCAAAAATCATTTCCTCTGGGTTGAGAATAGGATTTTTAACTGGTCCAAAACCCTTA
ATAGAGAGAGTTATTTTACACATACAAGTTTCAACATTGCACCCCAGCACTTTTAACCAG
CTCATGATATCACAGCTTCTACACGAATGGGGAGAAGAAGGTTTCATGGCTCATGTAGAC
AGGGTTATTGATTTCTATAGTAACCAGAAGGATGCAATACTGGCAGCTGCAGACAAGTGG
TTAACTGGTTTGGCAGAATGGCATGTTCCTGCTGCTGGAATGTTTTTATGGATTAAAGTT
AAAGGCATTAATGATGTAAAAGAACTGATTGAAGAAAAGGCCGTTAAGATGGGGGTATTA
ATGCTCCCTGGAAATGCTTTCTACGTCGATAGCTCAGCTCCTAGCCCTTACTTGAGAGCA
TCCTTCTCTTCAGCTTCTCCAGAACAGATGGATGTGGCCTTCCAGGTATTAGCACAACTT
ATAAAAGAATCTTTATGA

1. Goh DL, Patel A, Thomas GH, Salomons GS, Schor DS, Jakobs C, Geraghty MT: Characterization of the human gene encoding alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase (AADAT). Mol Genet Metab. 2002 Jul;76(3):172-80. [PubMed ]
2. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
4. Han Q, Cai T, Tagle DA, Robinson H, Li J: Substrate specificity and structure of human aminoadipate aminotransferase/kynurenine aminotransferase II. Biosci Rep. 2008 Aug;28(4):205-15. [PubMed ]
5. Han Q, Robinson H, Li J: Crystal structure of human kynurenine aminotransferase II. J Biol Chem. 2008 Feb 8;283(6):3567-73. Epub 2007 Dec 5. [PubMed ]
6. Rossi F, Garavaglia S, Montalbano V, Walsh MA, Rizzi M: Crystal structure of human kynurenine aminotransferase II, a drug target for the treatment of schizophrenia. J Biol Chem. 2008 Feb 8;283(6):3559-66. Epub 2007 Dec 5. [PubMed ]

1. Cysteine-S-conjugate beta-lyase
2. Glutamine transaminase K
3. GTK
4. Glutamine--phenylpyruvate transaminase
5. Kynurenine aminotransferase I
6. KATI
7. Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase I

MAKQLQARRLDGIDYNPWVEFVKLASEHDVVNLGQGFPDFPPPDFAVEAFQHAVSGDFML
NQYTKTFGYPPLTKILASFFGELLGQEIDPLRNVLVTVGGYGALFTAFQALVDEGDEVII
IEPFFDCYEPMTMMAGGRPVFVSLKPGPIQNGELGSSSNWQLDPMELAGKFTSRTKALVL
NTPNNPLGKVFSREELELVASLCQQHDVVCITDEVYQWMVYDGHQHISIASLPGMWERTL
TIGSAGKTFSATGWKVGWVLGPDHIMKHLRTVHQNSVFHCPTQSQAAVAESFEREQLLFR
QPSSYFVQFPQAMQRCRDHMIRSLQSVGLKPIIPQGSYFLITDISDFKRKMPDLPGAVDE
PYDRRFVKWMIKNKGLVAIPVSIFYSVPHQKHFDHYIRFCFVKDEATLQAMDEKLRKWKV
EL

• Tryptophan Metabolism (map00380 )

• RS-CH2-CH(NH3+)COO- = RSH + NH3 + pyruvate [RN:R03528]

• Aminotran_1_2 (PF00155 )

• None

• None

ATGGCCAAACAGCTGCAGGCCCGAAGGCTAGACGGGATCGACTACAACCCCTGGGTGGAG
TTTGTGAAACTGGCCAGTGAGCATGACGTCGTGAACTTGGGCCAGGGCTTCCCGGATTTC
CCACCACCAGACTTTGCCGTGGAAGCCTTTCAGCACGCTGTCAGTGGAGACTTCATGCTT
AACCAGTACACCAAGACATTTGGTTACCCACCACTGACGAAGATCCTGGCAAGTTTCTTT
GGGGAGCTGCTGGGTCAGGAGATAGACCCGCTCAGGAATGTGCTGGTGACTGTTGGTGGC
TATGGGGCCCTGTTCACAGCCTTCCAGGCCCTGGTGGACGAAGGAGACGAGGTCATCATC
ATCGAACCCTTTTTTGACTGCTACGAGCCCATGACAATGATGGCAGGGGGTCGTCCTGTG
TTTGTGTCCCTGAAGCCGGGTCCCATCCAGAATGGAGAACTGGGTTCCAGCAGCAACTGG
CAGCTGGACCCCATGGAGCTGGCCGGCAAATTCACATCACGCACCAAAGCCCTGGTCCTC
AACACCCCCAACAACCCCCTGGGCAAGGTGTTCTCCAGGGAAGAGCTGGAGCTGGTGGCC
AGCCTTTGCCAGCAGCATGACGTGGTGTGTATCACTGATGAAGTCTACCAGTGGATGGTC
TACGACGGGCACCAGCACATCAGCATTGCCAGCCTCCCTGGCATGTGGGAACGGACCCTG
ACCATCGGCAGCGCCGGCAAGACCTTCAGCGCCACTGGCTGGAAGGTGGGCTGGGTCCTG
GGTCCAGATCACATCATGAAGCACCTGCGGACCGTGCACCAGAACTCCGTCTTCCACTGC
CCCACGCAGAGCCAGGCTGCAGTAGCCGAGAGCTTTGAACGGGAGCAGCTGCTCTTCCGC
CAACCCAGCAGCTACTTTGTGCAGTTCCCGCAGGCCATGCAGCGCTGCCGTGACCACATG
ATACGTAGCCTACAGTCAGTGGGCCTGAAGCCCATCATCCCTCAGGGCAGCTACTTCCTC
ATCACAGACATCTCAGACTTCAAGAGGAAGATGCCTGACTTGCCTGGAGCTGTGGATGAG
CCCTATGACAGACGCTTCGTCAAGTGGATGATCAAGAACAAGGGCTTGGTGGCCATCCCT
GTCTCCATCTTCTATAGTGTGCCACATCAGAAGCACTTTGACCACTATATCCGCTTCTGT
TTTGTGAAGGATGAAGCCACGCTCCAGGCCATGGACGAGAAGCTGCGGAAGTGGAAGGTG
GAACTCTAG

1. Perry S, Harries H, Scholfield C, Lock T, King L, Gibson G, Goldfarb P: Molecular cloning and expression of a cDNA for human kidney cysteine conjugate beta-lyase. FEBS Lett. 1995 Mar 6;360(3):277-80. [PubMed ]
2. Humphray SJ, Oliver K, Hunt AR, Plumb RW, Loveland JE, Howe KL, Andrews TD, Searle S, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Jones MC, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Babbage S, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford D, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Chen Y, Clarke G, Clark SY, Clee CM, Clegg S, Collier RE, Corby N, Crosier M, Cummings AT, Davies J, Dhami P, Dunn M, Dutta I, Dyer LW, Earthrowl ME, Faulkner L, Fleming CJ, Frankish A, Frankland JA, French L, Fricker DG, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori J, Gilbert JG, Glison C, Grafham DV, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Guy J, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Harrison ES, Hart EA, Heath PD, Henderson CD, Hopkins BL, Howard PJ, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan S, Kershaw JK, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, McLaren S, McLay KE, McMurray A, Milne S, Nickerson T, Nisbett J, Nordsiek G, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Porter KM, Pandian R, Pelan S, Phillimore B, Povey S, Ramsey Y, Rand V, Scharfe M, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Sims SK, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward CA, Swarbreck D, Sycamore N, Tester J, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Thomas DW, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, Whitehead SL, Willey DL, Williams SA, Wilming L, Wray PW, Young L, Ashurst JL, Coulson A, Blocker H, Durbin R, Sulston JE, Hubbard T, Jackson MJ, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J, Dunham I: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9. Nature. 2004 May 27;429(6990):369-74. [PubMed ]
3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
4. Rossi F, Han Q, Li J, Li J, Rizzi M: Crystal structure of human kynurenine aminotransferase I. J Biol Chem. 2004 Nov 26;279(48):50214-20. Epub 2004 Sep 10. [PubMed ]
5. Han Q, Robinson H, Cai T, Tagle DA, Li J: Structural insight into the inhibition of human kynurenine aminotransferase I/glutamine transaminase K. J Med Chem. 2009 May 14;52(9):2786-93. [PubMed ]

1. Kynurenine 3-hydroxylase

MDSSVIQRKKVAVIGGGLVGSLQACFLAKRNFQIDVYEAREDTRVATFTRGRSINLALSH
RGRQALKAVGLEDQIVSQGIPMRARMIHSLSGKKSAIPYGTKSQYILSVSRENLNKDLLT
AAEKYPNVKMHFNHRLLKCNPEEGMITVLGSDKVPKDVTCDLIVGCDGAYSTVRSHLMKK
PRFDYSQQYIPHGYMELTIPPKNGDYAMEPNYLHIWPRNTFMMIALPNMNKSFTCTLFMP
FEEFEKLLTSNDVVDFFQKYFPDAIPLIGEKLLVQDFFLLPAQPMISVKCSSFHFKSHCV
LLGDAAHAIVPFFGQGMNAGFEDCLVFDELMDKFSNDLSLCLPVFSRLRIPDDHAISDLS
MYNYIEMRAHVNSSWFIFQKNMERFLHAIMPSTFIPLYTMVTFSRIRYHEAVQRWHWQKK
VINKGLFFLGSLIAISSTYLLIHYMSPRSFLRLRRPWNWIAHFRNTTCFPAKAVDSLEQI
SNLISR

• Tryptophan Metabolism (map00380 )

• L-kynurenine + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R01960]

• FAD_binding_3 (PF01494 )

• None

• 385-404 425-445

ATGGACTCATCTGTCATTCAAAGGAAAAAAGTAGCTGTCATTGGTGGTGGCTTGGTTGGC
TCATTACAAGCATGCTTTCTTGCAAAGAGGAATTTCCAGATTGATGTATATGAAGCTAGG
GAAGATACTCGAGTGGCTACCTTCACACGTGGAAGAAGCATTAACTTAGCCCTTTCTCAT
AGAGGACGACAAGCCTTGAAAGCTGTTGGCCTGGAAGATCAGATTGTATCCCAAGGTATT
CCCATGAGAGCAAGAATGATCCACTCTCTTTCAGGAAAAAAGTCTGCAATTCCCTATGGG
ACAAAGTCTCAGTATATTCTTTCTGTAAGCAGAGAAAATCTAAACAAGGATCTATTGACT
GCTGCTGAGAAATACCCCAATGTGAAAATGCACTTTAACCACAGGCTGTTGAAATGTAAT
CCAGAGGAAGGAATGATCACAGTGCTTGGATCTGACAAAGTTCCCAAAGATGTCACTTGT
GACCTCATTGTAGGATGTGATGGAGCCTATTCAACTGTCAGATCTCACCTGATGAAGAAA
CCTCGCTTTGATTACAGTCAGCAGTACATTCCTCATGGGTACATGGAGTTGACTATTCCA
CCTAAGAACGGAGATTATGCCATGGAACCTAATTATCTGCATATTTGGCCTAGAAATACC
TTTATGATGATTGCACTTCCTAACATGAACAAATCATTCACATGTACTTTGTTCATGCCC
TTTGAAGAGTTTGAAAAACTTCTAACCAGTAATGATGTGGTAGATTTCTTCCAGAAATAC
TTTCCGGATGCCATCCCTCTAATTGGAGAGAAACTCCTAGTGCAAGATTTCTTCCTGTTG
CCTGCCCAGCCCATGATATCTGTAAAGTGCTCTTCATTTCACTTTAAATCTCACTGTGTA
CTGCTGGGAGATGCAGCTCATGCTATAGTGCCGTTTTTTGGGCAAGGAATGAATGCGGGC
TTTGAAGACTGCTTGGTATTTGATGAGTTAATGGATAAATTCAGTAACGACCTTAGTTTG
TGTCTTCCTGTGTTCTCAAGATTGAGAATCCCAGATGATCACGCGATTTCAGACCTATCC
ATGTACAATTACATAGAGATGCGAGCACATGTCAACTCAAGCTGGTTCATTTTTCAGAAG
AACATGGAGAGATTTCTTCATGCGATTATGCCATCGACCTTTATCCCTCTCTATACAATG
GTCACTTTTTCCAGAATAAGATACCATGAGGCTGTGCAGCGTTGGCATTGGCAAAAAAAG
GTGATAAACAAAGGACTCTTTTTCTTGGGATCACTGATAGCCATCAGCAGTACCTACCTA
CTTATACACTACATGTCACCACGATCTTTCCTCTGCTTGAGAAGACCATGGAACTGGATA
GCTCACTTCCGGAATACAACATGTTTCCCCGCAAAGGCCGTGGACTCCCTAGAACAAATT
TCCAATCTCATTAGCAGGTGA

1. Alberati-Giani D, Cesura AM, Broger C, Warren WD, Rover S, Malherbe P: Cloning and functional expression of human kynurenine 3-monooxygenase. FEBS Lett. 1997 Jun 30;410(2-3):407-12. [PubMed ]
2. Breton J, Avanzi N, Magagnin S, Covini N, Magistrelli G, Cozzi L, Isacchi A: Functional characterization and mechanism of action of recombinant human kynurenine 3-hydroxylase. Eur J Biochem. 2000 Feb;267(4):1092-9. [PubMed ]
3. Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [PubMed ]
4. Stone TW, Darlington LG: Endogenous kynurenines as targets for drug discovery and development. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2002 Aug;1(8):609-20. [PubMed ]

1. SubName: Putative uncharacterized protein AADAT
2. SubName: cDNA, FLJ95590, Homo sapiens L-kynurenine/alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase (KATII), mRNA

MNYARFITAASAARNPSPIRTMTDILSRGPKSMISLAGGLPNPNMFPFKTAVITVENGKT
IQFGEEMMKRALQYSPSAGIPELLSWLKQLQIKLHNPPTIHYPPSQGQMDLCVTSGSQQG
LCKVFEMIINPGDNVLLDEPAYSGTLQSLHPLGCNIINVASDESGIVPDSLRDILSRWKP
EDAKNPQKNTPKFLYTVPNGNNPTGNSLTSERKKEIYELARKYDFLIIEDDPYYFLQFNK
FRVPTFLSMDVDGRVIRADSFSKIISSGLRIGFLTGPKPLIERVILHIQVSTLHPSTFNQ
LMISQLLHEWGEEGFMAHVDRVIDFYSNQKDAILAAADKWLTGLAEWHVPAAGMFLWIKV
KGINDVKELIEEKAVKMGVLMLPGNAFYVDSSAPSPYLRASFSSASPEQMDVAFQVLAQL
IKESL

• Aminotran_1_2 (PF00155 )

• None

• None

ATGAATTACGCACGGTTCATCACGGCAGCGAGCGCAGCCAGAAACCCTTCTCCCATCCGG
ACCATGACTGACATATTGAGCAGAGGACCAAAATCGATGATCTCCTTGGCTGGTGGCTTA
CCAAATCCAAACATGTTTCCTTTTAAGACTGCCGTAATCACTGTAGAAAATGGAAAGACC
ATCCAATTTGGAGAAGAGATGATGAAGAGAGCACTTCAGTATTCTCCGAGTGCTGGAATT
CCAGAGCTTTTGTCCTGGCTAAAACAGTTACAAATAAAATTGCATAATCCTCCTACCATC
CATTACCCACCCAGTCAAGGACAAATGGATCTATGTGTCACATCTGGCAGCCAACAAGGT
CTTTGTAAGGTGTTTGAAATGATCATTAATCCTGGAGATAATGTCCTCCTAGATGAACCT
GCTTATTCAGGAACTCTTCAAAGTCTGCACCCACTGGGCTGCAACATTATTAATGTTGCC
AGTGATGAAAGTGGGATTGTTCCAGATTCCCTAAGAGACATACTTTCCAGATGGAAACCA
GAAGATGCAAAGAATCCCCAGAAAAACACCCCCAAATTTCTTTATACTGTTCCAAATGGC
AACAACCCTACTGGAAACTCATTAACCAGTGAACGCAAAAAGGAAATCTATGAGCTTGCA
AGAAAATATGATTTCCTCATAATAGAAGATGATCCTTACTATTTTCTCCAGTTTAACAAG
TTCAGGGTACCAACATTTCTTTCCATGGATGTTGATGGACGTGTCATCAGAGCTGACTCT
TTTTCAAAAATCATTTCCTCTGGGTTGAGAATAGGATTTTTAACTGGTCCAAAACCCTTA
ATAGAGAGAGTTATTTTACACATACAAGTTTCAACATTGCACCCCAGCACTTTTAACCAG
CTCATGATATCACAGCTTCTACACGAATGGGGAGAAGAAGGTTTCATGGCTCATGTAGAC
AGGGTTATTGATTTCTATAGTAACCAGAAGGATGCAATACTGGCAGCTGCAGACAAGTGG
TTAACTGGTTTGGCAGAATGGCATGTTCCTGCTGCTGGAATGTTTTTATGGATTAAAGTT
AAAGGCATTAATGATGTAAAAGAACTGATTGAAGAAAAGGCCGTTAAGATGGGGGTATTA
ATGCTCCCTGGAAATGCTTTCTACGTCGATAGCTCAGCTCCTAGCCCTTACTTGAGAGCA
TCCTTCTCTTCAGCTTCTCCAGAACAGATGGATGTGGCCTTCCAGGTATTAGCACAACTT
ATAAAAGAATCTTTATGA

1. Venter JC, Adams MD, Myers EW, Li PW, Mural RJ, Sutton GG, Smith HO, Yandell M, Evans CA, Holt RA, Gocayne JD, Amanatides P, Ballew RM, Huson DH, Wortman JR, Zhang Q, Kodira CD, Zheng XH, Chen L, Skupski M, Subramanian G, Thomas PD, Zhang J, Gabor Miklos GL, Nelson C, Broder S, Clark AG, Nadeau J, McKusick VA, Zinder N, Levine AJ, Roberts RJ, Simon M, Slayman C, Hunkapiller M, Bolanos R, Delcher A, Dew I, Fasulo D, Flanigan M, Florea L, Halpern A, Hannenhalli S, Kravitz S, Levy S, Mobarry C, Reinert K, Remington K, Abu-Threideh J, Beasley E, Biddick K, Bonazzi V, Brandon R, Cargill M, Chandramouliswaran I, Charlab R, Chaturvedi K, Deng Z, Di Francesco V, Dunn P, Eilbeck K, Evangelista C, Gabrielian AE, Gan W, Ge W, Gong F, Gu Z, Guan P, Heiman TJ, Higgins ME, Ji RR, Ke Z, Ketchum KA, Lai Z, Lei Y, Li Z, Li J, Liang Y, Lin X, Lu F, Merkulov GV, Milshina N, Moore HM, Naik AK, Narayan VA, Neelam B, Nusskern D, Rusch DB, Salzberg S, Shao W, Shue B, Sun J, Wang Z, Wang A, Wang X, Wang J, Wei M, Wides R, Xiao C, Yan C, Yao A, Ye J, Zhan M, Zhang W, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Zheng L, Zhong F, Zhong W, Zhu S, Zhao S, Gilbert D, Baumhueter S, Spier G, Carter C, Cravchik A, Woodage T, Ali F, An H, Awe A, Baldwin D, Baden H, Barnstead M, Barrow I, Beeson K, Busam D, Carver A, Center A, Cheng ML, Curry L, Danaher S, Davenport L, Desilets R, Dietz S, Dodson K, Doup L, Ferriera S, Garg N, Gluecksmann A, Hart B, Haynes J, Haynes C, Heiner C, Hladun S, Hostin D, Houck J, Howland T, Ibegwam C, Johnson J, Kalush F, Kline L, Koduru S, Love A, Mann F, May D, McCawley S, McIntosh T, McMullen I, Moy M, Moy L, Murphy B, Nelson K, Pfannkoch C, Pratts E, Puri V, Qureshi H, Reardon M, Rodriguez R, Rogers YH, Romblad D, Ruhfel B, Scott R, Sitter C, Smallwood M, Stewart E, Strong R, Suh E, Thomas R, Tint NN, Tse S, Vech C, Wang G, Wetter J, Williams S, Williams M, Windsor S, Winn-Deen E, Wolfe K, Zaveri J, Zaveri K, Abril JF, Guigo R, Campbell MJ, Sjolander KV, Karlak B, Kejariwal A, Mi H, Lazareva B, Hatton T, Narechania A, Diemer K, Muruganujan A, Guo N, Sato S, Bafna V, Istrail S, Lippert R, Schwartz R, Walenz B, Yooseph S, Allen D, Basu A, Baxendale J, Blick L, Caminha M, Carnes-Stine J, Caulk P, Chiang YH, Coyne M, Dahlke C, Mays A, Dombroski M, Donnelly M, Ely D, Esparham S, Fosler C, Gire H, Glanowski S, Glasser K, Glodek A, Gorokhov M, Graham K, Gropman B, Harris M, Heil J, Henderson S, Hoover J, Jennings D, Jordan C, Jordan J, Kasha J, Kagan L, Kraft C, Levitsky A, Lewis M, Liu X, Lopez J, Ma D, Majoros W, McDaniel J, Murphy S, Newman M, Nguyen T, Nguyen N, Nodell M, Pan S, Peck J, Peterson M, Rowe W, Sanders R, Scott J, Simpson M, Smith T, Sprague A, Stockwell T, Turner R, Venter E, Wang M, Wen M, Wu D, Wu M, Xia A, Zandieh A, Zhu X: The sequence of the human genome. Science. 2001 Feb 16;291(5507):1304-51. [PubMed ]

1. Kynurenine formamidase
2. KF

MMDVSGVGFPSKVPWKKMSAEELENQYCPSRWVVRLGAEEALRTYSQIGIEATTRARATR
KSLLHVPYGDGEGEKVDIYFPDESSEALPFFLFFHGGYWQSGSKDESAFMVHPLTAQGVA
VVIVAYGIAPKGTLDHMVDQVTRSVAFVQKRYPSNKGIYLCGHSAGAHLAAMMLLADWTK
HGVTPNLRGFFLVSGVFDLEPIVYTSQNVALQLTLEDAQRNSPQLKVAQAQPVDPTCRVL
VVVGQFDSPEFHRQSWEFYQTLCQGEWKASFEELHDVDHFEIVENLTQKDNVLTQIILKT
IFQ

• Glyoxylate and Dicarboxylate Metabolism (map00630 )
• Tryptophan Metabolism (map00380 )

• N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = formate + L-kynurenine [RN:R01959]

• Abhydrolase_3 (PF07859 )

• None

• None

ATGATGGATGTGTCTGGTGTGGGTTTCCCAAGCAAGGTTCCTTGGAAGAAGATGTCTGCA
GAGGAGCTGGAGAATCAGTACTGTCCCAGCCGATGGGTTGTCCGACTGGGAGCAGAGGAA
GCCTTGAGGACCTACTCACAGATAGGAATTGAAGCCACCACAAGGGCCCGGGCCACCAGG
AAGAGCCTGCTGCATGTCCCCTATGGAGACGGCGAAGGGGAGAAAGTGGACATTTACTTC
CCCGACGAGTCGTCTGAAGCCTTGCCTTTCTTCCTGTTCTTTCACGGAGGATACTGGCAG
AGCGGAAGTAAGGATGAGTCTGCCTTCATGGTCCACCCGCTGACGGCACAGGGAGTGGCC
GTGGTAATAGTGGCTTACGGCATCGCCCCCAAAGGCACCCTGGACCACATGGTAGACCAG
GTGACCCGCAGCGTTGCGTTTGTCCAGAAGCGGTATCCAAGCAACAAGGGAATTTACCTG
TGTGGACACTCAGCCGGGGCCCACCTGGCTGCCATGATGCTCCTGGCCGACTGGACCAAG
CATGGGGTCACGCCCAACCTCAGAGGCTTTTTCCTGGTGAGTGGGGTCTTTGACCTGGAG
CCCATCGTGTATACTTCACAGAACGTTGCTCTCCAGCTGACCCTGGAGGACGCTCAGAGG
AATAGCCCCCAGCTGAAGGTGGCCCAGGCACAGCCGGTGGACCCCACCTGCCGTGTGCTG
GTGGTCGTGGGCCAGTTCGACTCCCCCGAATTCCACCGACAGTCCTGGGAGTTTTACCAG
ACCCTGTGTCAAGGAGAGTGGAAAGCCTCATTTGAAGAGCTCCACGATGTGGACCACTTT
GAAATTGTTGAGAATCTGACCCAGAAGGACAACGTGCTCACCCAGATTATCTTGAAAACA
ATCTTCCAGTAG

1. Bechtel S, Rosenfelder H, Duda A, Schmidt CP, Ernst U, Wellenreuther R, Mehrle A, Schuster C, Bahr A, Blocker H, Heubner D, Hoerlein A, Michel G, Wedler H, Kohrer K, Ottenwalder B, Poustka A, Wiemann S, Schupp I: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium. BMC Genomics. 2007 Oct 31;8:399. [PubMed ]
2. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]

1. SubName: Kynureninase (L-kynurenine hydrolase), isoform CRA_a

MEPSSLELPADTVQRIAAELKCHPTDERVALHLDEEDKLRHFRECFYIPKIQDLPPVDLS
LVNKDENAIYFLGNSLGLQPKMVKTYLEEELDKWAKIAAYGHEVGKRPWITGDESIVGLM
KDIVGANEKEIALMNALTVNLHLLMLSFFKPTPKRYKILLEAKAFPSDHYAIESQLQLHG
LNIEESMRMIKPREGEETLRIEDILEVIEKEGDSIAVILFSGVHFYTGQHFNIPAITKAG
QAKGCYVGFDLAHAVGNVELYLHDWGVDFACWCSYKYLNAGAGGIAGAFIHEKHAHTIKP
ARSEFFN

• Aminotran_5 (PF00266 )

• None

• None

ATGGAGCCTTCATCTCTTGAGCTGCCGGCTGACACAGTGCAGCGCATTGCGGCTGAACTC
AAATGCCACCCAACGGATGAGAGGGTGGCTCTCCACCTAGATGAGGAAGATAAGCTGAGG
CACTTCAGGGAGTGCTTTTATATTCCCAAAATACAGGATCTGCCTCCAGTTGATTTATCA
TTAGTGAATAAAGATGAAAATGCCATCTATTTCTTGGGAAATTCTCTTGGCCTTCAACCA
AAAATGGTTAAAACATATCTTGAAGAAGAACTAGATAAGTGGGCCAAAATAGCAGCCTAT
GGTCATGAAGTGGGGAAGCGTCCTTGGATTACAGGAGATGAGAGTATTGTAGGCCTTATG
AAGGACATTGTAGGAGCCAATGAGAAAGAAATAGCCCTAATGAATGCTTTGACTGTAAAT
TTACATCTTCTAATGTTATCATTTTTTAAGCCTACGCCAAAACGATATAAAATTCTTCTA
GAAGCCAAAGCCTTCCCTTCTGATCATTATGCTATTGAGTCACAACTACAACTTCACGGA
CTTAACATTGAAGAAAGTATGCGGATGATAAAGCCAAGAGAGGGGGAAGAAACCTTAAGA
ATAGAGGATATCCTTGAAGTAATTGAGAAGGAAGGAGACTCAATTGCAGTGATCCTGTTC
AGTGGGGTGCATTTTTACACTGGACAGCACTTTAATATTCCTGCCATCACAAAAGCTGGA
CAAGCGAAGGGTTGTTATGTTGGCTTTGATCTAGCACATGCAGTTGGAAATGTTGAACTC
TACTTACATGACTGGGGAGTTGATTTTGCCTGCTGGTGTTCCTACAAGTATTTAAATGCA
GGAGCAGGAGGAATTGCTGGTGCCTTCATTCATGAAAAGCATGCCCATACGATTAAACCT
GCGAGATCGGAGTTCTTTAATTAG

1. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
2. Venter JC, Adams MD, Myers EW, Li PW, Mural RJ, Sutton GG, Smith HO, Yandell M, Evans CA, Holt RA, Gocayne JD, Amanatides P, Ballew RM, Huson DH, Wortman JR, Zhang Q, Kodira CD, Zheng XH, Chen L, Skupski M, Subramanian G, Thomas PD, Zhang J, Gabor Miklos GL, Nelson C, Broder S, Clark AG, Nadeau J, McKusick VA, Zinder N, Levine AJ, Roberts RJ, Simon M, Slayman C, Hunkapiller M, Bolanos R, Delcher A, Dew I, Fasulo D, Flanigan M, Florea L, Halpern A, Hannenhalli S, Kravitz S, Levy S, Mobarry C, Reinert K, Remington K, Abu-Threideh J, Beasley E, Biddick K, Bonazzi V, Brandon R, Cargill M, Chandramouliswaran I, Charlab R, Chaturvedi K, Deng Z, Di Francesco V, Dunn P, Eilbeck K, Evangelista C, Gabrielian AE, Gan W, Ge W, Gong F, Gu Z, Guan P, Heiman TJ, Higgins ME, Ji RR, Ke Z, Ketchum KA, Lai Z, Lei Y, Li Z, Li J, Liang Y, Lin X, Lu F, Merkulov GV, Milshina N, Moore HM, Naik AK, Narayan VA, Neelam B, Nusskern D, Rusch DB, Salzberg S, Shao W, Shue B, Sun J, Wang Z, Wang A, Wang X, Wang J, Wei M, Wides R, Xiao C, Yan C, Yao A, Ye J, Zhan M, Zhang W, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Zheng L, Zhong F, Zhong W, Zhu S, Zhao S, Gilbert D, Baumhueter S, Spier G, Carter C, Cravchik A, Woodage T, Ali F, An H, Awe A, Baldwin D, Baden H, Barnstead M, Barrow I, Beeson K, Busam D, Carver A, Center A, Cheng ML, Curry L, Danaher S, Davenport L, Desilets R, Dietz S, Dodson K, Doup L, Ferriera S, Garg N, Gluecksmann A, Hart B, Haynes J, Haynes C, Heiner C, Hladun S, Hostin D, Houck J, Howland T, Ibegwam C, Johnson J, Kalush F, Kline L, Koduru S, Love A, Mann F, May D, McCawley S, McIntosh T, McMullen I, Moy M, Moy L, Murphy B, Nelson K, Pfannkoch C, Pratts E, Puri V, Qureshi H, Reardon M, Rodriguez R, Rogers YH, Romblad D, Ruhfel B, Scott R, Sitter C, Smallwood M, Stewart E, Strong R, Suh E, Thomas R, Tint NN, Tse S, Vech C, Wang G, Wetter J, Williams S, Williams M, Windsor S, Winn-Deen E, Wolfe K, Zaveri J, Zaveri K, Abril JF, Guigo R, Campbell MJ, Sjolander KV, Karlak B, Kejariwal A, Mi H, Lazareva B, Hatton T, Narechania A, Diemer K, Muruganujan A, Guo N, Sato S, Bafna V, Istrail S, Lippert R, Schwartz R, Walenz B, Yooseph S, Allen D, Basu A, Baxendale J, Blick L, Caminha M, Carnes-Stine J, Caulk P, Chiang YH, Coyne M, Dahlke C, Mays A, Dombroski M, Donnelly M, Ely D, Esparham S, Fosler C, Gire H, Glanowski S, Glasser K, Glodek A, Gorokhov M, Graham K, Gropman B, Harris M, Heil J, Henderson S, Hoover J, Jennings D, Jordan C, Jordan J, Kasha J, Kagan L, Kraft C, Levitsky A, Lewis M, Liu X, Lopez J, Ma D, Majoros W, McDaniel J, Murphy S, Newman M, Nguyen T, Nguyen N, Nodell M, Pan S, Peck J, Peterson M, Rowe W, Sanders R, Scott J, Simpson M, Smith T, Sprague A, Stockwell T, Turner R, Venter E, Wang M, Wen M, Wu D, Wu M, Xia A, Zandieh A, Zhu X: The sequence of the human genome. Science. 2001 Feb 16;291(5507):1304-51. [PubMed ]

1. Cysteine-S-conjugate beta-lyase 2
2. Kynurenine aminotransferase III
3. KATIII
4. Kynurenine--glyoxylate transaminase
5. Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase III

MFLAQRSLCSLSGRAKFLKTISSSKILGFSTSAKMSLKFTNAKRIEGLDSNVWIEFTKLA
ADPSVVNLGQGFPDISPPTYVKEELSKIAAIDSLNQYTRGFGHPSLVKALSYLYEKLYQK
QIDSNKEILVTVGAYGSLFNTIQALIDEGDEVILIVPFYDCYEPMVRMAGATPVFIPLRS
KPVYGKRWSSSDWTLDPQELESKFNSKTKAIILNTPHNPLGKVYNREELQVIADLCIKYD
TLCISDEVYEWLVYSGNKHLKIATFPGMWERTITIGSAGKTFSVTGWKLGWSIGPNHLIK
HLQTVQQNTIYTCATPLQEALAQAFWIDIKRMDDPECYFNSLPKELEVKRDRMVRLLESV
GLKPIVPDGGYFIIADVSLLDPDLSDMKNNEPYDYKFVKWMTKHKKLSAIPVSAFCNSET
KSQFEKFVRFCFIKKDSTLDAAEEIIKAWSVQKS

• Tryptophan Metabolism (map00380 )

• RS-CH2-CH(NH3+)COO- = RSH + NH3 + pyruvate [RN:R03528]

• Aminotran_1_2 (PF00155 )

• None

• None

ATGTTTTTGGCCCAGAGGAGCCTCTGCTCTCTTAGCGGTAGAGCAAAATTCCTGAAGACA
ATTTCTTCTTCCAAAATCCTCGGATTCTCTACTTCTGCTAAAATGTCACTGAAATTCACA
AATGCAAAACGGATTGAAGGACTTGATAGTAATGTGTGGATTGAATTTACCAAATTGGCT
GCAGACCCTTCTGTTGTGAATCTTGGCCAAGGCTTTCCAGATATATCCCCTCCTACATAT
GTAAAAGAAGAATTATCAAAGATTGCAGCAATCGATAGCCTGAATCAGTATACACGAGGC
TTTGGCCATCCATCACTTGTGAAAGCTCTGTCCTATCTGTATGAAAAGCTTTATCAAAAG
CAAATTGATTCAAATAAAGAAATCCTTGTGACAGTAGGAGCATATGGATCTCTTTTTAAC
ACCATTCAAGCATTAATTGATGAGGGAGATGAAGTCATACTAATAGTGCCTTTCTATGAC
TGCTATGAGCCCATGGTGAGAATGGCTGGAGCAACACCTGTTTTTATTCCCCTGAGATCT
AAACCTGTTTATGGAAAAAGATGGTCTAGTTCTGACTGGACATTAGATCCTCAAGAACTG
GAAAGTAAATTTAATTCCAAAACCAAAGCTATTATACTAAATACTCCACATAACCCACTT
GGCAAGGTGTATAACAGAGAGGAACTGCAAGTAATTGCTGACCTTTGCATCAAATATGAC
ACACTCTGCATCAGCGATGAGGTTTATGAATGGCTTGTATATTCTGGAAATAAGCACTTA
AAAATAGCTACTTTTCCAGGTATGTGGGAGAGAACAATAACAATAGGAAGTGCTGGAAAG
ACTTTCAGTGTAACTGGCTGGAAGCTTGGCTGGTCCATTGGTCCAAATCATTTGATAAAA
CATTTACAGACAGTTCAACAAAACACGATTTATACTTGTGCAACTCCTTTACAGGAAGCC
TTGGCTCAAGCTTTCTGGATTGACATCAAGCGCATGGATGACCCAGAATGTTACTTTAAT
TCTTTGCCAAAAGAGTTAGAAGTAAAAAGAGATCGGATGGTACGTTTACTTGAAAGTGTT
GGCCTAAAACCCATAGTTCCTGATGGAGGATACTTCATCATCGCTGATGTGTCTTTGCTA
GATCCAGACCTCTCTGATATGAAGAATAATGAGCCTTATGACTATAAGTTTGTGAAATGG
ATGACTAAACATAAGAAACTATCAGCCATCCCCGTTTCAGCATTCTGTAACTCAGAGACT
AAATCACAGTTTGAGAAGTTTGTGCGTTTTTGCTTCATTAAAAAAGACAGCACACTGGAT
GCTGCTGAAGAAATCATCAAGGCATGGAGTGTACAGAAGTCTTGA

1. Yu P, Li Z, Zhang L, Tagle DA, Cai T: Characterization of kynurenine aminotransferase III, a novel member of a phylogenetically conserved KAT family. Gene. 2006 Jan 3;365:111-8. Epub 2006 Jan 10. [PubMed ]
2. Bechtel S, Rosenfelder H, Duda A, Schmidt CP, Ernst U, Wellenreuther R, Mehrle A, Schuster C, Bahr A, Blocker H, Heubner D, Hoerlein A, Michel G, Wedler H, Kohrer K, Ottenwalder B, Poustka A, Wiemann S, Schupp I: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium. BMC Genomics. 2007 Oct 31;8:399. [PubMed ]
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4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
5. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]