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Human Metabolome Database Version 3.5

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Showing metabocard for FAD (HMDB01248)

Record Information
Version 3.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 08:48:42 -0700
Update Date 2013-02-08 17:10:10 -0700
HMDB ID HMDB01248
Secondary Accession Numbers None
Metabolite Identification
Common Name FAD
Description FAD is a condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972).
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
  1. 1H-Purin-6-amine flavin dinucleotide
  2. 1H-Purin-6-amine flavine dinucleotide
  3. Adenine-flavin dinucleotide
  4. Adenine-flavine dinucleotide
  5. Adenine-riboflavin dinuceotide
  6. Adenine-riboflavin dinucleotide
  7. Adenine-riboflavine dinucleotide
  8. FAD
  9. Flamitajin B
  10. Flanin F
  11. Flavin adenine dinucleotide
  12. Flavin adenine dinucleotide oxidized
  13. Flavin-adenine dinucleotide
  14. Flavine adenosine diphosphate
  15. Flavine-adenine dinucleotide
  16. Flavitan
  17. Flaziren
  18. Isoalloxazine-adenine dinucleotide
  19. Riboflavin 5'-adenosine diphosphate
  20. Riboflavin-adenine dinucleotide
  21. Riboflavine-adenine dinucleotide
Chemical Formula C27H33N9O15P2
Average Molecular Weight 785.5497
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 785.157134455
IUPAC Name {[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}[({[(2R,3S,4S)-5-{7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-2H,3H,4H,10H-benzo[g]pteridin-10-yl}-2,3,4-trihydroxypentyl]oxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy]phosphinic acid
Traditional IUPAC Name [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy({[(2R,3S,4S)-5-{7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3H-benzo[g]pteridin-10-yl}-2,3,4-trihydroxypentyl]oxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)phosphinic acid
CAS Registry Number 146-14-5
SMILES CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)N1C=NC3=C1N=CN=C3N)C1=NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=N2
InChI Identifier InChI=1S/C27H33N9O15P2/c1-10-3-12-13(4-11(10)2)35(24-18(32-12)25(42)34-27(43)33-24)5-14(37)19(39)15(38)6-48-52(44,45)51-53(46,47)49-7-16-20(40)21(41)26(50-16)36-9-31-17-22(28)29-8-30-23(17)36/h3-4,8-9,14-16,19-21,26,37-41H,5-7H2,1-2H3,(H,44,45)(H,46,47)(H2,28,29,30)(H,34,42,43)/t14-,15+,16+,19-,20+,21+,26+/m0/s1
InChI Key VWWQXMAJTJZDQX-UYBVJOGSSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic Compounds
Super Class Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and Analogues
Class Flavin Nucleotides
Sub Class N/A
Other Descriptors
  • Aromatic Heteropolycyclic Compounds
  • flavin adenine dinucleotide(ChEBI)
Substituents
  • 1,2 Diol
  • 1 Phosphoribosyl Imidazole
  • Aminopyrimidine
  • Disaccharide Phosphate
  • Flavin
  • Glycosyl Compound
  • Imidazole
  • Imidazopyrimidine
  • Isoalloxazine
  • N Glycosyl Compound
  • Organic Hypophosphite
  • Organic Phosphite
  • Organic Pyrophosphate
  • Oxolane
  • Pentose Disaccharide
  • Phosphoric Acid Ester
  • Pteridine
  • Purine
  • Purine Ribonucleoside Diphosphate
  • Pyrazine
  • Pyrimidine
  • Pyrimidone
  • Quinoxaline
  • Saccharide
  • Secondary Alcohol
  • Toluene
Direct Parent Flavin Nucleotides
Ontology
Status Detected and Quantified
Origin
  • Endogenous
Biofunction
  • Enzyme cofactor
Application Not Available
Cellular locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Peroxisome
Physical Properties
State Solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Reference
Melting Point Not Available Not Available
Boiling Point Not Available Not Available
Water Solubility 5 mg/mL Not Available
LogP Not Available Not Available
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
Water Solubility 4.25 g/L ALOGPS
LogP -0.78 ALOGPS
LogP -5.3 ChemAxon
LogS -2.27 ALOGPS
pKa (strongest acidic) 1.86 ChemAxon
pKa (strongest basic) 4.99 ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count 19 ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count 9 ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area 356.42 A2 ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count 13 ChemAxon
Refractivity 177.43 ChemAxon
Polarizability 70.11 ChemAxon
Formal Charge 0 ChemAxon
Physiological Charge -3 ChemAxon
Spectra
1H NMR Spectrum
MS/MS Spectrum Quattro_QQQ 10
MS/MS Spectrum Quattro_QQQ 25
MS/MS Spectrum Quattro_QQQ 40
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic)
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic)
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic)
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic)
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic)
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic)
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic)
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic)
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic)
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic)
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic)
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic)
[1H,1H] 2D NMR Spectrum
[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Peroxisome
Biofluid Locations
  • Blood
Tissue Location
  • Muscle
  • Erythrocyte
  • Liver
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Citric Acid Cycle SMP00057 map00020 Link_out
Glycerol Phosphate Shuttle SMP00124 Not Available
Riboflavin Metabolism SMP00070 map00740 Link_out
Normal Concentrations
Biofluid Status Value Age Sex Condition Comments
Blood Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
0.061 (0.044-0.078) uM Adult (>18 years old) Female Normal Not Available
Blood Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
0.078 +/- 0.054 uM Adolescent (13-18 years old) Female Normal Not Available
Blood Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
0.075 (0.056-0.097) uM Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Biofluid Status Value Age Sex Condition Comments
Blood Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
0.031 +/- 0.01 uM Children (1-13 year old) Both Severely malnourished children Not Available
Blood Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
0.048 +/- 0.023 uM Adolescent (13-18 years old) Female Anorexia nervosa Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Anorexia nervosa
  • Capo-chichi CD, Gueant JL, Lefebvre E, Bennani N, Lorentz E, Vidailhet C, Vidailhet M: Riboflavin and riboflavin-derived cofactors in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Apr;69(4):672-8. Pubmed: 10197568 Link_out
    Associated OMIM IDs
    DrugBank ID Not Available
    Phenol Explorer Compound ID Not Available
    Phenol Explorer Metabolite ID Not Available
    FoodDB ID FDB022511
    KNApSAcK ID Not Available
    Chemspider ID 559059 Link_out
    KEGG Compound ID C00016 Link_out
    BioCyc ID FAD Link_out
    BiGG ID 33521 Link_out
    Wikipedia Link FAD Link_out
    NuGOwiki Link HMDB01248 Link_out
    Metagene Link HMDB01248 Link_out
    METLIN ID 6106 Link_out
    PubChem Compound 643975 Link_out
    PDB ID FAD Link_out
    ChEBI ID 16238 Link_out
    References
    Synthesis Reference Not Available
    Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Download (PDF)
    General References
    1. Flatz G, Simmersbach F: Flavin adenine dinucleotide concentration in erythrocytes with normal and deficient glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Klin Wochenschr. 1970 Sep 1;48(17):1071-2. Pubmed: 5523465 Link_out
    2. Zempleni J: Determination of riboflavin and flavocoenzymes in human blood plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. Ann Nutr Metab. 1995;39(4):224-6. Pubmed: 8546438 Link_out
    3. Becker K, Wilkinson AR: Flavin adenine dinucleotide levels in erythrocytes of very low birthweight infants under vitamin supplementation. Biol Neonate. 1993;63(2):80-5. Pubmed: 8448258 Link_out
    4. Lisowsky T, Lee JE, Polimeno L, Francavilla A, Hofhaus G: Mammalian augmenter of liver regeneration protein is a sulfhydryl oxidase. Dig Liver Dis. 2001 Mar;33(2):173-80. Pubmed: 11346147 Link_out
    5. Cimino JA, Jhangiani S, Schwartz E, Cooperman JM: Riboflavin metabolism in the hypothyroid human adult. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1987 Feb;184(2):151-3. Pubmed: 3809170 Link_out
    6. Kodentsova VM, Vrzhesinskaia OA, Alekseeva IA, Spirichev VB: [Comparison of biochemical criteria for supplying the human body with riboflavin] Vopr Med Khim. 1991 Sep-Oct;37(5):76-9. Pubmed: 1759408 Link_out
    7. Lopez-Anaya A, Mayersohn M: Quantification of riboflavin, riboflavin 5'-phosphate and flavin adenine dinucleotide in plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr. 1987 Dec 25;423:105-13. Pubmed: 3443641 Link_out
    8. Van Binsbergen CJ, Odink J, Van den Berg H, Koppeschaar H, Coelingh Bennink HJ: Nutritional status in anorexia nervosa: clinical chemistry, vitamins, iron and zinc. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1988 Nov;42(11):929-37. Pubmed: 3074921 Link_out
    9. Mohrenweiser HW, Novotny JE: ACP1GUA-1--a low-activity variant of human erythrocyte acid phosphatase: association with increased glutathione reductase activity. Am J Hum Genet. 1982 May;34(3):425-33. Pubmed: 7081221 Link_out
    10. Gianazza E, Vergani L, Wait R, Brizio C, Brambilla D, Begum S, Giancaspero TA, Conserva F, Eberini I, Bufano D, Angelini C, Pegoraro E, Tramontano A, Barile M: Coordinated and reversible reduction of enzymes involved in terminal oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle mitochondria from a riboflavin-responsive, multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency patient. Electrophoresis. 2006 Mar;27(5-6):1182-98. Pubmed: 16470778 Link_out
    11. Cimino JA, Noto RA, Fusco CL, Cooperman JM: Riboflavin metabolism in the hypothyroid newborn. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988 Mar;47(3):481-3. Pubmed: 3348160 Link_out

    Enzymes
    Name: Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
    Reactions:
    • protein N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine + NAD+ = protein N6-(lipoyl)lysine + NADH + H+ [RN:R08550]
    Gene Name: DLD
    Uniprot ID: P09622 Link_out
    Protein Sequence: FASTA
    Gene Sequence: FASTA
    Name: Long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
    Reactions:
    • acyl-CoA + acceptor = 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + reduced acceptor [RN:R00392]
    Gene Name: ACADL
    Uniprot ID: P28330 Link_out
    Protein Sequence: FASTA
    Gene Sequence: FASTA
    Name: Short-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
    Reactions:
    • butanoyl-CoA + acceptor = 2-butenoyl-CoA + reduced acceptor [RN:R01178]
    Gene Name: ACADS
    Uniprot ID: P16219 Link_out
    Protein Sequence: FASTA
    Gene Sequence: FASTA
    Name: Medium-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
    Reactions:
    • acyl-CoA + acceptor = 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + reduced acceptor [RN:R00392]
    Gene Name: ACADM
    Uniprot ID: P11310 Link_out
    Protein Sequence: FASTA
    Gene Sequence: FASTA
    Name: NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1
    Reactions:
    • NADH + H+ + ubiquinone = NAD+ + ubiquinol [RN:R02163]
    Gene Name: MT-ND1
    Uniprot ID: P03886 Link_out
    Protein Sequence: FASTA
    Gene Sequence: FASTA
    Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1
    Reactions:
    • --- []
    Gene Name: NDUFB1
    Uniprot ID: O75438 Link_out
    Protein Sequence: FASTA
    Gene Sequence: FASTA
    Name: Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1
    Reactions:
    • a dinucleotide + H2O = 2 mononucleotides [RN:R00056]
    Gene Name: ENPP1
    Uniprot ID: P22413 Link_out
    Protein Sequence: FASTA
    Gene Sequence: FASTA
    Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial
    Reactions:
    • NADH + H+ + acceptor = NAD+ + reduced acceptor [RN:R00281]
    Gene Name: NDUFS2
    Uniprot ID: O75306 Link_out
    Protein Sequence: FASTA
    Gene Sequence: FASTA
    Name: Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial
    Reactions:
    • --- []
    Gene Name: SDHC
    Uniprot ID: Q99643 Link_out
    Protein Sequence: FASTA
    Gene Sequence: FASTA
    Name: Peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase
    Reactions:
    • L-pipecolate + O2 = 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylate + H2O2 [RN:R02204]
    Gene Name: PIPOX
    Uniprot ID: Q9P0Z9 Link_out
    Protein Sequence: FASTA
    Gene Sequence: FASTA
    Name: Peroxisomal N(1)-acetyl-spermine/spermidine oxidase
    Reactions:
    • (1) N1-acetylspermidine + O2 + H2O = putrescine + 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 [RN:R09074]
    • (2) N1-acetylspermine + O2 + H2O = spermidine + 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 [RN:R03899]
    Gene Name: PAOX
    Uniprot ID: Q6QHF9 Link_out
    Protein Sequence: FASTA
    Gene Sequence: FASTA
    Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12
    Reactions:
    • --- []
    Gene Name: NDUFA12
    Uniprot ID: Q9UI09 Link_out
    Protein Sequence: FASTA
    Gene Sequence: FASTA
    Name: NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 3
    Reactions:
    • NADH + 2 ferricytochrome b5 = NAD+ + H+ + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 [RN:R00100]
    Gene Name: CYB5R3
    Uniprot ID: P00387 Link_out
    Protein Sequence: FASTA
    Gene Sequence: FASTA
    Name: Aldehyde oxidase
    Reactions:
    • an aldehyde + H2O + O2 = a carboxylic acid + H2O2 [RN:R00635]
    Gene Name: AOX1
    Uniprot ID: Q06278 Link_out
    Protein Sequence: FASTA
    Gene Sequence: FASTA
    Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1
    Reactions:
    • --- []
    Gene Name: NDUFA1
    Uniprot ID: O15239 Link_out
    Protein Sequence: FASTA
    Gene Sequence: FASTA
    Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2
    Reactions:
      Gene Name: NDUFA4L2
      Uniprot ID: Q9NRX3 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3
      Reactions:
      • --- []
      Gene Name: NDUFA3
      Uniprot ID: O95167 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8
      Reactions:
      • --- []
      Gene Name: NDUFA8
      Uniprot ID: P51970 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4
      Reactions:
      • --- []
      Gene Name: NDUFA4
      Uniprot ID: O00483 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4L
      Reactions:
      • NADH + H+ + ubiquinone = NAD+ + ubiquinol [RN:R02163]
      Gene Name: MT-ND4L
      Uniprot ID: P03901 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11
      Reactions:
      • --- []
      Gene Name: NDUFA11
      Uniprot ID: Q86Y39 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic
      Reactions:
      • thioredoxin + NADP+ = thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02016]
      Gene Name: TXNRD1
      Uniprot ID: Q16881 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Lathosterol oxidase
      Reactions:
      • 5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = cholesta-5,7-dien-3beta-ol + NAD(P)+ + 2 H2O [RN:R03310 R07215]
      Gene Name: SC5DL
      Uniprot ID: O75845 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial
      Reactions:
      • --- []
      Gene Name: NDUFS4
      Uniprot ID: O43181 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]
      Reactions:
      • 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone = 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide + a hydroquinone [RN:R07361]
      Gene Name: NQO2
      Uniprot ID: P16083 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial
      Reactions:
      • NADH + H+ + acceptor = NAD+ + reduced acceptor [RN:R00281]
      Gene Name: NDUFS3
      Uniprot ID: O75489 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5
      Reactions:
      • --- []
      Gene Name: NDUFS5
      Uniprot ID: O43920 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial
      Reactions:
      • NADH + H+ + acceptor = NAD+ + reduced acceptor [RN:R00281]
      Gene Name: NDUFV2
      Uniprot ID: P19404 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 5
      Reactions:
      • N,N-dimethylaniline + NADPH + H+ + O2 = N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R03344]
      Gene Name: FMO5
      Uniprot ID: P49326 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial
      Reactions:
      • --- []
      Gene Name: NDUFA10
      Uniprot ID: O95299 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6
      Reactions:
      • --- []
      Gene Name: NDUFA6
      Uniprot ID: P56556 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1
      Reactions:
      • acyl-CoA + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + H2O2 [RN:R00388]
      Gene Name: ACOX1
      Uniprot ID: Q15067 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: D-aspartate oxidase
      Reactions:
      • D-aspartate + H2O + O2 = oxaloacetate + NH3 + H2O2 [RN:R00359]
      Gene Name: DDO
      Uniprot ID: Q99489 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4
      Reactions:
      • --- []
      Gene Name: NDUFB4
      Uniprot ID: O95168 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial
      Reactions:
      • succinate + ubiquinone = fumarate + ubiquinol [RN:R02164]
      Gene Name: SDHA
      Uniprot ID: P31040 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Heme oxygenase 2
      Reactions:
      • heme + 3 AH2 + 3 O2 = biliverdin + Fe2+ + CO + 3 A + 3 H2O [RN:R00311]
      Gene Name: HMOX2
      Uniprot ID: P30519 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial
      Reactions:
      • NADH + H+ + acceptor = NAD+ + reduced acceptor [RN:R00281]
      Gene Name: NDUFS8
      Uniprot ID: O00217 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Squalene monooxygenase
      Reactions:
      • squalene + AH2 + O2 = (S)-squalene-2,3-epoxide + A + H2O [RN:R02873]
      Gene Name: SQLE
      Uniprot ID: Q14534 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 2
      Reactions:
      • NADH + H+ + ubiquinone = NAD+ + ubiquinol [RN:R02163]
      Gene Name: MT-ND2
      Uniprot ID: P03891 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 2
      Reactions:
      • N,N-dimethylaniline + NADPH + H+ + O2 = N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R03344]
      Gene Name: FMO2
      Uniprot ID: Q99518 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7
      Reactions:
      • --- []
      Gene Name: NDUFA7
      Uniprot ID: O95182 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial
      Reactions:
      • thioredoxin + NADP+ = thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02016]
      Gene Name: TXNRD2
      Uniprot ID: Q9NNW7 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2
      Reactions:
      • --- []
      Gene Name: NDUFA2
      Uniprot ID: O43678 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Methionine synthase
      Reactions:
      • 5-methyltetrahydrofolate + L-homocysteine = tetrahydrofolate + L-methionine [RN:R00946]
      Gene Name: MTR
      Uniprot ID: Q99707 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B
      Reactions:
      • RCH2NHR' + H2O + O2 = RCHO + R'NH2 + H2O2 [RN:R01853]
      Gene Name: MAOB
      Uniprot ID: P27338 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial
      Reactions:
      • NADH + H+ + acceptor = NAD+ + reduced acceptor [RN:R00281]
      Gene Name: NDUFS1
      Uniprot ID: P28331 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial
      Reactions:
      • --- []
      Gene Name: NDUFB5
      Uniprot ID: O43674 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 2
      Reactions:
      • (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoA + H2O + acceptor = (24R,25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26- oyl-CoA + reduced acceptor [RN:R07374]
      Gene Name: ACOX2
      Uniprot ID: Q99424 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 4
      Reactions:
      • N,N-dimethylaniline + NADPH + H+ + O2 = N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R03344]
      Gene Name: FMO4
      Uniprot ID: P31512 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
      Reactions:
      • 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA + acceptor = 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA + reduced acceptor [RN:R04096]
      Gene Name: IVD
      Uniprot ID: P26440 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A
      Reactions:
      • RCH2NHR' + H2O + O2 = RCHO + R'NH2 + H2O2 [RN:R01853]
      Gene Name: MAOA
      Uniprot ID: P21397 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2
      Reactions:
      • --- []
      Gene Name: NDUFC2
      Uniprot ID: O95298 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3
      Reactions:
      • N,N-dimethylaniline + NADPH + H+ + O2 = N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R03344]
      Gene Name: FMO3
      Uniprot ID: P31513 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3
      Reactions:
      • --- []
      Gene Name: NDUFB3
      Uniprot ID: O43676 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7
      Reactions:
      • --- []
      Gene Name: NDUFB7
      Uniprot ID: P17568 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial
      Reactions:
      • --- []
      Gene Name: NDUFAB1
      Uniprot ID: O14561 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5
      Reactions:
      • --- []
      Gene Name: NDUFA5
      Uniprot ID: Q16718 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Electron transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondrial
      Reactions:
      • reduced electron-transferring flavoprotein + ubiquinone = electron-transferring flavoprotein + ubiquinol [RN:R04433]
      Gene Name: ETFDH
      Uniprot ID: Q16134 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial
      Reactions:
      • --- []
      Gene Name: NDUFA9
      Uniprot ID: Q16795 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4
      Reactions:
      • NADH + H+ + ubiquinone = NAD+ + ubiquinol [RN:R02163]
      Gene Name: MT-ND4
      Uniprot ID: P03905 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial
      Reactions:
        Gene Name: SDHD
        Uniprot ID: O14521 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial
        Reactions:
        • NADH + H+ + acceptor = NAD+ + reduced acceptor [RN:R00281]
        Gene Name: NDUFS7
        Uniprot ID: O75251 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase
        Reactions:
        • xanthine + H2O + O2 = urate + H2O2 [RN:R02107]
        Gene Name: XDH
        Uniprot ID: P47989 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase
        Reactions:
        • NADPH + H+ + n oxidized hemoprotein = NADP+ + n reduced hemoprotein
        Gene Name: POR
        Uniprot ID: P16435 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
        Reactions:
        • (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol [RN:R01868]
        Gene Name: DHODH
        Uniprot ID: Q02127 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1
        Reactions:
        • N,N-dimethylaniline + NADPH + H+ + O2 = N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R03344]
        Gene Name: FMO1
        Uniprot ID: Q01740 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial
        Reactions:
        • NADH + H+ + acceptor = NAD+ + reduced acceptor [RN:R00281]
        Gene Name: NDUFV1
        Uniprot ID: P49821 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9
        Reactions:
        • --- []
        Gene Name: NDUFB9
        Uniprot ID: Q9Y6M9 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
        Reactions:
        • 5-methyltetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)+ = 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R01224 R07168]
        Gene Name: MTHFR
        Uniprot ID: P42898 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 6
        Reactions:
        • NADH + H+ + ubiquinone = NAD+ + ubiquinol [RN:R02163]
        Gene Name: MT-ND6
        Uniprot ID: P03923 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13
        Reactions:
        • --- []
        Gene Name: NDUFA13
        Uniprot ID: Q9P0J0 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial
        Reactions:
        • --- []
        Gene Name: NDUFS6
        Uniprot ID: O75380 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 3
        Reactions:
        • acyl-CoA + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + H2O2 [RN:R00388]
        Gene Name: ACOX3
        Uniprot ID: O15254 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial
        Reactions:
        • succinate + ubiquinone = fumarate + ubiquinol [RN:R02164]
        Gene Name: SDHB
        Uniprot ID: P21912 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 3
        Reactions:
        • a dinucleotide + H2O = 2 mononucleotides [RN:R00056]
        Gene Name: ENPP3
        Uniprot ID: O14638 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial
        Reactions:
        • 2 glutathione + NADP+ = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+ [RN:R00115]
        Gene Name: GSR
        Uniprot ID: P00390 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
        Reactions:
        • sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + a quinone = glycerone phosphate + a quinol [RN:R00849]
        Gene Name: GPD2
        Uniprot ID: P43304 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: Heme oxygenase 1
        Reactions:
        • heme + 3 AH2 + 3 O2 = biliverdin + Fe2+ + CO + 3 A + 3 H2O [RN:R00311]
        Gene Name: HMOX1
        Uniprot ID: P09601 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: Retinal dehydrogenase 1
        Reactions:
        • retinal + NAD+ + H2O = retinoate + NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R02123]
        Gene Name: ALDH1A1
        Uniprot ID: P00352 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: Choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
        Reactions:
        • choline + acceptor = betaine aldehyde + reduced acceptor [RN:R01025]
        Gene Name: CHDH
        Uniprot ID: Q8NE62 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
        Reactions:
        • glutaryl-CoA + acceptor = crotonoyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced acceptor [RN:R02488]
        Gene Name: GCDH
        Uniprot ID: Q92947 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: Dimethylglycine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
        Reactions:
        • N,N-dimethylglycine + acceptor + H2O = sarcosine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor [RN:R01565]
        Gene Name: DMGDH
        Uniprot ID: Q9UI17 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: NADPH:adrenodoxin oxidoreductase, mitochondrial
        Reactions:
        • 2 reduced ferredoxin + NADP+ + H+ = 2 oxidized ferredoxin + NADPH [RN:R01195]
        Gene Name: FDXR
        Uniprot ID: P22570 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: Retinal dehydrogenase 2
        Reactions:
        • retinal + NAD+ + H2O = retinoate + NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R02123]
        Gene Name: ALDH1A2
        Uniprot ID: O94788 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: D-amino-acid oxidase
        Reactions:
        • a D-amino acid + H2O + O2 = a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + H2O2 [RN:R01340]
        Gene Name: DAO
        Uniprot ID: P14920 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: Methionine synthase reductase
        Reactions:
        • 2 [methionine synthase]-methylcob(I)alamin + 2 S-adenosylhomocysteine + NADP+ = 2 [methionine synthase]-cob(II)alamin + NADPH + H+ + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine [RN:R05182]
        Gene Name: MTRR
        Uniprot ID: Q9UBK8 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: tRNA-dihydrouridine synthase 2-like
        Reactions:
          Gene Name: DUS2L
          Uniprot ID: Q9NX74 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [NADP+]
          Reactions:
          • 5,6-dihydrouracil + NADP+ = uracil + NADPH + H+ [RN:R00978]
          Gene Name: DPYD
          Uniprot ID: Q12882 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Sarcosine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
          Reactions:
          • sarcosine + acceptor + H2O = glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor [RN:R00611]
          Gene Name: SARDH
          Uniprot ID: Q9UL12 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Nitric oxide synthase, inducible
          Reactions:
          • L-arginine + n NADPH + n H+ + m O2 = citrulline + nitric oxide + n NADP+ [RN:R00557]
          Gene Name: NOS2
          Uniprot ID: P35228 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Nitric oxide synthase, brain
          Reactions:
          • L-arginine + n NADPH + n H+ + m O2 = citrulline + nitric oxide + n NADP+ [RN:R00557]
          Gene Name: NOS1
          Uniprot ID: P29475 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial
          Reactions:
          • L-arginine + n NADPH + n H+ + m O2 = citrulline + nitric oxide + n NADP+ [RN:R00557]
          Gene Name: NOS3
          Uniprot ID: P29474 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Protoporphyrinogen oxidase
          Reactions:
          • protoporphyrinogen IX + 3 O2 = protoporphyrin IX + 3 H2O2 [RN:R03222]
          Gene Name: PPOX
          Uniprot ID: P50336 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial
          Reactions:
            Gene Name: NDUFB11
            Uniprot ID: Q9NX14 Link_out
            Protein Sequence: FASTA
            Gene Sequence: FASTA
            Name: Alkyldihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase, peroxisomal
            Reactions:
            • 1-acyl-glycerone 3-phosphate + a long-chain alcohol = an alkyl-glycerone 3-phosphate + a long-chain acid anion [RN:R04311]
            Gene Name: AGPS
            Uniprot ID: O00116 Link_out
            Protein Sequence: FASTA
            Gene Sequence: FASTA
            Name: Short/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
            Reactions:
            • --- []
            Gene Name: ACADSB
            Uniprot ID: P45954 Link_out
            Protein Sequence: FASTA
            Gene Sequence: FASTA
            Name: NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1
            Reactions:
            • NAD(P)H + H+ + a quinone = NAD(P)+ + a hydroquinone [RN:R07358 R07359]
            Gene Name: NQO1
            Uniprot ID: P15559 Link_out
            Protein Sequence: FASTA
            Gene Sequence: FASTA
            Name: Cytochrome b-245 heavy chain
            Reactions:
              Gene Name: CYBB
              Uniprot ID: P04839 Link_out
              Protein Sequence: FASTA
              Gene Sequence: FASTA
              Name: Electron transfer flavoprotein subunit alpha, mitochondrial
              Reactions:
                Gene Name: ETFA
                Uniprot ID: P13804 Link_out
                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                Name: Putative dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 6
                Reactions:
                • N,N-dimethylaniline + NADPH + H+ + O2 = N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R03344]
                Gene Name: FMO6P
                Uniprot ID: O60774 Link_out
                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                Name: 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase
                Reactions:
                  Gene Name: DHCR24
                  Uniprot ID: Q15392 Link_out
                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                  Gene Sequence: FASTA
                  Name: Amyloid beta A4 protein
                  Reactions:
                    Gene Name: APP
                    Uniprot ID: P05067 Link_out
                    Protein Sequence: FASTA
                    Gene Sequence: FASTA
                    Name: Electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta
                    Reactions:
                      Gene Name: ETFB
                      Uniprot ID: P38117 Link_out
                      Protein Sequence: FASTA
                      Gene Sequence: FASTA
                      Name: Proline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
                      Reactions:
                      • L-proline + acceptor = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + reduced acceptor [RN:R01253]
                      Gene Name: PRODH
                      Uniprot ID: O43272 Link_out
                      Protein Sequence: FASTA
                      Gene Sequence: FASTA
                      Name: D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
                      Reactions:
                        Gene Name: D2HGDH
                        Uniprot ID: Q8N465 Link_out
                        Protein Sequence: FASTA
                        Gene Sequence: FASTA
                        Name: L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
                        Reactions:
                        • (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor = 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor [RN:R00298]
                        Gene Name: L2HGDH
                        Uniprot ID: Q9H9P8 Link_out
                        Protein Sequence: FASTA
                        Gene Sequence: FASTA
                        Name: Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase
                        Reactions:
                        • L-kynurenine + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R01960]
                        Gene Name: KMO
                        Uniprot ID: O15229 Link_out
                        Protein Sequence: FASTA
                        Gene Sequence: FASTA
                        Name: Spermine oxidase
                        Reactions:
                        • spermine + O2 + H2O = spermidine + 3-aminopropanal + H2O2 [RN:R09076]
                        Gene Name: SMOX
                        Uniprot ID: Q9NWM0 Link_out
                        Protein Sequence: FASTA
                        Gene Sequence: FASTA
                        Name: Apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial
                        Reactions:
                          Gene Name: AIFM1
                          Uniprot ID: O95831 Link_out
                          Protein Sequence: FASTA
                          Gene Sequence: FASTA
                          Name: Cryptochrome-1
                          Reactions:
                            Gene Name: CRY1
                            Uniprot ID: Q16526 Link_out
                            Protein Sequence: FASTA
                            Gene Sequence: FASTA
                            Name: Dual oxidase 2
                            Reactions:
                            • NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = NAD(P)+ + H2O2 [RN:R07171 R07172]
                            Gene Name: DUOX2
                            Uniprot ID: Q9NRD8 Link_out
                            Protein Sequence: FASTA
                            Gene Sequence: FASTA
                            Name: Probable D-lactate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
                            Reactions:
                            • (R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c = pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c [RN:R00197]
                            Gene Name: LDHD
                            Uniprot ID: Q86WU2 Link_out
                            Protein Sequence: FASTA
                            Gene Sequence: FASTA
                            Name: Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
                            Reactions:
                              Gene Name: ACAD8
                              Uniprot ID: Q9UKU7 Link_out
                              Protein Sequence: FASTA
                              Gene Sequence: FASTA
                              Name: Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family member 9, mitochondrial
                              Reactions:
                                Gene Name: ACAD9
                                Uniprot ID: Q9H845 Link_out
                                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                Name: Probable proline dehydrogenase 2
                                Reactions:
                                • L-proline + acceptor = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + reduced acceptor [RN:R01253]
                                Gene Name: PRODH2
                                Uniprot ID: Q9UF12 Link_out
                                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                Name: Dual oxidase 1
                                Reactions:
                                • NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = NAD(P)+ + H2O2 [RN:R07171 R07172]
                                Gene Name: DUOX1
                                Uniprot ID: Q9NRD9 Link_out
                                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                Name: Thioredoxin reductase 3
                                Reactions:
                                • thioredoxin + NADP+ = thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02016]
                                Gene Name: TXNRD3
                                Uniprot ID: Q86VQ6 Link_out
                                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                Name: NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 1
                                Reactions:
                                • NADH + 2 ferricytochrome b5 = NAD+ + H+ + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 [RN:R00100]
                                Gene Name: CYB5R1
                                Uniprot ID: Q9UHQ9 Link_out
                                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                Name: NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 2
                                Reactions:
                                • NADH + 2 ferricytochrome b5 = NAD+ + H+ + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 [RN:R00100]
                                Gene Name: CYB5R2
                                Uniprot ID: Q6BCY4 Link_out
                                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                Name: Cytochrome b5 reductase 4
                                Reactions:
                                • NADH + 2 ferricytochrome b5 = NAD+ + H+ + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 [RN:R00100]
                                Gene Name: CYB5R4
                                Uniprot ID: Q7L1T6 Link_out
                                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                Name: NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase-like
                                Reactions:
                                • NADH + 2 ferricytochrome b5 = NAD+ + H+ + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 [RN:R00100]
                                Gene Name: CYB5RL
                                Uniprot ID: Q6IPT4 Link_out
                                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                Name: Putative uncharacterized protein DKFZp686B0215
                                Reactions:
                                  Gene Name: DKFZp686B0215
                                  Uniprot ID: Q5HYI4 Link_out
                                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                  Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                  Name: FAD synthase
                                  Reactions:
                                  • ATP + FMN = diphosphate + FAD [RN:R00161]
                                  Gene Name: FLAD1
                                  Uniprot ID: Q8NFF5 Link_out
                                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                  Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                  Name: Ubiquinone biosynthesis monooxygenase COQ6
                                  Reactions:
                                    Gene Name: COQ6
                                    Uniprot ID: Q9Y2Z9 Link_out
                                    Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                    Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                    Name: NADPH oxidase 5
                                    Reactions:
                                      Gene Name: NOX5
                                      Uniprot ID: Q96PH1 Link_out
                                      Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                      Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                      Name: NADPH oxidase 3
                                      Reactions:
                                        Gene Name: NOX3
                                        Uniprot ID: Q9HBY0 Link_out
                                        Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                        Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                        Name: Metalloreductase STEAP3
                                        Reactions:
                                          Gene Name: STEAP3
                                          Uniprot ID: Q658P3 Link_out
                                          Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                          Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                          Name: Very long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
                                          Reactions:
                                            Gene Name: ACADVL
                                            Uniprot ID: P49748 Link_out
                                            Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                            Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                            Name: Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase-like protein
                                            Reactions:
                                              Gene Name: ACOXL
                                              Uniprot ID: Q9NUZ1 Link_out
                                              Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                              Name: Apoptosis-inducing factor 2
                                              Reactions:
                                                Gene Name: AIFM2
                                                Uniprot ID: Q9BRQ8 Link_out
                                                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                Name: Apoptosis-inducing factor 3
                                                Reactions:
                                                  Gene Name: AIFM3
                                                  Uniprot ID: Q96NN9 Link_out
                                                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                  Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                  Name: FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase ALR
                                                  Reactions:
                                                  • 4 R'C(R)SH + O2 = 2 R'C(R)S-S(R)CR' + 2 H2O [RN:R00057]
                                                  Gene Name: GFER
                                                  Uniprot ID: P55789 Link_out
                                                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                  Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                  Name: Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1B
                                                  Reactions:
                                                    Gene Name: KDM1B
                                                    Uniprot ID: Q8NB78 Link_out
                                                    Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                    Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                    Name: Cryptochrome-2
                                                    Reactions:
                                                      Gene Name: CRY2
                                                      Uniprot ID: Q49AN0 Link_out
                                                      Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                      Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                      Name: tRNA-dihydrouridine synthase 1-like
                                                      Reactions:
                                                        Gene Name: DUS1L
                                                        Uniprot ID: Q6P1R4 Link_out
                                                        Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                        Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                        Name: tRNA-dihydrouridine synthase 3-like
                                                        Reactions:
                                                          Gene Name: DUS3L
                                                          Uniprot ID: Q96G46 Link_out
                                                          Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                          Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                          Name: tRNA-dihydrouridine synthase 4-like
                                                          Reactions:
                                                            Gene Name: DUS4L
                                                            Uniprot ID: O95620 Link_out
                                                            Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                            Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                            Name: ERO1-like protein alpha
                                                            Reactions:
                                                              Gene Name: ERO1L
                                                              Uniprot ID: Q96HE7 Link_out
                                                              Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                              Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                              Name: ERO1-like protein beta
                                                              Reactions:
                                                                Gene Name: ERO1LB
                                                                Uniprot ID: Q86YB8 Link_out
                                                                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                Name: FAD-dependent oxidoreductase domain-containing protein 1
                                                                Reactions:
                                                                  Gene Name: FOXRED1
                                                                  Uniprot ID: Q96CU9 Link_out
                                                                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                  Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                  Name: FAD-dependent oxidoreductase domain-containing protein 2
                                                                  Reactions:
                                                                    Gene Name: FOXRED2
                                                                    Uniprot ID: Q8IWF2 Link_out
                                                                    Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                    Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                    Name: Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A
                                                                    Reactions:
                                                                      Gene Name: KDM1A
                                                                      Uniprot ID: O60341 Link_out
                                                                      Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                      Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                      Name: NEDD9-interacting protein with calponin homology and LIM domains
                                                                      Reactions:
                                                                        Gene Name: MICAL1
                                                                        Uniprot ID: Q8TDZ2 Link_out
                                                                        Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                        Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                        Name: Protein MICAL-2
                                                                        Reactions:
                                                                          Gene Name: MICAL2
                                                                          Uniprot ID: O94851 Link_out
                                                                          Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                          Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                          Name: Protein MICAL-3
                                                                          Reactions:
                                                                            Gene Name: MICAL3
                                                                            Uniprot ID: Q7RTP6 Link_out
                                                                            Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                            Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                            Name: Protein MTO1 homolog, mitochondrial
                                                                            Reactions:
                                                                              Gene Name: MTO1
                                                                              Uniprot ID: Q9Y2Z2 Link_out
                                                                              Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                              Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                              Name: NADPH-dependent diflavin oxidoreductase 1
                                                                              Reactions:
                                                                                Gene Name: NDOR1
                                                                                Uniprot ID: Q9UHB4 Link_out
                                                                                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                Name: NADPH oxidase 1
                                                                                Reactions:
                                                                                  Gene Name: NOX1
                                                                                  Uniprot ID: Q9Y5S8 Link_out
                                                                                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                  Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                  Name: NADPH oxidase 4
                                                                                  Reactions:
                                                                                    Gene Name: NOX4
                                                                                    Uniprot ID: Q9NPH5 Link_out
                                                                                    Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                    Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                    Name: L-amino-acid oxidase
                                                                                    Reactions:
                                                                                    • an L-amino acid + H2O + O2 = a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + H2O2 [RN:R01259]
                                                                                    Gene Name: IL4I1
                                                                                    Uniprot ID: Q96RQ9 Link_out
                                                                                    Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                    Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                    Name: Oxidoreductase NAD-binding domain-containing protein 1
                                                                                    Reactions:
                                                                                      Gene Name: OXNAD1
                                                                                      Uniprot ID: Q96HP4 Link_out
                                                                                      Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                      Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                      Name: Prenylcysteine oxidase 1
                                                                                      Reactions:
                                                                                      • an S-prenyl-L-cysteine + O2 + H2O = a prenal + L-cysteine + H2O2 [RN:R07360]
                                                                                      Gene Name: PCYOX1
                                                                                      Uniprot ID: Q9UHG3 Link_out
                                                                                      Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                      Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                      Name: Prenylcysteine oxidase-like
                                                                                      Reactions:
                                                                                        Gene Name: PCYOX1L
                                                                                        Uniprot ID: Q8NBM8 Link_out
                                                                                        Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                        Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                        Name: [Pyruvate dehydrogenase [acetyl-transferring]]-phosphatase 2, mitochondrial
                                                                                        Reactions:
                                                                                        • [pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] phosphate + H2O = [pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] + phosphate [RN:R03450]
                                                                                        Gene Name: PDP2
                                                                                        Uniprot ID: Q9P2J9 Link_out
                                                                                        Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                        Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                        Name: Pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase domain-containing protein 1
                                                                                        Reactions:
                                                                                          Gene Name: PYROXD1
                                                                                          Uniprot ID: Q8WU10 Link_out
                                                                                          Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                          Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                          Name: Sulfhydryl oxidase 1
                                                                                          Reactions:
                                                                                          • 4 R'C(R)SH + O2 = 2 R'C(R)S-S(R)CR' + 2 H2O [RN:R00057]
                                                                                          Gene Name: QSOX1
                                                                                          Uniprot ID: O00391 Link_out
                                                                                          Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                          Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                          Name: Sulfhydryl oxidase 2
                                                                                          Reactions:
                                                                                          • 4 R'C(R)SH + O2 = 2 R'C(R)S-S(R)CR' + 2 H2O [RN:R00057]
                                                                                          Gene Name: QSOX2
                                                                                          Uniprot ID: Q6ZRP7 Link_out
                                                                                          Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                          Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                          Name: Renalase
                                                                                          Reactions:
                                                                                            Gene Name: RNLS
                                                                                            Uniprot ID: Q5VYX0 Link_out
                                                                                            Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                            Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                            Name: All-trans-retinol 13,14-reductase
                                                                                            Reactions:
                                                                                            • all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + acceptor = all-trans-retinol + reduced acceptor [RN:R07163]
                                                                                            Gene Name: RETSAT
                                                                                            Uniprot ID: Q6NUM9 Link_out
                                                                                            Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                            Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                            Name: Sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase, mitochondrial
                                                                                            Reactions:
                                                                                              Gene Name: SQRDL
                                                                                              Uniprot ID: Q9Y6N5 Link_out
                                                                                              Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                              Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                              Name: Metalloreductase STEAP1
                                                                                              Reactions:
                                                                                                Gene Name: STEAP1
                                                                                                Uniprot ID: Q9UHE8 Link_out
                                                                                                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                Name: Metalloreductase STEAP2
                                                                                                Reactions:
                                                                                                  Gene Name: STEAP2
                                                                                                  Uniprot ID: Q8NFT2 Link_out
                                                                                                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                  Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                  Name: Metalloreductase STEAP4
                                                                                                  Reactions:
                                                                                                    Gene Name: STEAP4
                                                                                                    Uniprot ID: Q687X5 Link_out
                                                                                                    Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                    Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                    Name: NADH dehydrogenase (Ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 2, 8kDa
                                                                                                    Reactions:
                                                                                                      Gene Name: NDUFB2
                                                                                                      Uniprot ID: A4D1T5 Link_out
                                                                                                      Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                      Gene Sequence: FASTA