HMDBP00824 | Glutathione S-transferase A2 | P09210 | GSTA2 | 6p12.1 | Enzyme | - Guruvayoorappan C, Afira AH, Kuttan G: Antioxidant potential of Biophytum sensitivum extract in vitro and in vivo. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2006;17(4):255-67. [PubMed:17338281 ]
- Hayes JD, Flanagan JU, Jowsey IR: Glutathione transferases. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2005;45:51-88. [PubMed:15822171 ]
- Armstrong RN: Glutathione S-transferases: reaction mechanism, structure, and function. Chem Res Toxicol. 1991 Mar-Apr;4(2):131-40. [PubMed:1782341 ]
- Sharma P, Ahmad Shah Z, Kumar A, Islam F, Mishra KP: Role of combined administration of Tiron and glutathione against aluminum-induced oxidative stress in rat brain. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2007;21(1):63-70. Epub 2007 Feb 6. [PubMed:17317527 ]
- Skamarauskas J, Carter W, Fowler M, Madjd A, Lister T, Mavroudis G, Ray DE: The selective neurotoxicity produced by 3-chloropropanediol in the rat is not a result of energy deprivation. Toxicology. 2007 Apr 11;232(3):268-76. Epub 2007 Jan 21. [PubMed:17321661 ]
- Ozkilic AC, Cengiz M, Ozaydin A, Cobanoglu A, Kanigur G: The role of N-acetylcysteine treatment on anti-oxidative status in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2006;17(4):245-54. [PubMed:17338280 ]
- Gupta S, Sarotra P, Aggarwal R, Dutta N, Agnihotri N: Role of oxidative stress in celecoxib-induced renal damage in wistar rats. Dig Dis Sci. 2007 Nov;52(11):3092-8. Epub 2007 Mar 31. [PubMed:17401685 ]
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HMDBP00825 | Glutathione peroxidase 6 | P59796 | GPX6 | 6p22.1 | Enzyme | - Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
- Brigelius-Flohe R: Glutathione peroxidases and redox-regulated transcription factors. Biol Chem. 2006 Oct-Nov;387(10-11):1329-35. [PubMed:17081103 ]
- Myllyla V, Kihlstrom M, Takala TE, Tolonen U, Salminen A, Vihko V: Activities of some antioxidative and hexose monophosphate shunt enzymes of skeletal muscle in neuromuscular diseases. Acta Neurol Scand. 1986 Jul;74(1):17-24. [PubMed:3532684 ]
- Giovannini C, Scazzocchio B, Matarrese P, Vari R, D'Archivio M, Di Benedetto R, Casciani S, Dessi MR, Straface E, Malorni W, Masella R: Apoptosis induced by oxidized lipids is associated with up-regulation of p66Shc in intestinal Caco-2 cells: protective effects of phenolic compounds. J Nutr Biochem. 2008 Feb;19(2):118-28. Epub 2007 Jun 27. [PubMed:17588737 ]
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HMDBP00826 | Glutathione S-transferase A3 | Q16772 | GSTA3 | 6p12.1 | Enzyme | - Board PG: Identification of cDNAs encoding two human alpha class glutathione transferases (GSTA3 and GSTA4) and the heterologous expression of GSTA4-4. Biochem J. 1998 Mar 1;330 ( Pt 2):827-31. [PubMed:9480897 ]
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [PubMed:10592235 ]
- McHugh TE, Atkins WM, Racha JK, Kunze KL, Eaton DL: Binding of the aflatoxin-glutathione conjugate to mouse glutathione S-transferase A3-3 is saturated at only one ligand per dimer. J Biol Chem. 1996 Nov 1;271(44):27470-4. [PubMed:8910329 ]
- McDonagh PD, Judah DJ, Hayes JD, Lian LY, Neal GE, Wolf CR, Roberts GC: Determinants of specificity for aflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide in alpha-class glutathione S-transferases. Biochem J. 1999 Apr 1;339 ( Pt 1):95-101. [PubMed:10085232 ]
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HMDBP00827 | Glutathione S-transferase A4 | O15217 | GSTA4 | 6p12.1 | Enzyme | - Gallagher EP, Huisden CM, Gardner JL: Transfection of HepG2 cells with hGSTA4 provides protection against 4-hydroxynonenal-mediated oxidative injury. Toxicol In Vitro. 2007 Dec;21(8):1365-72. Epub 2007 Apr 27. [PubMed:17553661 ]
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HMDBP00828 | Glutathione peroxidase 1 | P07203 | GPX1 | 3p21.3 | Enzyme | - Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
- Destro-Bisol G, Spedini G: Anthropological survey on red cell glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) polymorphism in central western Africa: a tentative hypothesis on the interaction between GPX1*2 and Hb beta *S allelic products. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1989 Jun;79(2):217-24. [PubMed:2742004 ]
- Liddell JR, Hoepken HH, Crack PJ, Robinson SR, Dringen R: Glutathione peroxidase 1 and glutathione are required to protect mouse astrocytes from iron-mediated hydrogen peroxide toxicity. J Neurosci Res. 2006 Aug 15;84(3):578-86. [PubMed:16721761 ]
- Ursini F, Maiorino M: Native specific activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx-1), phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) does not differ between normo- and hypomotile human sperm samples. Int J Androl. 2005 Feb;28(1):61-2; author reply 63-4. [PubMed:15679624 ]
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HMDBP00829 | Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase, mitochondrial | P36969 | GPX4 | 19p13.3 | Enzyme | - Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
- Moreno SG, Laux G, Brielmeier M, Bornkamm GW, Conrad M: Testis-specific expression of the nuclear form of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx). Biol Chem. 2003 Apr;384(4):635-43. [PubMed:12751792 ]
- Baek IJ, Seo DS, Yon JM, Lee SR, Jin Y, Nahm SS, Jeong JH, Choo YK, Kang JK, Lee BJ, Yun YW, Nam SY: Tissue expression and cellular localization of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) mRNA in male mice. J Mol Histol. 2007 Jun;38(3):237-44. Epub 2007 May 15. [PubMed:17503194 ]
- Nam SY, Baek IJ, Lee BJ, In CH, Jung EY, Yon JM, Ahn B, Kang JK, Yu WJ, Yun YW: Effects of 17beta-estradiol and tamoxifen on the selenoprotein phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) mRNA expression in male reproductive organs of rats. J Reprod Dev. 2003 Oct;49(5):389-96. [PubMed:14967915 ]
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HMDBP00830 | Glutathione peroxidase 3 | P22352 | GPX3 | 5q23 | Enzyme | - Jacobson GA, Yee KC, Ng CH: Elevated plasma glutathione peroxidase concentration in acute severe asthma: comparison with plasma glutathione peroxidase activity, selenium and malondialdehyde. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2007;67(4):423-30. [PubMed:17558897 ]
- Carmeli E, Bachar A, Barchad S: Biochemical assessments of total antioxidant status in active and nonactive female adults with intellectual disability. Res Sports Med. 2007 Apr-Jun;15(2):93-101. [PubMed:17578749 ]
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HMDBP00831 | Glutathione S-transferase omega-2 | Q9H4Y5 | GSTO2 | 10q25.1 | Enzyme | - Whitbread AK, Tetlow N, Eyre HJ, Sutherland GR, Board PG: Characterization of the human Omega class glutathione transferase genes and associated polymorphisms. Pharmacogenetics. 2003 Mar;13(3):131-44. [PubMed:12618591 ]
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
- Whitbread AK, Masoumi A, Tetlow N, Schmuck E, Coggan M, Board PG: Characterization of the omega class of glutathione transferases. Methods Enzymol. 2005;401:78-99. [PubMed:16399380 ]
- Board PG, Anders MW: Glutathione transferase omega 1 catalyzes the reduction of S-(phenacyl)glutathiones to acetophenones. Chem Res Toxicol. 2007 Jan;20(1):149-54. [PubMed:17226937 ]
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HMDBP00832 | Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 | P30711 | GSTT1 | 22q11.23 | Unknown | - Jonsson LS, Broberg K, Bergendorf U, Axmon A, Littorin M, Jonsson BA: Levels of 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) and effect modification of polymorphisms of glutathione-related genes in vulcanization workers in the southern Sweden rubber industries. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2007 Jul;80(7):589-98. Epub 2007 Feb 28. [PubMed:17333241 ]
- Ouerhani S, Tebourski F, Slama MR, Marrakchi R, Rabeh M, Hassine LB, Ayed M, Elgaaied AB: The role of glutathione transferases M1 and T1 in individual susceptibility to bladder cancer in a Tunisian population. Ann Hum Biol. 2006 Sep-Dec;33(5-6):529-35. [PubMed:17381051 ]
- Schwartzbaum JA, Ahlbom A, Lonn S, Warholm M, Rannug A, Auvinen A, Christensen HC, Henriksson R, Johansen C, Lindholm C, Malmer B, Salminen T, Schoemaker MJ, Swerdlow AJ, Feychting M: An international case-control study of glutathione transferase and functionally related polymorphisms and risk of primary adult brain tumors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007 Mar;16(3):559-65. [PubMed:17372252 ]
- Moore LE, Brennan P, Karami S, Hung RJ, Hsu C, Boffetta P, Toro J, Zaridze D, Janout V, Bencko V, Navratilova M, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Mates D, Mukeria A, Holcatova I, Welch R, Chanock S, Rothman N, Chow WH: Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms, cruciferous vegetable intake and cancer risk in the Central and Eastern European Kidney Cancer Study. Carcinogenesis. 2007 Sep;28(9):1960-4. Epub 2007 Jul 7. [PubMed:17617661 ]
- Gawecki W, Kostrzewska-Poczekaj M, Gajecka M, Milecki P, Szyfter K, Szyfter W: The role of genetic factor in etiopathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in young adults. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2007 Dec;264(12):1459-65. Epub 2007 Jul 26. [PubMed:17653748 ]
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HMDBP00833 | Glutathione peroxidase 2 | P18283 | GPX2 | 14q24.1 | Enzyme | - Walshe J, Serewko-Auret MM, Teakle N, Cameron S, Minto K, Smith L, Burcham PC, Russell T, Strutton G, Griffin A, Chu FF, Esworthy S, Reeve V, Saunders NA: Inactivation of glutathione peroxidase activity contributes to UV-induced squamous cell carcinoma formation. Cancer Res. 2007 May 15;67(10):4751-8. [PubMed:17510403 ]
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HMDBP00834 | Glutathione S-transferase P | P09211 | GSTP1 | 11q13 | Enzyme | - Ramachandran K, Navarro L, Gordian E, Das PM, Singal R: Methylation-mediated silencing of genes is not altered by selenium treatment of prostate cancer cells. Anticancer Res. 2007 Mar-Apr;27(2):921-5. [PubMed:17465221 ]
- Kadokawa Y, Ohba K, Omagari K, Akazawa S, Hayashida K, Ohnita K, Takeshima F, Mizuta Y, Kohno S: Intracellular balance of oxidative stress and cytoprotective molecules in damaged interlobular bile ducts in autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis: In situ detection of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and glutathione-S-transferase-pi. Hepatol Res. 2007 Aug;37(8):620-7. Epub 2007 May 22. [PubMed:17517071 ]
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HMDBP01575 | Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase | O60760 | HPGDS | 4q22.3 | Enzyme | - Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [PubMed:10592235 ]
- Aritake K, Kado Y, Inoue T, Miyano M, Urade Y: Structural and functional characterization of HQL-79, an orally selective inhibitor of human hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase. J Biol Chem. 2006 Jun 2;281(22):15277-86. Epub 2006 Mar 17. [PubMed:16547010 ]
- Inoue T, Okano Y, Kado Y, Aritake K, Irikura D, Uodome N, Okazaki N, Kinugasa S, Shishitani H, Matsumura H, Kai Y, Urade Y: First determination of the inhibitor complex structure of human hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase. J Biochem. 2004 Mar;135(3):279-83. [PubMed:15113825 ]
- Urade Y, Kitahama K, Ohishi H, Kaneko T, Mizuno N, Hayaishi O: Dominant expression of mRNA for prostaglandin D synthase in leptomeninges, choroid plexus, and oligodendrocytes of the adult rat brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Oct 1;90(19):9070-4. [PubMed:8415655 ]
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HMDBP01658 | Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 | Q92887 | ABCC2 | 10q24 | Transporter | - Paulusma CC, van Geer MA, Evers R, Heijn M, Ottenhoff R, Borst P, Oude Elferink RP: Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter/multidrug resistance protein 2 mediates low-affinity transport of reduced glutathione. Biochem J. 1999 Mar 1;338 ( Pt 2):393-401. [PubMed:10024515 ]
- Hagmann W, Nies AT, Konig J, Frey M, Zentgraf H, Keppler D: Purification of the human apical conjugate export pump MRP2 reconstitution and functional characterization as substrate-stimulated ATPase. Eur J Biochem. 1999 Oct 1;265(1):281-9. [PubMed:10491184 ]
- Nishida T, Gatmaitan Z, Roy-Chowdhry J, Arias IM: Two distinct mechanisms for bilirubin glucuronide transport by rat bile canalicular membrane vesicles. Demonstration of defective ATP-dependent transport in rats (TR-) with inherited conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. J Clin Invest. 1992 Nov;90(5):2130-5. [PubMed:1430236 ]
- Stieger B, Fattinger K, Madon J, Kullak-Ublick GA, Meier PJ: Drug- and estrogen-induced cholestasis through inhibition of the hepatocellular bile salt export pump (Bsep) of rat liver. Gastroenterology. 2000 Feb;118(2):422-30. [PubMed:10648470 ]
- Madon J, Hagenbuch B, Landmann L, Meier PJ, Stieger B: Transport function and hepatocellular localization of mrp6 in rat liver. Mol Pharmacol. 2000 Mar;57(3):634-41. [PubMed:10692506 ]
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HMDBP01692 | Glutaredoxin-1 | P35754 | GLRX | 5q14 | Enzyme | - Diwakar L, Kenchappa RS, Annepu J, Ravindranath V: Downregulation of glutaredoxin but not glutathione loss leads to mitochondrial dysfunction in female mice CNS: implications in excitotoxicity. Neurochem Int. 2007 Jul;51(1):37-46. Epub 2007 Apr 5. [PubMed:17512091 ]
- Rouhier N, Unno H, Bandyopadhyay S, Masip L, Kim SK, Hirasawa M, Gualberto JM, Lattard V, Kusunoki M, Knaff DB, Georgiou G, Hase T, Johnson MK, Jacquot JP: Functional, structural, and spectroscopic characterization of a glutathione-ligated [2Fe-2S] cluster in poplar glutaredoxin C1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 May 1;104(18):7379-84. Epub 2007 Apr 25. [PubMed:17460036 ]
- Hakansson KO, Winther JR: Structure of glutaredoxin Grx1p C30S mutant from yeast. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2007 Mar;63(Pt 3):288-94. Epub 2007 Feb 21. [PubMed:17327665 ]
- Lu J, Chew EH, Holmgren A: Targeting thioredoxin reductase is a basis for cancer therapy by arsenic trioxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jul 24;104(30):12288-93. Epub 2007 Jul 18. [PubMed:17640917 ]
- Wang J, Pan S, Berk BC: Glutaredoxin mediates Akt and eNOS activation by flow in a glutathione reductase-dependent manner. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007 Jun;27(6):1283-8. Epub 2007 Apr 12. [PubMed:17431186 ]
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HMDBP01858 | Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 | P33527 | ABCC1 | 16p13.1 | Transporter | - Minich T, Riemer J, Schulz JB, Wielinga P, Wijnholds J, Dringen R: The multidrug resistance protein 1 (Mrp1), but not Mrp5, mediates export of glutathione and glutathione disulfide from brain astrocytes. J Neurochem. 2006 Apr;97(2):373-84. Epub 2006 Mar 15. [PubMed:16539673 ]
- Heijn M, Hooijberg JH, Scheffer GL, Szabo G, Westerhoff HV, Lankelma J: Anthracyclines modulate multidrug resistance protein (MRP) mediated organic anion transport. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1997 May 22;1326(1):12-22. [PubMed:9188796 ]
- Evers R, de Haas M, Sparidans R, Beijnen J, Wielinga PR, Lankelma J, Borst P: Vinblastine and sulfinpyrazone export by the multidrug resistance protein MRP2 is associated with glutathione export. Br J Cancer. 2000 Aug;83(3):375-83. [PubMed:10917554 ]
- Jedlitschky G, Leier I, Buchholz U, Barnouin K, Kurz G, Keppler D: Transport of glutathione, glucuronate, and sulfate conjugates by the MRP gene-encoded conjugate export pump. Cancer Res. 1996 Mar 1;56(5):988-94. [PubMed:8640791 ]
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HMDBP02040 | Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2 | O15438 | ABCC3 | 17q22 | Transporter | - Zelcer N, Saeki T, Reid G, Beijnen JH, Borst P: Characterization of drug transport by the human multidrug resistance protein 3 (ABCC3). J Biol Chem. 2001 Dec 7;276(49):46400-7. [PubMed:11581266 ]
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HMDBP02344 | RalA-binding protein 1 | Q15311 | RALBP1 | 18p11.3 | Unknown | Not Available |
HMDBP03952 | Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 | O15439 | ABCC4 | 13q32 | Transporter | - Lai L, Tan TM: Role of glutathione in the multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4)-mediated efflux of cAMP and resistance to purine analogues. Biochem J. 2002 Feb 1;361(Pt 3):497-503. [PubMed:11802779 ]
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HMDBP03958 | Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5 | O15440 | ABCC5 | 3q27 | Transporter | - Minich T, Riemer J, Schulz JB, Wielinga P, Wijnholds J, Dringen R: The multidrug resistance protein 1 (Mrp1), but not Mrp5, mediates export of glutathione and glutathione disulfide from brain astrocytes. J Neurochem. 2006 Apr;97(2):373-84. Epub 2006 Mar 15. [PubMed:16539673 ]
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HMDBP05698 | Glutaredoxin-2, mitochondrial | Q9NS18 | GLRX2 | 1q31.2-q31.3 | Enzyme | - Hashemy SI, Johansson C, Berndt C, Lillig CH, Holmgren A: Oxidation and S-nitrosylation of cysteines in human cytosolic and mitochondrial glutaredoxins: effects on structure and activity. J Biol Chem. 2007 May 11;282(19):14428-36. Epub 2007 Mar 13. [PubMed:17355958 ]
- Sagemark J, Elgan TH, Burglin TR, Johansson C, Holmgren A, Berndt KD: Redox properties and evolution of human glutaredoxins. Proteins. 2007 Sep 1;68(4):879-92. [PubMed:17546662 ]
- Sheng J, Ye J, Rosen BP: Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of Escherichia coliglutaredoxin 2 in complex with glutathione and of a cysteine-less variant without glutathione. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2007 Apr 1;63(Pt 4):280-2. Epub 2007 Mar 12. [PubMed:17401194 ]
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HMDBP05976 | Hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase-like protein | Q6PII5 | HAGHL | | Unknown | Not Available |
HMDBP07358 | Gamma-glutamyltransferase 6 | Q6P531 | GGT6 | 17p13.2 | Enzyme | Not Available |
HMDBP07383 | Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 12 | O95881 | TXNDC12 | 1p32.3 | Enzyme | - Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
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HMDBP09342 | GGT7 protein | A0PJJ9 | GGT7 | 20q11.22 | Enzyme | Not Available |
HMDBP09343 | Gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 | P36269 | GGT5 | 22q11.23 | Enzyme | Not Available |