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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2023-07-07 20:53:57 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000177
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB0003412
  • HMDB00177
  • HMDB03412
Metabolite Identification
Common NameHistidine
DescriptionHistidine (His), also known as L-histidine, is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. Histidine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Histidine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as an aliphatic, positively charged or basic amino acid. Histidine is a unique amino acid with an imidazole functional group. The acid-base properties of the imidazole side chain are relevant to the catalytic mechanism of many enzymes such as proteases. In catalytic triads, the basic nitrogen of histidine abstracts a proton from serine, threonine, or cysteine to activate it as a nucleophile. In a histidine proton shuttle, histidine is used to quickly shuttle protons. It can do this by abstracting a proton with its basic nitrogen to make a positively charged intermediate and then use another molecule to extract the proton from its acidic nitrogen. Histidine forms complexes with many metal ions. The imidazole sidechain of the histidine residue commonly serves as a ligand in metalloproteins. Histidine was first isolated by German physician Albrecht Kossel in 1896. Histidine is an essential amino acid in humans and other mammals. It was initially thought that it was only essential for infants, but longer-term studies established that it is also essential for adults. Infants four to six months old require 33 mg/kg of histidine. It is not clear how adults make small amounts of histidine, and dietary sources probably account for most of the histidine in the body. Histidine is a precursor for histamine and carnosine biosynthesis. Inborn errors of histidine metabolism, including histidinemia, maple syrup urine disease, propionic acidemia, and tyrosinemia I, exist and are marked by increased histidine levels in the blood. Elevated blood histidine is accompanied by a wide range of symptoms, from mental and physical retardation to poor intellectual functioning, emotional instability, tremor, ataxia and psychosis. Histidine and other imidazole compounds have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-secretory properties (PMID: 9605177 ). The efficacy of L-histidine in protecting inflamed tissue is attributed to the capacity of the imidazole ring to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by cells during acute inflammatory response (PMID: 9605177 ). Histidine, when administered in therapeutic quantities is able to inhibit cytokines and growth factors involved in cell and tissue damage (US patent 6150392). Histidine in medical therapies has its most promising trials in rheumatoid arthritis where up to 4.5 g daily have been used effectively in severely affected patients. Arthritis patients have been found to have low serum histidine levels, apparently because of very rapid removal of histidine from their blood (PMID: 1079527 ). Other patients besides arthritis patients that have been found to be low in serum histidine are those with chronic renal failure. Urinary levels of histidine are reduced in pediatric patients with pneumonia (PMID: 2084459 ). Asthma patients exhibit increased serum levels of histidine over normal controls (PMID: 23517038 ). Serum histidine levels are lower and are negatively associated with inflammation and oxidative stress in obese women (PMID: 23361591 ). Histidine supplementation has been shown to reduce insulin resistance, reduce BMI and fat mass and suppress inflammation and oxidative stress in obese women with metabolic syndrome. Histidine appears to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, possibly via the NF-κB pathway, in adipocytes (PMID: 23361591 ). Low plasma concentrations of histidine are associated with protein-energy wasting, inflammation, oxidative stress, and greater mortality in chronic kidney disease patients (PMID: 18541578 ). Histidine may have many other possible functions because it is the precursor of the ubiquitous neurohormone-neurotransmitter histamine. Histidine increases histamine in the blood and probably in the brain. Low blood histamine with low serum histidine occurs in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Low blood histamine also occurs in some manic, schizophrenic, high copper and hyperactive groups of psychiatric patients. Histidine is a useful therapy in all patients with low histamine levels (http://www.dcnutrition.com).
Structure
Data?1676999675
Synonyms
ValueSource
(S)-4-(2-Amino-2-carboxyethyl)imidazoleChEBI
(S)-alpha-Amino-1H-imidazole-4-propanoic acidChEBI
(S)-alpha-Amino-1H-imidazole-4-propionic acidChEBI
HChEBI
HisChEBI
HISTIDINEChEBI
L-(-)-HistidineChEBI
L-HistidinChEBI
(S)-a-Amino-1H-imidazole-4-propanoateGenerator
(S)-a-Amino-1H-imidazole-4-propanoic acidGenerator
(S)-alpha-Amino-1H-imidazole-4-propanoateGenerator
(S)-Α-amino-1H-imidazole-4-propanoateGenerator
(S)-Α-amino-1H-imidazole-4-propanoic acidGenerator
(S)-a-Amino-1H-imidazole-4-propionateGenerator
(S)-a-Amino-1H-imidazole-4-propionic acidGenerator
(S)-alpha-Amino-1H-imidazole-4-propionateGenerator
(S)-Α-amino-1H-imidazole-4-propionateGenerator
(S)-Α-amino-1H-imidazole-4-propionic acidGenerator
(S)-1H-Imidazole-4-alanineHMDB
(S)-2-Amino-3-(4-imidazolyl)propionsaeureHMDB
(S)-HistidineHMDB
(S)1H-Imidazole-4-alanineHMDB
3-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)-L-alanineHMDB
Amino-1H-imidazole-4-propanoateHMDB
Amino-1H-imidazole-4-propanoic acidHMDB
Amino-4-imidazoleproprionateHMDB
Amino-4-imidazoleproprionic acidHMDB
Glyoxaline-5-alanineHMDB
Histidine, L isomerHMDB
Histidine, L-isomerHMDB
L-Isomer histidineHMDB
L-HistidineKEGG
Chemical FormulaC6H9N3O2
Average Molecular Weight155.1546
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight155.069476547
IUPAC Name(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoic acid
Traditional NameL-histidine
CAS Registry Number71-00-1
SMILES
N[C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)C(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C6H9N3O2/c7-5(6(10)11)1-4-2-8-3-9-4/h2-3,5H,1,7H2,(H,8,9)(H,10,11)/t5-/m0/s1
InChI KeyHNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as histidine and derivatives. Histidine and derivatives are compounds containing cysteine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of cysteine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentHistidine and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Histidine or derivatives
  • Alpha-amino acid
  • L-alpha-amino acid
  • Imidazolyl carboxylic acid derivative
  • Aralkylamine
  • Azole
  • Imidazole
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Amino acid
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Azacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Primary amine
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Amine
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Disposition
Biological locationSource
Process
Naturally occurring process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point287 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility45.6 mg/mLNot Available
LogP-3.32CHMELIK,J ET AL. (1991)
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-Astarita_neg127.030932474
[M-H]-Baker130.1330932474
[M-H]-McLean130.31930932474
[M-H]-MetCCS_test_neg126.130932474
[M+H]+Astarita_pos126.730932474
[M+H]+Baker132.4130932474
[M+H]+McLean132.47530932474
[M+H]+MetCCS_test_pos131.88630932474
[M-H]-Not Available128.5http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000079
[M+H]+Not Available132.2http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000079
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility71.3 g/LALOGPS
logP-2.7ALOGPS
logP-3.6ChemAxon
logS-0.34ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)1.85ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.44ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area92 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count3ChemAxon
Refractivity38.06 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability14.67 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+133.84631661259
DarkChem[M-H]-131.45731661259
AllCCS[M+H]+134.44432859911
AllCCS[M-H]-129.32832859911
DeepCCS[M+H]+129.07130932474
DeepCCS[M+H]+125.24230932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-125.24330932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-121.58230932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-162.77430932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+138.31230932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-158.92130932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+134.0630932474
AllCCS[M+H]+134.432859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+130.132859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+138.532859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+139.632859911
AllCCS[M-H]-129.332859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-130.732859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-132.232859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
L-HistidineN[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1)C(O)=O2750.7Standard polar33892256
L-HistidineN[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1)C(O)=O1650.4Standard non polar33892256
L-HistidineN[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1)C(O)=O2131.6Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
L-Histidine,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CN=C[NH]11694.1Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=C[NH]1)C(=O)O1804.7Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,1TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)N1C=NC=C1C[C@H](N)C(=O)O1859.3Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=C[NH]1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1778.3Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=C[NH]1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1836.6Standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=C[NH]1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C2385.1Standard polar33892256
L-Histidine,2TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C1856.5Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,2TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C1801.7Standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,2TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C2504.8Standard polar33892256
L-Histidine,2TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)N([C@@H](CC1=CN=C[NH]1)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C1911.9Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,2TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)N([C@@H](CC1=CN=C[NH]1)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C1927.2Standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,2TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)N([C@@H](CC1=CN=C[NH]1)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C2536.1Standard polar33892256
L-Histidine,2TMS,isomer #4C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O1918.3Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,2TMS,isomer #4C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O1827.6Standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,2TMS,isomer #4C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O2501.0Standard polar33892256
L-Histidine,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CN=C[NH]1)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C1938.6Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CN=C[NH]1)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C1959.4Standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CN=C[NH]1)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2231.5Standard polar33892256
L-Histidine,3TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1941.1Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,3TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1856.2Standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,3TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C2187.4Standard polar33892256
L-Histidine,3TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)N([C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C2065.9Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,3TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)N([C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C1975.4Standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,3TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)N([C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C2310.6Standard polar33892256
L-Histidine,4TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2129.7Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,4TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2011.6Standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,4TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2116.0Standard polar33892256
L-Histidine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CN=C[NH]11926.3Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=C[NH]1)C(=O)O2025.1Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,1TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C=NC=C1C[C@H](N)C(=O)O2140.1Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=C[NH]1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2219.9Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=C[NH]1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2293.0Standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=C[NH]1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2523.7Standard polar33892256
L-Histidine,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2356.2Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2258.0Standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2593.9Standard polar33892256
L-Histidine,2TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N([C@@H](CC1=CN=C[NH]1)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2332.5Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,2TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N([C@@H](CC1=CN=C[NH]1)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2369.5Standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,2TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N([C@@H](CC1=CN=C[NH]1)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2607.4Standard polar33892256
L-Histidine,2TBDMS,isomer #4CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O2427.2Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,2TBDMS,isomer #4CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O2276.5Standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,2TBDMS,isomer #4CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O2578.1Standard polar33892256
L-Histidine,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CN=C[NH]1)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2588.3Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CN=C[NH]1)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2584.0Standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CN=C[NH]1)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2487.9Standard polar33892256
L-Histidine,3TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2611.9Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,3TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2507.3Standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,3TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2456.0Standard polar33892256
L-Histidine,3TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N([C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2745.5Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,3TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N([C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2591.8Standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,3TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N([C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2528.2Standard polar33892256
L-Histidine,4TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2961.0Semi standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,4TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2808.9Standard non polar33892256
L-Histidine,4TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CN=CN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2484.2Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Histidine GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)splash10-0udi-0940000000-43b9b035189af65e19cb2014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Histidine GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)splash10-0udi-0910000000-fc3ecec9d4ff3aa8cb092014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Histidine GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)splash10-0udi-0910000000-8284a673a35f7ac2241f2014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Histidine GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)splash10-0fk9-8910000000-a3231b1a418b5798ecac2014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Histidine GC-MS (3 TMS)splash10-0udi-1920000000-227e8116769731104e822014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Histidine GC-MS (4 TMS)splash10-0ufu-2942100000-31605fd50ecc1f5be0ed2014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Histidine GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0udi-0940000000-43b9b035189af65e19cb2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Histidine GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0udi-0910000000-fc3ecec9d4ff3aa8cb092017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Histidine GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0udi-0910000000-8284a673a35f7ac2241f2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Histidine GC-EI-QQ (Non-derivatized)splash10-0002-2901100000-ae0f3865934743de764c2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Histidine GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0fk9-8910000000-a3231b1a418b5798ecac2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Histidine GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-0udi-1920000000-227e8116769731104e822017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Histidine GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-0ufu-2942100000-31605fd50ecc1f5be0ed2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Histidine GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0ue9-0900000000-75e38a3f347210c301b02017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Histidine GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0udi-0910000000-c54bd92cc112eec7e5092017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Histidine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-001i-9500000000-1d29684ccb63836878652016-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Histidine GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-03di-6900000000-1dd400a16b8067f4daea2017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Histidine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Histidine GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Histidine GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Histidine GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Histidine GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Histidine GC-MS (TBDMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-001i-9100000000-ae0a0b81669663b3b4a52018-05-25Not AvailableView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Histidine Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-0a4i-0900000000-21530fac9975dc1edc7c2012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Histidine Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-053r-9300000000-a946c375931adb366aae2012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Histidine Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-053r-9000000000-61a3602d80bc0d54c5792012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Histidine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0900000000-7d63b501889c2628f4f02012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Histidine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0900000000-d4ccd4e44ca818b4cb172012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Histidine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0900000000-811aee5724fe0999c1342012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Histidine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-2900000000-052753eb699ae7cb4cb92012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Histidine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0900000000-3e145a05e6a71a0a2f562012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Histidine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0900000000-143a4b9d88183bc5abe72012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Histidine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-0900000000-a8c213472da676a241f22012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Histidine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0900000000-dfdf9562f155abb5fdeb2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Histidine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOFsplash10-0uk9-0879331100-8434b5b9e7e5700c23532012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Histidine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOFsplash10-000i-0900000000-aaaaadcecd4cd7c94e1e2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Histidine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0900000000-90c4cbd09d7abc0030132012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Histidine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0900000000-1381708d18c24486773d2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Histidine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOFsplash10-0w29-0696321100-eb62fc608270d11517072012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Histidine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOFsplash10-000i-0900000000-3450566ff38e6506a70f2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Histidine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOFsplash10-01q9-7900000000-124509a66476629ce10a2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Histidine LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0900000000-efa6a21b1be16fda08022012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Histidine LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0900000000-137840e69da48c6114e42012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Histidine LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udu-3900000000-06d50e90c797793a72d72012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Histidine LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9100000000-de7c9eb8068ef4f39f852012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Histidine LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00l6-9000000000-ebf778679d4c6d6a60572012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Histidine LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014i-9000000000-08d0188684283d1b23722012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Histidine LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0900000000-46c2f608d27f0381a0392012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Experimental 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)2021-10-10Wishart LabView Spectrum
Experimental 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, experimental)2021-10-10Wishart LabView Spectrum
Experimental 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)2021-10-10Wishart LabView Spectrum
Experimental 2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)2012-12-05Wishart LabView Spectrum

IR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Breast Milk
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Feces
  • Saliva
  • Sweat
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • All Tissues
  • Placenta
  • Prostate
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified75.0 +/- 20.0 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Not SpecifiedNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified86.0 +/- 10.0 uMChildren (1-13 years old)MaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified89.0 +/- 11.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified83.0 +/- 14.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified143.1 +/- 27.3 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified32-107 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified20-83 uMInfant (1 - 3 months old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified22-108 uMChildren (3 months - 6 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified35-106 uMChildren (6 - 18 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified124 (104-150) uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Not Available
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified90 +/- 9 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified86 +/- 9 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified106 (91.7-124) uMInfant (0-1 year old)Not Available
Normal
details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified32.226 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified90.233 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified128.904 uMChildren (1-13 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified225.581 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified73.51(11.42) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified122.459 +/- 12.890 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)MaleNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified128.904-354.485 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not Specified
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified225.581-386.711 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not Specified
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified30-138 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified83 +/- 14 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified40.00-120.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified50 - 110 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified103.13-141.80 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not Specified
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified89.3 +/- 10.8 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified77.342-238.472 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not Specified
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified96.678-225.581 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not Specified
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified89 +/- 11 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified83.4(70.1-97.4) uMChildren (1-13 uears old)Both
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified82.0 (72.0-92.0) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified84 +/- 14 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified131.2 +/- 37.3 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (1-13 years old)Male
Normal
details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (1-13 years old)Male
Normal
details
Breast MilkDetected and Quantified20.3 +/- 6.9 uMAdult (>18 years old)Female
Normal
details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified7.0897-19.980 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)MaleNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified14.0 +/- 8.0 uMNot SpecifiedBothNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified12.4 +/- 3.5 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)FemaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified11.6 +/- 4.4 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)MaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified3-18 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified20.7 +/- 7.5 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified16.8 +/- 2.7 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified18.6 +/- 3.3 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified16.4 +/- 6.1 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified10.9 (10.4-11.4) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0-17 uMChildren (0 - 10 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified4.6-23 uMAdolescent (>11 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified11.9 +/- 1.7 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (1-13 years old)BothNormal details
FecesDetected and Quantified1718.716 (1310.521-2126.911) nmol/g wet fecesInfant (0-1 year old)Not Specified
Normal
details
FecesDetected and Quantified2298.782 (1224.585-3372.980) nmol/g wet fecesInfant (0-1 year old)Not Specified
Normal
details
FecesDetected and Quantified966.778 (451.163-1482.392) nmol/g wet fecesInfant (0-1 year old)Not Specified
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (1-13 years old)BothNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Not Specified
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (6 - 18 years old)BothNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
FecesDetected and Quantified60 +/- 50 nmol/g wet fecesAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (1-13 years old)Not Specified
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified24.99 +/- 12.94 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
SalivaDetected and Quantified6.02 +/- 4.39 uMAdult (>18 years old)Female
Normal
    • Sugimoto et al. (...
details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
SalivaDetected and Quantified9.93 +/- 9.50 uMAdult (>18 years old)Female
Normal
    • Sugimoto et al. (...
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified<0.25 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified<0.25 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified9.4 +/- 4.9 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified18.67 +/- 10.20 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • Zerihun T. Dame, ...
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified8.2 +/- 1.2 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified>10 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
SweatDetected and Quantified170 uMAdult (60 years old)Male
Normal
details
SweatDetected and Quantified< 10 uMAdult (40 years old)Male
Normal
details
SweatDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult BothNormal details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (1-13 years old)Male
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified45.22 - 167.55 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified40.70 - 194.35 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (1 - 6 months old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified52.01 - 157.83 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (6 months - <1 year old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified49.18 - 163.03 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 2 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified38.44 - 144.83 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (2 - 4 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified24.19 - 122.67 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (4 - 13 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified14.47 - 86.72 umol/mmol creatinineAdolescent (13 - 21 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified14.47 - 86.72 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>21 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified15.16-224.31 umol/mmol creatinineAdolescent (13-18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified101.9 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified25.79-212.81 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • David F. Putnam C...
details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified45-100 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified9.16-127.60 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified87.2 (23.0-151.0) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
      Not Available
details
UrineDetected and Quantified16.4-433.51 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified47.12 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal
    • Shaykhutdinov RA,...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.0036 - 0.0376 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified19.07-342.31 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Female
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified4.78-199.77 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Male
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified18.0667 +/- 9.133 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)FemaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified119.45 +/- 87.37 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Female
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified31.667 +/- 22.800 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)FemaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified43 (17-90) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified150.04 +/- 94 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (0-2 years old)Female
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified154.26 +/- 82.28 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (0-2 years old)Male
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified60.14 +/- 47.11 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Male
Normal
details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified31.200 +/- 15.133 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)MaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified46.933 +/- 30 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)MaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified12.6 +/- 3.5 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (1 - 6 months old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified41.267-256.307 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified15.0 +/- 3.7 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (6 months - <1 year old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified8.3 +/- 2.1 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified48.30-384.37 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified154.67 (80-229.33) umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)BothNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
    • West Cadwell, N.J...
    • Basel, Switzerlan...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified31.0 +/- 15.0 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)MaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
    • West Cadwell, N.J...
    • Basel, Switzerlan...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified85.0 +/- 33.0 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
    • West Cadwell, N.J...
    • Basel, Switzerlan...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified62.0 +/- 28.0 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
    • West Cadwell, N.J...
    • Basel, Switzerlan...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified60.75 +/- 27.45 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified45.6 (21.7-71.5) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified66-106 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified26.017-298.066 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified88 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified190.3063 +/- 67.9627 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Normal
    • Analysis of 30 no...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified194.90 +/- 144.31 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified7.914 +/- 6.784 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified9.05 +/- 6.78 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified10.18 +/- 7.91 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified63.73 (36.37-98.87) umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal
    • Analysis of 40 NI...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified237.43 +/- 113.06 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified316.57 +/- 146.98 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified463.55 +/- 192.20 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified62.585 +/- 67.649 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Normal
    • Analysis of 30 no...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified21.09-188.1 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified53.50(29.22-137.2) umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)FemaleNormal details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (1-13 years old)Male
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified60.27(18.73-193.6) umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)MaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified30.32-242.86 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified86.0 +/- 21.4 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Both
Obesity
    • Metabolomics reve...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified90.7 +/- 18.4 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Both
Obesity
    • Metabolomics reve...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified46.1 +/- 17.5 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothHeart Transplant details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal cancer details
BloodDetected and Quantified84 +/- 11 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleSchizophrenia details
BloodDetected and Quantified84 +/- 14 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleSchizophrenia details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Schizophrenia
details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer
details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Pancreatic cancer
details
BloodDetected and Quantified130 uMInfant (0-1 year old)MaleFumaric aciduria details
BloodDetected and Quantified80.88(11.04) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction details
BloodDetected and Quantified509.17 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)Male
Histidinemia
details
BloodDetected and Quantified92.6(75.9-112.4) uMChildren (1-13 uears old)Both
Environmental enteric dysfunction
details
BloodDetected and Quantified1108.3 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)MaleHistidinemia details
BloodDetected and Quantified257.807-483.389 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)Male
Histidinemia
details
BloodDetected and Quantified386.711 +/- 128.904 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)MaleHistidinemia details
BloodDetected and Quantified116.68 +/- 18.15 uMElderly (>65 years old)BothAlzheimer's disease details
BloodDetected and Quantified412.492-1115.0169 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)Male
Histidinemia
details
BloodDetected and Quantified412.492-837.874 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)Male
Histidinemia
details
BloodDetected and Quantified470.498-928.107 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)Male
Histidinemia
details
BloodDetected and Quantified483.389-708.970 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)Male
Histidinemia
details
BloodDetected and Quantified509.170-999.00357 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)Male
Histidinemia
details
BloodDetected and Quantified515.615-1063.455 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)Male
Histidinemia
details
BloodDetected and Quantified580.0666-1173.0236 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)Male
Histidinemia
details
BloodDetected and Quantified708.970-1501.728 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)Male
Histidinemia
details
BloodDetected and Quantified72 +/- 19 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)MaleHistidinuria details
BloodDetected and Quantified741.196-947.442 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)Male
Histidinemia
details
BloodDetected and Quantified837.874 +/- 290.0333 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)MaleHistidinemia details
BloodDetected and Quantified837.874-1630.632 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)Male
Histidinemia
details
BloodDetected and Quantified863.655-1115.0169 uMChildren (1-13 years old)BothHistidinemia details
BloodDetected and Quantified67.0 (64.0-70.0) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothDengue fever details
BloodDetected and Quantified80.5 +/- 4.2 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Epilepsy
details
BloodDetected and Quantified107.0 +/- 6.5 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Epilepsy
details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified58.00666 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)MaleHistidinemia details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified116.0133 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)MaleHistidinemia details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified20-29 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)BothPyridoxamine 5-prime-phosphate oxidase deficiency details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified21.4 +/- 6.6 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedLeukemia details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified10.3 +/- 3.7 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Not Specified
Leukemia
details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified130.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothHistidinemia details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified14.4 +/- 6.32 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothProgressive dementia details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal Cancer details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (1-13 years old)BothAutism details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (1-13 years old)Bothceliac disease details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (6 - 18 years old)BothCrohns disease details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (6 - 18 years old)BothUlcerative colitis details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (6 - 18 years old)Not SpecifiedUnclassified IBD details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (6 - 18 years old)Not SpecifiedCrohns disease details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (6 - 18 years old)Not SpecifiedUlcerative colitis details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal Cancer details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (1-13 years old)Not Specifiedceliac disease details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (1-13 years old)Not Specified
Treated celiac disease
details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothOral cancer details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)FemaleBreast cancer details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedPancreatic cancer details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedPeriodontal diseases details
SalivaDetected and Quantified16.96 +/- 7.43 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleAlzheimer's disease details
SalivaDetected and Quantified23.31 +/- 8.62 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleFrontotemporal lobe dementia details
SalivaDetected and Quantified17.50 +/- 4.53 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothLewy body disease details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)FemaleEpithelial ovarian cancer details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.0033 - 0.0186 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothADPKD details
UrineDetected and Quantified30.5 +/- 4.3 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothAlzheimer's disease details
UrineDetected and Quantified276 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)MaleHistidinuria details
UrineDetected and Quantified595 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Male
Histidinuria
details
UrineDetected and Quantified246.700-642.700 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedFumaric aciduria details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal cancer details
UrineDetected and Quantified145.1681 +/- 74.4203 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Eosinophilic esophagitis
    • Analysis of 30 no...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified103.2581 +/- 61.6795 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
    • Analysis of 30 no...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified105.3 +/- 12.7 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Both3-Hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HL) deficency details
UrineDetected and Quantified65.5 +/- 11.3 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Both3-Hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HL) deficency details
UrineDetected and Quantified52.9 +/- 12.5 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothArgininosuccinic aciduria (ASL) details
UrineDetected and Quantified154.3 +/- 13.7 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothPropionic acidemia details
UrineDetected and Quantified52 +/- 29 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothTyrosinemia I details
UrineDetected and Quantified37.9 +/- 9.8 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothTyrosinemia I details
UrineDetected and Quantified62.6 +/- 12.3 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothPhenylketonuria details
UrineDetected and Quantified68 +/- 19.9 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothPhenylketonuria details
UrineDetected and Quantified171.8 +/- 4.3 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothMaple syrup urine disease details
UrineDetected and Quantified180.1 +/- 12.4 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothAminoaciduria details
UrineDetected and Quantified64.206 +/- 58.48 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Eosinophilic esophagitis
    • Analysis of 30 no...
details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Dengue fever
  1. Klassen P, Furst P, Schulz C, Mazariegos M, Solomons NW: Plasma free amino acid concentrations in healthy Guatemalan adults and in patients with classic dengue. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Mar;73(3):647-52. [PubMed:11237944 ]
Epilepsy
  1. Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24. [PubMed:14992292 ]
Alzheimer's disease
  1. Fonteh AN, Harrington RJ, Tsai A, Liao P, Harrington MG: Free amino acid and dipeptide changes in the body fluids from Alzheimer's disease subjects. Amino Acids. 2007 Feb;32(2):213-24. Epub 2006 Oct 10. [PubMed:17031479 ]
  2. Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6. [PubMed:23857558 ]
Colorectal cancer
  1. Ritchie SA, Ahiahonu PW, Jayasinghe D, Heath D, Liu J, Lu Y, Jin W, Kavianpour A, Yamazaki Y, Khan AM, Hossain M, Su-Myat KK, Wood PL, Krenitsky K, Takemasa I, Miyake M, Sekimoto M, Monden M, Matsubara H, Nomura F, Goodenowe DB: Reduced levels of hydroxylated, polyunsaturated ultra long-chain fatty acids in the serum of colorectal cancer patients: implications for early screening and detection. BMC Med. 2010 Feb 15;8:13. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-8-13. [PubMed:20156336 ]
  2. Ni Y, Xie G, Jia W: Metabonomics of human colorectal cancer: new approaches for early diagnosis and biomarker discovery. J Proteome Res. 2014 Sep 5;13(9):3857-70. doi: 10.1021/pr500443c. Epub 2014 Aug 14. [PubMed:25105552 ]
  3. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
  4. Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
  5. Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
Schizophrenia
  1. Bjerkenstedt L, Edman G, Hagenfeldt L, Sedvall G, Wiesel FA: Plasma amino acids in relation to cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites in schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. Br J Psychiatry. 1985 Sep;147:276-82. [PubMed:2415198 ]
Fumarase deficiency
  1. Allegri G, Fernandes MJ, Scalco FB, Correia P, Simoni RE, Llerena JC Jr, de Oliveira ML: Fumaric aciduria: an overview and the first Brazilian case report. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2010 Aug;33(4):411-9. doi: 10.1007/s10545-010-9134-2. Epub 2010 Jun 15. [PubMed:20549362 ]
Obesity
  1. Simone Wahl, Christina Holzapfel, Zhonghao Yu, Michaela Breier, Ivan Kondofersky, Christiane Fuchs, Paula Singmann, Cornelia Prehn, Jerzy Adamski, Harald Grallert, Thomas Illig, Rui Wang-Sattler, Thomas Reinehr (2013). Metabolomics reveals determinants of weight loss during lifestyle intervention in obese children. Metabolomics.
Histidinemia
  1. Wevers RA, Engelke U, Wendel U, de Jong JG, Gabreels FJ, Heerschap A: Standardized method for high-resolution 1H-NMR of cerebrospinal fluid. Clin Chem. 1995 May;41(5):744-51. [PubMed:7729054 ]
  2. Anakura M, Matsuda I, Arashima S, Fukushima N, Oka Y: Histidinemia. Classical and atypical form in siblings. Am J Dis Child. 1975 Jul;129(7):858-61. [PubMed:1146783 ]
  3. Swarna M, Jyothy A, Usha Rani P, Reddy PP: Amino acid disorders in mental retardation: a two-decade study from Andhra Pradesh. Biochem Genet. 2004 Apr;42(3-4):85-98. [PubMed:15168722 ]
  4. Nyhan WL, Hilton S: Histidinuria: defective transport of histidine. Am J Med Genet. 1992 Nov 15;44(5):558-61. [PubMed:1481808 ]
  5. LADU BN, HOWELL RR, JACOBY GA, SEEGMILLER JE, SOBER EK, ZANNONI VG, CANBY JP, ZIEGLER LK: CLINICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON TWO CASES OF HISTIDINEMIA. Pediatrics. 1963 Aug;32:216-27. [PubMed:14044449 ]
Leukemia
  1. Peng CT, Wu KH, Lan SJ, Tsai JJ, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH: Amino acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2005 May;41(8):1158-63. Epub 2005 Apr 14. [PubMed:15911239 ]
Pyridoxamine 5-prime-phosphate oxidase deficiency
  1. Plecko B, Paul K, Paschke E, Stoeckler-Ipsiroglu S, Struys E, Jakobs C, Hartmann H, Luecke T, di Capua M, Korenke C, Hikel C, Reutershahn E, Freilinger M, Baumeister F, Bosch F, Erwa W: Biochemical and molecular characterization of 18 patients with pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy and mutations of the antiquitin (ALDH7A1) gene. Hum Mutat. 2007 Jan;28(1):19-26. [PubMed:17068770 ]
Celiac disease
  1. Di Cagno R, De Angelis M, De Pasquale I, Ndagijimana M, Vernocchi P, Ricciuti P, Gagliardi F, Laghi L, Crecchio C, Guerzoni ME, Gobbetti M, Francavilla R: Duodenal and faecal microbiota of celiac children: molecular, phenotype and metabolome characterization. BMC Microbiol. 2011 Oct 4;11:219. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-11-219. [PubMed:21970810 ]
  2. De Angelis M, Vannini L, Di Cagno R, Cavallo N, Minervini F, Francavilla R, Ercolini D, Gobbetti M: Salivary and fecal microbiota and metabolome of celiac children under gluten-free diet. Int J Food Microbiol. 2016 Dec 19;239:125-132. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.07.025. Epub 2016 Jul 19. [PubMed:27452636 ]
Autism
  1. De Angelis M, Piccolo M, Vannini L, Siragusa S, De Giacomo A, Serrazzanetti DI, Cristofori F, Guerzoni ME, Gobbetti M, Francavilla R: Fecal microbiota and metabolome of children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 9;8(10):e76993. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076993. eCollection 2013. [PubMed:24130822 ]
Crohn's disease
  1. Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
Ulcerative colitis
  1. Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
Perillyl alcohol administration for cancer treatment
  1. Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10. [PubMed:20300169 ]
Pancreatic cancer
  1. Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10. [PubMed:20300169 ]
  2. Zhang L, Jin H, Guo X, Yang Z, Zhao L, Tang S, Mo P, Wu K, Nie Y, Pan Y, Fan D: Distinguishing pancreatic cancer from chronic pancreatitis and healthy individuals by (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabonomic profiles. Clin Biochem. 2012 Sep;45(13-14):1064-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.05.012. Epub 2012 May 19. [PubMed:22613268 ]
Periodontal disease
  1. Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10. [PubMed:20300169 ]
Frontotemporal dementia
  1. Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6. [PubMed:23857558 ]
Lewy body disease
  1. Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6. [PubMed:23857558 ]
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
  1. Gronwald W, Klein MS, Zeltner R, Schulze BD, Reinhold SW, Deutschmann M, Immervoll AK, Boger CA, Banas B, Eckardt KU, Oefner PJ: Detection of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease by NMR spectroscopic fingerprinting of urine. Kidney Int. 2011 Jun;79(11):1244-53. doi: 10.1038/ki.2011.30. Epub 2011 Mar 9. [PubMed:21389975 ]
Argininosuccinic aciduria
  1. Gronwald W, Klein MS, Kaspar H, Fagerer SR, Nurnberger N, Dettmer K, Bertsch T, Oefner PJ: Urinary metabolite quantification employing 2D NMR spectroscopy. Anal Chem. 2008 Dec 1;80(23):9288-97. doi: 10.1021/ac801627c. [PubMed:19551947 ]
Propionic acidemia
  1. Gronwald W, Klein MS, Kaspar H, Fagerer SR, Nurnberger N, Dettmer K, Bertsch T, Oefner PJ: Urinary metabolite quantification employing 2D NMR spectroscopy. Anal Chem. 2008 Dec 1;80(23):9288-97. doi: 10.1021/ac801627c. [PubMed:19551947 ]
Tyrosinemia I
  1. Gronwald W, Klein MS, Kaspar H, Fagerer SR, Nurnberger N, Dettmer K, Bertsch T, Oefner PJ: Urinary metabolite quantification employing 2D NMR spectroscopy. Anal Chem. 2008 Dec 1;80(23):9288-97. doi: 10.1021/ac801627c. [PubMed:19551947 ]
Phenylketonuria
  1. Gronwald W, Klein MS, Kaspar H, Fagerer SR, Nurnberger N, Dettmer K, Bertsch T, Oefner PJ: Urinary metabolite quantification employing 2D NMR spectroscopy. Anal Chem. 2008 Dec 1;80(23):9288-97. doi: 10.1021/ac801627c. [PubMed:19551947 ]
Maple syrup urine disease
  1. Gronwald W, Klein MS, Kaspar H, Fagerer SR, Nurnberger N, Dettmer K, Bertsch T, Oefner PJ: Urinary metabolite quantification employing 2D NMR spectroscopy. Anal Chem. 2008 Dec 1;80(23):9288-97. doi: 10.1021/ac801627c. [PubMed:19551947 ]
Eosinophilic esophagitis
  1. Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDDB00117
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB011856
KNApSAcK IDC00001363
Chemspider ID6038
KEGG Compound IDC00135
BioCyc IDHIS
BiGG ID33985
Wikipedia LinkL-histidine
METLIN ID21
PubChem Compound6274
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID15971
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDHIS_L
MarkerDB IDMDB00000085
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceAurelio Luigi; Brownlee Robert T C; Hughes Andrew B A novel synthesis of N-methyl asparagine, arginine, histidine, and tryptophan. Organic letters (2002), 4(21), 3767-9.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Xiao B, Jing C, Kelly G, Walker PA, Muskett FW, Frenkiel TA, Martin SR, Sarma K, Reinberg D, Gamblin SJ, Wilson JR: Specificity and mechanism of the histone methyltransferase Pr-Set7. Genes Dev. 2005 Jun 15;19(12):1444-54. Epub 2005 Jun 2. [PubMed:15933069 ]
  2. Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762. [PubMed:19212411 ]
  3. Shoemaker JD, Elliott WH: Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):125-38. [PubMed:2026685 ]
  4. Silwood CJ, Lynch E, Claxson AW, Grootveld MC: 1H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic analysis of human saliva. J Dent Res. 2002 Jun;81(6):422-7. [PubMed:12097436 ]
  5. Nicholson JK, O'Flynn MP, Sadler PJ, Macleod AF, Juul SM, Sonksen PH: Proton-nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies of serum, plasma and urine from fasting normal and diabetic subjects. Biochem J. 1984 Jan 15;217(2):365-75. [PubMed:6696735 ]
  6. Wevers RA, Engelke U, Wendel U, de Jong JG, Gabreels FJ, Heerschap A: Standardized method for high-resolution 1H-NMR of cerebrospinal fluid. Clin Chem. 1995 May;41(5):744-51. [PubMed:7729054 ]
  7. Hagenfeldt L, Bjerkenstedt L, Edman G, Sedvall G, Wiesel FA: Amino acids in plasma and CSF and monoamine metabolites in CSF: interrelationship in healthy subjects. J Neurochem. 1984 Mar;42(3):833-7. [PubMed:6198473 ]
  8. Peng CT, Wu KH, Lan SJ, Tsai JJ, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH: Amino acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2005 May;41(8):1158-63. Epub 2005 Apr 14. [PubMed:15911239 ]
  9. Cynober LA: Plasma amino acid levels with a note on membrane transport: characteristics, regulation, and metabolic significance. Nutrition. 2002 Sep;18(9):761-6. [PubMed:12297216 ]
  10. Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24. [PubMed:14992292 ]
  11. Klassen P, Furst P, Schulz C, Mazariegos M, Solomons NW: Plasma free amino acid concentrations in healthy Guatemalan adults and in patients with classic dengue. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Mar;73(3):647-52. [PubMed:11237944 ]
  12. Mukerji SK, Pimstone NR, Gandhi SN, Tan KT: Biochemical diagnosis and monitoring therapeutic modulation of disease activity in an unusual case of congenital erythropoietic porphyria. Clin Chem. 1985 Dec;31(12):1946-51. [PubMed:4064282 ]
  13. Churchill D, Yacoub JM, Siu KP, Symes A, Gault MH: Toxic nephropathy after low-dose methoxyflurane anesthesia: drug interaction with secobarbital? Can Med Assoc J. 1976 Feb 21;114(4):326-8, 333. [PubMed:1253070 ]
  14. Sieja K, Stanosz S, von Mach-Szczypinski J, Olewniczak S, Stanosz M: Concentration of histamine in serum and tissues of the primary ductal breast cancers in women. Breast. 2005 Jun;14(3):236-41. Epub 2005 Jan 21. [PubMed:15927833 ]
  15. Masini E, Fabbroni V, Giannini L, Vannacci A, Messerini L, Perna F, Cortesini C, Cianchi F: Histamine and histidine decarboxylase up-regulation in colorectal cancer: correlation with tumor stage. Inflamm Res. 2005 Apr;54 Suppl 1:S80-1. [PubMed:15928846 ]
  16. Xiao YP, Han CB, Mao XY, Li JY, Xu L, Ren CS, Xin Y: Relationship between abnormality of FHIT gene and EBV infection in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Jun 7;11(21):3212-6. [PubMed:15929169 ]
  17. Mason AB, Halbrooks PJ, James NG, Connolly SA, Larouche JR, Smith VC, MacGillivray RT, Chasteen ND: Mutational analysis of C-lobe ligands of human serum transferrin: insights into the mechanism of iron release. Biochemistry. 2005 Jun 7;44(22):8013-21. [PubMed:15924420 ]
  18. Janknecht R, Hipskind RA, Houthaeve T, Nordheim A, Stunnenberg HG: Identification of multiple SRF N-terminal phosphorylation sites affecting DNA binding properties. EMBO J. 1992 Mar;11(3):1045-54. [PubMed:1547771 ]
  19. Peterson JW, Boldogh I, Popov VL, Saini SS, Chopra AK: Anti-inflammatory and antisecretory potential of histidine in Salmonella-challenged mouse small intestine. Lab Invest. 1998 May;78(5):523-34. [PubMed:9605177 ]
  20. Gerber DA: Low free serum histidine concentration in rheumatoid arthritis. A measure of disease activity. J Clin Invest. 1975 Jun;55(6):1164-73. [PubMed:1079527 ]
  21. Hemler RJ, Hoogeveen JH, Kraaier V, Van Huffelen AC, Wieneke GH, Hijman R, Glerum JH: A pharmacological model of cerebral ischemia. The effects of indomethacin on cerebral blood flow velocity, quantitative EEG and cognitive functions. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1990 Nov;12(9):641-3. [PubMed:2084459 ]
  22. Feng RN, Niu YC, Sun XW, Li Q, Zhao C, Wang C, Guo FC, Sun CH, Li Y: Histidine supplementation improves insulin resistance through suppressed inflammation in obese women with the metabolic syndrome: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia. 2013 May;56(5):985-94. doi: 10.1007/s00125-013-2839-7. Epub 2013 Jan 30. [PubMed:23361591 ]
  23. Watanabe M, Suliman ME, Qureshi AR, Garcia-Lopez E, Barany P, Heimburger O, Stenvinkel P, Lindholm B: Consequences of low plasma histidine in chronic kidney disease patients: associations with inflammation, oxidative stress, and mortality. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jun;87(6):1860-6. [PubMed:18541578 ]
  24. Jung J, Kim SH, Lee HS, Choi GS, Jung YS, Ryu DH, Park HS, Hwang GS: Serum metabolomics reveals pathways and biomarkers associated with asthma pathogenesis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2013 Apr;43(4):425-33. doi: 10.1111/cea.12089. [PubMed:23517038 ]
  25. Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]
  26. Effective method for the amelioration and prevention of tissue and cellular damage [Link]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 14 proteins in total.

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in carboxy-lyase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the decarboxylation of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) to dopamine, L-5-hydroxytryptophan to serotonin and L-tryptophan to tryptamine.
Gene Name:
DDC
Uniprot ID:
P20711
Molecular weight:
53893.755
Reactions
Histidine → Histamine + Carbon dioxidedetails
General function:
Involved in metallopeptidase activity
Specific function:
Preferential hydrolysis of the beta-Ala-|-His dipeptide (carnosine), and also anserine, Xaa-|-His dipeptides and other dipeptides including homocarnosine
Gene Name:
CNDP1
Uniprot ID:
Q96KN2
Molecular weight:
56691.6
General function:
Involved in protein methyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Methylates (mono and asymmetric dimethylation) the guanidino nitrogens of arginyl residues in some proteins
Gene Name:
PRMT3
Uniprot ID:
O60678
Molecular weight:
59902.7
General function:
Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
HARS2
Uniprot ID:
P49590
Molecular weight:
56887.865
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + Histidine + tRNA(His) → Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + L-histidyl-tRNA(His)details
Adenosine triphosphate + Histidine + tRNA(His) → Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + L-Histidyl-tRNA(His)details
General function:
Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
HARS
Uniprot ID:
P12081
Molecular weight:
52719.54
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + Histidine + tRNA(His) → Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + L-histidyl-tRNA(His)details
Adenosine triphosphate + Histidine + tRNA(His) → Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + L-Histidyl-tRNA(His)details
References
  1. Nagatoyo Y, Iwaki J, Suzuki S, Kuno A, Hasegawa T: Molecular recognition of histidine tRNA by histidyl-tRNA synthetase from hyperthermophilic archaeon, Aeropyrum pernix K1. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser (Oxf). 2005;(49):307-8. [PubMed:17150756 ]
  2. Rosen AE, Brooks BS, Guth E, Francklyn CS, Musier-Forsyth K: Evolutionary conservation of a functionally important backbone phosphate group critical for aminoacylation of histidine tRNAs. RNA. 2006 Jul;12(7):1315-22. Epub 2006 Jun 1. [PubMed:16741232 ]
General function:
Involved in histidine ammonia-lyase activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
HAL
Uniprot ID:
P42357
Molecular weight:
49122.09
Reactions
Histidine → Urocanic acid + Ammoniadetails
References
  1. Viergutz S, Retey J: Kinetic analysis of the reactions catalyzed by histidine and phenylalanine ammonia lyases. Chem Biodivers. 2004 Feb;1(2):296-302. [PubMed:17191848 ]
  2. Lambrecht NW, Yakubov I, Sachs G: Fasting-induced changes in ECL cell gene expression. Physiol Genomics. 2007 Oct 22;31(2):183-92. Epub 2007 May 29. [PubMed:17536021 ]
  3. Watts KT, Mijts BN, Lee PC, Manning AJ, Schmidt-Dannert C: Discovery of a substrate selectivity switch in tyrosine ammonia-lyase, a member of the aromatic amino acid lyase family. Chem Biol. 2006 Dec;13(12):1317-26. [PubMed:17185227 ]
  4. Katona A, Tosa MI, Paizs C, Retey J: Inhibition of histidine ammonia lyase by heteroaryl-alanines and acrylates. Chem Biodivers. 2006 May;3(5):502-8. [PubMed:17193285 ]
General function:
Involved in carboxy-lyase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the biosynthesis of histamine from histidine.
Gene Name:
HDC
Uniprot ID:
P19113
Molecular weight:
74139.825
Reactions
Histidine → Histamine + CO(2)details
Histidine → Histamine + Carbon dioxidedetails
References
  1. Landete JM, Pardo I, Ferrer S: Histamine, histidine, and growth-phase mediated regulation of the histidine decarboxylase gene in lactic acid bacteria isolated from wine. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2006 Jul;260(1):84-90. [PubMed:16790022 ]
  2. Fernandez M, del Rio B, Linares DM, Martin MC, Alvarez MA: Real-time polymerase chain reaction for quantitative detection of histamine-producing bacteria: use in cheese production. J Dairy Sci. 2006 Oct;89(10):3763-9. [PubMed:16960050 ]
  3. Nitta Y, Kikuzaki H, Ueno H: Food components inhibiting recombinant human histidine decarboxylase activity. J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Jan 24;55(2):299-304. [PubMed:17227057 ]
  4. Kitamura Y, Das AK, Murata Y, Maeyama K, Dev S, Wakayama Y, Kalubi B, Takeda N, Fukui H: Dexamethasone suppresses histamine synthesis by repressing both transcription and activity of HDC in allergic rats. Allergol Int. 2006 Sep;55(3):279-86. [PubMed:17075268 ]
  5. Castellani ML, Kempuraj D, Frydas S, Theoharides TC, Simeonidou I, Conti P, Vecchiet J: Inhibitory effect of quercetin on tryptase and MCP-1 chemokine release, and histidine decarboxylase mRNA transcription by human mast cell-1 cell line. Neuroimmunomodulation. 2006;13(3):179-86. Epub 2006 Dec 21. [PubMed:17191019 ]
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the synthesis of carnosine and homocarnosine. Carnosine is synthesized more efficiently than homocarnosine.
Gene Name:
CARNS1
Uniprot ID:
A5YM72
Molecular weight:
101318.725
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + Histidine + beta-Alanine → ADP + Phosphate + Carnosinedetails
Adenosine triphosphate + Histidine + beta-Alanine → Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + Carnosinedetails
Adenosine triphosphate + Histidine + gamma-Aminobutyric acid → Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + Homocarnosinedetails
General function:
Not Available
Specific function:
N5-glutamine methyltransferase responsible for the methylation of the GGQ triplet of the mitochondrial translation release factor MTRF1L.
Gene Name:
HEMK1
Uniprot ID:
Q9Y5R4
Molecular weight:
Not Available
Reactions
Histidine + S-Adenosylmethionine → Methylhistidine + S-Adenosylhomocysteinedetails
General function:
Not Available
Specific function:
Probable methyltransferase (By similarity).
Gene Name:
METTL2B
Uniprot ID:
Q6P1Q9
Molecular weight:
Not Available
Reactions
Histidine + S-Adenosylmethionine → Methylhistidine + S-Adenosylhomocysteinedetails

Transporters

General function:
Amino acid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Sodium-dependent amino acid/proton antiporter. Mediates electrogenic cotransport of glutamine and sodium ions in exchange for protons. Also recognizes histidine, asparagine and alanine. May mediate amino acid transport in either direction under physiological conditions. May play a role in nitrogen metabolism and synaptic transmission
Gene Name:
SLC38A3
Uniprot ID:
Q99624
Molecular weight:
55772.4
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
  3. Eppig JJ, Pendola FL, Wigglesworth K, Pendola JK: Mouse oocytes regulate metabolic cooperativity between granulosa cells and oocytes: amino acid transport. Biol Reprod. 2005 Aug;73(2):351-7. Epub 2005 Apr 20. [PubMed:15843493 ]
General function:
Involved in transmembrane transport
Specific function:
Sodium-independent transporter that mediates the update of aromatic acid. Can function as a net efflux pathway for aromatic amino acids in the basosolateral epithelial cells
Gene Name:
SLC16A10
Uniprot ID:
Q8TF71
Molecular weight:
55492.1
References
  1. Kim DK, Kanai Y, Chairoungdua A, Matsuo H, Cha SH, Endou H: Expression cloning of a Na+-independent aromatic amino acid transporter with structural similarity to H+/monocarboxylate transporters. J Biol Chem. 2001 May 18;276(20):17221-8. Epub 2001 Feb 20. [PubMed:11278508 ]
  2. Kim DK, Kanai Y, Matsuo H, Kim JY, Chairoungdua A, Kobayashi Y, Enomoto A, Cha SH, Goya T, Endou H: The human T-type amino acid transporter-1: characterization, gene organization, and chromosomal location. Genomics. 2002 Jan;79(1):95-103. [PubMed:11827462 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 14 proteins in total.