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Human Metabolome Database Version 3.5

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Showing metabocard for Formic acid (HMDB00142)

Record Information
Version 3.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 08:48:42 -0700
Update Date 2013-02-08 17:07:58 -0700
HMDB ID HMDB00142
Secondary Accession Numbers None
Metabolite Identification
Common Name Formic acid
Description Formic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid. Formate is an intermediate in normal metabolism. It takes part in the metabolism of one-carbon compounds and its carbon may appear in methyl groups undergoing transmethylation. It is eventually oxidized to carbon dioxide. Formate is typically produced as a byproduct in the production of acetate. It is responsible for both metabolic acidosis and disrupting mitochondrial electron transport and energy production by inhibiting cytochrome oxidase activity, the terminal electron acceptor of the electron transport chain. Cell death from cytochrome oxidase inhibition by formate is believed to result partly from depletion of ATP, reducing energy concentrations so that essential cell functions cannot be maintained. Furthermore, inhibition of cytochrome oxidase by formate may also cause cell death by increased production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) secondary to the blockade of the electron transport chain. In nature, formic acid is found in the stings and bites of many insects of the order Hymenoptera, including bees and ants. The principal use of formic acid is as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. When sprayed on fresh hay or other silage, it arrests certain decay processes and causes the feed to retain its nutritive value longer.
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
  1. Add-F
  2. Ameisensaure
  3. Aminate
  4. Aminic acid
  5. Bilorin
  6. Collo-Bueglatt
  7. Collo-Didax
  8. Formate
  9. Formira
  10. Formisoton
  11. Formylate
  12. Formylic acid
  13. Hydrogen carboxylate
  14. Hydrogen carboxylic acid
  15. Methanoate
  16. Methanoic acid
  17. Methanoic acid monomer
  18. Myrmicyl
  19. Sodium Formate
  20. Sybest
  21. Wonderbond Hardener M 600L
Chemical Formula CH2O2
Average Molecular Weight 46.0254
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 46.005479308
IUPAC Name formic acid
Traditional IUPAC Name formic acid
CAS Registry Number 64-18-6
SMILES OC=O
InChI Identifier InChI=1S/CH2O2/c2-1-3/h1H,(H,2,3)
InChI Key BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic Compounds
Super Class Organic Acids and Derivatives
Class Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
Sub Class Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Other Descriptors
  • Aliphatic Acyclic Compounds
  • Saturated fatty acids(KEGG)
  • Straight chain fatty acids(KEGG)
  • Straight chain fatty acids(Lipidmaps)
  • monocarboxylic acid(ChEBI)
Substituents
  • N/A
Direct Parent Carboxylic Acids
Ontology
Status Detected and Quantified
Origin
  • Toxin/Pollutant
  • Drug
  • Microbial
Biofunction Not Available
Application Not Available
Cellular locations
  • Extracellular
  • Mitochondria
  • Nucleus
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
Physical Properties
State Liquid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Reference
Melting Point 8.4 °C Not Available
Boiling Point Not Available Not Available
Water Solubility 1000.0 mg/mL Not Available
LogP -0.54 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
Water Solubility 477 g/L ALOGPS
LogP -0.47 ALOGPS
LogP -0.27 ChemAxon
LogS 1.02 ALOGPS
pKa (strongest acidic) 4.27 ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count 2 ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count 1 ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area 37.3 A2 ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count 0 ChemAxon
Refractivity 8.15 ChemAxon
Polarizability 3.37 ChemAxon
Formal Charge 0 ChemAxon
Physiological Charge -1 ChemAxon
Spectra
Gas-MS Spectrum
1H NMR Spectrum
13C NMR Spectrum
[1H,1H] 2D NMR Spectrum
[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Mitochondria
  • Nucleus
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
Biofluid Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Saliva
  • Urine
Tissue Location
  • Fibroblasts
  • Most Tissues
  • Neuron
  • Pancreas
  • Liver
  • Brain
  • Nerve Cells
  • Stratum Corneum
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Pterine Biosynthesis SMP00005 map00790 Link_out
Folate Metabolism SMP00053 map00670 Link_out
Normal Concentrations
Biofluid Status Value Age Sex Condition Comments
Blood Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
224.5 +/- 119.8 uM Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Subjects were exposed to water vapor
Blood Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
121.7 +/- 97.8 uM Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Concentration in blood in the morning
Blood Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
106.5 +/- 91.2 uM Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Concentration in blood in the afternoon
Blood Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
32.8 +/- 13.3 uM Adult (>18 years old) Not Specified Normal Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
32 +/- 16 uM Not Specified Both Normal Not Available
Saliva Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
1-244 uM Adult (>18 years old) Male normal At rest without stimulation
Saliva Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
1-96 uM Adult (>18 years old) Male normal Salivary induction with a citric acid solution...
Urine Detected and Quantified
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44.2 +/- 22.8 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Methyl formate exposure
Urine Detected and not Quantified
Article_icon
Not Applicable Adult (>18 years old) Male Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
17 +/- 8.11 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Concentration in the afternoon
Urine Detected and not Quantified
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Not Applicable Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and not Quantified
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Not Applicable Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
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>0.65 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and not Quantified
Article_icon
Not Applicable Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
43.47-195.63 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
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0.0003 - 0.009 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
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26.8 (6.9-120.9) umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal urine by NMR
Urine Detected and Quantified
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11.82 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Male Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
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20.39 +/- 11.84 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
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27.593 +/- 25.421 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Concentration in the morning
Urine Detected and Quantified
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55.42 (14.60 – 120.70) umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Biofluid Status Value Age Sex Condition Comments
Blood Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
19.8 +/- 6.8 uM Adult (>18 years old) Not Specified Heart Transplant Not Available
Blood Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
171.7 +/- 73.9 uM Adult (>18 years old) Both Methanol poisoning Blood concentration in methanol exposed workers
Blood Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
1630 (543 - 2717) uM Adult (>18 years old) Female Formic acid intoxication Following ingestion of 100g of formic acid
Blood Detected and Quantified
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600.0 (400.0-17100.0) uM Adult (>18 years old) Both Methanol poisoning Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
79.1 +/- 27.8 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Methyl formate exposure Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
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0.0006 - 0.0081 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both ADPKD Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
20.0 +/- 11.0 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Lung cancer Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
64.96 +/- 62.14 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Methanol poisoning Urine concentration in methanol exposed workers
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
92.45 (20.06 – 524.35) umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Type 1 diabetes Mellitus Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Methyl formate exposure
  • Berode M, Sethre T, Laubli T, Savolainen H: Urinary methanol and formic acid as indicators of occupational exposure to methyl formate. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2000 Aug;73(6):410-4. Pubmed: 11007345 Link_out
    Lung Cancer
      • HMP experimental
      Methanol poisoning
      • Sejersted OM, Jacobsen D, Ovrebo S, Jansen H: Formate concentrations in plasma from patients poisoned with methanol. Acta Med Scand. 1983;213(2):105-10. Pubmed: 6837328 Link_out
      • Baumann K, Angerer J: Occupational chronic exposure to organic solvents. VI. Formic acid concentration in blood and urine as an indicator of methanol exposure. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1979 Jan 15;42(3-4):241-9. Pubmed: 422265 Link_out
        Formic acid intoxication
        • Moore DF, Bentley AM, Dawling S, Hoare AM, Henry JA: Folinic acid and enhanced renal elimination in formic acid intoxication. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1994;32(2):199-204. Pubmed: 8145360 Link_out
          Associated OMIM IDs
          DrugBank ID Not Available
          Phenol Explorer Compound ID Not Available
          Phenol Explorer Metabolite ID Not Available
          FoodDB ID FDB012804
          KNApSAcK ID C00001182 Link_out
          Chemspider ID 278 Link_out
          KEGG Compound ID C00058 Link_out
          BioCyc ID FORMATE Link_out
          BiGG ID 33693 Link_out
          Wikipedia Link Formic acid Link_out
          NuGOwiki Link HMDB00142 Link_out
          Metagene Link HMDB00142 Link_out
          METLIN ID 3202 Link_out
          PubChem Compound 284 Link_out
          PDB ID FMT Link_out
          ChEBI ID 30751 Link_out
          References
          Synthesis Reference Finholt, Albert E.; Jacobson, Eugene C. The reduction of carbon dioxide to formic acid with lithium aluminum hydride. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1952), 74 3943-4.
          Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Download (PDF)
          General References
          1. Ohmori S, Sumii I, Toyonaga Y, Nakata K, Kawase M: High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of formate as benzimidazole in biological samples. J Chromatogr. 1988 Apr 8;426(1):15-24. Pubmed: 3384868 Link_out
          2. Dal Pra I, Chiarini A, Boschi A, Freddi G, Armato U: Novel dermo-epidermal equivalents on silk fibroin-based formic acid-crosslinked three-dimensional nonwoven devices with prospective applications in human tissue engineering/regeneration/repair. Int J Mol Med. 2006 Aug;18(2):241-7. Pubmed: 16820930 Link_out
          3. Igeta Y, Kawarabayashi T, Sato M, Yamada N, Matsubara E, Ishiguro K, Kanai M, Tomidokoro Y, Osuga J, Okamoto K, Hirai S, Shoji M: Apolipoprotein E accumulates with the progression of A beta deposition in transgenic mice. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1997 Nov;56(11):1228-35. Pubmed: 9370233 Link_out
          4. Kerns W 2nd, Tomaszewski C, McMartin K, Ford M, Brent J: Formate kinetics in methanol poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2002;40(2):137-43. Pubmed: 12126185 Link_out
          5. Nagasawa H, Wada M, Koyama S, Kawanami T, Kurita K, Kato T: [A case of methanol intoxication with optic neuropathy visualized on STIR sequence of MR images] Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2005 Jul;45(7):527-30. Pubmed: 16119839 Link_out
          6. Foulon V, Sniekers M, Huysmans E, Asselberghs S, Mahieu V, Mannaerts GP, Van Veldhoven PP, Casteels M: Breakdown of 2-hydroxylated straight chain fatty acids via peroxisomal 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase: a revised pathway for the alpha-oxidation of straight chain fatty acids. J Biol Chem. 2005 Mar 18;280(11):9802-12. Epub 2005 Jan 11. Pubmed: 15644336 Link_out
          7. Iwamoto N, Nishiyama E, Ohwada J, Arai H: Distribution of amyloid deposits in the cerebral white matter of the Alzheimer's disease brain: relationship to blood vessels. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1997 Apr;93(4):334-40. Pubmed: 9113198 Link_out
          8. Ferrari LA, Arado MG, Nardo CA, Giannuzzi L: Post-mortem analysis of formic acid disposition in acute methanol intoxication. Forensic Sci Int. 2003 Apr 23;133(1-2):152-8. Pubmed: 12742704 Link_out
          9. Tasaka Y, Nakaya F, Matsumoto H, Iwamoto Y, Omori Y: Pancreatic amylin content in human diabetic subjects and its relation to diabetes. Pancreas. 1995 Oct;11(3):303-8. Pubmed: 8577686 Link_out
          10. D'Andrea MR, Reiser PA, Polkovitch DA, Gumula NA, Branchide B, Hertzog BM, Schmidheiser D, Belkowski S, Gastard MC, Andrade-Gordon P: The use of formic acid to embellish amyloid plaque detection in Alzheimer's disease tissues misguides key observations. Neurosci Lett. 2003 May 15;342(1-2):114-8. Pubmed: 12727331 Link_out
          11. Nicholson JK, Foxall PJ, Spraul M, Farrant RD, Lindon JC: 750 MHz 1H and 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of human blood plasma. Anal Chem. 1995 Mar 1;67(5):793-811. Pubmed: 7762816 Link_out
          12. Berode M, Sethre T, Laubli T, Savolainen H: Urinary methanol and formic acid as indicators of occupational exposure to methyl formate. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2000 Aug;73(6):410-4. Pubmed: 11007345 Link_out
          13. Lehmann P, Kligman AM: In vivo removal of the horny layer with formic acid. Br J Dermatol. 1983 Sep;109(3):313-20. Pubmed: 6615718 Link_out
          14. Bales JR, Higham DP, Howe I, Nicholson JK, Sadler PJ: Use of high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for rapid multi-component analysis of urine. Clin Chem. 1984 Mar;30(3):426-32. Pubmed: 6321058 Link_out
          15. Dunne VG, Bhattachayya S, Besser M, Rae C, Griffin JL: Metabolites from cerebrospinal fluid in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage correlate with vasospasm and clinical outcome: a pattern-recognition 1H NMR study. NMR Biomed. 2005 Feb;18(1):24-33. Pubmed: 15455468 Link_out
          16. Bloomer JC, Clarke SE, Chenery RJ: Determination of P4501A2 activity in human liver microsomes using [3-14C-methyl]caffeine. Xenobiotica. 1995 Sep;25(9):917-27. Pubmed: 8553685 Link_out
          17. Grady S, Osterloh J: Improved enzymic assay for serum formate with colorimetric endpoint. J Anal Toxicol. 1986 Jan-Feb;10(1):1-5. Pubmed: 3754027 Link_out
          18. Baumann K, Angerer J: Occupational chronic exposure to organic solvents. VI. Formic acid concentration in blood and urine as an indicator of methanol exposure. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1979 Jan 15;42(3-4):241-9. Pubmed: 422265 Link_out
          19. Ferry DG, Temple WA, McQueen EG: Methanol monitoring. Comparison of urinary methanol concentration with formic acid excretion rate as a measure of occupational exposure. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1980;47(2):155-63. Pubmed: 7440001 Link_out
          Enzymes
          Name: Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase
          Reactions:
          • obtusifoliol + 3 O2 + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ = 4alpha-methyl-5alpha-ergosta-8,14,24(28)-trien-3beta-ol + formate + 3 NADP+ + 4 H2O [RN:R05731]
          Gene Name: CYP51A1
          Uniprot ID: Q16850 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Aspartoacylase
          Reactions:
          • N-acyl-L-aspartate + H2O = a carboxylate + L-aspartate [RN:R00546]
          Gene Name: ASPA
          Uniprot ID: P45381 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Aspartoacylase-2
          Reactions:
          • --- []
          Gene Name: ACY3
          Uniprot ID: Q96HD9 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: C-1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, cytoplasmic
          Reactions:
          • ATP + formate + tetrahydrofolate = ADP + phosphate + 10-formyltetrahydrofolate [RN:R00943]
          Gene Name: MTHFD1
          Uniprot ID: P11586 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: GTP cyclohydrolase 1
          Reactions:
          • GTP + H2O = formate + 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate [RN:R00424]
          Gene Name: GCH1
          Uniprot ID: P30793 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Cytochrome P450 3A4
          Reactions:
          • (1) taurochenodeoxycholate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = taurohyocholate + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R07205]
          • (2) lithocholate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = hyodeoxycholate + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R07206]
          Gene Name: CYP3A4
          Uniprot ID: P08684 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Cytochrome P450 2C9
          Reactions:
          • (R)-limonene + NADPH + H+ + O2 = (+)-trans-carveol + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R06119]
          Gene Name: CYP2C9
          Uniprot ID: P11712 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Cytochrome P450 2C19
          Reactions:
          • (R)-limonene + NADPH + H+ + O2 = (+)-trans-carveol + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R06119]
          Gene Name: CYP2C19
          Uniprot ID: P33261 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Peptide deformylase, mitochondrial
          Reactions:
          • formyl-L-methionyl peptide + H2O = formate + methionyl peptide [RN:R05635]
          Gene Name: PDF
          Uniprot ID: Q9HBH1 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Cytochrome P450 2E1
          Reactions:
          • --- []
          Gene Name: CYP2E1
          Uniprot ID: P05181 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Cytochrome P450 3A43
          Reactions:
          • RH + reduced flavoprotein + O2 = ROH + oxidized flavoprotein + H2O [RN:R04122]
          Gene Name: CYP3A43
          Uniprot ID: Q9HB55 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Cytochrome P450 1B1
          Reactions:
          • RH + reduced flavoprotein + O2 = ROH + oxidized flavoprotein + H2O [RN:R04122]
          Gene Name: CYP1B1
          Uniprot ID: Q16678 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Cytochrome P450 2C18
          Reactions:
          • RH + reduced flavoprotein + O2 = ROH + oxidized flavoprotein + H2O [RN:R04122]
          Gene Name: CYP2C18
          Uniprot ID: P33260 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Cytochrome P450 2F1
          Reactions:
          • RH + reduced flavoprotein + O2 = ROH + oxidized flavoprotein + H2O [RN:R04122]
          Gene Name: CYP2F1
          Uniprot ID: P24903 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Cytochrome P450 4X1
          Reactions:
          • RH + reduced flavoprotein + O2 = ROH + oxidized flavoprotein + H2O [RN:R04122]
          Gene Name: CYP4X1
          Uniprot ID: Q8N118 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Cytochrome P450 2B6
          Reactions:
          • RH + reduced flavoprotein + O2 = ROH + oxidized flavoprotein + H2O [RN:R04122]
          Gene Name: CYP2B6
          Uniprot ID: P20813 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Cytochrome P450 3A5
          Reactions:
          • RH + reduced flavoprotein + O2 = ROH + oxidized flavoprotein + H2O [RN:R04122]
          Gene Name: CYP3A5
          Uniprot ID: P20815 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Cytochrome P450 2A13
          Reactions:
          • RH + reduced flavoprotein + O2 = ROH + oxidized flavoprotein + H2O [RN:R04122]
          Gene Name: CYP2A13
          Uniprot ID: Q16696 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Cytochrome P450 3A7
          Reactions:
          • RH + reduced flavoprotein + O2 = ROH + oxidized flavoprotein + H2O [RN:R04122]
          Gene Name: CYP3A7
          Uniprot ID: P24462 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Cytochrome P450 4B1
          Reactions:
          • RH + reduced flavoprotein + O2 = ROH + oxidized flavoprotein + H2O [RN:R04122]
          Gene Name: CYP4B1
          Uniprot ID: P13584 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Cytochrome P450 4Z1
          Reactions:
          • RH + reduced flavoprotein + O2 = ROH + oxidized flavoprotein + H2O [RN:R04122]
          Gene Name: CYP4Z1
          Uniprot ID: Q86W10 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Cytochrome P450 1A2
          Reactions:
          • RH + reduced flavoprotein + O2 = ROH + oxidized flavoprotein + H2O [RN:R04122]
          Gene Name: CYP1A2
          Uniprot ID: P05177 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Cytochrome P450 19A1
          Reactions:
          • RH + reduced flavoprotein + O2 = ROH + oxidized flavoprotein + H2O [RN:R04122]
          Gene Name: CYP19A1
          Uniprot ID: P11511 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Cytochrome P450 2C8
          Reactions:
          • RH + reduced flavoprotein + O2 = ROH + oxidized flavoprotein + H2O [RN:R04122]
          Gene Name: CYP2C8
          Uniprot ID: P10632 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Cytochrome P450 2S1
          Reactions:
          • RH + reduced flavoprotein + O2 = ROH + oxidized flavoprotein + H2O [RN:R04122]
          Gene Name: CYP2S1
          Uniprot ID: Q96SQ9 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Cytochrome P450 2J2
          Reactions:
          • RH + reduced flavoprotein + O2 = ROH + oxidized flavoprotein + H2O [RN:R04122]
          Gene Name: CYP2J2
          Uniprot ID: P51589 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Cytochrome P450 2A7
          Reactions:
          • RH + reduced flavoprotein + O2 = ROH + oxidized flavoprotein + H2O [RN:R04122]
          Gene Name: CYP2A7
          Uniprot ID: P20853 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Cytochrome P450 2A6
          Reactions:
          • RH + reduced flavoprotein + O2 = ROH + oxidized flavoprotein + H2O [RN:R04122]
          Gene Name: CYP2A6
          Uniprot ID: P11509 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Monofunctional C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, mitochondrial
          Reactions:
          • ATP + formate + tetrahydrofolate = ADP + phosphate + 10-formyltetrahydrofolate [RN:R00943]
          Gene Name: MTHFD1L
          Uniprot ID: Q6UB35 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 2, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase
          Reactions:
            Gene Name: MTHFD2
            Uniprot ID: Q7Z650 Link_out
            Protein Sequence: FASTA
            Gene Sequence: FASTA
            Name: Probable arylformamidase
            Reactions:
            • N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = formate + L-kynurenine [RN:R01959]
            Gene Name: AFMID
            Uniprot ID: Q63HM1 Link_out
            Protein Sequence: FASTA
            Gene Sequence: FASTA
            Name: Cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1
            Reactions:
              Gene Name: CYP1A1
              Uniprot ID: A0N0X8 Link_out
              Protein Sequence: FASTA
              Gene Sequence: FASTA
              Name: Cytochrome P450 2D6
              Reactions:
                Gene Name: CYP2D6
                Uniprot ID: Q6NWU0 Link_out
                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                Gene Sequence: FASTA