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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:51 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:53 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0015153
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB15153
Metabolite Identification
Common NameGuanfacine
DescriptionGuanfacine, also known as estulic or SPD 503, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dichlorobenzenes. Dichlorobenzenes are compounds containing a benzene with exactly two chlorine atoms attached to it. In 1986, guanfacine was approved by the FDA for the treatment of hypertension under the brand name Tenex (Drugs@FDA). It is available as a generic medication. Guanfacine is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Other side effect may include anxiety, low blood pressure, depression, and urinary problems.
Structure
Data?1582753264
Synonyms
ValueSource
EstulicKegg
SPD 503HMDB
Monohydrochloride, guanfacineHMDB
Guanfacine monohydrochlorideHMDB
TenexHMDB
Hydrochloride, guanfacineHMDB
Guanfacine hydrochlorideHMDB
Chemical FormulaC9H9Cl2N3O
Average Molecular Weight246.093
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight245.012267339
IUPAC NameN-carbamimidoyl-2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)acetamide
Traditional Nameguanfacine
CAS Registry Number29110-47-2
SMILES
NC(=N)NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C9H9Cl2N3O/c10-6-2-1-3-7(11)5(6)4-8(15)14-9(12)13/h1-3H,4H2,(H4,12,13,14,15)
InChI KeyINJOMKTZOLKMBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dichlorobenzenes. Dichlorobenzenes are compounds containing a benzene with exactly two chlorine atoms attached to it.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassBenzene and substituted derivatives
Sub ClassHalobenzenes
Direct ParentDichlorobenzenes
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • 1,3-dichlorobenzene
  • Aryl chloride
  • Aryl halide
  • Carboximidamide
  • Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
  • Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organochloride
  • Organohalogen compound
  • Imine
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point225 - 227 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.14 g/LNot Available
LogP1.7Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.14 g/LALOGPS
logP2.28ALOGPS
logP1.74ChemAxon
logS-3.2ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)12.94ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)6.65ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area78.97 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity69.63 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability21.75 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+149.92830932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-147.5730932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-181.4330932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+156.22730932474
AllCCS[M+H]+149.632859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+145.932859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+153.032859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+154.032859911
AllCCS[M-H]-147.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-148.332859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-149.032859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
GuanfacineNC(=N)NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl3452.5Standard polar33892256
GuanfacineNC(=N)NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl1807.9Standard non polar33892256
GuanfacineNC(=N)NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl2176.4Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Guanfacine,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)NC(=N)NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl2390.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)NC(=N)NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl2101.0Standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)NC(=N)NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl3900.0Standard polar33892256
Guanfacine,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N=C(N)NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl2181.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N=C(N)NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl2052.0Standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N=C(N)NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl3781.5Standard polar33892256
Guanfacine,1TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)N(C(=N)N)C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl2250.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,1TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)N(C(=N)N)C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl2142.4Standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,1TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)N(C(=N)N)C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl3837.4Standard polar33892256
Guanfacine,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N(C(=N)NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C2354.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N(C(=N)NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C2307.1Standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N(C(=N)NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C3410.4Standard polar33892256
Guanfacine,2TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N=C(NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)N[Si](C)(C)C2285.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,2TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N=C(NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)N[Si](C)(C)C2012.9Standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,2TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N=C(NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)N[Si](C)(C)C3515.7Standard polar33892256
Guanfacine,2TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)NC(=N)N(C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C2290.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,2TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)NC(=N)N(C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C2238.8Standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,2TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)NC(=N)N(C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C3359.5Standard polar33892256
Guanfacine,2TMS,isomer #4C[Si](C)(C)N=C(N)N(C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C2190.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,2TMS,isomer #4C[Si](C)(C)N=C(N)N(C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C2097.1Standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,2TMS,isomer #4C[Si](C)(C)N=C(N)N(C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C3534.3Standard polar33892256
Guanfacine,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N=C(NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2300.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N=C(NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2093.8Standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N=C(NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C3111.4Standard polar33892256
Guanfacine,3TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N(C(=N)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl2287.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,3TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N(C(=N)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl2417.5Standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,3TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N(C(=N)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl3061.3Standard polar33892256
Guanfacine,3TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)N=C(N[Si](C)(C)C)N(C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C2239.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,3TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)N=C(N[Si](C)(C)C)N(C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C2041.3Standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,3TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)N=C(N[Si](C)(C)C)N(C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C3007.3Standard polar33892256
Guanfacine,4TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N=C(N(C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2323.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,4TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N=C(N(C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2228.9Standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,4TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N=C(N(C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2626.5Standard polar33892256
Guanfacine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=N)NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl2662.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=N)NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl2350.2Standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=N)NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl3715.1Standard polar33892256
Guanfacine,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N=C(N)NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl2494.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N=C(N)NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl2273.2Standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N=C(N)NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl3750.6Standard polar33892256
Guanfacine,1TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C(=N)N)C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl2469.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,1TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C(=N)N)C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl2371.8Standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,1TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C(=N)N)C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl3761.0Standard polar33892256
Guanfacine,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C(=N)NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2782.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C(=N)NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2700.3Standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C(=N)NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3298.2Standard polar33892256
Guanfacine,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N=C(NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)N[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2764.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N=C(NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)N[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2402.0Standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N=C(NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)N[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3319.9Standard polar33892256
Guanfacine,2TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=N)N(C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2724.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,2TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=N)N(C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2657.3Standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,2TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=N)N(C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3254.8Standard polar33892256
Guanfacine,2TBDMS,isomer #4CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N=C(N)N(C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2650.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,2TBDMS,isomer #4CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N=C(N)N(C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2496.4Standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,2TBDMS,isomer #4CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N=C(N)N(C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3502.0Standard polar33892256
Guanfacine,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N=C(NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2973.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N=C(NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2639.5Standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N=C(NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3128.7Standard polar33892256
Guanfacine,3TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C(=N)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl2938.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,3TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C(=N)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl2970.4Standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,3TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C(=N)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl3128.1Standard polar33892256
Guanfacine,3TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N=C(N[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N(C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2897.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,3TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N=C(N[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N(C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2562.3Standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,3TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N=C(N[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N(C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3079.1Standard polar33892256
Guanfacine,4TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N=C(N(C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3146.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,4TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N=C(N(C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2955.4Standard non polar33892256
Guanfacine,4TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N=C(N(C(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2896.9Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Guanfacine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0a4l-5900000000-766dd9f92ab525fb3d7f2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Guanfacine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Guanfacine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-2190000000-f396a1e8e135a8e363572016-08-02Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Guanfacine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-06ri-2940000000-5a7460d90b0e4e64ca272016-08-02Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Guanfacine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-5900000000-722b0c3c89afd7b7ebab2016-08-02Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Guanfacine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-3190000000-3e0c32003f6e9cdb16222016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Guanfacine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0zfu-8590000000-95737b8dd85b7d5f09702016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Guanfacine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9100000000-e0d6699b8eaef7231c162016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Guanfacine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-3090000000-90afd0b6edebed6386b72021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Guanfacine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-01ox-9000000000-17eb76d0d1e99836e5572021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Guanfacine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4l-4900000000-680156efc4df06b145b62021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Guanfacine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0f6x-0190000000-02a925b95a2650e926582021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Guanfacine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0pc3-2960000000-ec4836343fd084b9aa0c2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Guanfacine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9200000000-9b0988ced8204ad0f3fc2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01018 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01018 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB01018
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID3399
KEGG Compound IDC07037
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkGuanfacine
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound3519
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID166029
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General ReferencesNot Available

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide.
Gene Name:
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID:
P08684
Molecular weight:
57255.585
References
  1. Clement B, Demesmaeker M: Microsomal catalyzed N-hydroxylation of guanfacine and reduction of N-hydroxyguanfacine. Arch Pharm (Weinheim). 1997 Oct;330(9-10):303-6. [PubMed:9396389 ]
  2. Guillouzo A, Le Bigot JF, Guguen-Guillouzo C, Kiechel JR: Presence of phase I and phase II drug metabolizing enzymes in cultured human foetal hepatocytes. Biochem Pharmacol. 1982 Jul 15;31(14):2427-30. [PubMed:6751332 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan.
Gene Name:
CYP2C9
Uniprot ID:
P11712
Molecular weight:
55627.365
References
  1. Clement B, Demesmaeker M: Microsomal catalyzed N-hydroxylation of guanfacine and reduction of N-hydroxyguanfacine. Arch Pharm (Weinheim). 1997 Oct;330(9-10):303-6. [PubMed:9396389 ]
  2. Guillouzo A, Le Bigot JF, Guguen-Guillouzo C, Kiechel JR: Presence of phase I and phase II drug metabolizing enzymes in cultured human foetal hepatocytes. Biochem Pharmacol. 1982 Jul 15;31(14):2427-30. [PubMed:6751332 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine.
Gene Name:
CYP2C19
Uniprot ID:
P33261
Molecular weight:
55944.565
References
  1. Clement B, Demesmaeker M: Microsomal catalyzed N-hydroxylation of guanfacine and reduction of N-hydroxyguanfacine. Arch Pharm (Weinheim). 1997 Oct;330(9-10):303-6. [PubMed:9396389 ]
  2. Guillouzo A, Le Bigot JF, Guguen-Guillouzo C, Kiechel JR: Presence of phase I and phase II drug metabolizing enzymes in cultured human foetal hepatocytes. Biochem Pharmacol. 1982 Jul 15;31(14):2427-30. [PubMed:6751332 ]
General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine- induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is oxymetazoline > clonidine > epinephrine > norepinephrine > phenylephrine > dopamine > p-synephrine > p-tyramine > serotonin = p-octopamine. For antagonists, the rank order is yohimbine > phentolamine = mianserine > chlorpromazine = spiperone = prazosin > propanolol > alprenolol = pindolol
Gene Name:
ADRA2A
Uniprot ID:
P08913
Molecular weight:
48956.3
References
  1. Avery RA, Franowicz JS, Studholme C, van Dyck CH, Arnsten AF: The alpha-2A-adrenoceptor agonist, guanfacine, increases regional cerebral blood flow in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of monkeys performing a spatial working memory task. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2000 Sep;23(3):240-9. [PubMed:10942848 ]
  2. Sagvolden T: The alpha-2A adrenoceptor agonist guanfacine improves sustained attention and reduces overactivity and impulsiveness in an animal model of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Behav Brain Funct. 2006 Dec 15;2:41. [PubMed:17173664 ]
  3. Yuan R, Wu Z, Kostenyuk IA, Burns JK: G-protein-coupled alpha2A-adrenoreceptor agonists differentially alter citrus leaf and fruit abscission by affecting expression of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase. J Exp Bot. 2005 Jul;56(417):1867-75. Epub 2005 May 31. [PubMed:15928018 ]
  4. Birnbaum SG, Podell DM, Arnsten AF: Noradrenergic alpha-2 receptor agonists reverse working memory deficits induced by the anxiogenic drug, FG7142, in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2000 Nov;67(3):397-403. [PubMed:11164065 ]
  5. Millan MJ: Evidence that an alpha 2A-adrenoceptor subtype mediates antinociception in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 1992 May 14;215(2-3):355-6. [PubMed:1356794 ]
  6. Stahl SM: Mechanism of action of alpha 2A-adrenergic agonists in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with or without oppositional symptoms. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010 Mar;71(3):223-4. doi: 10.4088/JCP.09bs05899pur. [PubMed:20331927 ]