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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for L-Histidine (HMDB00177)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 15:48:42
Update Date 2009-09-09 09:41:31
Accession Number HMDB00177
Secondary Accession Numbers HMDB03412
Common Name L-Histidine
Description Histidine is an essential amino acid for infants but not adults. Infants four to six months old require 33 mg/kg of histidine. It is not clear how adults make small amounts of histidine, and dietary sources probably account for most of the histidine in the body. Inborn errors of histidine metabolism exist and are marked by increased histidine levels in the blood. Elevated blood histidine is accompanied by a wide range of symptoms, from mental and physical retardation to poor intellectual functioning, emotional instability, tremor, ataxia and psychosis. Histidine in medical therapies has its most promising trials in rheumatoid arthritis where up to 4.5 g daily have been used effectively in severely affected patients. Arthritis patients have been found to have low serum histidine levels, apparently because of too-rapid removal of histidine from their blood. Histidine and other imidazole compounds have anti-inflammatory properties. histidine may accomplish this function through a complex interaction with threonine or cysteine and possibly copper. However, copper is usually elevated in rheumatoid arthritis patients and worsens the disease. Other patients besides arthritis patients that have been found to be low in serum histidine are those with chronic renal failure. Histidine has been claimed to have been useful in hypertension because of its vasodilatory effects. Claims of its use to improve libido and counteract allergy are without proof at present. Histidine may have many other possible functions because it is the precursor of the ubiquitous neurohormone-neurotransmitter histamine. Histidine increases histamine in the blood and probably in the brain. Low blood histamine with low serum histidine occurs in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Low blood histamine also occurs in some manic, schizophrenic, high copper and hyperactive groups of psychiatric patients. Histidine is a useful therapy in all low histamine patients. ( http://www.dcnutrition.com )
Synonyms
  1. (S)-1H-Imidazole-4-alanine
  2. (S)-2-Amino-3-(4-imidazolyl)propionsaeure
  3. (S)-4-(2-Amino-2-carboxyethyl)imidazole
  4. (S)-Histidine
  5. (S)-a-Amino-1H-imidazole-4-propanoate
  6. (S)-a-Amino-1H-imidazole-4-propanoic acid
  7. (S)-alpha-Amino-1H-imidazole-4-propanoate
  8. (S)-alpha-Amino-1H-imidazole-4-propanoic acid
  9. (S)-alpha-Amino-1H-imidazole-4-propionate
  10. (S)-alpha-Amino-1H-imidazole-4-propionic acid
  11. (S)1H-Imidazole-4-alanine
  12. 3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-L-Alanine
  13. Glyoxaline-5-alanine
  14. His
  15. Histidine
  16. L-(-)-Histidine
  17. amino-1H-imidazole-4-propanoate
  18. amino-1H-imidazole-4-propanoic acid
  19. amino-4-imidazoleproprionate
  20. amino-4-imidazoleproprionic acid
Chemical IUPAC Name 2-amino-3-(3H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid
Chemical Formula C6H9N3O2
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Amino acids and Amino Acid conjugates
Class
  • Amino Acids
Sub Class
  • NA
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • primary amine
  • primary aliphatic amine (alkylamine)
  • carboxylic acid
  • aromatic compound
  • heterocyclic compound
  • alpha-aminoacid
Biofunction
  • Essential amino acids
  • semi-essential amino acids
  • Essential amino acid
  • Component of Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis
  • Component of Histidine metabolism
  • Component of Nitrogen metabolism
Application
—
Source
  • Exogenous
Average Molecular Weight 155.155
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 155.069473
Isomeric SMILES N[C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)C(O)=O
Canonical SMILES NC(CC1=CNC=N1)C(O)=O
KEGG Compound ID C00135 Link Image
BioCyc ID HIS Link Image
BiGG ID 33985 Link Image
Wikipedia Link L-Histidine Link Image
NuGOwiki Link HMDB00177 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB00177 Link Image
METLIN ID 21 Link Image
PubChem Compound 6274 Link Image
PubChem Substance 8023160 Link Image
ChEBI ID 15971 Link Image
CAS Registry Number 71-00-1
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C6H9N3O2/c7-5(6(10)11)1-4-2-8-3-9-4/h2-3,5H,1,7H2,(H,8,9)(H,10,11)/t5-/m0/s1
Synthesis Reference Aurelio Luigi; Brownlee Robert T C; Hughes Andrew B A novel synthesis of N-methyl asparagine, arginine, histidine, and tryptophan. Organic letters (2002), 4(21), 3767-9.
Melting Point (Experimental) 287 oC
Experimental Water Solubility 45.6 mg/mL [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)] Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 71.3 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge 0
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity -3.32 [CHMELIK,J ET AL. (1991)] Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity -2.67 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; -3.4 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
MOL File Show Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID 1KAH Link Image
Experimental PDB File Show
Experimental PDB Structure
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Varian)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Bruker)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Bruker)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum
Low Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Medium Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
High Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Not Available
BMRB Spectrum Not Available
Cellular Location
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biofluid Location
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid
  • Saliva
  • Urine
Tissue Location
Tissue References
All Tissues —
Concentrations (Normal)
Biofluid Blood
Value 82.0 (72.0-92.0) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Cynober LA: Plasma amino acid levels with a note on membrane transport: characteristics, regulation, and metabolic significance. Nutrition. 2002 Sep;18(9):761-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 75.0 +/- 20.0 uM
Age Newborn:0-30 days old
Sex N/A
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 92. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid Blood
Value 86.0 +/- 10.0 uM
Age Children:1-13 yrs old
Sex Male
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 92. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid Blood
Value 89.0 +/- 11.0 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Male
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 92. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid Blood
Value 83.0 +/- 14.0 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Female
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 92. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid CSF
Value 11.9 +/- 1.7 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid CSF
Value 10.9 (10.4-11.4) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 20.7 +/- 7.5 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Peng CT, Wu KH, Lan SJ, Tsai JJ, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH: Amino acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2005 May;41(8):1158-63. Epub 2005 Apr 14. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 16.8 +/- 2.7 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Male
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Hagenfeldt L, Bjerkenstedt L, Edman G, Sedvall G, Wiesel FA: Amino acids in plasma and CSF and monoamine metabolites in CSF: interrelationship in healthy subjects. J Neurochem. 1984 Mar;42(3):833-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 18.6 +/- 3.3 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Female
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Hagenfeldt L, Bjerkenstedt L, Edman G, Sedvall G, Wiesel FA: Amino acids in plasma and CSF and monoamine metabolites in CSF: interrelationship in healthy subjects. J Neurochem. 1984 Mar;42(3):833-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 14.0 +/- 8.0 uM
Age N/A
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Wishart DS, Knox C, Guo AC, Eisner R, Young N, Gautam B, Hau DD, Psychogios N, Dong E, Bouatra S, Mandal R, Sinelnikov I, Xia J, Jia L, Cruz JA, Lim E, Sobsey CA, Shrivastava S, Huang P, Liu P, Fang L, Peng J, Fradette R, Cheng D, Tzur D, Clements M, Lewis A, De Souza A, Zuniga A, Dawe M, Xiong Y, Clive D, Greiner R, Nazyrova A, Shaykhutdinov R, Li L, Vogel HJ, Forsythe I: HMDB: a knowledgebase for the human metabolome. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Oct 25. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 16.4 +/- 6.1 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Mandal, R. et al. (in preparation)
Biofluid Saliva
Value >10 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Silwood CJ, Lynch E, Claxson AW, Grootveld MC: 1H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic analysis of human saliva. J Dent Res. 2002 Jun;81(6):422-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 194.90 +/- 144.31 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Infant:0-1 yr old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Shoemaker JD, Elliott WH: Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):125-38. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 87.2 (23.0-151.0) umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Doctor's Data
Biofluid Urine
Value 2.2 (1.18-3.4) umol/mmol creatinine
Age Newborn:0-30 days old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by Cornelius Lentner.
  • West Cadwell, N.J. : Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp.
  • Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid Urine
Value 31.0 +/- 15.0 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Children:1-13 yrs old
Sex Male
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by Cornelius Lentner.
  • West Cadwell, N.J. : Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp.
  • Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid Urine
Value 85.0 +/- 33.0 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Male
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by Cornelius Lentner.
  • West Cadwell, N.J. : Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp.
  • Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid Urine
Value 62.0 +/- 28.0 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Female
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by Cornelius Lentner.
  • West Cadwell, N.J. : Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp.
  • Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid Urine
Value 101.9 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Guo K, Li L: Differential (12)C-/(13)C-Isotope Dansylation Labeling and Fast Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for Absolute and Relative Quantification of the Metabolome. Anal Chem. 2009 Mar 23. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 47.12 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Male
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Shaykhutdinov RA, MacInnis GD, Dowlatabadi R, Weljie AM, Vogel HJ. Quantitative analysis of metabolite concentrations in human urine samples using 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy. Metabolomics. 2009
Concentrations (Abnormal)
Biofluid Blood
Value 67.0 (64.0-70.0) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Dengue fever
Comments Not Available
References
  • Klassen P, Furst P, Schulz C, Mazariegos M, Solomons NW: Plasma free amino acid concentrations in healthy Guatemalan adults and in patients with classic dengue. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Mar;73(3):647-52. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 80.5 +/- 4.2 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Epilepsy
Comments Acute seizures
References
  • Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 107.0 +/- 6.5 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Epilepsy
Comments Refractory localization-related epilepsy (RLE)
References
  • Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 116.68 +/- 18.15 uM
Age Elderly:>65 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Alzheimer's disease
Comments Not Available
References
  • Fonteh AN, Harrington RJ, Tsai A, Liao P, Harrington MG: Free amino acid and dipeptide changes in the body fluids from Alzheimer's disease subjects. Amino Acids. 2007 Feb;32(2):213-24. Epub 2006 Oct 10. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 88.00 (56.00-120.00) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Histidinemia
Comments Not Available
References
Biofluid Blood
Value 885.00 (290.00-1420.00) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Histidinemia
Comments Not Available
References
Biofluid CSF
Value 130.0 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Histidinemia
Comments Not Available
References
  • Wevers RA, Engelke U, Wendel U, de Jong JG, Gabreels FJ, Heerschap A: Standardized method for high-resolution 1H-NMR of cerebrospinal fluid. Clin Chem. 1995 May;41(5):744-51. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 21.4 +/- 6.6 uM
Age Children:1-13 yrs old
Sex N/A
Condition Leukemia
Comments Not Available
References
  • Peng CT, Wu KH, Lan SJ, Tsai JJ, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH: Amino acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2005 May;41(8):1158-63. Epub 2005 Apr 14. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 10.3 +/- 3.7 uM
Age Children:1-13 yrs old
Sex N/A
Condition Leukemia
Comments Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) with Central Nervous System (CNS) disease
References
  • Peng CT, Wu KH, Lan SJ, Tsai JJ, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH: Amino acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2005 May;41(8):1158-63. Epub 2005 Apr 14. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 14.4 +/- 6.32 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Alzheimer's disease
Comments Not Available
References
  • Fonteh AN, Harrington RJ, Tsai A, Liao P, Harrington MG: Free amino acid and dipeptide changes in the body fluids from Alzheimer's disease subjects. Amino Acids. 2007 Feb;32(2):213-24. Epub 2006 Oct 10. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 13.00 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Histidinemia
Comments Not Available
References
Biofluid CSF
Value 95.00 (48.00-142.00) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Histidinemia
Comments Not Available
References
Biofluid Urine
Value 30.5 +/- 4.3 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Alzheimer's disease
Comments Not Available
References
  • Fonteh AN, Harrington RJ, Tsai A, Liao P, Harrington MG: Free amino acid and dipeptide changes in the body fluids from Alzheimer's disease subjects. Amino Acids. 2007 Feb;32(2):213-24. Epub 2006 Oct 10. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 112.00 (59.00-166.00) umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Histidinemia
Comments Not Available
References
Associated Disorders
Condition References
Alzheimer's disease
  • Fonteh AN, Harrington RJ, Tsai A, Liao P, Harrington MG: Free amino acid and dipeptide changes in the body fluids from Alzheimer's disease subjects. Amino Acids. 2007 Feb;32(2):213-24. Epub 2006 Oct 10. [PubMed Link Image]
Dengue fever
  • Klassen P, Furst P, Schulz C, Mazariegos M, Solomons NW: Plasma free amino acid concentrations in healthy Guatemalan adults and in patients with classic dengue. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Mar;73(3):647-52. [PubMed Link Image]
Epilepsy
  • Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24. [PubMed Link Image]
Histidinemia
  • 7729054
  • http://www.metagene.de/program/d.prg?mp=HISTIDINEMIA
  • http://www.metagene.de/program/d.prg?mp=HISTIDINURIA
Leukemia
  • Peng CT, Wu KH, Lan SJ, Tsai JJ, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH: Amino acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2005 May;41(8):1158-63. Epub 2005 Apr 14. [PubMed Link Image]
OMIM ID
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Ammonia Recycling SMP00009 Link Image map00910 Link Image
Histidine Metabolism SMP00044 Link Image map00340 Link Image
Transcription/Translation SMP00019 Link Image
General References
  1. Mukerji SK, Pimstone NR, Gandhi SN, Tan KT: Biochemical diagnosis and monitoring therapeutic modulation of disease activity in an unusual case of congenital erythropoietic porphyria. Clin Chem. 1985 Dec;31(12):1946-51. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Peng CT, Wu KH, Lan SJ, Tsai JJ, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH: Amino acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2005 May;41(8):1158-63. Epub 2005 Apr 14. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Cynober LA: Plasma amino acid levels with a note on membrane transport: characteristics, regulation, and metabolic significance. Nutrition. 2002 Sep;18(9):761-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Xiao B, Jing C, Kelly G, Walker PA, Muskett FW, Frenkiel TA, Martin SR, Sarma K, Reinberg D, Gamblin SJ, Wilson JR: Specificity and mechanism of the histone methyltransferase Pr-Set7. Genes Dev. 2005 Jun 15;19(12):1444-54. Epub 2005 Jun 2. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Churchill D, Yacoub JM, Siu KP, Symes A, Gault MH: Toxic nephropathy after low-dose methoxyflurane anesthesia: drug interaction with secobarbital? Can Med Assoc J. 1976 Feb 21;114(4):326-8, 333. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Wevers RA, Engelke U, Wendel U, de Jong JG, Gabreels FJ, Heerschap A: Standardized method for high-resolution 1H-NMR of cerebrospinal fluid. Clin Chem. 1995 May;41(5):744-51. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Sieja K, Stanosz S, von Mach-Szczypinski J, Olewniczak S, Stanosz M: Concentration of histamine in serum and tissues of the primary ductal breast cancers in women. Breast. 2005 Jun;14(3):236-41. Epub 2005 Jan 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Silwood CJ, Lynch E, Claxson AW, Grootveld MC: 1H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic analysis of human saliva. J Dent Res. 2002 Jun;81(6):422-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Shoemaker JD, Elliott WH: Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):125-38. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Masini E, Fabbroni V, Giannini L, Vannacci A, Messerini L, Perna F, Cortesini C, Cianchi F: Histamine and histidine decarboxylase up-regulation in colorectal cancer: correlation with tumor stage. Inflamm Res. 2005 Apr;54 Suppl 1:S80-1. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Klassen P, Furst P, Schulz C, Mazariegos M, Solomons NW: Plasma free amino acid concentrations in healthy Guatemalan adults and in patients with classic dengue. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Mar;73(3):647-52. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Nicholson JK, O'Flynn MP, Sadler PJ, Macleod AF, Juul SM, Sonksen PH: Proton-nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies of serum, plasma and urine from fasting normal and diabetic subjects. Biochem J. 1984 Jan 15;217(2):365-75. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Xiao YP, Han CB, Mao XY, Li JY, Xu L, Ren CS, Xin Y: Relationship between abnormality of FHIT gene and EBV infection in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Jun 7;11(21):3212-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Mason AB, Halbrooks PJ, James NG, Connolly SA, Larouche JR, Smith VC, MacGillivray RT, Chasteen ND: Mutational analysis of C-lobe ligands of human serum transferrin: insights into the mechanism of iron release. Biochemistry. 2005 Jun 7;44(22):8013-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Janknecht R, Hipskind RA, Houthaeve T, Nordheim A, Stunnenberg HG: Identification of multiple SRF N-terminal phosphorylation sites affecting DNA binding properties. EMBO J. 1992 Mar;11(3):1045-54. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Hagenfeldt L, Bjerkenstedt L, Edman G, Sedvall G, Wiesel FA: Amino acids in plasma and CSF and monoamine metabolites in CSF: interrelationship in healthy subjects. J Neurochem. 1984 Mar;42(3):833-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Wikipedia Link Image
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase
  2. Beta-Ala-His dipeptidase
  3. Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 3
  4. Probable histidyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial
  5. Histidyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic
  6. Histidine ammonia-lyase
  7. Histidine decarboxylase
  8. Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3
  9. Solute carrier family 38, member 3, isoform CRA_b
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 5510
Enzyme 1 Name Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase
Enzyme 1 Synonyms
  1. AADC
  2. DOPA decarboxylase
  3. DDC
Enzyme 1 Gene Name DDC
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase 
MNASEFRRRGKEMVDYVANYMEGIEGRQVYPDVEPGYLRPLIPAAAPQEPDTFEDIINDV
EKIIMPGVTHWHSPYFFAYFPTASSYPAMLADMLCGAIGCIGFSWAASPACTELETVMMD
WLGKMLELPKAFLNEKAGEGGGVIQGSASEATLVALLAARTKVIHRLQAASPELTQAAIM
EKLVAYSSDQAHSSVERAGLIGGVKLKAIPSDGNFAMRASALQEALERDKAAGLIPFFMV
ATLGTTTCCSFDNLLEVGPICNKEDIWLHVDAAYAGSAFICPEFRHLLNGVEFADSFNFN
PHKWLLVNFDCSAMWVKKRTDLTGAFRLDPTYLKHSHQDSGLITDYRHWQIPLGRRFRSL
KMWFVFRMYGVKGLQAYIRKHVQLSHEFESLVRQDPRFEICVEVILGLVCFRLKGSNKVN
EALLQRINSAKKIHLVPCHLRDKFVLRFAICSRTVESAHVQRAWEHIKELAADVLRAERE
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 480
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 53893.8
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 7.21
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • carbon-carbon lyase activity
  • carboxy-lyase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • cofactor binding
  • lyase activity
  • pyridoxal phosphate binding
Process
  • carboxylic acid metabolic process
  • cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process
  • cellular metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • organic acid metabolic process
  • oxoacid metabolic process
Component
—
Enzyme 1 General Function Involved in carboxy-lyase activity
Enzyme 1 Specific Function Catalyzes the decarboxylation of L-3,4- dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) to dopamine, L-5-hydroxytryptophan to serotonin and L-tryptophan to tryptamine
Enzyme 1 Pathways
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • (1) 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine = dopamine + CO2 [RN:R02080]
  • (2) 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan = 5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2 [RN:R02701]
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P20711 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name DDC_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID 1JS3 Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB File Show
Enzyme 1 3D Structure
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >1443 bp 
ATGAACGCAAGTGAATTCCGAAGGAGAGGGAAGGAGATGGTGGATTACGTGGCCAACTAC
ATGGAAGGCATTGAGGGACGCCAGGTCTACCCTGACGTGGAGCCCGGGTACCTGCGGCCG
CTGATCCCTGCCGCTGCCCCTCAGGAGCCAGACACGTTTGAGGACATCATCAACGACGTT
GAGAAGATAATCATGCCTGGGGTGACGCACTGGCACAGCCCCTACTTCTTCGCCTACTTC
CCCACTGCCAGCTCGTACCCGGCCATGCTTGCGGACATGCTGTGCGGGGCCATTGGCTGC
ATCGGCTTCTCCTGGGCGGCAAGCCCAGCATGCACAGAGCTGGAGACTGTGATGATGGAC
TGGCTCGGGAAGATGCTGGAACTACCAAAGGCATTTTTGAATGAGAAAGCTGGAGAAGGG
GGAGGAGTGATCCAGGGAAGTGCCAGTGAAGCCACCCTGGTGGCCCTGCTGGCCGCTCGG
ACCAAAGTGATCCATCGGCTGCAGGCAGCGTCCCCAGAGCTCACACAGGCCGCTATCATG
GAGAAGCTGGTGGCTTACTCATCCGATCAGGCACACTCCTCAGTGGAAAGAGCTGGGTTA
ATTGGTGGAGTGAAATTAAAAGCCATCCCCTCAGATGGCAACTTCGCCATGCGTGCGTCT
GCCCTGCAGGAAGCCCTGGAGAGAGACAAAGCGGCTGGCCTGATTCCTTTCTTTATGGTT
GCCACCCTGGGGACCACAACATGCTGCTCCTTTGACAATCTCTTAGAAGTCGGTCCTATC
TGCAACAAGGAAGACATATGGCTGCACGTTGATGCAGCCTACGCAGGCAGTGCATTCATC
TGCCCTGAGTTCCGGCACCTTCTGAATGGAGTGGAGTTTGCAGATTCATTCAACTTTAAT
CCCCACAAATGGCTATTGGTGAATTTTGACTGTTCTGCCATGTGGGTGAAAAAGAGAACA
GACTTAACGGGAGCCTTTAGACTGGACCCCACTTACCTGAAGCACAGCCATCAGGATTCA
GGGCTTATCACTGACTACCGGCATTGGCAGATACCACTGGGCAGAAGATTTCGCTCTTTG
AAAATGTGGTTTGTATTTAGGATGTATGGAGTCAAAGGACTGCAGGCTTATATCCGCAAG
CATGTCCAGCTGTCCCATGAGTTTGAGTCACTGGTGCGCCAGGATCCCCGCTTTGAAATC
TGTGTGGAAGTCATTCTGGGGCTTGTCTGCTTTCGGCTAAAGGGTTCCAACAAAGTGAAT
GAAGCTCTTCTGCAAAGAATAAACAGTGCCAAAAAAATCCACTTGGTTCCATGTCACCTC
AGGGACAAGTTTGTCCTGCGCTTTGCCATCTGTTCTCGCACGGTGGAATCTGCCCATGTG
CAGCGGGCCTGGGAACACATCAAAGAGCTGGCGGCCGACGTGCTGCGAGCAGAGAGGGAG
TAG
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID M76180 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID DDC Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID DDC Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:2719 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location 7
Enzyme 1 Locus 7p12.2
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Ichinose H, Kurosawa Y, Titani K, Fujita K, Nagatsu T: Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone encoding human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Nov 15;164(3):1024-30. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Scherer LJ, McPherson JD, Wasmuth JJ, Marsh JL: Human dopa decarboxylase: localization to human chromosome 7p11 and characterization of hepatic cDNAs. Genomics. 1992 Jun;13(2):469-71. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Sumi-Ichinose C, Ichinose H, Takahashi E, Hori T, Nagatsu T: Molecular cloning of genomic DNA and chromosomal assignment of the gene for human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, the enzyme for catecholamine and serotonin biosynthesis. Biochemistry. 1992 Mar 3;31(8):2229-38. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Graves TA, Pepin KH, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Maas J, Jaeger S, Walker R, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, O'Laughlin MD, Schaller ME, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Cordes M, Du H, Sun H, Edwards J, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Andrews S, Isak A, Vanbrunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Lamar B, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Bielicki L, Scott K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Harris A, Strong CM, Hou S, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Leonard S, Rohlfing T, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Abbott A, Minx P, Maupin R, Strowmatt C, Latreille P, Miller N, Johnson D, Murray J, Woessner JP, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Schultz BR, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Nelson JO, Berkowicz N, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Bedell JA, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Chissoe SL, Marra MA, Raymond C, Haugen E, Gillett W, Zhou Y, James R, Phelps K, Iadanoto S, Bubb K, Simms E, Levy R, Clendenning J, Kaul R, Kent WJ, Furey TS, Baertsch RA, Brent MR, Keibler E, Flicek P, Bork P, Suyama M, Bailey JA, Portnoy ME, Torrents D, Chinwalla AT, Gish WR, Eddy SR, McPherson JD, Olson MV, Eichler EE, Green ED, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7. Nature. 2003 Jul 10;424(6945):157-64. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Le Van Thai A, Coste E, Allen JM, Palmiter RD, Weber MJ: Identification of a neuron-specific promoter of human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase gene. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1993 Mar;17(3-4):227-38. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Craig SP, Thai AL, Weber M, Craig IW: Localisation of the gene for human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (DDC) to chromosome 7p13-->p11 by in situ hybridisation. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1992;61(2):114-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Chang YT, Sharma R, Marsh JL, McPherson JD, Bedell JA, Knust A, Brautigam C, Hoffmann GF, Hyland K: Levodopa-responsive aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency. Ann Neurol. 2004 Mar;55(3):435-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Pons R, Ford B, Chiriboga CA, Clayton PT, Hinton V, Hyland K, Sharma R, De Vivo DC: Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency: clinical features, treatment, and prognosis. Neurology. 2004 Apr 13;62(7):1058-65. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 5713
Enzyme 2 Name Beta-Ala-His dipeptidase
Enzyme 2 Synonyms
  1. CNDP dipeptidase 1
  2. Carnosine dipeptidase 1
  3. Glutamate carboxypeptidase-like protein 2
  4. Serum carnosinase
Enzyme 2 Gene Name CNDP1
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >Beta-Ala-His dipeptidase 
MDPKLGRMAASLLAVLLLLLERGMFSSPSPPPALLEKVFQYIDLHQDEFVQTLKEWVAIE
SDSVQPVPRFRQELFRMMAVAADTLQRLGARVASVDMGPQQLPDGQSLPIPPVILAELGS
DPTKGTVCFYGHLDVQPADRGDGWLTDPYVLTEVDGKLYGRGATDNKGPVLAWINAVSAF
RALEQDLPVNIKFIIEGMEEAGSVALEELVEKEKDRFFSGVDYIVISDNLWISQRKPAIT
YGTRGNSYFMVEVKCRDQDFHSGTFGGILHEPMADLVALLGSLVDSSGHILVPGIYDEVV
PLTEEEINTYKAIHLDLEEYRNSSRVEKFLFDTKEEILMHLWRYPSLSIHGIEGAFDEPG
TKTVIPGRVIGKFSIRLVPHMNVSAVEKQVTRHLEDVFSKRNSSNKMVVSMTLGLHPWIA
NIDDTQYLAAKRAIRTVFGTEPDMIRDGSTIPIAKMFQEIVHKSVVLIPLGAVDDGEHSQ
NEKINRWNYIEGTKLFAAFFLEMAQLH
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 507
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 56691.6
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 4.95
Enzyme 2 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • hydrolase activity
  • metallopeptidase activity
  • peptidase activity
  • peptidase activity, acting on L-amino acid peptides
  • protein binding
Process
  • macromolecule metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • protein metabolic process
  • proteolysis
Component
—
Enzyme 2 General Function Involved in metallopeptidase activity
Enzyme 2 Specific Function Preferential hydrolysis of the beta-Ala-|-His dipeptide (carnosine), and also anserine, Xaa-|-His dipeptides and other dipeptides including homocarnosine
Enzyme 2 Pathways
Enzyme 2 Reactions
  • Preferential hydrolysis of the beta-Ala!His dipeptide (carnosine), and also anserine, Xaa!His dipeptides and other dipeptides including homocarnosine [RN:R01166 R03288] ALL_REAC R01166 R03288 COFACTOR Citrate [CPD:C00158]
  • Cadmium [CPD:C01413]
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • 1-26
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein 21071039 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q96KN2 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name CNDP1_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence >1524 bp 
ATGGATCCCAAACTCGGGAGAATGGCTGCGTCCCTGCTGGCTGTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTG
GAGCGCGGCATGTTCTCCTCACCCTCCCCGCCCCCGGCGCTGTTAGAGAAAGTCTTCCAG
TACATTGACCTCCATCAGGATGAATTTGTGCAGACGCTGAAGGAGTGGGTGGCCATCGAG
AGCGACTCTGTCCAGCCTGTGCCTCGCTTCAGACAAGAGCTCTTCAGAATGATGGCCGTG
GCTGCGGACACGCTGCAGCGCCTGGGGGCCCGTGTGGCCTCGGTGGACATGGGTCCTCAG
CAGCTGCCCGATGGTCAGAGTCTTCCAATACCTCCCGTCATCCTGGCCGAACTGGGGAGC
GATCCCACGAAAGGCACCGTGTGCTTCTACGGCCACTTGGACGTGCAGCCTGCTGACCGG
GGCGATGGGTGGCTCACGGACCCCTATGTGCTGACGGAGGTAGACGGGAAACTTTATGGA
CGAGGAGCGACCGACAACAAAGGCCCTGTCTTGGCTTGGATCAATGCTGTGAGCGCCTTC
AGAGCCCTGGAGCAAGATCTTCCTGTGAATATCAAATTCATCATTGAGGGGATGGAAGAG
GCTGGCTCTGTTGCCCTGGAGGAACTTGTGGAAAAAGAAAAGGACCGATTCTTCTCTGGT
GTGGACTACATTGTAATTTCAGATAACCTGTGGATCAGCCAAAGGAAGCCAGCAATCACT
TACGGAACCCGGGGGAACAGCTACTTCATGGTGGAGGTGAAATGCAGAGACCAGGATTTT
CACTCAGGAACCTTTGGTGGCATCCTTCATGAACCAATGGCTGATCTGGTTGCTCTTCTC
GGTAGCCTGGTAGACTCGTCTGGTCATATCCTGGTCCCTGGAATCTATGATGAAGTGGTT
CCTCTTACAGAAGAGGAAATAAATACATACAAAGCCATCCATCTAGACCTAGAAGAATAC
CGGAATAGCAGCCGGGTTGAGAAATTTCTGTTCGATACTAAGGAGGAGATTCTAATGCAC
CTCTGGAGGTACCCATCTCTTTCTATTCATGGGATCGAGGGCGCGTTTGATGAGCCTGGA
ACTAAAACAGTCATACCTGGCCGAGTTATAGGAAAATTTTCAATCCGTCTAGTCCCTCAC
ATGAATGTGTCTGCGGTGGAAAAACAGGTGACACGACATCTTGAAGATGTGTTCTCCAAA
AGAAATAGTTCCAACAAGATGGTTGTTTCCATGACTCTAGGACTACACCCGTGGATTGCA
AATATTGATGACACCCAGTATCTCGCAGCAAAAAGAGCGATCAGAACAGTGTTTGGAACA
GAACCAGATATGATCCGGGATGGATCCACCATTCCAATTGCCAAAATGTTCCAGGAGATC
GTCCACAAGAGCGTGGTGCTAATTCCGCTGGGAGCTGTTGATGATGGAGAACATTCGCAG
AATGAGAAAATCAACAGGTGGAACTACATAGAGGGAACCAAATTATTTGCTGCCTTTTTC
TTAGAGATGGCCCAGCTCCATTAA
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID NM_032649.5 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID CNDP1 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID CNDP1 Link Image
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID HGNC:20675 Link Image
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 2 Locus 18q22.3
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References
  1. Janssen B, Hohenadel D, Brinkkoetter P, Peters V, Rind N, Fischer C, Rychlik I, Cerna M, Romzova M, de Heer E, Baelde H, Bakker SJ, Zirie M, Rondeau E, Mathieson P, Saleem MA, Meyer J, Koppel H, Sauerhoefer S, Bartram CR, Nawroth P, Hammes HP, Yard BA, Zschocke J, van der Woude FJ: Carnosine as a protective factor in diabetic nephropathy: association with a leucine repeat of the carnosinase gene CNDP1. Diabetes. 2005 Aug;54(8):2320-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, Baker K, Baldwin D, Brush J, Chen J, Chow B, Chui C, Crowley C, Currell B, Deuel B, Dowd P, Eaton D, Foster J, Grimaldi C, Gu Q, Hass PE, Heldens S, Huang A, Kim HS, Klimowski L, Jin Y, Johnson S, Lee J, Lewis L, Liao D, Mark M, Robbie E, Sanchez C, Schoenfeld J, Seshagiri S, Simmons L, Singh J, Smith V, Stinson J, Vagts A, Vandlen R, Watanabe C, Wieand D, Woods K, Xie MH, Yansura D, Yi S, Yu G, Yuan J, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Goddard A, Wood WI, Godowski P, Gray A: The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment. Genome Res. 2003 Oct;13(10):2265-70. Epub 2003 Sep 15. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Lenney JF, George RP, Weiss AM, Kucera CM, Chan PW, Rinzler GS: Human serum carnosinase: characterization, distinction from cellular carnosinase, and activation by cadmium. Clin Chim Acta. 1982 Aug 18;123(3):221-31. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Lenney JF, Peppers SC, Kucera CM, Sjaastad O: Homocarnosinosis: lack of serum carnosinase is the defect probably responsible for elevated brain and CSF homocarnosine. Clin Chim Acta. 1983 Aug 15;132(2):157-65. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Teufel M, Saudek V, Ledig JP, Bernhardt A, Boularand S, Carreau A, Cairns NJ, Carter C, Cowley DJ, Duverger D, Ganzhorn AJ, Guenet C, Heintzelmann B, Laucher V, Sauvage C, Smirnova T: Sequence identification and characterization of human carnosinase and a closely related non-specific dipeptidase. J Biol Chem. 2003 Feb 21;278(8):6521-31. Epub 2002 Dec 6. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Liu T, Qian WJ, Gritsenko MA, Camp DG 2nd, Monroe ME, Moore RJ, Smith RD: Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res. 2005 Nov-Dec;4(6):2070-80. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 3 [top]
Enzyme 3 ID 5714
Enzyme 3 Name Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 3
Enzyme 3 Synonyms
  1. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein methyltransferase-like protein 3
Enzyme 3 Gene Name PRMT3
Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence >Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 3 
MCSLASGATGGRGAVENEEDLPELSDSGDEAAWEDEDDADLPHGKQQTPCLFCNRLFTSA
EETFSHCKSEHQFNIDSMVHKHGLEFYGYIKLINFIRLKNPTVEYMNSIYNPVPWEKEEY
LKPVLEDDLLLQFDVEDLYEPVSVPFSYPNGLSENTSVVEKLKHMEARALSAEAALARAR
EDLQKMKQFAQDFVMHTDVRTCSSSTSVIADLQEDEDGVYFSSYGHYGIHEEMLKDKIRT
ESYRDFIYQNPHIFKDKVVLDVGCGTGILSMFAAKAGAKKVLGVDQSEILYQAMDIIRLN
KLEDTITLIKGKIEEVHLPVEKVDVIISEWMGYFLLFESMLDSVLYAKNKYLAKGGSVYP
DICTISLVAVSDVNKHADRIAFWDDVYGFKMSCMKKAVIPEAVVEVLDPKTLISEPCGIK
HIDCHTTSISDLEFSSDFTLKITRTSMCTAIAGYFDIYFEKNCHNRVVFSTGPQSTKTHW
KQTVFLLEKPFSVKAGEALKGKVTVHKNKKDPRSLTVTLTLNNSTQTYGLQ
Enzyme 3 Number of Residues 531
Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight 59902.7
Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI 5.00
Enzyme 3 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • ion binding
  • metal ion binding
  • methyltransferase activity
  • protein methyltransferase activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring one-carbon groups
  • transition metal ion binding
  • zinc ion binding
Process
  • macromolecule metabolic process
  • macromolecule modification
  • metabolic process
  • post-translational protein modification
  • protein amino acid alkylation
  • protein amino acid methylation
  • protein modification process
Component
  • cell part
  • cytoplasm
  • intracellular
  • intracellular part
Enzyme 3 General Function Involved in protein methyltransferase activity
Enzyme 3 Specific Function Methylates (mono and asymmetric dimethylation) the guanidino nitrogens of arginyl residues in some proteins
Enzyme 3 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 3 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 3 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 3 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein 45946104 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O60678 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ANM3_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB ID 1F3L Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB File Show
Enzyme 3 3D Structure
Enzyme 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence >1596 bp 
ATGTGCTCGTTAGCGTCAGGCGCTACCGGCGGCCGGGGCGCTGTGGAGAATGAGGAGGAC
CTGCCAGAACTGTCGGACAGCGGGGACGAGGCCGCCTGGGAGGATGAGGACGATGCAGAT
CTCCCCCACGGCAAGCAGCAGACCCCCTGCCTGTTCTGTAACAGGTTATTCACATCTGCT
GAAGAAACATTTTCACACTGTAAGTCTGAGCATCAGTTTAATATTGACAGCATGGTTCAT
AAACATGGACTTGAATTTTATGGATACATTAAGCTAATAAATTTTATTAGACTTAAGAAT
CCTACAGTTGAGTACATGAATTCCATATACAACCCAGTGCCTTGGGAGAAAGAAGAGTAT
TTGAAGCCAGTATTAGAAGATGACCTTTTACTTCAATTTGATGTAGAAGATCTTTATGAA
CCGGTGTCAGTACCCTTCTCATACCCCAATGGACTCAGTGAAAATACATCTGTTGTTGAA
AAATTGAAACATATGGAAGCCAGGGCACTGTCTGCTGAAGCCGCATTGGCCAGAGCACGT
GAGGATCTGCAGAAAATGAAACAATTTGCTCAGGATTTTGTGATGCACACAGATGTCAGA
ACCTGCTCGTCATCTACTAGTGTCATTGCGGACCTCCAGGAGGATGAGGATGGTGTTTAT
TTCAGCTCATACGGGCATTATGGGATACATGAAGAAATGCTAAAGGACAAAATACGAACA
GAAAGCTACCGAGATTTCATATACCAAAATCCACATATCTTCAAAGACAAGGTAGTTTTG
GATGTTGGGTGTGGAACTGGAATTCTCTCTATGTTTGCTGCTAAAGCTGGGGCGAAGAAG
GTTCTTGGAGTTGATCAATCTGAAATACTTTACCAGGCAATGGATATTATAAGACTAAAT
AAACTTGAAGATACTATTACACTAATTAAAGGAAAGATTGAAGAAGTTCATCTTCCTGTA
GAAAAAGTAGATGTTATCATATCTGAGTGGATGGGCTATTTTCTTCTGTTTGAGTCTATG
TTAGATTCTGTCCTTTATGCAAAGAACAAATACTTGGCAAAAGGAGGCTCGGTCTACCCT
GACATTTGCACTATCAGCCTTGTAGCAGTGAGTGATGTGAATAAACATGCTGATAGAATT
GCTTTTTGGGATGATGTCTATGGCTTCAAGATGTCCTGCATGAAGAAAGCAGTTATTCCA
GAAGCTGTTGTGGAAGTTTTAGATCCGAAGACTCTTATTTCAGAACCTTGTGGTATTAAG
CATATAGATTGCCATACGACGTCTATCTCAGATTTGGAATTTTCATCAGATTTTACCCTG
AAAATCACAAGGACATCCATGTGCACGGCAATTGCTGGCTACTTTGATATATATTTTGAG
AAGAATTGCCACAACAGGGTCGTGTTCTCTACGGGCCCTCAGAGCACCAAAACACACTGG
AAACAAACAGTATTTCTACTGGAAAAACCATTTTCAGTTAAAGCAGGTGAAGCCTTGAAA
GGAAAGGTCACAGTTCACAAGAATAAGAAAGATCCACGTTCTCTCACCGTGACCCTCACG
TTGAATAATTCAACTCAAACTTATGGTCTCCAGTGA
Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID BC037544 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID PRMT3 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID PRMT3 Link Image
Enzyme 3 HGNC ID HGNC:30163 Link Image
Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 3 Locus 11p15.1
Enzyme 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 3 General References
  1. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Tang J, Gary JD, Clarke S, Herschman HR: PRMT 3, a type I protein arginine N-methyltransferase that differs from PRMT1 in its oligomerization, subcellular localization, substrate specificity, and regulation. J Biol Chem. 1998 Jul 3;273(27):16935-45. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Oppermann FS, Gnad F, Olsen JV, Hornberger R, Greff Z, Keri G, Mann M, Daub H: Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2009 Jul;8(7):1751-64. Epub 2009 Apr 15. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 3 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 4 [top]
Enzyme 4 ID 5914
Enzyme 4 Name Probable histidyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial
Enzyme 4 Synonyms
  1. Histidine--tRNA ligase
  2. HisRS
  3. Histidine--tRNA ligase-like
Enzyme 4 Gene Name HARS2
Enzyme 4 Protein Sequence >Probable histidyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial 
MPLLGLLPRRAWASLLSQLLRPPCASCTGAVRCQSQVAEAVLTSQLKAHQEKPNFIIKTP
KGTRDLSPQHMVVREKILDLVISCFKRHGAKGMDTPAFELKETLTEKYGEDSGLMYDLKD
QGGELLSLRYDLTVPFARYLAMNKVKKMKRYHVGKVWRRESPTIVQGRYREFCQCDFDIA
GQFDPMIPDAECLKIMCEILSGLQLGDFLIKVNDRRIVDGMFAVCGVPESKFRAICSSID
KLDKMAWKDVRHEMVVKKGLAPEVADRIGDYVQCHGGVSLVEQMFQDPRLSQNKQALEGL
GDLKLLFEYLTLFGIADKISFDLSLARGLDYYTGVIYEAVLLQTPTQAGEEPLNVGSVAA
GGRYDGLVGMFDPKGHKVPCVGLSIGVERIFYIVEQRMKTKGEKVRTTETQVFVATPQKN
FLQERLKLIAELWDSGIKAEMLYKNNPKLLTQLHYCESTGIPLVVIIGEQELKEGVIKIR
SVASREEVAIKRENFVAEIQKRLSES
Enzyme 4 Number of Residues 506
Enzyme 4 Molecular Weight 56887.9
Enzyme 4 Theoretical pI 8.35
Enzyme 4 GO Classification
Function
  • ATP binding
  • adenyl nucleotide binding
  • adenyl ribonucleotide binding
  • aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • histidine-tRNA ligase activity
  • ligase activity
  • ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds
  • ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds
  • nucleoside binding
  • nucleotide binding
  • purine nucleoside binding
Process
  • RNA metabolic process
  • biosynthetic process
  • cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process
  • cellular macromolecule metabolic process
  • histidyl-tRNA aminoacylation
  • macromolecule biosynthetic process
  • macromolecule metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • ncRNA metabolic process
  • tRNA aminoacylation
  • tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation
  • tRNA metabolic process
  • translation
Component
  • cell part
  • cytoplasm
  • intracellular part
Enzyme 4 General Function Involved in nucleotide binding
Enzyme 4 Specific Function ATP + L-histidine + tRNA(His) = AMP + diphosphate + L-histidyl-tRNA(His)
Enzyme 4 Pathways
Enzyme 4 Reactions
  • ATP + L-histidine + tRNAHis = AMP + diphosphate + L-histidyl-tRNAHis [RN:R03655]
Enzyme 4 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 4 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 4 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 4 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P49590 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name SYHM_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 4 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 4 Gene Sequence >1521 bp 
ATGCCCCTGCTCGGACTTCTTCCCAGGAGGGCCTGGGCTTCGCTGCTCAGCCAGCTCCTG
CGACCGCCCTGCGCTTCGTGCACCGGGGCGGTCCGTTGCCAAAGCCAGGTTGCAGAGGCA
GTGTTAACATCCCAACTGAAAGCACATCAAGAGAAACCAAATTTTATTATCAAGACCCCA
AAGGGTACCAGGGATCTTAGTCCTCAGCATATGGTTGTGAGGGAGAAAATTCTTGATTTG
GTTATCAGCTGCTTTAAACGTCATGGAGCAAAGGGGATGGACACCCCAGCATTTGAGCTG
AAGGAAACCCTGACTGAGAAGTATGGAGAGGACTCTGGGCTCATGTATGATCTGAAGGAT
CAAGGTGGAGAGCTGTTGTCCCTCCGCTATGACCTTACTGTTCCCTTTGCTCGTTATCTG
GCCATGAATAAGGTGAAGAAGATGAAACGTTATCATGTTGGAAAGGTGTGGCGGCGAGAG
AGCCCAACCATAGTCCAAGGCCGTTATAGGGAGTTCTGCCAGTGTGATTTTGACATTGCT
GGTCAGTTTGACCCTATGATCCCCGATGCAGAGTGTTTGAAGATCATGTGTGAAATCCTA
AGTGGATTGCAGTTGGGAGACTTTCTCATTAAGGTAAATGACCGGCGGATTGTGGATGGG
ATGTTTGCTGTCTGTGGTGTTCCTGAAAGCAAGTTCCGTGCCATCTGCTCCTCCATAGAT
AAACTAGACAAGATGGCTTGGAAAGATGTGAGACATGAGATGGTGGTGAAGAAAGGCCTG
GCTCCTGAGGTGGCTGATCGAATTGGGGACTATGTCCAGTGTCATGGTGGGGTATCCCTA
GTAGAGCAAATGTTTCAGGATCCCAGACTATCCCAGAACAAGCAGGCCCTGGAGGGCCTG
GGAGACCTAAAGCTGCTATTTGAATACCTGACTTTATTTGGAATTGCTGATAAGATCTCC
TTTGACCTCAGCCTGGCTCGGGGCCTAGACTACTATACAGGAGTGATCTATGAAGCAGTG
CTGCTGCAGACCCCAACTCAGGCTGGGGAGGAGCCCCTGAATGTGGGCAGTGTGGCTGCT
GGTGGGCGCTATGATGGGCTGGTGGGCATGTTTGACCCCAAGGGCCACAAGGTGCCATGT
GTGGGACTCAGCATTGGGGTTGAGCGAATCTTCTACATTGTGGAGCAGAGGATGAAGACC
AAAGGTGAGAAGGTGCGGACTACAGAGACTCAAGTGTTTGTGGCCACACCACAGAAGAAC
TTTCTCCAAGAACGGTTGAAGCTTATTGCAGAGCTTTGGGATTCTGGAATCAAGGCAGAG
ATGCTATACAAGAACAACCCCAAACTATTAACCCAGCTGCACTATTGTGAGAGCACAGGC
ATTCCACTGGTGGTCATTATTGGTGAGCAAGAACTGAAAGAAGGGGTCATCAAGATCCGT
TCAGTGGCCAGCAGAGAGGAGGTGGCCATTAAACGGGAAAATTTTGTGGCTGAAATTCAG
AAGCGACTGTCTGAGTCTTGA
Enzyme 4 GenBank Gene ID U18937 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GeneCard ID HARS2 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GenAtlas ID HARS2 Link Image
Enzyme 4 HGNC ID HGNC:4817 Link Image
Enzyme 4 Chromosome Location 5
Enzyme 4 Locus 5q31.3
Enzyme 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 4 General References
  1. O'Hanlon TP, Raben N, Miller FW: A novel gene oriented in a head-to-head configuration with the human histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HRS) gene encodes an mRNA that predicts a polypeptide homologous to HRS. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 May 16;210(2):556-66. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 4 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 5 [top]
Enzyme 5 ID 5917
Enzyme 5 Name Histidyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic
Enzyme 5 Synonyms
  1. Histidine--tRNA ligase
  2. HisRS
Enzyme 5 Gene Name HARS
Enzyme 5 Protein Sequence >Histidyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic 
MAERAALEELVKLQGERVRGLKQQKASAELIEEEVAKLLKLKAQLGPDESKQKFVLKTPK
GTRDYSPRQMAVREKVFDVIIRCFKRHGAEVIDTPVFELKETLMGKYGEDSKLIYDLKDQ
GGELLSLRYDLTVPFARYLAMNKLTNIKRYHIAKVYRRDNPAMTRGRYREFYQCDFDIAG
NFDPMIPDAECLKIMCEILSSLQIGDFLVKVNDRRILDGMFAICGVSDSKFRTICSSVDK
LDKVSWEEVKNEMVGEKGLAPEVADRIGDYVQQHGGVSLVEQLLQDPKLSQNKQALEGLG
DLKLLFEYLTLFGIDDKISFDLSLARGLDYYTGVIYEAVLLQTPAQAGEEPLGVGSVAAG
GRYDGLVGMFDPKGRKVPCVGLSIGVERIFSIVEQRLEALEEKIRTTETQVLVASAQKKL
LEERLKLVSELWDAGIKAELLYKKNPKLLNQLQYCEEAGIPLVAIIGEQELKDGVIKLRS
VTSREEVDVRREDLVEEIKRRTGQPLCIC
Enzyme 5 Number of Residues 509
Enzyme 5 Molecular Weight 57410.0
Enzyme 5 Theoretical pI 5.56
Enzyme 5 GO Classification
Function
  • ATP binding
  • adenyl nucleotide binding
  • adenyl ribonucleotide binding
  • aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • histidine-tRNA ligase activity
  • ligase activity
  • ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds
  • ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds
  • nucleoside binding
  • nucleotide binding
  • purine nucleoside binding
Process
  • RNA metabolic process
  • biosynthetic process
  • cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process
  • cellular macromolecule metabolic process
  • histidyl-tRNA aminoacylation
  • macromolecule biosynthetic process
  • macromolecule metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • ncRNA metabolic process
  • tRNA aminoacylation
  • tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation
  • tRNA metabolic process
  • translation
Component
  • cell part
  • cytoplasm
  • intracellular part
Enzyme 5 General Function Involved in nucleotide binding
Enzyme 5 Specific Function ATP + L-histidine + tRNA(His) = AMP + diphosphate + L-histidyl-tRNA(His)
Enzyme 5 Pathways
Enzyme 5 Reactions
  • ATP + L-histidine + tRNAHis = AMP + diphosphate + L-histidyl-tRNAHis [RN:R03655]
Enzyme 5 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 5 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 5 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 5 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 5 GenBank ID Protein 32460 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P12081 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name SYHC_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 5 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 5 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 5 Gene Sequence >1530 bp 
ATGGCAGAGCGTGCGGCGCTGGAGGAGCTGGTGAAACTTCAGGGAGAGCGCGTGCGAGGC
CTCAAGCAGCAGAAGGCCAGCGCCGAGCTGATCGAGGAGGAGGTGGCGAAACTCCTGAAA
CTGAAGGCACAGCTGGGTCCTGATGAAAGCAAACAGAAATTTGTGCTCAAAACCCCCAAG
GGCACAAGAGACTATAGTCCCCGGCAGATGGCAGTTCGCGAGAAGGTGTTTGACGTAATC
ATCCGTTGCTTCAAGCGCCACGGTGCAGAAGTCATTGATACACCTGTATTTGAACTAAAG
GAAACACTGATGGGAAAGTATGGGGAAGACTCCAAGCTTATCTATGACCTGAAGGACCAG
GGCGGGGAGCTCCTGTCCCTTCGCTATGACCTCACTGTTCCTTTTGCTCGGTATTTGGCA
ATGAATAAACTGACCAACATTAAACGCTACCACATAGCAAAGGTATATCGGCGGGATAAC
CCAGCCATGACCCGTGGCCGATACCGGGAATTCTACCAGTGTGATTTTGACATTGCTGGG
AACTTTGATCCCATGATCCCTGATGCAGAGTGCCTGAAGATCATGTGCGAGATCCTGAGT
TCACTTCAGATAGGCGACTTCCTGGTCAAGGTAAACGATCGACGCATTCTAGATGGGATG
TTTGCTATCTGTGGTGTTTCTGACAGCAAGTTCCGTACCATCTGCTCCTCAGTAGACAAG
CTGGACAAGGTGTCCTGGGAAGAGGTGAAGAATGAGATGGTGGGAGAGAAGGGCCTTGCA
CCTGAGGTGGCTGACCGCATTGGGGACTATGTCCAGCAACATGGTGGGGTATCCCTGGTG
GAACAGCTGCTCCAGGATCCTAAACTATCCCAAAACAAGCAGGCCTTGGAGGGCCTGGGA
GACCTGAAGTTGCTCTTTGAGTACCTGACCCTATTTGGCATTGATGACAAAATCTCCTTT
GACCTGAGCCTTGCTCGAGGGCTGGATTACTACACTGGGGTGATCTATGAGGCAGTGCTG
CTACAGACCCCAGCCCAGGCAGGGGAAGAGCCCCTGGGTGTGGGCAGTGTGGCTGCTGGA
GGACGCTATGATGGGCTAGTGGGCATGTTCGACCCCAAAGGGCGCAAGGTGCCATGTGTG
GGGCTCAGCATTGGGGTGGAGCGGATTTTCTCCATCGTGGAACAGAGACTAGAGGCTTTG
GAGGAGAAGATACGGACCACGGAGACACAGGTGCTTGTGGCATCTGCACAGAAGAAGCTG
CTAGAGGAAAGACTAAAGCTTGTCTCAGAACTGTGGGATGCTGGGATCAAGGCTGAGCTG
CTGTACAAGAAGAACCCAAAGCTACTGAACCAGTTACAGTACTGTGAGGAGGCAGGCATC
CCACTGGTGGCTATCATCGGCGAGCAGGAACTCAAGGATGGGGTCATCAAGCTCCGTTCA
GTGACGAGCAGGGAAGAGGTGGATGTCCGAAGAGAAGACCTTGTGGAGGAAATCAAAAGG
AGAACAGGCCAGCCCCTCTGCATCTGCTGA
Enzyme 5 GenBank Gene ID Z11518 Link Image
Enzyme 5 GeneCard ID HARS Link Image
Enzyme 5 GenAtlas ID HARS Link Image
Enzyme 5 HGNC ID HGNC:4816 Link Image
Enzyme 5 Chromosome Location 5
Enzyme 5 Locus 5q31.3
Enzyme 5 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 5 General References
  1. Raben N, Borriello F, Amin J, Horwitz R, Fraser D, Plotz P: Human histidyl-tRNA synthetase: recognition of amino acid signature regions in class 2a aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Mar 11;20(5):1075-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Tsui FW, Siminovitch L: Isolation, structure and expression of mammalian genes for histidyl-tRNA synthetase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Apr 24;15(8):3349-67. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Tsui HW, Mok S, de Souza L, Martin A, Tsui FW: Transcriptional analyses of the gene region that encodes human histidyl-tRNA synthetase: identification of a novel bidirectional regulatory element. Gene. 1993 Sep 15;131(2):201-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. O'Hanlon TP, Raben N, Miller FW: A novel gene oriented in a head-to-head configuration with the human histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HRS) gene encodes an mRNA that predicts a polypeptide homologous to HRS. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 May 16;210(2):556-66. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 5 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 6 [top]
Enzyme 6 ID 5956
Enzyme 6 Name Histidine ammonia-lyase
Enzyme 6 Synonyms
  1. Histidase
Enzyme 6 Gene Name HAL
Enzyme 6 Protein Sequence >Histidine ammonia-lyase 
MPRYTVHVRGEWLAVPCQDAQLTVGWLGREAVRRYIKNKPDNGGFTSVDDAHFLVRRCKG
LGLLDNEDRLEVALENNEFVEVVIEGDAMSPDFIPSQPEGVYLYSKYREPEKYIELDGDR
LTTEDLVNLGKGRYKIKLTPTAEKRVQKSREVIDSIIKEKTVVYGITTGFGKFARTVIPI
NKLQELQVNLVRSHSSGVGKPLSPERCRMLLALRINVLAKGYSGISLETLKQVIEMFNAS
CLPYVPEKGTVGASGDLAPLSHLALGLVGEGKMWSPKSGWADAKYVLEAHGLKPVILKPK
EGLALINGTQMITSLGCEAVERASAIARQADIVAALTLEVLKGTTKAFDTDIHALRPHRG
QIEVAFRFRSLLDSDHHPSEIAESHRFCDRVQDAYTLRCCPQVHGVVNDTIAFVKNIITT
ELNSATDNPMVFANRGETVSGGNFHGEYPAKALDYLAIGIHELAAISERRIERLCNPSLS
ELPAFLVAEGGLNSGFMIAHCTAAALVSENKALCHPSSVDSLSTSAATEDHVSMGGWAAR
KALRVIEHVEQVLAIELLAACQGIEFLRPLKTTTPLEKVYDLVRSVVRPWIKDRFMAPDI
EAAHRLLLEQKVWEVAAPYIEKYRMEHIPESRPLSPTAFSLQFLHKKSTKIPESEDL
Enzyme 6 Number of Residues 657
Enzyme 6 Molecular Weight 72696.9
Enzyme 6 Theoretical pI 6.95
Enzyme 6 GO Classification
Function
  • ammonia-lyase activity
  • carbon-nitrogen lyase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • histidine ammonia-lyase activity
  • lyase activity
Process
  • biosynthetic process
  • cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process
  • cellular amino acid metabolic process
  • cellular metabolic process
  • histidine catabolic process
  • histidine family amino acid metabolic process
  • histidine metabolic process
  • metabolic process
Component
  • cell part
  • cytoplasm
  • intracellular part
Enzyme 6 General Function Involved in histidine ammonia-lyase activity
Enzyme 6 Specific Function L-histidine = urocanate + NH(3)
Enzyme 6 Pathways
Enzyme 6 Reactions
  • L-histidine = urocanate + NH3 [RN:R01168]
Enzyme 6 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 6 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 6 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 6 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 6 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P42357 Link Image
Enzyme 6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name HUTH_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 6 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 6 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 6 Gene Sequence >1974 bp 
ATGCCCAGATACACGGTGCACGTACGTGGGGAATGGCTGGCAGTGCCCTGCCAGGACGCG
CAGCTCACTGTGGGCTGGCTGGGCCGGGAGGCCGTGAGGCGCTATATCAAGAATAAGCCC
GACAATGGTGGCTTCACCTCCGTGGATGACGCGCACTTCCTTGTGCGCCGGTGCAAGGGC
CTGGGCCTGCTGGACAACGAGGACCGGCTCGAGGTGGCCCTAGAGAACAACGAGTTCGTG
GAAGTGGTTATAGAGGGTGATGCCATGTCTCCTGACTTCATTCCATCTCAACCAGAAGGA
GTTTATCTATACAGCAAGTACCGGGAGCCTGAAAAGTACATCGAGTTAGATGGAGACCGT
CTGACCACGGAGGATCTGGTCAACTTGGGAAAGGGACGCTACAAAATAAAGCTCACCCCA
ACAGCTGAGAAGAGGGTGCAGAAATCCAGGGAGGTCATAGATAGCATCATAAAAGAGAAA
ACAGTTGTTTACGGTATTACTACAGGTTTTGGGAAATTTGCCAGAACTGTAATTCCTATC
AATAAGCTACAGGAGCTTCAGGTCAACTTAGTACGCTCACATTCTTCAGGTGTTGGGAAA
CCACTAAGTCCTGAGAGGTGTCGGATGCTCTTGGCTTTAAGGATCAATGTCTTAGCCAAA
GGATACAGTGGCATTTCCCTGGAGACCCTCAAACAAGTCATAGAAATGTTTAATGCCTCC
TGCCTGCCCTATGTCCCAGAGAAAGGAACCGTTGGTGCCAGTGGAGACCTTGCCCCACTC
TCTCATCTTGCTCTTGGGCTAGTTGGAGAAGGGAAGATGTGGTCTCCGAAGAGTGGCTGG
GCTGATGCTAAATACGTGCTAGAAGCCCATGGATTGAAACCAGTTATTTTAAAACCAAAA
GAGGGCCTGGCACTCATCAATGGGACGCAGATGATCACATCCCTGGGCTGTGAAGCTGTA
GAGCGAGCCAGTGCTATTGCACGGCAGGCTGACATTGTGGCAGCCCTGACCCTTGAGGTG
CTGAAGGGCACCACCAAAGCCTTTGACACTGACATTCATGCTCTTCGACCTCACCGTGGG
CAAATTGAAGTTGCTTTTCGGTTTCGGTCACTCTTGGACTCAGATCACCACCCATCAGAA
ATAGCAGAGAGTCACAGGTTCTGTGATCGCGTCCAGGATGCATACACCTTGCGCTGCTGT
CCACAGGTCCATGGTGTGGTGAATGATACAATAGCATTTGTGAAGAACATCATTACCACA
GAACTGAACAGCGCAACAGATAATCCTATGGTCTTTGCCAATAGGGGAGAGACAGTTTCT
GGAGGAAACTTCCATGGTGAATACCCAGCCAAAGCCCTAGACTACTTGGCCATTGGCATC
CATGAACTTGCTGCAATCAGTGAGAGAAGAATCGAGCGGCTCTGCAATCCCTCCCTCAGT
GAGCTGCCTGCCTTCCTGGTGGCTGAAGGTGGTCTGAACTCTGGGTTCATGATAGCTCAC
TGCACGGCAGCAGCCCTTGTTTCTGAGAACAAGGCTCTGTGCCATCCCTCGTCTGTTGAC
TCCCTCTCCACCAGCGCAGCCACGGAGGACCACGTCTCCATGGGAGGATGGGCAGCAAGG
AAAGCCCTCAGGGTCATCGAGCATGTGGAGCAAGTGCTGGCCATCGAGCTCCTTGCAGCC
TGCCAGGGCATAGAGTTTCTACGTCCCCTGAAAACAACCACTCCGCTGGAGAAGGTCTAT
GACCTGGTGCGCTCTGTTGTAAGGCCCTGGATAAAAGATCGCTTCATGGCCCCGGACATC
GAGGCAGCCCACAGGCTGCTCCTGGAGCAGAAGGTTTGGGAAGTAGCTGCTCCATACATT
GAAAAATACAGAATGGAGCATATTCCAGAATCAAGACCTCTTTCTCCAACAGCCTTTTCA
CTGCAATTTCTGCACAAGAAATCCACCAAAATCCCGGAGTCTGAGGACCTTTAA
Enzyme 6 GenBank Gene ID D16626 Link Image
Enzyme 6 GeneCard ID HAL Link Image
Enzyme 6 GenAtlas ID HAL Link Image
Enzyme 6 HGNC ID HGNC:4806 Link Image
Enzyme 6 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 6 Locus 12q22-q24.1
Enzyme 6 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 6 General References
  1. Suchi M, Harada N, Wada Y, Takagi Y: Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding human histidase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Nov 16;1216(2):293-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Suchi M, Sano H, Mizuno H, Wada Y: Molecular cloning and structural characterization of the human histidase gene (HAL). Genomics. 1995 Sep 1;29(1):98-104. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Kawai Y, Moriyama A, Asai K, Coleman-Campbell CM, Sumi S, Morishita H, Suchi M: Molecular characterization of histidinemia: identification of four missense mutations in the histidase gene. Hum Genet. 2005 Apr;116(5):340-6. Epub 2005 Jan 27. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 6 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 7 [top]
Enzyme 7 ID 6167
Enzyme 7 Name Histidine decarboxylase
Enzyme 7 Synonyms
  1. HDC
Enzyme 7 Gene Name HDC
Enzyme 7 Protein Sequence >Histidine decarboxylase 
MMEPEEYRERGREMVDYICQYLSTVRERRVTPDVQPGYLRAQLPESAPEDPDSWDSIFGD
IERIIMPGVVHWQSPHMHAYYPALTSWPSLLGDMLADAINCLGFTWASSPACTELEMNVM
DWLAKMLGLPEHFLHHHPSSQGGGVLQSTVSESTLIALLAARKNKILEMKTSEPDADESC
LNARLVAYASDQAHSSVEKAGLISLVKMKFLPVDDNFSLRGEALQKAIEEDKQRGLVPVF
VCATLGTTGVCAFDCLSELGPICAREGLWLHIDAAYAGTAFLCPEFRGFLKGIEYADSFT
FNPSKWMMVHFDCTGFWVKDKYKLQQTFSVNPIYLRHANSGVATDFMHWQIPLSRRFRSV
KLWFVIRSFGVKNLQAHVRHGTEMAKYFESLVRNDPSFEIPAKRHLGLVVFRLKGPNCLT
ENVLKEIAKAGRLFLIPATIQDKLIIRFTVTSQFTTRDDILRDWNLIRDAATLILSQHCT
SQPSPRVGNLISQIRGARAWACGTSLQSVSGAGDDPVQARKIIKQPQRVGAGPMKRENGL
HLETLLDPVDDCFSEEAPDATKHKLSSFLFSYLSVQTKKKTVRSLSCNSVPVSAQKPLPT
EASVKNGGSSRVRIFSRFPEDMMMLKKSAFKKLIKFYSVPSFPECSSQCGLQLPCCPLQA
MV
Enzyme 7 Number of Residues 662
Enzyme 7 Molecular Weight 74139.8
Enzyme 7 Theoretical pI 8.06
Enzyme 7 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • carbon-carbon lyase activity
  • carboxy-lyase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • cofactor binding
  • lyase activity
  • pyridoxal phosphate binding
Process
  • carboxylic acid metabolic process
  • cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process
  • cellular metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • organic acid metabolic process
  • oxoacid metabolic process
Component
—
Enzyme 7 General Function Involved in carboxy-lyase activity
Enzyme 7 Specific Function L-histidine = histamine + CO(2)
Enzyme 7 Pathways
Enzyme 7 Reactions
  • L-histidine = histamine + CO2 [RN:R01167]
Enzyme 7 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 7 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 7 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 7 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 7 GenBank ID Protein 32109 Link Image
Enzyme 7 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P19113 Link Image
Enzyme 7 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name DCHS_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 7 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 7 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 7 Gene Sequence >1989 bp 
ATGATGGAGCCTGAGGAGTACAGAGAGAGAGGGAGAGAGATGGTGGATTACATCTGCCAG
TACCTGAGCACTGTGCGGGAGAGACGTGTGACGCCAGACGTGCAGCCTGGCTACCTGCGA
GCCCAGCTGCCTGAGAGTGCTCCTGAGGACCCCGACAGCTGGGACAGCATCTTTGGGGAC
ATTGAACGAATCATCATGCCTGGGGTGGTACATTGGCAGAGCCCCCATATGCACGCCTAC
TACCCAGCCCTCACCTCTTGGCCCTCCCTGCTAGGAGACATGCTGGCTGATGCCATCAAC
TGCTTGGGATTCACCTGGGCATCCAGCCCTGCGTGTACAGAGCTGGAGATGAACGTCATG
GACTGGTTGGCAAAAATGCTGGGACTTCCAGAGCACTTCTTGCACCACCACCCCAGCAGC
CAGGGCGGAGGCGTCCTGCAGCAGACGGTCAGTGAATCCACTTTGATTGCCCTGCTGGCA
GCAAGGAAGAACAAAATCCTGGAAATGAAAACGTCTGAGCCCGATGCTGATGAGTCCTGC
CTAAATGCCCGACTCGTGGCCTATGCCTCTGACCAGGCTCACTCCTCTGTGGAAAAGGCT
GGTTTGATTTCCCTTGTGAAGATGAAATTTCTGCCTGTGGATGACAACTTCTCACTCCGA
GGGGAAGCTCTTCAGAAGGCCATCGAGGAAGACAAGCAGCGGGGCTTGGTGCCCGTCTTT
GTCTGTGCAACACTAGGGACCACTGGGGTCTGTGCATTTGACTGCCTGTCAGAGCTGGGC
CCCATCTGTGCCCGTGAGGGGCTGTGGCTCCACATCGATGCTGCTTATGCAGGCACTGCC
TTCCTGTGCCCCGAGTTCCGGGGGTTTCTGAAGGGGATTGAGTATGCCGACTCCTTCACC
TTTAATCCTTCCAAGTGGATGATGGTGCATTTTGACTGTACTGGGTTCTGGGTCAAGGAC
AAGTACAAGCTGCAGCAGACCTTCAGTGTGAATCCCATCTACCTCAGGCATGCCAACTCA
GGCGTGGCCACCGACTTCATGCACTGGCAGATCCCCCTGAGCCGACGGTTTCGCTCTGTT
AAACTCTGGTTCGTGATTCGGTCCTTCGGGGTGAAGAATCTTCAAGCACATGTCAGACAT
GGTACTGAAATGGCTAAATATTTTGAATCTCTGGTCAGAAACGACCCTTCCTTTGAAATT
CCTGCCAAGAGGCACCTTGGCCTGGTGGTTTTTCGTCTAAAGGGTCCTAATTGTCTCACA
GAAAATGTGTTAAAGGAAATAGCTAAAGCTGGCCGTCTCTTCCTCATCCCGGCCACTATC
CAGGACAAGTTAATCATCCGTTTCACTGTGACATCCCAGTTTACCACTAGGGATGACATC
CTGAGAGACTGGAATCTCATTCGAGATGCTGCCACTCTCATCCTGAGTCAGCACTGTACT
TCCCAACCCAGCCCTCGGGTTGGGAACCTCATCTCCCAAATCAGGGGTGCCAGAGCCTGG
GCCTGTGGAACGTCCCTTCAGTCTGTCAGTGGGGCAGGAGATGATCCAGTCCAGGCCAGG
AAGATCATCAAGCAGCCTCAGCGTGTGGGAGCCGGTCCCATGAAAAGGGAAAATGGCCTC
CATCTTGAAACCCTGCTGGACCCAGTTGATGACTGCTTTTCAGAAGAGGCCCCAGATGCC
ACCAAGCACAAGCTGTCCTCCTTCCTGTTCAGTTACTTGTCTGTGCAGACTAAGAAGAAG
ACGGTGCGCTCCCTCAGTTGCAACAGTGTGCCAGTGAGTGCTCAGAAGCCACTGCCCACA
GAGGCCTCTGTGAAGAATGGGGGCTCCTCCAGGGTCAGAATCTTTTCCAGGTTTCCAGAA
GACATGATGATGCTGAAGAAAAGTGCCTTCAAAAAACTCATCAAATTCTACAGCGTCCCC
AGCTTTCCTGAATGCAGCTCTCAATGTGGACTCCAGCTGCCCTGTTGCCCTCTGCAGGCC
ATGGTTTAG
Enzyme 7 GenBank Gene ID X54297 Link Image
Enzyme 7 GeneCard ID HDC Link Image
Enzyme 7 GenAtlas ID HDC Link Image
Enzyme 7 HGNC ID HGNC:4855 Link Image
Enzyme 7 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 7 Locus 15q21-q22
Enzyme 7 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 7 General References
  1. Yamauchi K, Sato R, Tanno Y, Ohkawara Y, Maeyama K, Watanabe T, Satoh K, Yoshizawa M, Shibahara S, Takishima T: Nucleotide sequence of the cDNA encoding L-histidine decarboxylase derived from human basophilic leukemia cell line, KU-812-F. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Oct 11;18(19):5891. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Zahnow CA, Yi HF, McBride OW, Joseph DR: Cloning of the cDNA encoding human histidine decarboxylase from an erythroleukemia cell line and mapping of the gene locus to chromosome 15. DNA Seq. 1991;1(6):395-400. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Mamune-Sato R, Yamauchi K, Tanno Y, Ohkawara Y, Ohtsu H, Katayose D, Maeyama K, Watanabe T, Shibahara S, Takishima T: Functional analysis of alternatively spliced transcripts of the human histidine decarboxylase gene and its expression in human tissues and basophilic leukemia cells. Eur J Biochem. 1992 Oct 15;209(2):533-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Yatsunami K, Ohtsu H, Tsuchikawa M, Higuchi T, Ishibashi K, Shida A, Shima Y, Nakagawa S, Yamauchi K, Yamamoto M, et al.: Structure of the L-histidine decarboxylase gene. J Biol Chem. 1994 Jan 14;269(2):1554-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Sjoblom T, Jones S, Wood LD, Parsons DW, Lin J, Barber TD, Mandelker D, Leary RJ, Ptak J, Silliman N, Szabo S, Buckhaults P, Farrell C, Meeh P, Markowitz SD, Willis J, Dawson D, Willson JK, Gazdar AF, Hartigan J, Wu L, Liu C, Parmigiani G, Park BH, Bachman KE, Papadopoulos N, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Velculescu VE: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):268-74. Epub 2006 Sep 7. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 7 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 8 [top]
Enzyme 8 ID 8562
Enzyme 8 Name Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3
Enzyme 8 Synonyms
  1. N-system amino acid transporter 1
  2. Na(+)-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3
  3. Solute carrier family 38 member 3
  4. System N amino acid transporter 1
Enzyme 8 Gene Name SLC38A3
Enzyme 8 Protein Sequence >Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 
MEAPLQTEMVELVPNGKHSEGLLPVITPMAGNQRVEDPARSCMEGKSFLQKSPSKEPHFT
DFEGKTSFGMSVFNLSNAIMGSGILGLAYAMANTGIILFLFLLTAVALLSSYSIHLLLKS
SGVVGIRAYEQLGYRAFGTPGKLAAALAITLQNIGAMSSYLYIIKSELPLVIQTFLNLEE
KTSDWYMNGNYLVILVSVTIILPLALMRQLGYLGYSSGFSLSCMVFFLIAVIYKKFHVPC
PLPPNFNNTTGNFSHVEIVKEKVQLQVEPEASAFCTPSYFTLNSQTAYTIPIMAFAFVCH
PEVLPIYTELKDPSKKKMQHISNLSIAVMYIMYFLAALFGYLTFYNGVESELLHTYSKVD
PFDVLILCVRVAVLTAVTLTVPIVLFPVRRAIQQMLFPNQEFSWLRHVLIAVGLLTCINL
LVIFAPNILGIFGVIGATSAPFLIFIFPAIFYFRIMPTEKEPARSTPKILALCFAMLGFL
LMTMSLSFIIIDWASGTSRHGGNH
Enzyme 8 Number of Residues 504
Enzyme 8 Molecular Weight 55772.4
Enzyme 8 Theoretical pI 8.01
Enzyme 8 GO Classification Not Available
Enzyme 8 General Function Amino acid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 8 Specific Function Sodium-dependent amino acid/proton antiporter. Mediates electrogenic cotransport of glutamine and sodium ions in exchange for protons. Also recognizes histidine, asparagine and alanine. May mediate amino acid transport in either direction under physiological conditions. May play a role in nitrogen metabolism and synaptic transmission
Enzyme 8 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 8 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 8 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 8 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 8 Transmembrane Regions
  • 83-103 106-126 144-164 187-207 213-233 324-344 366-386 408-428 431-451 471-491
Enzyme 8 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 8 GenBank ID Protein 5870893 Link Image
Enzyme 8 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q99624 Link Image
Enzyme 8 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name S38A3_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 8 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 8 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 8 Gene Sequence >1515 bp 
ATGGAGGCGCCTTTGCAGACAGAGATGGTGGAGCTGGTGCCCAATGGCAAACACTCAGAG
GGGCTGCTCCCGGTCATCACCCCCATGGCAGGCAACCAGAGGGTCGAGGACCCTGCACGG
AGCTGTATGGAGGGCAAGAGCTTCCTACAGAAAAGTCCCAGCAAGGAGCCACACTTCACT
GACTTCGAGGGGAAGACATCATTCGGGATGTCAGTGTTCAACCTCAGCAATGCCATCATG
GGCAGCGGCATCCTGGGACTCGCCTATGCCATGGCCAATACGGGCATTATCCTTTTCCTG
TTCCTGTTGACAGCTGTCGCCTTGCTCTCCAGCTACTCCATCCACCTGCTACTCAAGTCC
TCAGGGGTCGTGGGCATCCGTGCCTATGAGCAGCTGGGCTACCGTGCCTTTGGGACCCCA
GGAAAGCTGGCAGCAGCCCTGGCCATCACGCTCCAGAACATCGGAGCCATGTCCAGCTAC
CTGTACATCATCAAGTCTGAGCTGCCACTTGTCATACAGACCTTCCTGAACCTGGAGGAG
AAAACCTCGGACTGGTACATGAACGGGAACTACCTGGTAATCCTTGTCTCTGTCACCATC
ATTCTGCCCCTGGCACTGATGCGGCAGCTTGGCTACCTGGGCTACTCCAGCGGCTTCTCT
CTTAGCTGCATGGTGTTCTTCCTAATTGCAGTCATCTACAAAAAGTTCCACGTGCCCTGC
CCACTGCCCCCCAACTTCAACAACACCACAGGCAACTTCAGCCACGTGGAGATCGTGAAG
GAGAAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGTCGAGCCTGAGGCTTCAGCCTTCTGCACTCCCAGCTACTTC
ACGCTCAACTCACAGACAGCATACACCATCCCCATCATGGCCTTCGCCTTCGTCTGCCAC
CCCGAGGTGCTGCCCATCTATACTGAGCTCAAGGACCCCTCCAAGAAGAAGATGCAGCAC
ATCTCCAACCTGTCCATCGCTGTCATGTACATCATGTACTTCCTGGCTGCCCTCTTCGGC
TACCTCACCTTCTACAACGGGGTGGAGTCGGAGCTGCTGCACACCTACAGCAAGGTGGAC
CCGTTTGACGTCCTGATCCTGTGTGTGCGCGTGGCCGTGCTGACAGCAGTCACGCTCACA
GTGCCCATCGTTCTGTTCCCGGTGCGCCGCGCCATCCAGCAGATGCTGTTTCCAAACCAG
GAGTTCAGCTGGCTGCGGCATGTGCTTATTGCCGTTGGCCTGCTCACTTGTATCAACCTG
CTGGTCATCTTTGCCCCCAACATCCTGGGCATCTTTGGGGTCATCGGTGCCACATCTGCC
CCATTCCTCATCTTCATCTTCCCTGCCATCTTCTACTTCCGAATCATGCCCACGGAGAAG
GAGCCTGCAAGATCCACCCCCAAAATCCTGGCCCTGTGTTTTGCTATGCTTGGCTTCTTG
CTGATGACCATGAGCTTGAGCTTCATCATCATTGACTGGGCCTCAGGGACCAGCCGGCAT
GGAGGAAACCACTAG
Enzyme 8 GenBank Gene ID NM_006841.4 Link Image
Enzyme 8 GeneCard ID SLC38A3 Link Image
Enzyme 8 GenAtlas ID SLC38A3 Link Image
Enzyme 8 HGNC ID HGNC:18044 Link Image
Enzyme 8 Chromosome Location 3
Enzyme 8 Locus 3p21.3
Enzyme 8 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 8 General References
  1. Fei YJ, Sugawara M, Nakanishi T, Huang W, Wang H, Prasad PD, Leibach FH, Ganapathy V: Primary structure, genomic organization, and functional and electrogenic characteristics of human system N 1, a Na+- and H+-coupled glutamine transporter. J Biol Chem. 2000 Aug 4;275(31):23707-17. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Bechtel S, Rosenfelder H, Duda A, Schmidt CP, Ernst U, Wellenreuther R, Mehrle A, Schuster C, Bahr A, Blocker H, Heubner D, Hoerlein A, Michel G, Wedler H, Kohrer K, Ottenwalder B, Poustka A, Wiemann S, Schupp I: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium. BMC Genomics. 2007 Oct 31;8:399. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Muzny DM, Scherer SE, Kaul R, Wang J, Yu J, Sudbrak R, Buhay CJ, Chen R, Cree A, Ding Y, Dugan-Rocha S, Gill R, Gunaratne P, Harris RA, Hawes AC, Hernandez J, Hodgson AV, Hume J, Jackson A, Khan ZM, Kovar-Smith C, Lewis LR, Lozado RJ, Metzker ML, Milosavljevic A, Miner GR, Morgan MB, Nazareth LV, Scott G, Sodergren E, Song XZ, Steffen D, Wei S, Wheeler DA, Wright MW, Worley KC, Yuan Y, Zhang Z, Adams CQ, Ansari-Lari MA, Ayele M, Brown MJ, Chen G, Chen Z, Clendenning J, Clerc-Blankenburg KP, Chen R, Chen Z, Davis C, Delgado O, Dinh HH, Dong W, Draper H, Ernst S, Fu G, Gonzalez-Garay ML, Garcia DK, Gillett W, Gu J, Hao B, Haugen E, Havlak P, He X, Hennig S, Hu S, Huang W, Jackson LR, Jacob LS, Kelly SH, Kube M, Levy R, Li Z, Liu B, Liu J, Liu W, Lu J, Maheshwari M, Nguyen BV, Okwuonu GO, Palmeiri A, Pasternak S, Perez LM, Phelps KA, Plopper FJ, Qiang B, Raymond C, Rodriguez R, Saenphimmachak C, Santibanez J, Shen H, Shen Y, Subramanian S, Tabor PE, Verduzco D, Waldron L, Wang J, Wang J, Wang Q, Williams GA, Wong GK, Yao Z, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhao G, Zhou J, Zhou Y, Nelson D, Lehrach H, Reinhardt R, Naylor SL, Yang H, Olson M, Weinstock G, Gibbs RA: The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3. Nature. 2006 Apr 27;440(7088):1194-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Lerman MI, Minna JD: The 630-kb lung cancer homozygous deletion region on human chromosome 3p21.3: identification and evaluation of the resident candidate tumor suppressor genes. The International Lung Cancer Chromosome 3p21.3 Tumor Suppressor Gene Consortium. Cancer Res. 2000 Nov 1;60(21):6116-33. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 8 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 9 [top]
Enzyme 9 ID 17098
Enzyme 9 Name Solute carrier family 38, member 3, isoform CRA_b
Enzyme 9 Synonyms
  1. SubName: cDNA, FLJ94006, Homo sapiens solute carrier family 38, member 3 (SLC38A3), mRNA
Enzyme 9 Gene Name SLC38A3
Enzyme 9 Protein Sequence >Solute carrier family 38, member 3, isoform CRA_b 
MEAPLQTEMVELVPNGKHSEGLLPVITPMAGNQRVEDPARSCMEGKSFLQKSPSKEPHFT
DFEGKTSFGMSVFNLSNAIMGSGILGLAYAMANTGIILFLFLLTAVALLSSYSIHLLLKS
SGVVGIRAYEQLGYRAFGTPGKLAAALAITLQNIGAMSSYLYIIKSELPLVIQTFLNLEE
KTSDWYMNGNYLVILVSVTIILPLALMRQLGYLGYSSGFSLSCMVFFLIAVIYKKFHVPC
PLPPNFNNTTGNFSHVEIVKEKVQLQVEPEASAFCTPSYFTLNSQTAYTIPIMAFAFVCH
PEVLPIYTELKDPSKKKMQHISNLSIAVMYIMYFLAALFGYLTFYNGVESELLHTYSKVD
PFDVLILCVRVAVLTAVTLTVPIVLFPVRRAIQQMLFPNQEFSWLRHVLIAVGLLTCINL
LVIFAPNILGIFGVIGATSAPFLIFIFPAIFYFRIMPTEKEPARSTPKILALCFAMLGFL
LMTMSLSFIIIDWASGTSRHGGNH
Enzyme 9 Number of Residues 504
Enzyme 9 Molecular Weight 55774
Enzyme 9 Theoretical pI 8.01
Enzyme 9 GO Classification Not Available
Enzyme 9 General Function Amino acid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 9 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 9 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 9 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 9 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 9 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 9 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 9 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 9 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 9 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID B2R8Q0 Link Image
Enzyme 9 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name B2R8Q0_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 9 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 9 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 9 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 9 GenBank Gene ID AK313461 Link Image
Enzyme 9 GeneCard ID B2R8Q0 Link Image
Enzyme 9 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 9 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 9 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 9 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 9 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 9 General References Not Available
Enzyme 9 Metabolite References Not Available