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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for Riboflavin (HMDB00244)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 15:48:42
Update Date 2009-07-23 14:42:01
Accession Number HMDB00244
Secondary Accession Numbers Not Available
Common Name Riboflavin
Description Riboflavin or vitamin B2 is an easily absorbed, water-soluble micronutrient with a key role in maintaining human health. Like the other B vitamins, it supports energy production by aiding in the metabolizing of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Vitamin B2 is also required for red blood cell formation and respiration, antibody production, and for regulating human growth and reproduction. It is essential for healthy skin, nails, hair growth and general good health, including regulating thyroid activity. Riboflavin is found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables. Riboflavin is yellow or orange-yellow in color and in addition to being used as a food coloring it is also used to fortify some foods. It can be found in baby foods, breakfast cereals, sauces, processed cheese, fruit drinks and vitamin-enriched milk products. The richest natural source is yeast. It occurs in the free form only in the retina of the eye, in whey, and in urine; its principal forms in tissues and cells are as flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide.
Synonyms
  1. (-)-Riboflavin
  2. 1-Deoxy-1-(3,4-dihydro-7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxobenzo[g]pteridin-10(2H)-yl)-D-ribitol
  3. 6,7-Dimethyl-9-D-ribitylisoalloxazine
  4. 6,7-Dimethyl-9-ribitylisoalloxazine
  5. 7,8-dimethyl-10-(D-ribo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl)-Benzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione
  6. Beflavin
  7. Beflavine
  8. Benzo[g]pteridine riboflavin deriv.
  9. E 101
  10. Flavaxin
  11. Flavin BB
  12. Flaxain
  13. Food Yellow 15
  14. Hyre
  15. Lactobene
  16. Lactoflavin
  17. Lactoflavine
  18. Ribipca
  19. Ribocrisina
  20. Riboderm
  21. Riboflavine
  22. Ribosyn
  23. Ribotone
  24. Ribovel
  25. Russupteridine yellow III
  26. San Yellow B
  27. Vitaflavine
  28. Vitamin B2
  29. Vitamin G
  30. Vitasan B2
Chemical IUPAC Name 7,8-dimethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl]benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
Chemical Formula C17H20N4O6
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Heterocyclic molecules
Class
  • Pterins
Sub Class
  • Dihydro-pterins
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • primary alcohol
  • secondary alcohol
  • 1,2-diol
  • oxo(het)arene
  • aromatic compound
  • heterocyclic compound
Biofunction
  • Essential vitamins
  • Component of Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism
  • Component of Riboflavin metabolism
Application
Source
  • Exogenous
Average Molecular Weight 376.364
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 376.138275
Isomeric SMILES CC1=C(C)C=C2N(C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO)C3=NC(=O)NC(=O)C3=NC2=C1
Canonical SMILES CC1=C(C)C=C2N(CC(O)C(O)C(O)CO)C3=NC(=O)NC(=O)C3=NC2=C1
KEGG Compound ID C00255 Link Image
BioCyc ID RIBOFLAVIN Link Image
BiGG ID 34409 Link Image
Wikipedia Link Riboflavin Link Image
NuGOwiki Link HMDB00244 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB00244 Link Image
METLIN ID 5249 Link Image
PubChem Compound 6759 Link Image
PubChem Substance 3554 Link Image
ChEBI ID 17015 Link Image
CAS Registry Number 83-88-5
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C17H20N4O6/c1-7-3-9-10(4-8(7)2)21(5-11(23)14(25)12(24)6-22)15-13(18-9)16(26)20-17(27)19-15/h3-4,11-12,14,22-25H,5-6H2,1-2H3,(H,20,26,27)/t11-,12+,14-/m0/s1
Synthesis Reference Tishler, Max; Pfister, Karl, III; Babson, R. D.; Ladenburg, Kurt; Fleming, Ann J. Reaction between o-aminoazo compounds and barbituric acid. A new synthesis of riboflavin. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1947), 69 1487-92.
Melting Point (Experimental) 290 oC
Experimental Water Solubility 0.0847 mg/mL [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)] Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 0.657 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge -1
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity -1.46 [HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)] Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity -1.05 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; -1.9 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
MOL File Show
SDF File Show
PDB File Show
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID 1BU5 Link Image
Experimental PDB File Show
Experimental PDB Structure
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Varian)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Bruker)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum
Low Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Medium Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
High Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Not Available
BMRB Spectrum Not Available
Cellular Location
  • Cytoplasm (Predicted from LogP)
  • Extracellular
Biofluid Location
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid
  • Urine
Tissue Location
Tissue References
Erythrocyte
Heart
Kidney
Liver
Concentrations (Normal)
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.845 (0.361-1.77) uM
Age Newborn:0-30 days old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.385 (0.15-0.96) uM
Age Children:1-13 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.530 (0.265-1.30) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Female
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.015 (0.0054-0.028) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Hustad S, McKinley MC, McNulty H, Schneede J, Strain JJ, Scott JM, Ueland PM: Riboflavin, flavin mononucleotide, and flavin adenine dinucleotide in human plasma and erythrocytes at baseline and after low-dose riboflavin supplementation. Clin Chem. 2002 Sep;48(9):1571-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.35 +/- 0.05 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Dastur DK, Santhadevi N, Quadros EV, Avari FC, Wadia NH, Desai MN, Bharucha EP: The B-vitamins in malnutrition with alcoholism. A model of intervitamin relationships. Br J Nutr. 1976 Sep;36(2):143-59. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 0.18 +/- 0.08 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid Urine
Value 0.24 +/- 0.24 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Children:1-13 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992
Biofluid Urine
Value 0.04 +/- 0.01 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Newborn:0-30 days old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992
Concentrations (Abnormal)
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.015 +/- 0.018 uM
Age Adolescent:13-18 yrs old
Sex Female
Condition Anorexia nervosa
Comments Not Available
References
  • Capo-chichi CD, Gueant JL, Lefebvre E, Bennani N, Lorentz E, Vidailhet C, Vidailhet M: Riboflavin and riboflavin-derived cofactors in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Apr;69(4):672-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.18 +/- 0.02 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Condition Alcoholism
Comments Peripheralneuropathy
References
  • Dastur DK, Santhadevi N, Quadros EV, Avari FC, Wadia NH, Desai MN, Bharucha EP: The B-vitamins in malnutrition with alcoholism. A model of intervitamin relationships. Br J Nutr. 1976 Sep;36(2):143-59. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.14 +/- 0.06 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Condition Alcoholism
Comments Peripheralneuropathy and mental change
References
  • Dastur DK, Santhadevi N, Quadros EV, Avari FC, Wadia NH, Desai MN, Bharucha EP: The B-vitamins in malnutrition with alcoholism. A model of intervitamin relationships. Br J Nutr. 1976 Sep;36(2):143-59. [PubMed Link Image]
Associated Disorders
Condition References
Alcoholism
  • Dastur DK, Santhadevi N, Quadros EV, Avari FC, Wadia NH, Desai MN, Bharucha EP: The B-vitamins in malnutrition with alcoholism. A model of intervitamin relationships. Br J Nutr. 1976 Sep;36(2):143-59. [PubMed Link Image]
Anorexia nervosa
  • Capo-chichi CD, Gueant JL, Lefebvre E, Bennani N, Lorentz E, Vidailhet C, Vidailhet M: Riboflavin and riboflavin-derived cofactors in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Apr;69(4):672-8. [PubMed Link Image]
OMIM ID
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Riboflavin Metabolism SMP00070 Link Image map00740 Link Image
General References
  1. Mathew JL, Kabi BC, Rath B: Anti-oxidant vitamins and steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome in Indian children. J Paediatr Child Health. 2002 Oct;38(5):450-37. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Booth CK, Clark T, Fenn A: Folic acid, riboflavin, thiamine, and vitamin B-6 status of a group of first-time blood donors. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Nov;68(5):1075-80. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Boisvert WA, Mendoza I, Castaneda C, De Portocarrero L, Solomons NW, Gershoff SN, Russell RM: Riboflavin requirement of healthy elderly humans and its relationship to macronutrient composition of the diet. J Nutr. 1993 May;123(5):915-25. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Mikalunas V, Fitzgerald K, Rubin H, McCarthy R, Craig RM: Abnormal vitamin levels in patients receiving home total parenteral nutrition. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2001 Nov-Dec;33(5):393-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Belko AZ, Obarzanek E, Roach R, Rotter M, Urban G, Weinberg S, Roe DA: Effects of aerobic exercise and weight loss on riboflavin requirements of moderately obese, marginally deficient young women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1984 Sep;40(3):553-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Alexander M, Emanuel G, Golin T, Pinto JT, Rivlin RS: Relation of riboflavin nutriture in healthy elderly to intake of calcium and vitamin supplements: evidence against riboflavin supplementation. Am J Clin Nutr. 1984 Apr;39(4):540-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Baeckert PA, Greene HL, Fritz I, Oelberg DG, Adcock EW: Vitamin concentrations in very low birth weight infants given vitamins intravenously in a lipid emulsion: measurement of vitamins A, D, and E and riboflavin. J Pediatr. 1988 Dec;113(6):1057-65. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Maiani G, Mobarhan S, Nicastro A, Virgili F, Scaccini C, Ferro-Luzzi A: [Determination of glutathione reductase activity in erythrocytes and whole blood as an indicator of riboflavin nutrition] Acta Vitaminol Enzymol. 1983;5(3):171-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Bamji MS, Bhaskaram P, Jacob CM: Urinary riboflavin excretion and erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity in preschool children suffering from upper respiratory infections and measles. Ann Nutr Metab. 1987;31(3):191-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Ajayi OA: Bioavailability of riboflavin from fortified palm juice. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 1989 Dec;39(4):375-80. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Kodentsova VM, Vrzhesinskaya OA, Spirichev VB: Fluorometric riboflavin titration in plasma by riboflavin-binding apoprotein as a method for vitamin B2 status assessment. Ann Nutr Metab. 1995;39(6):355-60. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Bates CJ, Powers HJ: A simple fluorimetric assay for pyridoxamine phosphate oxidase in erythrocyte haemolysates: effects of riboflavin supplementation and of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr. 1985 Mar;39(2):107-15. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Brun TA, Chen J, Campbell TC, Boreham J, Feng Z, Parpia B, Shen TF, Li M: Urinary riboflavin excretion after a load test in rural China as a measure of possible riboflavin deficiency. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1990 Mar;44(3):195-206. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Mulherin DM, Thurnham DI, Situnayake RD: Glutathione reductase activity, riboflavin status, and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1996 Nov;55(11):837-40. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Rao PN, Levine E, Myers MO, Prakash V, Watson J, Stolier A, Kopicko JJ, Kissinger P, Raj SG, Raj MH: Elevation of serum riboflavin carrier protein in breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1999 Nov;8(11):985-90. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Zhou X, Huang C, Hong J, Yao S: [Nested case-control study on riboflavin levels in blood and urine and the risk of lung cancer] Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2003 Nov;32(6):597-8, 601. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Thurnham DI, Zheng SF, Munoz N, Crespi M, Grassi A, Hambidge KM, Chai TF: Comparison of riboflavin, vitamin A, and zinc status of Chinese populations at high and low risk for esophageal cancer. Nutr Cancer. 1985;7(3):131-43. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Bates CJ, Prentice AM, Paul AA, Prentice A, Sutcliffe BA, Whitehead RG: Riboflavin status in infants born in rural Gambia, and the effect of a weaning food supplement. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1982;76(2):253-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  19. Dror Y, Stern F, Komarnitsky M: Optimal and stable conditions for the determination of erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient to evaluate riboflavin status. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1994;64(4):257-62. [PubMed Link Image]
  20. Switzer BR, Stark AH, Atwood JR, Ritenbaugh C, Travis RG, Wu HM: Development of a urinary riboflavin adherence marker for a wheat bran fiber community intervention trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1997 Jun;6(6):439-42. [PubMed Link Image]
  21. Wikipedia Link Image
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5 precursor
  2. Prostatic acid phosphatase precursor
  3. Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A
  4. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
  5. Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form
  6. Flavin reductase
  7. Riboflavin kinase
  8. Lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase type 6 precursor
  9. Testicular acid phosphatase
  10. Putative uncharacterized protein ACP1
  11. Riboflavin transporter 1
  12. Riboflavin transporter 1, transcript variant
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 5329
Enzyme 1 Name Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5 precursor
Enzyme 1 Synonyms
  1. TR- AP
  2. Tartrate-resistant acid ATPase
  3. TrATPase
  4. Acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant
Enzyme 1 Gene Name ACP5
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5 precursor
MDMWTALLILQALLLPSLADGATPALRFVAVGDWGGVPNAPFHTAREMANAKEIARTVQI
LGADFILSLGDNFYFTGVQDINDKRFQETFEDVFSDRSLRKVPWYVLAGNHDHLGNVSAQ
IAYSKISKRWNFPSPFYRLHFKIPQTNVSVAIFMLDTVTLCGNSDDFLSQQPERPRDVKL
ARTQLSWLKKQLAAAREDYVLVAGHYPVWSIAEHGPTHCLVKQLRPLLATYGVTAYLCGH
DHNLQYLQDENGVGYVLSGAGNFMDPSKRHQRKVPNGYLRFHYGTEDSLGGFAYVEISSK
EMTVTYIEASGKSLFKTRLPRRARP
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 325
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 36599
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 8.95
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • acid phosphatase activity
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
  • ion binding
  • iron ion binding
  • phosphoric ester hydrolase activity
  • phosphoric monoester hydrolase activity
  • transition metal ion binding
Process
Component
Enzyme 1 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 1 Specific Function A phosphate monoester + H(2)O = an alcohol + phosphate
Enzyme 1 Pathways
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • A phosphate monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • 1-21
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 178006 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P13686 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PPA5_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >972 bp
ATGGACATGTGGACGGCGCTGCTCATCCTGCAAGCCTTGTTGCTACCCTCCCTGGCTGAT
GGTGCCACCCCTGCCCTGCGCTTTGTAGCCGTGGGTGACTGGGGAGGGGTCCCCAATGCC
CCATTCCACACGGGCCCGGAAATGGCCAATGCCAAGGAGATCGCTCGGACTGTGCAGATC
CTGGGTGCAGACTTCATCCTGTCTCTAGGGGACAATTTTTACTTCACTGGTGTGCAAGAC
ATCAATGACAAGAGGTTCCAGGAGACCTTTGAGGACGTATTCTCTGACCGCTCCCTTCGC
AAAGTGCCCTGGTACGTGCTAGCCGGAAACCATGACCACCTTGGCAATGTCTCTGCCCAG
ATTGCATACTCTAAGATCTCCAAGCGCTGGAACTTCCCCAGCCCTTTCTACCGCCTGCAC
TTCAAGATCCCACAGACCAATGTGTCTGTGGCCATTTTTATGCTGGACACAGTGACACTA
TGTGGCAACTCAGATGACTTCCTCAGCCAGCAGCCTGAGAGGCCCCGACTAACTGCCCGC
ACACAGCTGTCCTGGCTCAAGAAACAGCTGGCGGCGGCCAGGGAGGACTACGTGCTGGTG
GCTGGCCACTACCCCGTGTGGTCCATAGCCGAGCACGGGCCTACCCACTGCCTGGTCAAG
CAGCTACGGCCACTGCTGGCCACATACGGGGTCACTGCCTACCTGTGCGGCCACGATCAC
AATCTGCAGTACCTGCAAGATGAGAATGGCGTGGGCTACGTGCTGAGTGGGGCTGGGAAT
TTCATGGACCCCTCAAAGCGGCACCAGCGCAAGGTCCCCAACGGCTATCTGCGCTTCCAC
TATGGGACTGAAGACTCACTGGGTGGCTTTGCCTATGTGGAGATCAGCTCCAAAGAGATG
ACTGTCACTTACATCGAGGCCTCGGGCAAGTCCCTCTTTAAGACCAGGCTGCCGAGGCGA
GCCAGGCCCTGA
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID J04430 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID ACP5 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID ACP5 Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:124 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location 19
Enzyme 1 Locus 19p13.3-p13.2
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Ketcham CM, Roberts RM, Simmen RC, Nick HS: Molecular cloning of the type 5, iron-containing, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase from human placenta. J Biol Chem. 1989 Jan 5;264(1):557-63. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Lord DK, Cross NC, Bevilacqua MA, Rider SH, Gorman PA, Groves AV, Moss DW, Sheer D, Cox TM: Type 5 acid phosphatase. Sequence, expression and chromosomal localization of a differentiation-associated protein of the human macrophage. Eur J Biochem. 1990 Apr 30;189(2):287-93. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Cassady AI, King AG, Cross NC, Hume DA: Isolation and characterization of the genes encoding mouse and human type-5 acid phosphatase. Gene. 1993 Aug 25;130(2):201-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Stepan JJ, Lau KH, Mohan S, Kraenzlin M, Baylink DJ: Purification and N-terminal sequence of two tartrate-resistant acid phosphatases type-5 from the hairy cell leukemia spleen. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Dec 29;165(3):1027-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Stepan JJ, Lau KH, Mohan S, Singer FR, Baylink DJ: Purification and N-terminal amino acid sequence of the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase from human osteoclastoma: evidence for a single structure. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Apr 30;168(2):792-800. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Hayman AR, Warburton MJ, Pringle JA, Coles B, Chambers TJ: Purification and characterization of a tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase from human osteoclastomas. Biochem J. 1989 Jul 15;261(2):601-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Hayman AR, Dryden AJ, Chambers TJ, Warburton MJ: Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase from human osteoclastomas is translated as a single polypeptide. Biochem J. 1991 Aug 1;277 ( Pt 3):631-4. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 5330
Enzyme 2 Name Prostatic acid phosphatase precursor
Enzyme 2 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Name ACPP
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >Prostatic acid phosphatase precursor
MRAAPLLLARAASLSLGFLFLLFFWLDRSVLAKELKFVTLVFRHGDRSPIDTFPTDPIKE
SSWPQGFGQLTQLGMEQHYELGEYIRKRYRKFLNESYKHEQVYIRSTDVDRTLMSAMTNL
AALFPPEGVSIWNPILLWQPIPVHTVPLSEDQLLYLPFRNCPRFQELESETLKSEEFQKR
LHPYKDFIATLGKLSGLHGQDLFGIWSKVYDPLYCESVHNFTLPSWATEDTMTKLRELSE
LSLLSLYGIHKQKEKSRLQGGVLVNEILNHMKRATQIPSYKKLIMYSAHDTTVSGLQMAL
DVYNGLLPPYASCHLTELYFEKGEYFVEMYYRNETQHEPYPLMLPGCSPSCPLERFAELV
GPVIPQDWSTECMTTNSHQGTEDSTD
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 386
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 44567
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 6.19
Enzyme 2 GO Classification
Function
  • acid phosphatase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
  • phosphoric ester hydrolase activity
  • phosphoric monoester hydrolase activity
Process
Component
Enzyme 2 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 2 Specific Function A phosphate monoester + H(2)O = an alcohol + phosphate
Enzyme 2 Pathways
Enzyme 2 Reactions
  • A phosphate monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • 1-32
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein 189613 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P15309 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PPAP_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID 1ND6 Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB File Show
Enzyme 2 3D Structure
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence >1161 bp
ATGAGAGCTGCACCCCTCCTCCTGGCCAGGGCAGCAAGCCTTAGCCTTGGCTTCTTGTTT
CTGCTTTTTTTCTGGCTAGACCGAAGTGTACTAGCCAAGGAGTTGAAGTTTGTGACTTTG
GTGTTTCGGCATGGAGACCGAAGTCCCATTGACACCTTTCCCACTGACCCCATAAAGGAA
TCCTCATGGCCACAAGGATTTGGCCAACTCACCCAGCTGGGCATGGAGCAGCATTATGAA
CTTGGAGAGTATATAAGAAAGAGATATAGAAAATTCTTGAATGAGTCCTATAAACATGAA
CAGGTTTATATTCGAAGCACAGACGTTGACCGGACTTTGATGAGTGCTATGACAAACCTG
GCAGCCCTGTTTCCCCCAGAAGGTGTCAGCATCTGGAATCCTATCCTACTCTGGCAGCCC
ATCCCGGTGCACACAGTTCCTCTTTCTGAAGATCAGTTGCTATACCTGCCTTTCAGGAAC
TGCCCTCGTTTTCAAGAACTTGAGAGTGAGACTTTGAAATCAGAGGAATTCCAGAAGAGG
CTGCACCCTTATAAGGATTTTATAGCTACCTTGGGAAAACTTTCAGGATTACATGGCCAG
GACCTTTTTGGAATTTGGAGTAAAGTCTACGACCCTTTATATTGTGAGAGTGTTCACAAT
TTCACTTTACCCTCCTGGGCCACTGAGGACACCATGACTAAGTTGAGAGAATTGTCAGAA
TTGTCCCTCCTGTCCCTCTATGGAATTCACAAGCAGAAAGAGAAATCTAGGCTCCAAGGG
GGTGTCCTGGTCAATGAAATCCTCAATCACATGAAGAGAGCAACTCAGATACCAAGCTAC
AAAAAACTTATCATGTATTCTGCGCATGACACTACTGTGAGTGGCCTACAGATGGCGCTA
GATGTTTACAACGGACTCCTTCCTCCCTATGCTTCTTGCCACTTGACGGAATTGTACTTT
GAGAAGGGGGAGTACTTTGTGGAGATGTACTACCGGAATGAGACGCAGCACGAGCCGTAT
CCCCTCATGCTACCTGGCTGCAGCCCCAGCTGTCCTCTGGAGAGGTTTGCTGAGCTGGTT
GGCCCTGTGATCCCTCAAGACTGGTCCACGGAGTGTATGACCACAAACAGCCATCAAGGT
ACTGAGGACAGTACAGATTAG
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID M97589 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID ACPP Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID ACPP Link Image
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID HGNC:125 Link Image
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location 3
Enzyme 2 Locus 3q21-q23
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References
  1. Sharief FS, Li SS: Structure of human prostatic acid phosphatase gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 May 15;184(3):1468-76. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Van Etten RL, Davidson R, Stevis PE, MacArthur H, Moore DL: Covalent structure, disulfide bonding, and identification of reactive surface and active site residues of human prostatic acid phosphatase. J Biol Chem. 1991 Feb 5;266(4):2313-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Sharief FS, Lee H, Leuderman MM, Lundwall A, Deaven LL, Lee CL, Li SS: Human prostatic acid phosphatase: cDNA cloning, gene mapping and protein sequence homology with lysosomal acid phosphatase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Apr 14;160(1):79-86. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Vihko P, Virkkunen P, Henttu P, Roiko K, Solin T, Huhtala ML: Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA encoding human prostatic acid phosphatase. FEBS Lett. 1988 Aug 29;236(2):275-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Tailor PG, Govindan MV, Patel PC: Nucleotide sequence of human prostatic acid phosphatase determined from a full-length cDNA clone. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Aug 25;18(16):4928. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Sharief FS, Li SS: Nucleotide sequence of human prostatic acid phosphatase ACPP gene, including seven Alu repeats. Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1994 Jun;33(3):561-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. LaCount MW, Handy G, Lebioda L: Structural origins of L(+)-tartrate inhibition of human prostatic acid phosphatase. J Biol Chem. 1998 Nov 13;273(46):30406-9. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 3 [top]
Enzyme 3 ID 5401
Enzyme 3 Name Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A
Enzyme 3 Synonyms
  1. Monoamine oxidase type A
  2. MAO-A
Enzyme 3 Gene Name MAOA
Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence >Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A
MENQEKASIAGHMFDVVVIGGGISGLSAAKLLTEYGVSVLVLEARDRVGGRTYTIRNEHV
DYVDVGGAYVGPTQNRILRLSKELGIETYKVNVSERLVQYVKGKTYPFRGAFPPVWNPIA
YLDYNNLWRTIDNMGKEIPTDAPWEAQHADKWDKMTMKELIDKICWTKTARRFAYLFVNI
NVTSEPHEVSALWFLWYVKQCGGTTRIFSVTNGGQERKFVGGSGQVSERIMDLLGDQVKL
NHPVTHVDQSSDNIIIETLNHEHYECKYVINAIPPTLTAKIHFRPELPAERNQLIQRLPM
GAVIKCMMYYKEAFWKKKDYCGCMIIEDEDAPISITLDDTKPDGSLPAIMGFILARKADR
LAKLHKEIRKKKICELYAKVLGSQEALHPVHYEEKNWCEEQYSGGCYTAYFPPGIMTQYG
RVIRQPVGRIFFAGTETATKWSGYMEGAVEAGERAAREVLNGLGKVTEKDIWVQEPESKD
VPAVEITHTFWERNLPSVSGLLKIIGFSTSVTALGFVLYKYKLLPRS
Enzyme 3 Number of Residues 527
Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight 59682
Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI 7.96
Enzyme 3 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 3 General Function Amino acid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 3 Specific Function Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAOA preferentially oxidizes biogenic amines such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine and epinephrine
Enzyme 3 Pathways
Enzyme 3 Reactions
  • RCH2NH2 + H2O + O2 = RCHO + ammonia + H2O2
Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 3 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • 498-518
Enzyme 3 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein 187353 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P21397 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name AOFA_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB ID 1O5W Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB File Show
Enzyme 3 3D Structure
Enzyme 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence >1584 bp
ATGGAGAATCAAGAGAAGGCGAGTATCGCGGGCCACATGTTCGACGTAGTCGTGATCGGA
GGTGGCATTTCAGGACTATCTGCTGCCAAACTCTTGACTGAATATGGCGTTAGTGTTTTG
GTTTTAGAAGCTCGGGACAGGGTTGGAGGAAGAACATATACTATAAGGAATGAGCATGTT
GATTACGTAGATGTTGGTGGAGCTTATGTGGGACCAACCCAAAACAGAATCTTACGCTTG
TCTAAGGAGCTGGGCATAGAGACTTACAAAGTGAATGTCAGTGAGCGTCTCGTTCAATAT
GTCAAGGGGAAAACATATCCATTTCGGGGCGCCTTTCCACCAGTATGGAATCCCATTGCA
TATTTGGATTACAATAATCTGTGGAGGACAATAGATAACATGGGGAAGGAGATTCCAACT
GATGCACCCTGGGAGGCTCAACATGCTGACAAATGGGACAAAATGACCATGAAAGAGCTC
ATTGACAAAATCTGCTGGACAAAGACTGCTAGGCGGTTTGCTTATCTTTTTGTGAATATC
AATGTGACCTCTGAGCCTCACGAAGTGTCTGCCCTGTGGTTCTTGTGGTATGTGAAGCAG
TGCGGGGGCACCACTCGGATATTCTCTGTCACCAATGGTGGCCAGGAACGGAAGTTTGTA
GGTGGATCTGGTCAAGTGAGCGAACGGATAATGGACCTCCTCGGAGACCAAGTGAAGCTG
AACCATCCTGTCACTCACGTTGACCAGTCAAGTGACAACATCATCATAGAGACGCTGAAC
CATGAACATTATGAGTGCAAATACGTAATTAATGCGATCCCTCCGACCTTGACTGCCAAG
ATTCACTTCAGACCAGAGCTTCCAGCAGAGAGAAACCAGTTAATTCAGCGGCTTCCAATG
GGAGCTGTCATTAAGTGCATGATGTATTACAAGGAGGCCTTCTGGAAGAAGAAGGATTAC
TGTGGCTGCATGATCATTGAAGATGAAGATGCTCCAATTTCAATAACCTTGGATGACACC
AAGCCTGATGGGTCACTGCCTGCCATCATGGGCTTCATTCTTGCCCGGAAAGCTGATCGA
CTTGCTAAGCTACATAAGGAAATAAGGAAGAAGAAAATCTGTGAGCTCTATGCCAAAGTG
CTGGGATCCCAAGAAGCTTTACATCCAGTGCATTATGAAGAGAAGAACTGGTGTGAGGAG
CAGTACTCTGGGGGCTGCTACACGGCCTACTTCCCTCCTGGGATCATGACTCAATATGGA
AGGGTGATTCGTCAACCCGTGGGCAGGATTTTCTTTGCGGGCACAGAGACTGCCACAAAG
TGGAGCGGCTACATGGAAGGGGCAGTTGAGGCTGGAGAACGAGCAGCTAGGGAGGTCTTA
AATGGTCTCGGGAAGGTGACCGAGAAAGATATCTGGGTACAAGAACCTGAATCAAAGGAC
GTTCCAGCGGTAGAAATCACCCACACCTTCTGGGAAAGGAACCTGCCCTCTGTTTCTGGC
CTGCTGAAGATCATTGGATTTTCCACATCAGTAACTGCCCTGGGGTTTGTGCTGTACAAA
TACAAGCTCCTGCCACGGTCTTGA
Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID M68840 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID MAOA Link Image
Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID MAOA Link Image
Enzyme 3 HGNC ID HGNC:6833 Link Image
Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location X
Enzyme 3 Locus Xp11.3
Enzyme 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 3 General References
  1. Hsu YP, Weyler W, Chen S, Sims KB, Rinehart WB, Utterback MC, Powell JF, Breakefield XO: Structural features of human monoamine oxidase A elucidated from cDNA and peptide sequences. J Neurochem. 1988 Oct;51(4):1321-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Bach AW, Lan NC, Johnson DL, Abell CW, Bembenek ME, Kwan SW, Seeburg PH, Shih JC: cDNA cloning of human liver monoamine oxidase A and B: molecular basis of differences in enzymatic properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jul;85(13):4934-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Zhu QS, Grimsby J, Chen K, Shih JC: Promoter organization and activity of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B genes. J Neurosci. 1992 Nov;12(11):4437-46. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Denney RM: The promoter of the human monoamine oxidase A gene. Prog Brain Res. 1995;106:57-66. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Denney RM, Sharma A, Dave SK, Waguespack A: A new look at the promoter of the human monoamine oxidase A gene: mapping transcription initiation sites and capacity to drive luciferase expression. J Neurochem. 1994 Sep;63(3):843-56. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Chen SA, Weyler W: Partial amino acid sequence analysis of human placenta monoamine oxidase A and bovine liver monoamine oxidase B. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1988 Oct 14;156(1):445-50. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Weyler W: Monoamine oxidase A from human placenta and monoamine oxidase B from bovine liver both have one FAD per subunit. Biochem J. 1989 Jun 15;260(3):725-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Li M, Hubalek F, Newton-Vinson P, Edmondson DE: High-level expression of human liver monoamine oxidase A in Pichia pastoris: comparison with the enzyme expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Protein Expr Purif. 2002 Feb;24(1):152-62. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 3 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 4 [top]
Enzyme 4 ID 5420
Enzyme 4 Name Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
Enzyme 4 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 4 Gene Name MTHFR
Enzyme 4 Protein Sequence >Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
MVNEARGNSSLNPCLEGSASSGSESSKDSSRCSTPGLDPERHERLREKMRRRLESGDKWF
SLEFFPPRTAEGAVNLISRFDRMAAGGPLYIDVTWHPAGDPGSDKETSSMMIASTAVNYC
GLETILHMTCCRQRLEEITGHLHKAKQLGLKNIMALRGDPIGDQWEEEEGGFNYAVDLVK
HIRSEFGDYFDICVAGYPKGHPEAGSFEADLKHLKEKVSAGADFIITQLFFEADTFFRFV
KACTDMGITCPIVPGIFPIQGYHSLRQLVKLSKLEVPQEIKDVIEPIKDNDAAIRNYGIE
LAVSLCQELLASGLVPGLHFYTLNREMATTEVLKRLGMWTEDPRRPLPWALSAHPKRREE
DVRPIFWASRPKSYIYRTQEWDEFPNGRWGNSSSPAFGELKDYYLFYLKSKSPKEELLKM
WGEELTSEESVFEVFVLYLSGEPNRNGHKVTCLPWNDEPLAAETSLLKEELLRVNRQGIL
TINSQPNINGKPSSDPIVGWGPSGGYVFQKAYLEFFTSRETAEALLQVLKKYELRVNYHL
VNVKGENITNAPELQPNAVTWGIFPGREIIQPTVVDPVSFMFWKDEAFALWIERWGKLYE
EESPSRTIIQYIHDNYFLVNLVDNDFPLDNCLWQVVEDTLELLNRPTQNARETEAP
Enzyme 4 Number of Residues 656
Enzyme 4 Molecular Weight 74597
Enzyme 4 Theoretical pI 5.00
Enzyme 4 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH) activity
  • methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH) activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
Process
  • amino acid and derivative metabolism
  • amino acid metabolism
  • cellular metabolism
  • metabolism
  • methionine metabolism
  • physiological process
  • sulfur amino acid metabolism
Component
Enzyme 4 General Function Amino acid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 4 Specific Function Catalyzes the conversion of 5,10- methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, a co- substrate for homocysteine remethylation to methionine
Enzyme 4 Pathways
Enzyme 4 Reactions
  • 5-methyltetrahydrofolate + NADP+ = 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NADPH + H+
Enzyme 4 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 4 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 4 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 4 GenBank ID Protein 6139053 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P42898 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name MTHR_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 4 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 4 Gene Sequence >1971 bp
ATGGTGAACGAAGCCAGAGGAAACAGCAGCCTCAACCCCTGCTTGGAGGGCAGTGCCAGC
AGTGGCAGTGAGAGCTCCAAAGATAGTTCGAGATGTTCCACCCCGGGCCTGGACCCTGAG
CGGCATGAGAGACTCCGGGAGAAGATGAGGCGGCGATTGGAATCTGGTGACAAGTGGTTC
TCCCTGGAATTCTTCCCTCCTCGAACTGCTGAGGGAGCTGTCAATCTCATCTCAAGGTTT
GACCGGATGGCAGCAGGTGGCCCCCTCTACATAGACGTGACCTGGCACCCAGCAGGTGAC
CCTGGCTCAGACAAGGAGACCTCCTCCATGATGATCGCCAGCACCGCCGTGAACTACTGT
GGCCTGGAGACCATCCTGCACATGACCTGCTGCCGTCAGCGCCTGGAGGAGATCACGGGC
CATCTGCACAAAGCTAAGCAGCTGGGCCTGAAGAACATCATGGCGCTGCGGGGAGACCCA
ATAGGTGACCAGTGGGAAGAGGAGGAGGGAGGCTTCAACTACGCAGTGGACCTGGTGAAG
CACATCCGAAGTGAGTTTGGTGACTACTTTGACATCTGTGTGGCAGGTTACCCCAAAGGC
CACCCCGAAGCAGGGAGCTTTGAGGCTGACCTGAAGCACTTGAAGGAGAAGGTGTCTGCG
GGAGCCGATTTCATCATCACGCAGCTTTTCTTTGAGGCTGACACATTCTTCCGCTTTGTG
AAGGCATGCACCGACATGGGCATCACTTGCCCCATCGTCCCCGGGATCTTTCCCATCCAG
GGCTACCACTCCCTTCGGCAGCTTGTGAAGCTGTCCAAGCTGGAGGTGCCACAGGAGATC
AAGGACGTGATTGAGCCAATCAAAGACAACGATGCTGCCATCCGCAACTATGGCATCGAG
CTGGCCGTGAGCCTGTGCCAGGAGCTTCTGGCCAGTGGCTTGGTGCCAGGCCTCCACTTC
TACACCCTCAACCGCGAGATGGCTACCACAGAGGTGCTGAAGCGCCTGGGGATGTGGACT
GAGGACCCCAGGCGTCCCCTACCCTGGGCTCTCAGTGCCCACCCCAAGCGCCGAGAGGAA
GATGTACGTCCCATCTTCTGGGCCTCCAGACCAAAGAGTTACATCTACCGTACCCAGGAG
TGGGACGAGTTCCCTAACGGCCGCTGGGGCAATTCCTCTTCCCCTGCCTTTGGGGAGCTG
AAGGACTACTACCTCTTCTACCTGAAGAGCAAGTCCCCCAAGGAGGAGCTGCTGAAGATG
TGGGGGGAGGAGCTGACCAGTGAAGCAAGTGTCTTTGAAGTCTTTGTTCTTTACCTCTCG
GGAGAACCAAACCGGAATGGTCACAAAGTGACTTGCCTGCCCTGGAACGATGAGCCCCTG
GCGGCTGAGACCAGCCTGCTGAAGGAGGAGCTGCTGCGGGTGAACCGCCAGGGCATCCTC
ACCATCAACTCACAGCCCAACATCAACGGGAAGCCGTCCTCCGACCCCATCGTGGGCTGG
GGCCCCAGCGGGGGCTATGTCTTCCAGAAGGCCTACTTAGAGTTTTTCACTTCCCGCGAG
ACAGCGGAAGCACTTCTGCAAGTGCTGAAGAAGTACGAGCTCCGGGTTAATTACCACCTT
GTCAATGTGAAGGGTGAAAACATCACCAATGCCCCTGAACTGCAGCCGAATGCTGTCACT
TGGGGCATCTTCCCTGGGCGAGAGATCATCCAGCCCACCGTAGTGGATCCCGTCAGCTTC
ATGTTCTGGAAGGACGAGGCCTTTGCCCTGTGGATTGAGCGGTGGGGAAAGCTGTATGAG
GAGGAGTCCCCGTCCCGCACCATCATCCAGTACATCCACGACAACTACTTCCTGGTCAAC
CTGGTGGACAATGACTTCCCACTGGACAACTGCCTCTGGCAGGTGGTGGAAGACACATTG
GAGCTTCTCAACAGGCCCACCCAGAATGCGAGAGAAACGGAGGCTCCATGA
Enzyme 4 GenBank Gene ID U09806 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GeneCard ID MTHFR Link Image
Enzyme 4 GenAtlas ID MTHFR Link Image
Enzyme 4 HGNC ID HGNC:7436 Link Image
Enzyme 4 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 4 Locus 1p36.3
Enzyme 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 4 General References
  1. Goyette P, Sumner JS, Milos R, Duncan AM, Rosenblatt DS, Matthews RG, Rozen R: Human methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase: isolation of cDNA, mapping and mutation identification. Nat Genet. 1994 Jun;7(2):195-200. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Goyette P, Sumner JS, Milos R, Duncan AM, Rosenblatt DS, Matthews RG, Rozen R: Human methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase: isolation of cDNA mapping and mutation identification. Nat Genet. 1994 Aug;7(4):551. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Goyette P, Pai A, Milos R, Frosst P, Tran P, Chen Z, Chan M, Rozen R: Gene structure of human and mouse methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) Mamm Genome. 1998 Aug;9(8):652-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Goyette P, Frosst P, Rosenblatt DS, Rozen R: Seven novel mutations in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and genotype/phenotype correlations in severe methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 May;56(5):1052-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Frosst P, Blom HJ, Milos R, Goyette P, Sheppard CA, Matthews RG, Boers GJ, den Heijer M, Kluijtmans LA, van den Heuvel LP, et al.: A candidate genetic risk factor for vascular disease: a common mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. Nat Genet. 1995 May;10(1):111-3. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Goyette P, Christensen B, Rosenblatt DS, Rozen R: Severe and mild mutations in cis for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, and description of five novel mutations in MTHFR. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 Dec;59(6):1268-75. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Schneider JA, Rees DC, Liu YT, Clegg JB: Worldwide distribution of a common methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation. Am J Hum Genet. 1998 May;62(5):1258-60. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. van der Put NM, Gabreels F, Stevens EM, Smeitink JA, Trijbels FJ, Eskes TK, van den Heuvel LP, Blom HJ: A second common mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene: an additional risk factor for neural-tube defects? Am J Hum Genet. 1998 May;62(5):1044-51. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Kluijtmans LA, Wendel U, Stevens EM, van den Heuvel LP, Trijbels FJ, Blom HJ: Identification of four novel mutations in severe methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency. Eur J Hum Genet. 1998 May-Jun;6(3):257-65. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Weisberg I, Tran P, Christensen B, Sibani S, Rozen R: A second genetic polymorphism in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) associated with decreased enzyme activity. Mol Genet Metab. 1998 Jul;64(3):169-72. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Sibani S, Christensen B, O'Ferrall E, Saadi I, Hiou-Tim F, Rosenblatt DS, Rozen R: Characterization of six novel mutations in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene in patients with homocystinuria. Hum Mutat. 2000;15(3):280-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 4 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 5 [top]
Enzyme 5 ID 5606
Enzyme 5 Name Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form
Enzyme 5 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 5 Gene Name PYGL
Enzyme 5 Protein Sequence >Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form
MAKPLTDQEKRRQISIRGIVGVENVAELKKSFNRHLHFTLVKDRNVATTRDYYFALAHTV
RDHLVGRWIRTQQHYYDKCPKRVYYLSLEFYMGRTLQNTMINLGLQNACDEAIYQLGLDI
EELEEIEEDAGLGNGGLGRLAACFLDSMATLGLAAYGYGIRYEYGIFNQKIRDGWQVEEA
DDWLRYGNPWEKSRPEFMLPVHFYGKVEHTNTGTKWIDTQVVLALPYDTPVPGYMNNTVN
TMRLWSARAPNDFNLRDFNVGDYIQAVLDRNLAENISRVLYPNDNFFEGKELRLKQEYFV
VAATLQDIIRRFKASKFGSTRGAGTVFDAFPDQVAIQLNDTHPALAIPELMRIFVDIEKL
PWSKAWELTQKTFAYTNHTVLPEALERWPVDLVEKLLPRHLEIIYEINQKHLDRIVALFP
KDVDRLRRMSLIEEEGSKRINMAHLCIVGSHAVNGVAKIHSDIVKTKVFKDFSELEPDKF
QNKTNGITPRRWLLLCNPGLAELIAEKIGEDYVKDLSQLTKLHSFLGDDVFLRELAKVKQ
ENKLKFSQFLETEYKVKINPSSMFDVQVKRIHEYKRQLLNCLHVITMYNRIKKDPKKLFV
PRTVIIGGKAAPGYHMAKMIIKLITSVADVVNNDPMVGSKLKVIFLENYRVSLAEKVIPA
TDLSEQISTAGTEASGTGNMKFMLNGALTIGTMDGANVEMAEEAGEENLFIFGMRIDDVA
ALDKKGYEAKEYYEALPELKLVIDQIDNGFFSPKQPDLFKDIINMLFYHDRFKVFADYEA
YVKCQDKVSQLYMNPKAWNTMVLKNIAASGKFSSDRTIKEYAQNIWNVEPSDLKISLSNE
SNKVNGN
Enzyme 5 Number of Residues 847
Enzyme 5 Molecular Weight 97150
Enzyme 5 Theoretical pI 7.17
Enzyme 5 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • phosphorylase activity
  • pyridoxal phosphate binding
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups
  • transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
  • vitamin binding
Process
  • carbohydrate metabolism
  • macromolecule metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 5 General Function Carbohydrate transport and metabolism
Enzyme 5 Specific Function Phosphorylase is an important allosteric enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Enzymes from different sources differ in their regulatory mechanisms and in their natural substrates. However, all known phosphorylases share catalytic and structural properties
Enzyme 5 Pathways
Enzyme 5 Reactions
  • (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate = (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
Enzyme 5 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 5 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 5 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 5 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 5 GenBank ID Protein 183353 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P06737 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PYGL_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 5 PDB ID 1L7X Link Image
Enzyme 5 PDB File Show
Enzyme 5 3D Structure
Enzyme 5 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 5 Gene Sequence >2544 bp
ATGGGCGAACCGCTGACAGACCAGGAGAAGCGGCGGCAGATCAGCATCCGCGGCATCGTG
GGCGTGGAGAACGTGGCAGAGCTGAAGAAGAGTTTCAACCGGCACCTGCACTTCACGCTG
GTCAAGGACCGCAACGTGGCCACCACCCGCGACTACTACTTCGCGCTGGCGCACACGGTG
CGGGACCACCTGGTGGGGCGCTGGATCCGCACGCAGCAGCACTACTACGACAAGTGCCCC
AAGAGGGAATATTACCTCTCTCTGGAATTTTACATGGGCCGAACATTACAGAACACCATG
ATCAACCTCGGTCTGCAAAATGCCTGTGATGAGGCCATTTACCAGCTTGGATTGGATATA
GAAGAGTTAGAAGAAATTGAAGAAGATGCTGGACTTGGCAATGGTGGTCTTGGGAGACTT
GCTGCCTGCTTCTTGGATTCCATGGCAACCCTGGGACTTGCAGCCTATGGATACGGCATT
CGGTATGAATATGGGATTTTCAATCAGAAGATCCGAGATGGATGGCAGGTAGAAGAAGCA
GATGATTGGCTCAGATATGGAAACCCTTGGGAGAAGTCCCGCCCAGAATTCATGCTGCCT
GTGCACTTCTATGGAAAAGTAGAACACACCAACACCGGGACCAAGTGGATTGACACTCAA
GTGGTCCTGGCTCTGCCATATGACACCCCCGAGCCCGGCTACATGAATAACACTGTCAAC
ACCATGCGCCTCTGGTCTGCTCGGGCACCAAATGACTTTAACCTCAGAGACTTTAATGTT
GGAGACTACATTCAGGCTGTGCTGGACCGAAACCTGGCCGAGAACATCTCCCGGGTCCTC
TATCCCAATGACAATTTTTTTGAAGGGAAGGAGCTAAGATTGAAGCAGGAATACTTTGTG
GTGGCTGCAACCTTGCAAGATATCATCCGCCGTTTCAAAGCCTCCAAGTTTGGCTCCACC
CGTGGTCAAGGAACTGTGTTTGATGCCTTCCCGGATCAGGTGGCCATCCAGCTGAATGAT
ACTCACCCTCGCATCGCGATCCCTGAGCTGATGAGGATTTTTGTGGATATTGAAAAACTG
CCCTGGTCCAAGGCATGGGAGCTCAACCAGAAGACCTTCGCCTACACCAACCACACAGTG
CTCCCGGAAGCCCTGGAGCGCTGGCCCGTGGACCTGGTGGAGAAGCTGCTCCCTCGACAT
TTGGAAATCATTTATGAGATAAATCAGAAGCATTTAGATAGAATTGTGGCCTTGTTTCCT
AAAGATGTGGACCCTCTGAGAAGGATGTCTCTGATAGAAGAGGAAGGAAGCAAAAGGATC
AACATGGCCCATCTCTGCATTGTCGGTTCCCATGCTGTGAATGGCGTGGCTAAAATCCAC
TCAGACATCGTGAAGACTAAAGTATTCAAGGACTTCAGTGAGCTAGAACCTGACAAGTTT
CAGAATAAAACCAATGGGATCACTCCAAGGCGCTGGCTCCTACTCTGCAACCCAGGACTT
GCAGAGCTCATAGCAGAGAAAATTGGAGAAGACTATGTGAAAGACCTGAGCCAGCTGACG
AAGCTCCACAGCTTCCTGGGTGATGATGTCTTCCTCCGGGAACTCGCCAAGGTGAAGCAG
GAGAATAAGCTGAAGTTTTCTCAGTTCCTGGAGACGGAGTACAAAGTGAAGATCAACCCA
TCCTCCATGTTTGATGTCCAGGTGAAGAGGATACATGAGTACAAGCGACAGCTCTTGAAC
TGTCTGCATGTGATCACGATGTACAACCGCATTAAGAAAGACCCTAAGAAGTTATTCGTG
CCAAGGACAGTTATCATTGGTGGTAAAGCTGCCCCAGGATATCACATGGCCAAAATGATC
ATAAAGCTGATCACTTCAGTGGCAGATGTGGTGAACAATGACCCTATGGTTGGAAGCAAG
TTGAAAGTCATCTTCTTGGAGAACTACAGAGTATCTCTTGCTGAAAAAGTCATTCCAGCC
ACAGATCTGTCAGAGCAGATTTCCACTGCAGGCACCGAAGCCTCGGGGACAGGCAATATG
AAGTTCATGCTAAATGGGGCCCTAACTATCGGGACCATGGATGGGGCCAATGTGGAAATG
GCAGAAGAAGCTGGGGAAGAGAACCTGTTCATCTTTGGCATGAGCATAGATGATGTGGCT
GCTTTGGACAAGAAAGGGTACGAGGCAAAAGAATACTATGAGGCACTTCCAGAGCTGAAG
CTGGTCATTGATCAAATTGACAATGGCTTTTTTTCTCCCAAGCAGCCTGACCTCTTCAAA
GATATCATCAACATGCTATTTTATCATGACAGGTTTAAAGTCTTTGCAGACTACGAAGCC
TATGTCAAGTGTCAAGATAAAGTGAGTCAGCTGTACATGAATCCAAAGGCCTGGAACACA
ATGGTACTCAAAAACATAGCTGCCTCGGGGAAATTCTCCAGTGACCGAACAATTAAAGAA
TATGCCCAAAACATCTGGAACGTGGAACCTTCAGATCTAAAGATTTCTCTATCCAATGAA
TCTAACAAAGTCAATGGAAATTGA
Enzyme 5 GenBank Gene ID M14636 Link Image
Enzyme 5 GeneCard ID PYGL Link Image
Enzyme 5 GenAtlas ID PYGL Link Image
Enzyme 5 HGNC ID HGNC:9725 Link Image
Enzyme 5 Chromosome Location 14
Enzyme 5 Locus 14q21-q22
Enzyme 5 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 5 General References
  1. Newgard CB, Nakano K, Hwang PK, Fletterick RJ: Sequence analysis of the cDNA encoding human liver glycogen phosphorylase reveals tissue-specific codon usage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Nov;83(21):8132-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Chang S, Rosenberg MJ, Morton H, Francomano CA, Biesecker LG: Identification of a mutation in liver glycogen phosphorylase in glycogen storage disease type VI. Hum Mol Genet. 1998 May;7(5):865-70. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Burwinkel B, Bakker HD, Herschkovitz E, Moses SW, Shin YS, Kilimann MW: Mutations in the liver glycogen phosphorylase gene (PYGL) underlying glycogenosis type VI. Am J Hum Genet. 1998 Apr;62(4):785-91. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Gorin FA, Mullinax RL, Ignacio PC, Neve RL, Kurnit DM: McArdle's & Hers' diseases: glycogen phosphorylase transcriptional expression in human tissues. J Neurogenet. 1987 Dec;4(6):293-308. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Rath VL, Ammirati M, Danley DE, Ekstrom JL, Gibbs EM, Hynes TR, Mathiowetz AM, McPherson RK, Olson TV, Treadway JL, Hoover DJ: Human liver glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors bind at a new allosteric site. Chem Biol. 2000 Sep;7(9):677-82. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Rath VL, Ammirati M, LeMotte PK, Fennell KF, Mansour MN, Danley DE, Hynes TR, Schulte GK, Wasilko DJ, Pandit J: Activation of human liver glycogen phosphorylase by alteration of the secondary structure and packing of the catalytic core. Mol Cell. 2000 Jul;6(1):139-48. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Ekstrom JL, Pauly TA, Carty MD, Soeller WC, Culp J, Danley DE, Hoover DJ, Treadway JL, Gibbs EM, Fletterick RJ, Day YS, Myszka DG, Rath VL: Structure-activity analysis of the purine binding site of human liver glycogen phosphorylase. Chem Biol. 2002 Aug;9(8):915-24. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 5 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 6 [top]
Enzyme 6 ID 5974
Enzyme 6 Name Flavin reductase
Enzyme 6 Synonyms
  1. FR
  2. NADPH-dependent diaphorase
  3. NADPH-flavin reductase
  4. FLR
  5. Biliverdin reductase B
  6. BVR-B
  7. Biliverdin-IX beta-reductase
  8. Green heme-binding protein
  9. GHBP
Enzyme 6 Gene Name BLVRB
Enzyme 6 Protein Sequence >Flavin reductase
MAVKKIAIFGATGQTGLTTLAQAVQAGYEVTVLVRDSSRLPSEGPRPAHVVVGDVLQAAD
VDKTVAGQDAVIVLLGTRNDLSPTTVMSEGARNIVAAMKAHGVDKVVACTSAFLLWDPTK
VPPRLQAVTDDHIRMHKVLRESGLKYVAVMPPHIGDQPLTGAYTVTLDGRGPSRVISKHD
LGHFMLRCLTTDEYDGHSTYPSHQYQ
Enzyme 6 Number of Residues 206
Enzyme 6 Molecular Weight 22120
Enzyme 6 Theoretical pI 7.76
Enzyme 6 GO Classification
Function
  • NAD binding
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • coenzyme binding
  • cofactor binding
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • metabolism
  • nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
  • nucleotide-sugar metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 6 General Function Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis
Enzyme 6 Specific Function Catalyzes electron transfer from reduced pyridine nucleotides to flavins as well as methylene blue, pyrroloquinoline quinone, riboflavin, or methemoglobin. Possible role in protecting cells from oxidative damage or in regulating iron metabolism. In the liver, converts biliverdin to bilirubin
Enzyme 6 Pathways
Enzyme 6 Reactions
  • reduced riboflavin + NADP+ = riboflavin + NADPH + H+
Enzyme 6 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 6 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 6 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 6 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 6 GenBank ID Protein 1384068 Link Image
Enzyme 6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P30043 Link Image
Enzyme 6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name BLVRB_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 6 PDB ID 1HE5 Link Image
Enzyme 6 PDB File Show
Enzyme 6 3D Structure
Enzyme 6 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 6 Gene Sequence >621 bp
ATGGCCGTCAAGAAGATCGCGATCTTCGGCGCCACTGGCCAGACCGGGCTCACCACCCTG
GCGCAGGCGGTGCAAGCAGGTTACGAAGTGACAGTGCTGGTGCGGGACTCCTCCAGGCTG
CCATCAGAGGGGCCCCGGCCGGCCCACGTGGTAGTGGGAGATGTTCTGCAGGCAGCCGAT
GTGGACAAGACCGTGGCTGGGCAGGACGCTGTCATCGTGCTGCTGGGCACCCGCAATGAC
CTCAGTCCCACGACAGTGATGTCCGAGGGCGCCCGGAACATTGTGGCAGCCATGAAGGCT
CATGGTGTGGACAAGGTCGTGGCCTGCACCTCGGCTTTCCTGCTCTGGGACCCTACCAAG
GTGCCCCCACGACTGCAGGCTGTGACTGATGACCACATCCGGATGCACAAGGTGCTGCGG
GAATCAGGCCTGAAGTACGTGGCTGTGATGCCGCCACACATAGGAGACCAGCCACTAACT
GGGGCGTACACAGTGACCCTGGATGGACGAGGGCCCTCAAGGGTCATCTCCAAACATGAC
CTGGGCCATTTCATGCTGCGCTGCCTCACCACCGATGAGTACGACGGACACAGCACCTAC
CCCTCCCACCAGTACCAGTAG
Enzyme 6 GenBank Gene ID D26308 Link Image
Enzyme 6 GeneCard ID BLVRB Link Image
Enzyme 6 GenAtlas ID BLVRB Link Image
Enzyme 6 HGNC ID HGNC:1063 Link Image
Enzyme 6 Chromosome Location 19
Enzyme 6 Locus 19q13.1-q13.2
Enzyme 6 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 6 General References
  1. Chikuba K, Yubisui T, Shirabe K, Takeshita M: Cloning and nucleotide sequence of a cDNA of the human erythrocyte NADPH-flavin reductase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Feb 15;198(3):1170-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Komuro A, Tobe T, Hashimoto K, Nakano Y, Yamaguchi T, Nakajima H, Tomita M: Molecular cloning and expression of human liver biliverdin-IX beta reductase. Biol Pharm Bull. 1996 Jun;19(6):796-804. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Yamaguchi T, Komuro A, Nakano Y, Tomita M, Nakajima H: Complete amino acid sequence of biliverdin-IX beta reductase from human liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Dec 30;197(3):1518-23. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Yamaguchi T, Komoda Y, Nakajima H: Biliverdin-IX alpha reductase and biliverdin-IX beta reductase from human liver. Purification and characterization. J Biol Chem. 1994 Sep 30;269(39):24343-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Hochstrasser DF, Frutiger S, Paquet N, Bairoch A, Ravier F, Pasquali C, Sanchez JC, Tissot JD, Bjellqvist B, Vargas R, et al.: Human liver protein map: a reference database established by microsequencing and gel comparison. Electrophoresis. 1992 Dec;13(12):992-1001. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Golaz O, Hughes GJ, Frutiger S, Paquet N, Bairoch A, Pasquali C, Sanchez JC, Tissot JD, Appel RD, Walzer C, et al.: Plasma and red blood cell protein maps: update 1993. Electrophoresis. 1993 Nov;14(11):1223-31. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Shalloe F, Elliott G, Ennis O, Mantle TJ: Evidence that biliverdin-IX beta reductase and flavin reductase are identical. Biochem J. 1996 Jun 1;316 ( Pt 2):385-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Pereira PJ, Macedo-Ribeiro S, Parraga A, Perez-Luque R, Cunningham O, Darcy K, Mantle TJ, Coll M: Structure of human biliverdin IXbeta reductase, an early fetal bilirubin IXbeta producing enzyme. Nat Struct Biol. 2001 Mar;8(3):215-20. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 6 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 7 [top]
Enzyme 7 ID 6348
Enzyme 7 Name Riboflavin kinase
Enzyme 7 Synonyms
  1. ATP:riboflavin 5'-phosphotransferase
  2. Flavokinase
Enzyme 7 Gene Name RFK
Enzyme 7 Protein Sequence >Riboflavin kinase
MPRADCIMRHLPYFCRGQVVRGFGRGSKQLGIPTANFPEQVVDNLPADISTGIYYGWASV
GSGDVHKMVVSIGWNPYYKNTKKSMETHIMHTFKEDFYGEILNVAIVGYLRPEKNFDSLE
SLISAIQGDIEEAKKRLELPEHLKIKEDNFFQVSKSKIMNGH
Enzyme 7 Number of Residues 162
Enzyme 7 Molecular Weight 18410
Enzyme 7 Theoretical pI 8.22
Enzyme 7 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • kinase activity
  • riboflavin kinase activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
  • riboflavin and derivative metabolism
  • riboflavin biosynthesis
  • riboflavin metabolism
  • vitamin metabolism
  • water-soluble vitamin metabolism
Component
Enzyme 7 General Function Coenzyme transport and metabolism
Enzyme 7 Specific Function Catalyzes the phosphorylation of riboflavin (vitamin B2) to form flavin-mononucleotide (FMN)
Enzyme 7 Pathways
Enzyme 7 Reactions
  • ATP + riboflavin = ADP + FMN
Enzyme 7 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 7 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 7 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 7 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 7 GenBank ID Protein 7023634 Link Image
Enzyme 7 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q969G6 Link Image
Enzyme 7 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name RIFK_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 7 PDB ID 1Q9S Link Image
Enzyme 7 PDB File Show
Enzyme 7 3D Structure
Enzyme 7 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 7 Gene Sequence >489 bp
ATGCCCCGAGCGGACTGCATTATGAGGCACCTGCCTTACTTCTGCCGGGGTCAAGTGGTG
CGGGGCTTCGGCCGCGGCTCCAAGCAGCTGGGCATCCCCACAGCTAATTTTCCTGAGCAA
GTGGTAGATAATCTTCCAGCTGATATATCCACTGGTATTTACTATGGTTGGGCCAGTGTT
GGAAGTGGAGATGTCCATAAGATGGTGGTGAGCATAGGATGGAACCCATATTACAAGAAT
ACGAAGAAGTCTATGGAAACACATATCATGCATACCTTCAAAGAGGACTTCTATGGGGAA
ATCCTCAGTGTGGCCATTGTTGGCTACCTGAGACCAGAAAAGAACTTTGATTCTTTAGAG
TCACTTATTTCAGCAATTCAAGGTGATATTGAAGAAGCTAAGAAACGACTAGAGTTACCA
GAACATTTGAAAATCAAAGAAGACAATTTCTTCCAGGTTTCTAAAAGCAAAATAATGAAT
GGCCACTGA
Enzyme 7 GenBank Gene ID AK002011 Link Image
Enzyme 7 GeneCard ID RFK Link Image
Enzyme 7 GenAtlas ID RFK Link Image
Enzyme 7 HGNC ID HGNC:30324 Link Image
Enzyme 7 Chromosome Location 9
Enzyme 7 Locus 9q21.13
Enzyme 7 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 7 General References
  1. Karthikeyan S, Zhou Q, Mseeh F, Grishin NV, Osterman AL, Zhang H: Crystal structure of human riboflavin kinase reveals a beta barrel fold and a novel active site arch. Structure. 2003 Mar;11(3):265-73. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 7 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 8 [top]
Enzyme 8 ID 12937
Enzyme 8 Name Lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase type 6 precursor
Enzyme 8 Synonyms
  1. Acid phosphatase 6, lysophosphatidic
  2. Acid phosphatase-like protein 1
  3. PACPL1
Enzyme 8 Gene Name ACP6
Enzyme 8 Protein Sequence >Lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase type 6 precursor
MITGVFSMRLWTPVGVLTSLAYCLHQRRVALAELQEADGQCPVDRSLLKLKMVQVVFRHG
ARSPLKPLPLEEQVEWNPQLLEVPPQTQFDYTVTNLAGGPKPYSPYDSQYHETTLKGGMF
AGQLTKVGMQQMFALGERLRKNYVEDIPFLSPTFNPQEVFIRSTNIFRNLESTRCLLAGL
FQCQKEGPIIIHTDEADSEVLYPNYQSCWSLRQRTRGRRQTASLQPGISEDLKKVKDRMG
IDSSDKVDFFILLDNVAAEQAHNLPSCPMLKRFARMIEQRAVDTSLYILPKEDRESLQMA
VGPFLHILESNLLKAMDSATAPDKIRKLYLYAAHDVTFIPLLMTLGIFDHKWPPFAVDLT
MELYQHLESKEWFVQLYYHGKEQVPRGCPDGLCPLDMFLNAMSVYTLSPEKYHALCSQTQ
VMEVGNEE
Enzyme 8 Number of Residues 428
Enzyme 8 Molecular Weight 48887
Enzyme 8 Theoretical pI 6.44
Enzyme 8 GO Classification
Function
  • acid phosphatase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
  • phosphoric ester hydrolase activity
  • phosphoric monoester hydrolase activity
Process
Component
Enzyme 8 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 8 Specific Function Hydrolyzes lysophosphatidic acid to monoacylglycerol
Enzyme 8 Pathways
Enzyme 8 Reactions
  • a phosphate monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate [RN:R00626] ALL_REAC R00626 > R00548 R03024
Enzyme 8 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 8 Signals
  • 1-32
Enzyme 8 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 8 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 8 GenBank ID Protein 6691475 Link Image
Enzyme 8 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q9NPH0 Link Image
Enzyme 8 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PPA6_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 8 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 8 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 8 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 8 GenBank Gene ID AB031478 Link Image
Enzyme 8 GeneCard ID Q9NPH0 Link Image
Enzyme 8 GenAtlas ID ACP6 Link Image
Enzyme 8 HGNC ID HGNC:29609 Link Image
Enzyme 8 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 8 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 8 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 8 General References
  1. Hiroyama M, Takenawa T: Isolation of a cDNA encoding human lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase that is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial lipid biosynthesis. J Biol Chem. 1999 Oct 8;274(41):29172-80. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Takayama I, Daigo Y, Ward SM, Sanders KM, Walker RL, Horowitz B, Yamanaka T, Fujino MA: Novel human and mouse genes encoding an acid phosphatase family member and its downregulation in W/W(V) mouse jejunum. Gut. 2002 Jun;50(6):790-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, Baker K, Baldwin D, Brush J, Chen J, Chow B, Chui C, Crowley C, Currell B, Deuel B, Dowd P, Eaton D, Foster J, Grimaldi C, Gu Q, Hass PE, Heldens S, Huang A, Kim HS, Klimowski L, Jin Y, Johnson S, Lee J, Lewis L, Liao D, Mark M, Robbie E, Sanchez C, Schoenfeld J, Seshagiri S, Simmons L, Singh J, Smith V, Stinson J, Vagts A, Vandlen R, Watanabe C, Wieand D, Woods K, Xie MH, Yansura D, Yi S, Yu G, Yuan J, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Goddard A, Wood WI, Godowski P, Gray A: The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment. Genome Res. 2003 Oct;13(10):2265-70. Epub 2003 Sep 15. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 8 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 9 [top]
Enzyme 9 ID 15247
Enzyme 9 Name Testicular acid phosphatase
Enzyme 9 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 9 Gene Name ACPT
Enzyme 9 Protein Sequence >Testicular acid phosphatase
MAGLGFWGHPAGPLLLLLLLVLPPRALPEGPLVFVALVFRHGDRAPLASYPMDPHKEVAS
TLWPRGLGQLTTEGVRQQLELGRFLRSRYEAFLSPEYRREEVYIRSTDFDRTLESAQANL
AGLFPEAAPGSPEARWRPIPVHTVPVAEDKLLRFPMRSCPRYHELLREATEAAEYQEALE
GWTGFLSRLENFTGLSLVGEPLRRAWKVLDTLMCQQAHGLPLPAWASPDVLRTLAQISAL
DIGAHVGPPRAAEKAQLTGGILLNAILANFSRVQRLGLPLKMVMYSAHDSTLLALQGALG
LYDGHTPPYAACLGFEFRKHLGNPAKDGGNVTVSLFYRNDSAHLPLPLSLPGCPAPCPLG
RFYQLTAPARPPAHGVSCHGPYEAAIPPAPVVPLLAGAVAVLVALSLGLGLLAWRPGCLR
ALGGPV
Enzyme 9 Number of Residues 426
Enzyme 9 Molecular Weight 46090
Enzyme 9 Theoretical pI 8.29
Enzyme 9 GO Classification
Function
  • acid phosphatase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
  • phosphoric ester hydrolase activity
  • phosphoric monoester hydrolase activity
Process
Component
Enzyme 9 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 9 Specific Function Dephosphorylates receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-4 and inhibits the ligand-induced proteolytic cleavage
Enzyme 9 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 9 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 9 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 9 Signals
  • 1-26
Enzyme 9 Transmembrane Regions
  • 394-414
Enzyme 9 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 9 GenBank ID Protein 12958660 Link Image
Enzyme 9 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q9BZG2 Link Image
Enzyme 9 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PPAT_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 9 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 9 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 9 Gene Sequence >1281 bp
ATGGCCGGCCTGGGGTTTTGGGGCCACCCTGCTGGACCTCTCCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTG
GTGCTGCCACCCCGGGCCCTGCCAGAAGGACCCCTGGTGTTCGTGGCTCTGGTATTCCGC
CATGGCGACCGGGCCCCGCTGGCCTCCTACCCCATGGACCCACACAAGGAGGTGGCCTCC
ACCCTGTGGCCACGAGGCCTGGGCCAGCTGACCACGGAGGGGGTCCGCCAGCAGCTGGAG
CTGGGCCGCTTCCTGAGGAGCCGCTACGAGGCCTTCCTGAGTCCGGAGTACCGGCGGGAG
GAGGTGTACATCCGCAGCACGGACTTTGACCGCACGCTGGAGAGTGCCCAGGCCAACCTT
GCCGGGCTGTTTCCCGAGGCTGCTCCAGGGAGCCCCGAGGCCCGCTGGAGGCCGATCCCG
GTGCACACGGTGCCCGTGGCTGAGGATAAGCTGCTGAGGTTCCCCATGCGCAGCTGTCCC
CGATACCACGAGCTGCTGCGGGAGGCCACCGAGGCCGCCGAGTACCAGGAGGCCCTGGAG
GGCTGGACGGGCTTCCTGAGTCGCCTGGAGAACTTCACGGGACTGTCGCTGGTTGGAGAG
CCACTGCGCAGGGCATGGAAGGTTCTGGACACCCTCATGTGCCAGCAAGCCCACGGTCTT
CCACTACCAGCCTGGGCCTCCCCAGATGTCCTGCGGACTCTTGCCCAGATCTCGGCTTTG
GATATTGGAGCCCACGTGGGCCCACCCCGGGCAGCAGAGAAGGCCCAGCTGACAGGGGGG
ATCCTGCTGAATGCTATCCTTGCAAACTTCTCCCGGGTCCAGCGCCTGGGGCTGCCCCTC
AAGATGGTCATGTACTCAGCTCATGACAGCACCCTGCTGGCCCTCCAGGGGGCCCTGGGC
CTCTATGATGGACACACCCCGCCATATGCTGCCTGCCTCGGCTTTGAGTTCCGGAAGCAC
CTGGGGAATCCCGCCAAAGATGGAGGGAATGTCACCGTCTCCCTCTTCTACCGCAATGAC
TCCGCCCACCTGCCCCTGCCTCTCAGCCTCCCCGGGTGCCCGGCCCCCTGTCCACTAGGC
CGCTTCTACCAGCTGACTGCCCCGGCCCGGCCTCCCGCCCATGGGGTCTCCTGCCATGGC
CCCTATGAGGCTGCCATCCCCCCAGCTCCAGTGGTGCCCCTGCTGGCCGGAGCTGTAGCT
GTGCTGGTGGCACTCAGCTTGGGGCTGGGCCTGCTGGCCTGGAGACCAGGGTGCCTGCGG
GCCTTGGGGGGCCCCGTGTGA
Enzyme 9 GenBank Gene ID AF321918 Link Image
Enzyme 9 GeneCard ID Q9BZG2 Link Image
Enzyme 9 GenAtlas ID ACPT Link Image
Enzyme 9 HGNC ID HGNC:14376 Link Image
Enzyme 9 Chromosome Location 19
Enzyme 9 Locus 19q13.4
Enzyme 9 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 9 General References
  1. Yousef GM, Diamandis M, Jung K, Diamandis EP: Molecular cloning of a novel human acid phosphatase gene (ACPT) that is highly expressed in the testis. Genomics. 2001 Jun 15;74(3):385-95. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 9 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 10 [top]
Enzyme 10 ID 16534
Enzyme 10 Name Putative uncharacterized protein ACP1
Enzyme 10 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 10 Gene Name ACP1
Enzyme 10 Protein Sequence >Putative uncharacterized protein ACP1
MAEQATKSVLFVCLGNICRSPIAEAVFRKLVTDQNISENWRVDSAATSGYEIGNPPDYRG
QSCMKRHGIPMSHVARQVPSLDLKLCVLCFSGSLTAVLFLTGTWAGPQTQEL
Enzyme 10 Number of Residues 112
Enzyme 10 Molecular Weight 12230
Enzyme 10 Theoretical pI 7.85
Enzyme 10 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
  • phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
  • phosphoric ester hydrolase activity
  • phosphoric monoester hydrolase activity
  • protein tyrosine phosphatase activity
Process
  • biopolymer metabolism
  • biopolymer modification
  • macromolecule metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
  • protein amino acid dephosphorylation
  • protein modification
Component
Enzyme 10 General Function Signal transduction mechanisms
Enzyme 10 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 10 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 10 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 10 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 10 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 10 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 10 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 10 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 10 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID B5MCC7 Link Image
Enzyme 10 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name B5MCC7_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 10 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 10 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 10 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 10 GenBank Gene ID AC079779 Link Image
Enzyme 10 GeneCard ID B5MCC7 Link Image
Enzyme 10 GenAtlas ID ACP1 Link Image
Enzyme 10 HGNC ID HGNC:122 Link Image
Enzyme 10 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 10 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 10 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 10 General References Not Available
Enzyme 10 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 11 [top]
Enzyme 11 ID 17012
Enzyme 11 Name Riboflavin transporter 1
Enzyme 11 Synonyms
  1. SubName: G protein-coupled receptor 172B, isoform CRA_a
Enzyme 11 Gene Name RFT1
Enzyme 11 Protein Sequence >Riboflavin transporter 1
MAAPTLGRLVLTHLLVALFGMGSWAAVNGIWVELPVVVKDLPEGWSLPSYLSVVVALGNL
GLLVVTLWRRLAPGKGEQVPIQVVQVLSVVGTALLAPLWHHVAPVAGQLHSVAFLTLALV
LAMACCTSNVTFLPFLSHLPPPFLRSFFLGQGLSALLPCVLALVQGVGRLECPPAPTNGT
SGPPLDFPERFPASTFFWALTALLVTSAAAFRGLLLLLPSLPSVTTGGSGPELQLGSPGA
EEEEKEEEEALPLQEPPSQAAGTIPGPDPEVHQLFSAHGAFLLGLMAFTSAVTNGVLPSV
QSFSCLPYGRLAYHLAVVLGSAANPLACFLAMGVLCRSLAGLVGLSLLGMLFGAYLMALA
ILSPCPPLVGTTAGVVLVVLSWVLCLCVFSYVKVAASSLLHGGGRPALLAAGVAIQVGSL
LGAGAMFPPTSIYHVFQSRKDCVDPCGP
Enzyme 11 Number of Residues 448
Enzyme 11 Molecular Weight 46373
Enzyme 11 Theoretical pI 6.49
Enzyme 11 GO Classification Not Available
Enzyme 11 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 11 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 11 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 11 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 11 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 11 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 11 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 11 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 11 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 11 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID B5MEV1 Link Image
Enzyme 11 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name B5MEV1_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 11 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 11 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 11 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 11 GenBank Gene ID AB362533 Link Image
Enzyme 11 GeneCard ID B5MEV1 Link Image
Enzyme 11 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 11 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 11 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 11 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 11 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 11 General References Not Available
Enzyme 11 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 12 [top]
Enzyme 12 ID 17013
Enzyme 12 Name Riboflavin transporter 1, transcript variant
Enzyme 12 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 12 Gene Name RFT1sv
Enzyme 12 Protein Sequence >Riboflavin transporter 1, transcript variant
MAAPTLGRLVLTHLLVALFGMGSWAAVNGIWVELPVVVKDLPEGEWEGGTGKRGAGMPRK
VACGSSLSLSHCAPDMASFLPCRLEPPLIPLCGCGAGKPGSAGGDPVEAAGPGQGRAGPH
PGGTGAECSGHSPAGPSVAPRGPSGRAAPLCGLPNSGLGVGNGLLYL
Enzyme 12 Number of Residues 167
Enzyme 12 Molecular Weight 16360
Enzyme 12 Theoretical pI 7.76
Enzyme 12 GO Classification Not Available
Enzyme 12 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 12 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 12 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 12 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 12 Pfam Domain Function Not Available
Enzyme 12 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 12 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 12 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 12 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 12 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID B5MEV2 Link Image
Enzyme 12 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name B5MEV2_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 12 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 12 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 12 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 12 GenBank Gene ID AB362534 Link Image
Enzyme 12 GeneCard ID B5MEV2 Link Image
Enzyme 12 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 12 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 12 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 12 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 12 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 12 General References Not Available
Enzyme 12 Metabolite References Not Available