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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2006-08-15 17:25:35 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:49:02 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000464
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00464
Metabolite Identification
Common NameCalcium
DescriptionCalcium is essential for the normal growth and maintenance of bones and teeth, and calcium requirements must be met throughout life. Requirements are greatest during periods of growth, such as childhood, during pregnancy and when breast-feeding. Long-term calcium deficiency can lead to osteoporosis, in which the bone deteriorates and there is an increased risk of fractures. Adults need between 1,000 and 1,300 mg of calcium in their daily diet. Calcium is essential for living organisms, particularly in cell physiology, and is the most common metal in many animals. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. Calcium combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. Calcium is an important component of a healthy diet. A deficit can affect bone and tooth formation, while overretention can cause kidney stones. Vitamin D is needed to absorb calcium. Dairy products, such as milk and cheese, are a well-known source of calcium. However, some individuals are allergic to dairy products and even more people, particularly those of non-European descent, are lactose-intolerant, leaving them unable to consume dairy products. Fortunately, many other good sources of calcium exist. These include: seaweeds such as kelp, wakame and hijiki; nuts and seeds (like almonds and sesame); beans; amaranth; collard greens; okra; rutabaga; broccoli; kale; and fortified products such as orange juice and soy milk. Calcium has also been found to assist in the production of lymphatic fluids. Furthermore, calcium is found to be associated with primary hypomagnesemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism.
Structure
Data?1582752133
Synonyms
ValueSource
Ca(2+)ChEBI
Ca2+ChEBI
CALCIUM ionChEBI
Calcium, doubly charged positive ionChEBI
Calcium(2+)Kegg
CaHMDB
Calcium elementHMDB
Chemical FormulaCa
Average Molecular Weight40.078
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight39.962591155
IUPAC Namecalcium(2+) ion
Traditional Namecalcium(2+) ion
CAS Registry Number7440-70-2
SMILES
[Ca++]
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/Ca/q+2
InChI KeyBHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous alkaline earth metal compounds. These are inorganic compounds containing only metal atoms,with the largest atom being a alkaline earth metal atom.
KingdomInorganic compounds
Super ClassHomogeneous metal compounds
ClassHomogeneous alkaline earth metal compounds
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentHomogeneous alkaline earth metal compounds
Alternative ParentsNot Available
Substituents
  • Homogeneous alkaline earth metal
Molecular FrameworkNot Available
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
Process
Naturally occurring process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point850 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP-0.57ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.09ChemAxon
Physiological Charge2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area0 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity0 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability1.78 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+109.72330932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-107.99930932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-143.20330932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+116.53330932474

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Calcium[Ca++]691.1Standard polar33892256
Calcium[Ca++]273.1Standard non polar33892256
Calcium[Ca++]64.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Saliva
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified1536 +/- 141 uMElderly (>65 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified2120-2700 uMChildren (1-13 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified2120.86-2744.65 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Female
Normal
    • CALIPER Paediatri...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified2295.52-2619.89 uMChildren (1 - <19 years old)Female
Normal
    • CALIPER Paediatri...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified2120.86-2744.65 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Male
Normal
    • CALIPER Paediatri...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified2295.52-2619.89 uMChildren (1 - <19 years old)Male
Normal
    • CALIPER Paediatri...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified2100-2600 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified2100-2500 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified1200-1380 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified1270 +/- 120 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified2220.0 +/- 190.0 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)BothNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified2510.0 +/- 90.0 uMChildren (1-13 years old)BothNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified2430.0 +/- 70.0 uMAdolescent (13-18 years old)BothNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified2100-2700 uMNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified2420.0 (2250.0-2590.0) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified2377.0 +/- 100.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified2352.0 +/- 100.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified2120.864-2495.134 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified2100-2400 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified2100-2550 uMAdult (>18 years old)Female
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified2100-2550 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified2100-2550 uMAdult (>18 years old)Female
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified2100-2550 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified1150-1320 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified1047 +/- 520 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified1190.0 (1020.0 - 1340.0) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified1830 +/- 1020 uMNot SpecifiedBoth
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified690.32 +/- 404.88 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • Zerihun T. Dame, ...
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified3241.679 +/- 2450.721 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified2751.634 +/- 1492.589 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified2060.981 +/- 391.736 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
    • Shatha A Hassan a...
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified1644.294 +/- 321.872 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
    • Shatha A Hassan a...
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified1719.148 +/- 444.134 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
    • Shatha A Hassan a...
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified1579.420 +/- 504.0172 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not Specified
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified1479.615 +/- 331.853 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not Specified
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified1437.197 +/- 269.475 uMAdolescent (13-18 years old)Not Specified
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified1270.0235 +/- 229.552 uMAdolescent (13-18 years old)Not Specified
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified2480 +/- 630 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not Specified
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified990 +/- 760 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not Specified
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified200.0 (16.9-520.0) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified100-300 umol/mmol creatinineNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified391.0 +/- 125.0 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
    • West Cadwell, N.J...
    • Basel, Switzerlan...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified299.0 +/- 99.0 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
    • West Cadwell, N.J...
    • Basel, Switzerlan...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified232-269 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified<700 umol/mmol creatinineNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified<2256.799 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified256.5 +/- 13.00 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified276.00 +/- 19.7 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified1700-2300 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Female
Normal
details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified1472.129 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Male
Primary hypomagnesemia
details
BloodDetected and Quantified1534.508 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Male
Primary hypomagnesemia
details
BloodDetected and Quantified1580 +/- 330 uMChildren (1-13 years old)BothPrimary Hypomagnesemia details
BloodDetected and Quantified2540 (2380-2640) uMChildren (1-13 years old)Both
Bartter Syndrome, Type 3
details
BloodDetected and Quantified2395.329-2869.405 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Primary Hypomagnesemia
details
BloodDetected and Quantified798.443-1047.956 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Primary Hypomagnesemia
details
BloodDetected and Quantified1637 +/- 282 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothMultiple sclerosis details
BloodDetected and Quantified1683 +/- 249 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothParkinson's disease details
BloodDetected and Quantified1980 uMInfant (0-1 year old)FemaleSucrase-isomaltase deficiency details
BloodDetected and Quantified1290-1860 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Not AvailableMitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency details
BloodDetected and Quantified1190 +/- 80 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothDigeorge Syndrome details
BloodDetected and Quantified2310 uMAdolescent (13-18 years old)MaleHypomagnesemia 1, intestinal details
BloodDetected and Quantified2090 uMChildren (1-13 years old)FemaleHypomagnesemia 1, intestinal details
BloodDetected and Quantified1200-2290 uMInfant (0-1 year old)BothHypoparathyroidism-retardation-dysmorphism syndrome details
BloodDetected and Quantified1696.691 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
27-hydroxylase deficiency
details
BloodDetected and Quantified1400 uMInfant (0-1 year old)FemalePyroglutamic aciduria details
BloodDetected and Quantified2120.864 uMChildren (1-13 years old)FemaleHyperphosphatasia details
BloodDetected and Quantified2400(2200-2600) uMChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedOculocerebrorenal Syndrome of Lowe details
BloodDetected and Quantified1714 +/- 132 uMElderly (>65 years old)BothAlzheimer's disease details
BloodDetected and Quantified1047.956 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Female
Bartter Syndrome, Type 1, Antenatal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified1090 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Bartter Syndrome, Type 4A, Neonatal, with Sensorineural Deafness
details
UrineDetected and Quantified1370 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)FemaleBartter Syndrome, Type 4B, Neonatal, With Sensorineural Deafness details
UrineDetected and Quantified6 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)FemaleBartter Syndrome, Type 4B, Neonatal, With Sensorineural Deafness details
UrineDetected and Quantified20-30 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)FemaleBartter Syndrome, Type 4B, Neonatal, With Sensorineural Deafness details
UrineDetected and Quantified186.667-380.667 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)Both
Primary Hypomagnesemia
details
UrineDetected and Quantified199.611-532.295 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Male
Primary Hypomagnesemia
details
UrineDetected and Quantified864.980-1131.128 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Male
Primary Hypomagnesemia
details
UrineDetected and Quantified296.921 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)FemaleSucrase-isomaltase deficiency details
UrineDetected and Quantified3800 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)FemaleBartter Syndrome, Type 2, Antenatal details
UrineDetected and Quantified8180.897-40340.286 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)MaleBartter Syndrome, Type 5, Antenatal, Transient details
UrineDetected and Quantified1500 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)Not Specified
Bartter Syndrome, Type 4A, Neonatal, with Sensorineural Deafness
details
UrineDetected and Quantified1692.599-3385.199 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)Female
Bartter Syndrome, Type 1, Antenatal
details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Alzheimer's disease
  1. Bocca B, Forte G, Petrucci F, Pino A, Marchione F, Bomboi G, Senofonte O, Giubilei F, Alimonti A: Monitoring of chemical elements and oxidative damage in patients affected by Alzheimer's disease. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2005;41(2):197-203. [PubMed:16244393 ]
Multiple sclerosis
  1. Forte G, Visconti A, Santucci S, Ghazaryan A, Figa-Talamanca L, Cannoni S, Bocca B, Pino A, Violante N, Alimonti A, Salvetti M, Ristori G: Quantification of chemical elements in blood of patients affected by multiple sclerosis. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2005;41(2):213-6. [PubMed:16244395 ]
Parkinson's disease
  1. Forte G, Alimonti A, Pino A, Stanzione P, Brescianini S, Brusa L, Sancesario G, Violante N, Bocca B: Metals and oxidative stress in patients with Parkinson's disease. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2005;41(2):189-95. [PubMed:16244392 ]
Primary hypomagnesemia
  1. Vainsel M, Vandevelde G, Smulders J, Vosters M, Hubain P, Loeb H: Tetany due to hypomagnesaemia with secondary hypocalcaemia. Arch Dis Child. 1970 Apr;45(240):254-8. [PubMed:5419995 ]
  2. Shalev H, Phillip M, Galil A, Carmi R, Landau D: Clinical presentation and outcome in primary familial hypomagnesaemia. Arch Dis Child. 1998 Feb;78(2):127-30. [PubMed:9579153 ]
  3. Jin-no Y, Kamiya Y, Okada M, Hirako M, Takada N, Kawaguchi M: Primary hypomagnesemia caused by isolated magnesium malabsorption: atypical case in adult. Intern Med. 1999 Mar;38(3):261-5. [PubMed:10337938 ]
  4. Kari JA, Farouq M, Alshaya HO: Familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis. Pediatr Nephrol. 2003 Jun;18(6):506-10. Epub 2003 Apr 29. [PubMed:12720080 ]
Bartter Syndrome, Type 1, Antenatal
  1. Adachi M, Asakura Y, Sato Y, Tajima T, Nakajima T, Yamamoto T, Fujieda K: Novel SLC12A1 (NKCC2) mutations in two families with Bartter syndrome type 1. Endocr J. 2007 Dec;54(6):1003-7. Epub 2007 Nov 12. [PubMed:17998760 ]
Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis
  1. Agrawal NK, Garg S: Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: a rare disorder with a rare presentation. BMJ Case Rep. 2012 Sep 21;2012. pii: bcr-2012-006202. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2012-006202. [PubMed:23001091 ]
Bartter Syndrome, Type 3
  1. Seys E, Andrini O, Keck M, Mansour-Hendili L, Courand PY, Simian C, Deschenes G, Kwon T, Bertholet-Thomas A, Bobrie G, Borde JS, Bourdat-Michel G, Decramer S, Cailliez M, Krug P, Cozette P, Delbet JD, Dubourg L, Chaveau D, Fila M, Jourde-Chiche N, Knebelmann B, Lavocat MP, Lemoine S, Djeddi D, Llanas B, Louillet F, Merieau E, Mileva M, Mota-Vieira L, Mousson C, Nobili F, Novo R, Roussey-Kesler G, Vrillon I, Walsh SB, Teulon J, Blanchard A, Vargas-Poussou R: Clinical and Genetic Spectrum of Bartter Syndrome Type 3. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017 Aug;28(8):2540-2552. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2016101057. Epub 2017 Apr 5. [PubMed:28381550 ]
Hyperphosphatasia
  1. Saki F, Karamizadeh Z, Nasirabadi S, Mumm S, McAlister WH, Whyte MP: Juvenile paget's disease in an Iranian kindred with vitamin D deficiency and novel homozygous TNFRSF11B mutation. J Bone Miner Res. 2013 Jun;28(6):1501-8. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.1868. [PubMed:23322328 ]
Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency
  1. den Boer ME, Dionisi-Vici C, Chakrapani A, van Thuijl AO, Wanders RJ, Wijburg FA: Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency: a severe fatty acid oxidation disorder with cardiac and neurologic involvement. J Pediatr. 2003 Jun;142(6):684-9. doi: 10.1067/mpd.2003.231. [PubMed:12838198 ]
Digeorge Syndrome
  1. Cheung EN, George SR, Costain GA, Andrade DM, Chow EW, Silversides CK, Bassett AS: Prevalence of hypocalcaemia and its associated features in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2014 Aug;81(2):190-6. doi: 10.1111/cen.12466. Epub 2014 May 27. [PubMed:24735350 ]
Hypomagnesemia 1, intestinal
  1. Hennekam RC, Donckerwolcke RA: Primary hypomagnesaemia, an autosomal recessive inherited disease? Lancet. 1983 Apr 23;1(8330):927. [PubMed:6132241 ]
Hypoparathyroidism-retardation-dysmorphism syndrome
  1. Sanjad SA, Sakati NA, Abu-Osba YK, Kaddoura R, Milner RD: A new syndrome of congenital hypoparathyroidism, severe growth failure, and dysmorphic features. Arch Dis Child. 1991 Feb;66(2):193-6. [PubMed:2001103 ]
Oculocerebrorenal syndrome
  1. Charnas LR, Bernardini I, Rader D, Hoeg JM, Gahl WA: Clinical and laboratory findings in the oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe, with special reference to growth and renal function. N Engl J Med. 1991 May 9;324(19):1318-25. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199105093241904. [PubMed:2017228 ]
Bartter Syndrome, Type 4A, Neonatal, with Sensorineural Deafness
  1. Zaffanello M, Taranta A, Palma A, Bettinelli A, Marseglia GL, Emma F: Type IV Bartter syndrome: report of two new cases. Pediatr Nephrol. 2006 Jun;21(6):766-70. doi: 10.1007/s00467-006-0090-x. Epub 2006 Apr 1. [PubMed:16583241 ]
  2. Heilberg IP, Totoli C, Calado JT: Adult presentation of Bartter syndrome type IV with erythrocytosis. Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2015 Oct-Dec;13(4):604-6. doi: 10.1590/S1679-45082015RC3013. Epub 2015 Oct 30. [PubMed:26537508 ]
Bartter Syndrome, Type 2, Antenatal
  1. Chan WK, To KF, Tong JH, Law CW: Paradoxical hypertension and salt wasting in Type II Bartter syndrome. Clin Kidney J. 2012 Jun;5(3):217-20. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfs026. Epub 2012 Mar 29. [PubMed:26069767 ]
Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency
  1. Belmont JW, Reid B, Taylor W, Baker SS, Moore WH, Morriss MC, Podrebarac SM, Glass N, Schwartz ID: Congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency presenting with failure to thrive, hypercalcemia, and nephrocalcinosis. BMC Pediatr. 2002 Apr 25;2:4. [PubMed:12014995 ]
Bartter Syndrome, Type 5, Antenatal, Transient
  1. Laghmani K, Beck BB, Yang SS, Seaayfan E, Wenzel A, Reusch B, Vitzthum H, Priem D, Demaretz S, Bergmann K, Duin LK, Gobel H, Mache C, Thiele H, Bartram MP, Dombret C, Altmuller J, Nurnberg P, Benzing T, Levtchenko E, Seyberth HW, Klaus G, Yigit G, Lin SH, Timmer A, de Koning TJ, Scherjon SA, Schlingmann KP, Bertrand MJ, Rinschen MM, de Backer O, Konrad M, Komhoff M: Polyhydramnios, Transient Antenatal Bartter's Syndrome, and MAGED2 Mutations. N Engl J Med. 2016 May 12;374(19):1853-63. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1507629. Epub 2016 Apr 27. [PubMed:27120771 ]
Bartter Syndrome, Type 4B, Neonatal, With Sensorineural Deafness
  1. Nozu K, Inagaki T, Fu XJ, Nozu Y, Kaito H, Kanda K, Sekine T, Igarashi T, Nakanishi K, Yoshikawa N, Iijima K, Matsuo M: Molecular analysis of digenic inheritance in Bartter syndrome with sensorineural deafness. J Med Genet. 2008 Mar;45(3):182-6. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2007.052944. [PubMed:18310267 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
  • 104300 (Alzheimer's disease)
  • 126200 (Multiple sclerosis)
  • 168600 (Parkinson's disease)
  • 248250 (Primary hypomagnesemia)
  • 601678 (Bartter Syndrome, Type 1, Antenatal)
  • 213700 (Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis)
  • 607364 (Bartter Syndrome, Type 3)
  • 239000 (Hyperphosphatasia)
  • 609015 (Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency)
  • 188400 (Digeorge Syndrome)
  • 602014 (Hypomagnesemia 1, intestinal)
  • 241410 (Hypoparathyroidism-retardation-dysmorphism syndrome)
  • 309000 (Oculocerebrorenal syndrome)
  • 602522 (Bartter Syndrome, Type 4A, Neonatal, with Sensorineural Deafness)
  • 241200 (Bartter Syndrome, Type 2, Antenatal)
  • 222900 (Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency)
  • 300971 (Bartter Syndrome, Type 5, Antenatal, Transient)
  • 613090 (Bartter Syndrome, Type 4B, Neonatal, With Sensorineural Deafness)
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB003513
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID266
KEGG Compound IDC00076
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG ID33764
Wikipedia LinkCalcium
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound271
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID29108
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDCA2
MarkerDB IDMDB00013426
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Boonen S, Vanderschueren D, Haentjens P, Lips P: Calcium and vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis - a clinical update. J Intern Med. 2006 Jun;259(6):539-52. [PubMed:16704554 ]
  2. Gennari C: Calcium and vitamin D nutrition and bone disease of the elderly. Public Health Nutr. 2001 Apr;4(2B):547-59. [PubMed:11683549 ]
  3. Kirchhoff P, Geibel JP: Role of calcium and other trace elements in the gastrointestinal physiology. World J Gastroenterol. 2006 May 28;12(20):3229-36. [PubMed:16718844 ]
  4. Gross MD: Vitamin D and calcium in the prevention of prostate and colon cancer: new approaches for the identification of needs. J Nutr. 2005 Feb;135(2):326-31. [PubMed:15671236 ]
  5. Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Krall EA, Dallal GE: Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density in men and women 65 years of age or older. N Engl J Med. 1997 Sep 4;337(10):670-6. [PubMed:9278463 ]
  6. Porthouse J, Cockayne S, King C, Saxon L, Steele E, Aspray T, Baverstock M, Birks Y, Dumville J, Francis R, Iglesias C, Puffer S, Sutcliffe A, Watt I, Torgerson DJ: Randomised controlled trial of calcium and supplementation with cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) for prevention of fractures in primary care. BMJ. 2005 Apr 30;330(7498):1003. [PubMed:15860827 ]
  7. Grant AM, Avenell A, Campbell MK, McDonald AM, MacLennan GS, McPherson GC, Anderson FH, Cooper C, Francis RM, Donaldson C, Gillespie WJ, Robinson CM, Torgerson DJ, Wallace WA: Oral vitamin D3 and calcium for secondary prevention of low-trauma fractures in elderly people (Randomised Evaluation of Calcium Or vitamin D, RECORD): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2005 May 7-13;365(9471):1621-8. [PubMed:15885294 ]
  8. Weingarten MA, Zalmanovici A, Yaphe J: Dietary calcium supplementation for preventing colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Jul 20;(3):CD003548. [PubMed:16034903 ]
  9. Jackson RD, LaCroix AZ, Gass M, Wallace RB, Robbins J, Lewis CE, Bassford T, Beresford SA, Black HR, Blanchette P, Bonds DE, Brunner RL, Brzyski RG, Caan B, Cauley JA, Chlebowski RT, Cummings SR, Granek I, Hays J, Heiss G, Hendrix SL, Howard BV, Hsia J, Hubbell FA, Johnson KC, Judd H, Kotchen JM, Kuller LH, Langer RD, Lasser NL, Limacher MC, Ludlam S, Manson JE, Margolis KL, McGowan J, Ockene JK, O'Sullivan MJ, Phillips L, Prentice RL, Sarto GE, Stefanick ML, Van Horn L, Wactawski-Wende J, Whitlock E, Anderson GL, Assaf AR, Barad D: Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of fractures. N Engl J Med. 2006 Feb 16;354(7):669-83. [PubMed:16481635 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 1085 proteins in total.

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Has transacylase and calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity. Catalyzes the formation of 1-O-acyl-N-acetylsphingosine and the concomitant release of a lyso-phospholipid (By similarity). May have weak lysophospholipase activity.
Gene Name:
PLA2G15
Uniprot ID:
Q8NCC3
Molecular weight:
Not Available
General function:
Involved in phospholipase A2 activity
Specific function:
PA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2-acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides. This isozyme hydrolyzes more efficiently L-alpha-1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine than L-alpha-1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonyl phosphatidylcholine, L-alpha-1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonyl phosphatidylethanolamine, or L-alpha-1-stearoyl-2-arachidonyl phosphatidylinositol. May be involved in the production of lung surfactant, the remodeling or regulation of cardiac muscle.
Gene Name:
PLA2G5
Uniprot ID:
P39877
Molecular weight:
15674.065
General function:
Involved in phospholipase A2 activity
Specific function:
PA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2-acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides. Hydrolyzes phosphatidylglycerol versus phosphatidylcholine with a 15-fold preference.
Gene Name:
PLA2G2F
Uniprot ID:
Q9BZM2
Molecular weight:
23256.29
General function:
Involved in metabolic process
Specific function:
Selectively hydrolyzes arachidonyl phospholipids in the sn-2 position releasing arachidonic acid. Together with its lysophospholipid activity, it is implicated in the initiation of the inflammatory response.
Gene Name:
PLA2G4A
Uniprot ID:
P47712
Molecular weight:
85210.19
General function:
Involved in phospholipase A2 activity
Specific function:
PA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2-acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides.
Gene Name:
PLA2G1B
Uniprot ID:
P04054
Molecular weight:
16359.535
General function:
Involved in phospholipase A2 activity
Specific function:
Not known; does not seem to have catalytic activity.
Gene Name:
PLA2G12B
Uniprot ID:
Q9BX93
Molecular weight:
Not Available
General function:
Involved in phospholipase A2 activity
Specific function:
PA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2-acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides. Has a powerful potency for releasing arachidonic acid from cell membrane phospholipids. Prefers phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine liposomes to those of phosphatidylserine.
Gene Name:
PLA2G10
Uniprot ID:
O15496
Molecular weight:
18153.04
General function:
Involved in phospholipase A2 activity
Specific function:
PA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2-acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides. Has a preference for arachidonic-containing phospholipids.
Gene Name:
PLA2G2E
Uniprot ID:
Q9NZK7
Molecular weight:
15988.525
General function:
Involved in phospholipase A2 activity
Specific function:
PA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2-acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides. Does not exhibit detectable activity toward sn-2-arachidonoyl- or linoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine or -phosphatidylethanolamine.
Gene Name:
PLA2G12A
Uniprot ID:
Q9BZM1
Molecular weight:
21066.99
General function:
Involved in metabolic process
Specific function:
Catalyzes the release of fatty acids from phospholipids. It has been implicated in normal phospholipid remodeling, nitric oxide-induced or vasopressin-induced arachidonic acid release and in leukotriene and prostaglandin production. May participate in fas mediated apoptosis and in regulating transmembrane ion flux in glucose-stimulated B-cells. Has a role in cardiolipin (CL) deacylation. Required for both speed and directionality of monocyte MCP1/CCL2-induced chemotaxis through regulation of F-actin polymerization at the pseudopods. Isoform ankyrin-iPLA2-1 and isoform ankyrin-iPLA2-2, which lack the catalytic domain, are probably involved in the negative regulation of iPLA2 activity.
Gene Name:
PLA2G6
Uniprot ID:
O60733
Molecular weight:
84092.635

Transporters

General function:
Involved in calcium ion binding
Specific function:
Cotransporter which plays a role in lipoprotein, vitamin and iron metabolism, by facilitating their uptake. Binds to ALB, MB, Kappa and lambda-light chains, TF, hemoglobin, GC, SCGB1A1, APOA1, high density lipoprotein, and the GIF-cobalamin complex. The binding of all ligands required calcium. Serves as important transporter in several absorptive epithelia, including intestine, renal proximal tubules and embryonic yolk sac. Interaction with LRP2 mediates its trafficking throughout vesicles and facilitates the uptake of specific ligands like GC, hemoglobin, ALB, TF and SCGB1A1. Interaction with AMN controls its trafficking to the plasma membrane and facilitates endocytosis of ligands. May play an important role in the development of the peri-implantation embryo through internalization of APOA1 and cholesterol. Binds to LGALS3 at the maternal-fetal interface
Gene Name:
CUBN
Uniprot ID:
O60494
Molecular weight:
398672.8
General function:
Involved in ion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:
Involved in the renal elimination of endogenous and exogenous organic anions. Functions as organic anion exchanger when the uptake of one molecule of organic anion is coupled with an efflux of one molecule of endogenous dicarboxylic acid (glutarate, ketoglutarate, etc). Mediates the sodium-independent uptake of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS). Mediates the sodium-independent uptake of p- aminohippurate (PAH), ochratoxin (OTA), acyclovir (ACV), 3'-azido- 3-'deoxythymidine (AZT), cimetidine (CMD), 2,4-dichloro- phenoxyacetate (2,4-D), hippurate (HA), indoleacetate (IA), indoxyl sulfate (IS) and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2- furanpropionate (CMPF), cidofovir, adefovir, 9-(2- phosphonylmethoxyethyl) guanine (PMEG), 9-(2- phosphonylmethoxyethyl) diaminopurine (PMEDAP) and edaravone sulfate. PAH uptake is inhibited by p- chloromercuribenzenesulphonate (PCMBS), diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC), sulindac, diclofenac, carprofen, glutarate and okadaic acid. PAH uptake is inhibited by benzothiazolylcysteine (BTC), S-chlorotrifluoroethylcysteine (CTFC), cysteine S-conjugates S-dichlorovinylcysteine (DCVC), furosemide, steviol, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), calcium ionophore A23187, benzylpenicillin, furosemide, indomethacin, bumetamide, losartan, probenecid, phenol red, urate, and alpha-ketoglutarate
Gene Name:
SLC22A6
Uniprot ID:
Q4U2R8
Molecular weight:
61815.8

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 1085 proteins in total.