| Record Information |
| Version |
3.5 |
| Creation Date |
2006-08-16 07:22:34 -0600 |
| Update Date |
2013-02-08 11:20:51 -0700 |
| HMDB ID |
HMDB01333 |
| Secondary Accession Numbers |
None |
| Metabolite Identification |
| Common Name |
Manganese |
| Description |
Manganese is an essential trace nutrient in all forms of life. Physiologically, it. exists as an ion in the body. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. |
| Structure |
Download:
MOL |
SDF |
SMILES |
InChI
Display:
2D Structure |
3D Structure
|
| Synonyms |
- Manganese
|
| Chemical Formula |
Mn |
| Average Molecular Weight |
54.938045 |
| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight |
54.938049636 |
| IUPAC Name |
manganese(2+) ion |
| Traditional IUPAC Name |
manganese(II) |
| CAS Registry Number |
7439-96-5 |
| SMILES |
[Mn++] |
| InChI Identifier |
InChI=1S/Mn/q+2 |
| InChI Key |
WAEMQWOKJMHJLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| Chemical Taxonomy |
| Kingdom |
Inorganic Compounds |
| Super Class |
Homogeneous Metal Compounds |
| Class |
Homogeneous Transition Metal Compounds |
| Sub Class |
N/A |
| Other Descriptors |
- a cation(Cyc)
- divalent metal cation(ChEBI)
- manganese cation(ChEBI)
- monoatomic dication(ChEBI)
|
| Substituents |
|
| Direct Parent |
Homogeneous Transition Metal Compounds |
| Ontology |
| Status |
Detected and Quantified |
| Origin |
|
| Biofunction |
- Enzyme co-factor
- Essential minerals
|
| Application |
Not Available |
| Cellular locations |
Not Available |
| Physical Properties |
| State |
Solid |
| Experimental Properties |
| Property |
Value |
Reference |
| Melting Point |
1244 °C |
Not Available |
| Boiling Point |
Not Available |
Not Available |
| Water Solubility |
Not Available |
Not Available |
| LogP |
Not Available |
Not Available |
|
| Predicted Properties |
|
| Spectra |
|
Not Available
|
| Biological Properties |
| Cellular Locations |
Not Available
|
| Biofluid Locations |
- Blood
- Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
- Urine
|
| Tissue Location |
- Liver
- Brain
- Basal Ganglia
- Central Nervous System
- Hair
|
| Pathways |
Not Available
|
| Normal Concentrations |
|
| Blood |
Detected and Quantified |
|
0.18858(0.18020-0.19659) uM |
Not Available |
Both |
Normal |
Not Available |
| Blood |
Detected and Quantified |
|
0.17292(0.16382-0.18202) uM |
Adult (>18 years old) |
Both |
Normal |
Not Available |
| Blood |
Detected and Quantified |
|
0.012 +/- 0.0044 uM |
Elderly (>65 years old) |
Both |
Normal |
Not Available |
| Blood |
Detected and Quantified |
|
0.01 (0.007 - 0.019) uM |
Adult (>18 years old) |
Both |
Normal |
Not Available |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) |
Detected and Quantified |
|
0.0218 +/- 0.0309 uM |
Elderly (>65 years old) |
Both |
Normal |
Not Available |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) |
Detected and Quantified |
|
0.149 +/- 0.177 uM |
Adult (>18 years old) |
Not Specified |
Normal |
Not Available |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) |
Detected and Quantified |
|
0.021 (0.015 - 0.027) uM |
Adult (>18 years old) |
Both |
Normal |
Not Available |
| Urine |
Detected and Quantified |
|
0.00058(0.00023-0.00101) umol/mmol creatinine |
Not Available |
Both |
Normal |
Not Available |
| Urine |
Detected and Quantified |
|
0.00043(0.00029-0.00056) umol/mmol creatinine |
Adult (>18 years old) |
Both |
Normal |
Not Available |
| Urine |
Detected and Quantified |
|
0.013(0.002-0.051) umol/mmol creatinine |
Adult (>18 years old) |
Both |
Normal |
by ICP MS
|
| Urine |
Detected and Quantified |
|
0.011 (0.0-0.023) umol/mmol creatinine |
Adult (>18 years old) |
Male |
Normal |
Not Available |
|
| Abnormal Concentrations |
|
| Blood |
Detected and Quantified |
|
0.15 +/- .072 uM |
Adult (>18 years old) |
Both |
Multiple sclerosis |
Not Available |
| Blood |
Detected and Quantified |
|
0.012 +/- 0.0044 uM |
Adult (>18 years old) |
Both |
Parkinson's disease |
Not Available |
| Blood |
Detected and Quantified |
|
0.011 +/- 0 .004 uM |
Elderly (>65 years old) |
Both |
Alzheimer's disease |
Not Available |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) |
Detected and Quantified |
|
0.0346 +/- 0.0182 uM |
Adult (>18 years old) |
Not Specified |
control |
Not Available |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) |
Detected and Quantified |
|
0.0400 +/- 0.0273 uM |
Adult (>18 years old) |
Not Specified |
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
Not Available |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) |
Detected and Quantified |
|
0.0400 +/- 0.0255 uM |
Adult (>18 years old) |
Not Specified |
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (classic) |
Not Available |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) |
Detected and Quantified |
|
0.0419 +/- 0.0291 uM |
Adult (>18 years old) |
Not Specified |
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (bulbar) |
Not Available |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) |
Detected and Quantified |
|
0.0328 +/- 0.0164 uM |
Adult (>18 years old) |
Not Specified |
Alzheimer's disease |
Not Available |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) |
Detected and Quantified |
|
0.0218 +/- 0.00546 uM |
Adult (>18 years old) |
Not Specified |
Alzheimer's disease (early-onset) |
Not Available |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) |
Detected and Quantified |
|
0.0382 +/- 0.0182 uM |
Adult (>18 years old) |
Not Specified |
Alzheimer's disease (late-onset) |
Not Available |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) |
Detected and Quantified |
|
0.0546 +/- 0.0382 uM |
Adult (>18 years old) |
Not Specified |
Parkinson's disease |
Not Available |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) |
Detected and Quantified |
|
0.0146 +/- 0.0146 uM |
Elderly (>65 years old) |
Both |
Alzheimer's disease |
Not Available |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) |
Detected and Quantified |
|
14.6 +/- 13.7 uM |
Elderly (>65 years old) |
Not Specified |
Alzheimer's disease |
Not Available |
|
| Associated Disorders and Diseases |
| Disease References |
| Alzheimer's disease |
- Molina JA, Jimenez-Jimenez FJ, Aguilar MV, Meseguer I, Mateos-Vega CJ, Gonzalez-Munoz MJ, de Bustos F, Porta J, Orti-Pareja M, Zurdo M, Barrios E, Martinez-Para MC: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of transition metals in patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm. 1998;105(4-5):479-88.
Pubmed: 9720975
- Bocca B, Forte G, Petrucci F, Pino A, Marchione F, Bomboi G, Senofonte O, Giubilei F, Alimonti A: Monitoring of chemical elements and oxidative damage in patients affected by Alzheimer's disease. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2005;41(2):197-203.
Pubmed: 16244393
|
| Multiple sclerosis |
- Forte G, Visconti A, Santucci S, Ghazaryan A, Figa-Talamanca L, Cannoni S, Bocca B, Pino A, Violante N, Alimonti A, Salvetti M, Ristori G: Quantification of chemical elements in blood of patients affected by multiple sclerosis. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2005;41(2):213-6.
Pubmed: 16244395
|
| Parkinson's disease |
- Forte G, Alimonti A, Pino A, Stanzione P, Brescianini S, Brusa L, Sancesario G, Violante N, Bocca B: Metals and oxidative stress in patients with Parkinson's disease. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2005;41(2):189-95.
Pubmed: 16244392
|
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| Associated OMIM IDs |
|
| External Links |
| DrugBank ID |
Not Available |
| Phenol Explorer Compound ID |
Not Available |
| Phenol Explorer Metabolite ID |
Not Available |
| FoodDB ID |
FDB003636 |
| KNApSAcK ID |
Not Available |
| Chemspider ID |
25916  |
| KEGG Compound ID |
C19610  |
| BioCyc ID |
MN%2b3  |
| BiGG ID |
Not Available |
| Wikipedia Link |
Manganese  |
| NuGOwiki Link |
HMDB01333  |
| Metagene Link |
HMDB01333  |
| METLIN ID |
Not Available |
| PubChem Compound |
27854  |
| PDB ID |
MN  |
| ChEBI ID |
29035  |
| References |
| Synthesis Reference |
Not Available |
| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) |
Download (PDF)
|
| General References |
- Ikeda S, Sera Y, Yoshida M, Ohshiro H, Uchino S, Oka Y, Lee KJ, Kotera A: Manganese deposits in patients with biliary atresia after hepatic porto-enterostomy. J Pediatr Surg. 2000 Mar;35(3):450-3.
Pubmed: 10726687
- Greger JL: Nutrition versus toxicology of manganese in humans: evaluation of potential biomarkers. Neurotoxicology. 1999 Apr-Jun;20(2-3):205-12.
Pubmed: 10385884
- Lander F, Kristiansen J, Lauritsen JM: Manganese exposure in foundry furnacemen and scrap recycling workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1999 Nov;72(8):546-50.
Pubmed: 10592008
- Mizoguchi N, Nishimura Y, Ono H, Sakura N: Manganese elevations in blood of children with congenital portosystemic shunts. Eur J Pediatr. 2001 Apr;160(4):247-50.
Pubmed: 11317649
- Woolf A, Wright R, Amarasiriwardena C, Bellinger D: A child with chronic manganese exposure from drinking water. Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Jun;110(6):613-6.
Pubmed: 12055054
- Ikeda S, Yamaguchi Y, Sera Y, Ohshiro H, Uchino S, Yamashita Y, Ogawa M: Manganese deposition in the globus pallidus in patients with biliary atresia. Transplantation. 2000 Jun 15;69(11):2339-43.
Pubmed: 10868637
- Wardle CA, Forbes A, Roberts NB, Jawhari AV, Shenkin A: Hypermanganesemia in long-term intravenous nutrition and chronic liver disease. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1999 Nov-Dec;23(6):350-5.
Pubmed: 10574484
- Mergler D, Baldwin M, Belanger S, Larribe F, Beuter A, Bowler R, Panisset M, Edwards R, de Geoffroy A, Sassine MP, Hudnell K: Manganese neurotoxicity, a continuum of dysfunction: results from a community based study. Neurotoxicology. 1999 Apr-Jun;20(2-3):327-42.
Pubmed: 10385894
- Butterworth RF: Hepatic encephalopathy. Alcohol Res Health. 2003;27(3):240-6.
Pubmed: 15535452
- Herynek V, Babis M, Trunecka P, Filip K, Vymazal J, Dezortova M, Hajek M: Chronic liver disease: relaxometry in the brain after liver transplantation. MAGMA. 2001 Mar;12(1):10-5.
Pubmed: 11255087
- Miranda M, Caballero L: [Chronic hepatic encephalopathy: the role of high serum manganese levels and its relation with basal ganglia lesions in nuclear magnetic resonance of the brain. Clinical case] Rev Med Chil. 2001 Sep;129(9):1051-5.
Pubmed: 11725469
- Barceloux DG: Manganese. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1999;37(2):293-307.
Pubmed: 10382563
- Bader M, Dietz MC, Ihrig A, Triebig G: Biomonitoring of manganese in blood, urine and axillary hair following low-dose exposure during the manufacture of dry cell batteries. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1999 Nov;72(8):521-7.
Pubmed: 10592004
- Kao HJ, Chen WH, Liu JS: Rapid progression of parkinsonism associated with an increase of blood manganese. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 1999 May;15(5):297-301.
Pubmed: 10375873
- Melo TM, Larsen C, White LR, Aasly J, Sjobakk TE, Flaten TP, Sonnewald U, Syversen T: Manganese, copper, and zinc in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with multiple sclerosis. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2003 Summer;93(1-3):1-8.
Pubmed: 12835484
- Lees-Haley PR, Rohling ML, Langhinrichsen-Rohling J: A meta-analysis of the neuropsychological effects of occupational exposure to manganese. Clin Neuropsychol. 2006 Feb;20(1):90-107.
Pubmed: 16393922
- Sadek AH, Rauch R, Schulz PE: Parkinsonism due to manganism in a welder. Int J Toxicol. 2003 Sep-Oct;22(5):393-401.
Pubmed: 14555414
- Wang X, Li GJ, Zheng W: Upregulation of DMT1 expression in choroidal epithelia of the blood-CSF barrier following manganese exposure in vitro. Brain Res. 2006 Jun 30;1097(1):1-10. Epub 2006 May 26.
Pubmed: 16729984
- Takeda A: Manganese action in brain function. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2003 Jan;41(1):79-87.
Pubmed: 12505649
- Baldwin M, Mergler D, Larribe F, Belanger S, Tardif R, Bilodeau L, Hudnell K: Bioindicator and exposure data for a population based study of manganese. Neurotoxicology. 1999 Apr-Jun;20(2-3):343-53.
Pubmed: 10385895
|
| Enzymes |
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| Name: |
Arginase-1
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| Reactions: |
- L-arginine + H2O = L-ornithine + urea [RN:R00551]
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| Gene Name: |
ARG1 |
| Uniprot ID: |
P05089  |
| Protein Sequence: |
FASTA |
| Gene Sequence: |
FASTA |
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| Name: |
Aminopeptidase N
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| Reactions: |
- Release of an N-terminal amino acid, Xaa!Yaa- from a peptide, amide or arylamide. Xaa is preferably Ala, but may be most amino acids including Pro (slow action). When a terminal hydrophobic residue is followed by a prolyl residue, the two may be released as an intact Xaa-Pro dipeptide ALL_REAC (other) R00899 R04951 COFACTOR Manganese [CPD:C00034]
- Zinc [CPD:C00038]
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| Gene Name: |
ANPEP |
| Uniprot ID: |
P15144  |
| Protein Sequence: |
FASTA |
| Gene Sequence: |
FASTA |
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| Name: |
Cytosol aminopeptidase
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| Reactions: |
- Release of N-terminal proline from a peptide ALL_REAC (other) R00135 COFACTOR Manganese [CPD:C00034]
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| Gene Name: |
LAP3 |
| Uniprot ID: |
P28838  |
| Protein Sequence: |
FASTA |
| Gene Sequence: |
FASTA |
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| Name: |
Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP], mitochondrial
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| Reactions: |
- (1) isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH + H+ (overall reaction) [RN:R00267]
- (2) (1a) isocitrate + NADP+ = oxalosuccinate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R01899]
- (3) (1b) oxalosuccinate = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 [RN:R00268]
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| Gene Name: |
IDH2 |
| Uniprot ID: |
P48735  |
| Protein Sequence: |
FASTA |
| Gene Sequence: |
FASTA |
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| Name: |
Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] cytoplasmic
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| Reactions: |
- (1) isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH + H+ (overall reaction) [RN:R00267]
- (2) (1a) isocitrate + NADP+ = oxalosuccinate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R01899]
- (3) (1b) oxalosuccinate = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 [RN:R00268]
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| Gene Name: |
IDH1 |
| Uniprot ID: |
O75874  |
| Protein Sequence: |
FASTA |
| Gene Sequence: |
FASTA |
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| Name: |
DNA polymerase lambda
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| Reactions: |
- deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn = diphosphate + DNAn+1 [RN:R00379]
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| Gene Name: |
POLL |
| Uniprot ID: |
Q9UGP5  |
| Protein Sequence: |
FASTA |
| Gene Sequence: |
FASTA |
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| Name: |
DNA polymerase eta
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| Reactions: |
- deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn = diphosphate + DNAn+1 [RN:R00379]
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| Gene Name: |
POLH |
| Uniprot ID: |
Q9Y253  |
| Protein Sequence: |
FASTA |
| Gene Sequence: |
FASTA |
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| Name: |
DNA polymerase kappa
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| Reactions: |
- deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn = diphosphate + DNAn+1 [RN:R00379]
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| Gene Name: |
POLK |
| Uniprot ID: |
Q9UBT6  |
| Protein Sequence: |
FASTA |
| Gene Sequence: |
FASTA |
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| Name: |
Glycogenin-1
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| Reactions: |
- UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin = UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin [RN:R03681]
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| Gene Name: |
GYG1 |
| Uniprot ID: |
P46976  |
| Protein Sequence: |
FASTA |
| Gene Sequence: |
FASTA |
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| Name: |
Glycogenin-2
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| Reactions: |
- UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin = UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin [RN:R03681]
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| Gene Name: |
GYG2 |
| Uniprot ID: |
O15488  |
| Protein Sequence: |
FASTA |
| Gene Sequence: |
FASTA |
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| Name: |
Histo-blood group ABO system transferase
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| Reactions: |
- UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + glycoprotein-alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->2)-D-galactose = UDP + glycoprotein-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-[alpha-L- fucosyl-(1->2)]-D-galactose [RN:R04423]
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| Gene Name: |
ABO |
| Uniprot ID: |
P16442  |
| Protein Sequence: |
FASTA |
| Gene Sequence: |
FASTA |
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| Name: |
Chondroitin sulfate synthase 3
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| Reactions: |
- UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl- proteoglycan = UDP + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)- beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan [RN:R07336]
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| Gene Name: |
CHSY3 |
| Uniprot ID: |
Q70JA7  |
| Protein Sequence: |
FASTA |
| Gene Sequence: |
FASTA |
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| Name: |
Chondroitin sulfate synthase 2
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| Reactions: |
- UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl- proteoglycan = UDP + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)- beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan [RN:R07336]
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| Gene Name: |
CHPF |
| Uniprot ID: |
Q8IZ52  |
| Protein Sequence: |
FASTA |
| Gene Sequence: |
FASTA |
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| Name: |
Chondroitin sulfate synthase 1
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| Reactions: |
- UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl- proteoglycan = UDP + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)- beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan [RN:R07336]
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| Gene Name: |
CHSY1 |
| Uniprot ID: |
Q86X52  |
| Protein Sequence: |
FASTA |
| Gene Sequence: |
FASTA |
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| Name: |
Catalase
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| Reactions: |
- 2 H2O2 = O2 + 2 H2O [RN:R00009]
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| Gene Name: |
CAT |
| Uniprot ID: |
P04040  |
| Protein Sequence: |
FASTA |
| Gene Sequence: |
FASTA |
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| Name: |
Xaa-Pro dipeptidase
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| Reactions: |
- Hydrolysis of Xaa!Pro dipeptides
- also acts on aminoacyl-hydroxyproline analogs. No action on Pro-Pro COFACTOR Manganese [CPD:C00034] EFFECTOR Thiol [CPD:C00145]
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| Gene Name: |
PEPD |
| Uniprot ID: |
P12955  |
| Protein Sequence: |
FASTA |
| Gene Sequence: |
FASTA |
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| Name: |
Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 6
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| Reactions: |
- UDP-galactose + 4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein = UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein [RN:R05927]
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| Gene Name: |
B3GALT6 |
| Uniprot ID: |
Q96L58  |
| Protein Sequence: |
FASTA |
| Gene Sequence: |
FASTA |
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| Name: |
Ribonuclease H1
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| Reactions: |
- Endonucleolytic cleavage to 5'-phosphomonoester
|
| Gene Name: |
RNASEH1 |
| Uniprot ID: |
O60930  |
| Protein Sequence: |
FASTA |
| Gene Sequence: |
FASTA |
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| Name: |
Carnosine synthase 1
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| Reactions: |
- ATP + L-histidine + beta-alanine = ADP + phosphate + carnosine [RN:R01164]
|
| Gene Name: |
CARNS1 |
| Uniprot ID: |
A5YM72  |
| Protein Sequence: |
FASTA |
| Gene Sequence: |
FASTA |
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| Name: |
Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 1
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| Reactions: |
- Release of any N-terminal amino acid, including proline, that is linked to proline, even from a dipeptide or tripeptide COFACTOR Manganese [CPD:C00034]
- Cobalt ion [CPD:C00175]
|
| Gene Name: |
XPNPEP1 |
| Uniprot ID: |
Q9NQW7  |
| Protein Sequence: |
FASTA |
| Gene Sequence: |
FASTA |
|
| Name: |
Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 2
|
| Reactions: |
- Release of any N-terminal amino acid, including proline, that is linked to proline, even from a dipeptide or tripeptide COFACTOR Manganese [CPD:C00034]
- Cobalt ion [CPD:C00175]
|
| Gene Name: |
XPNPEP2 |
| Uniprot ID: |
O43895  |
| Protein Sequence: |
FASTA |
| Gene Sequence: |
FASTA |
|
| Name: |
Probable Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 3
|
| Reactions: |
- Release of any N-terminal amino acid, including proline, that is linked to proline, even from a dipeptide or tripeptide COFACTOR Manganese [CPD:C00034]
- Cobalt ion [CPD:C00175]
|
| Gene Name: |
XPNPEP3 |
| Uniprot ID: |
Q9NQH7  |
| Protein Sequence: |
FASTA |
| Gene Sequence: |
FASTA |
|
|
|
|
|