1. 2-Ketoisovalerate
2. 2-Ketoisovaleric acid
3. 2-Oxo-3-methylbutanoate
4. 2-Oxo-3-methylbutanoic acid
5. 2-Oxo-3-methylbutyrate
6. 2-Oxo-3-methylbutyric acid
7. 2-Oxoisovalerate
8. 2-Oxoisovaleric acid
9. 2-keto-3-Methylbutyrate
10. 2-keto-3-Methylbutyric acid
11. 3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoate
12. 3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid
13. 3-Methyl-2-oxobutyrate
14. 3-Methyl-2-oxobutyric acid
15. 3-methyl-2-oxo-Butanoate
16. 3-methyl-2-oxo-Butanoic acid
17. 3-methyl-2-oxo-Butyrate
18. 3-methyl-2-oxo-Butyric acid
19. Dimethylpyruvate
20. Dimethylpyruvic acid
21. Isopropylglyoxylate
22. Isopropylglyoxylic acid
23. Ketovaline
24. a-Ketoisovalerate
25. a-Oxo-b-methylbutyrate
26. a-Oxo-b-methylbutyric acid
27. a-Oxoisovalerate
28. a-Oxoisovaleric acid
29. a-keto-Isovalerate
30. a-keto-Isovaleric acid
31. a-keto-b-Methylbutyrate
32. a-keto-b-Methylbutyric acid
33. alpha-Ketoisovalerate
34. alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid
35. 3-Methyl-2-oxobutinoic acid
36. alpha-Oxo-beta-methylbutyrate
37. alpha-Oxo-beta-methylbutyric acid
38. alpha-Oxoisovalerate
39. alpha-Oxoisovaleric acid
40. alpha-keto-Isovalerate
41. alpha-keto-Isovaleric acid
42. alpha-keto-beta-Methylbutyrate
43. alpha-keto-beta-Methylbutyric acid
44. a-ketoisovaleric acid
45. 3-Methyl-2-oxobutinoate

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• Cytoplasm
• mitochondria

• Blood
• Cerebrospinal Fluid
• Urine

• 248600 (Maple syrup urine disease)

1. Schaefer K, von Herrath D, Erley CM, Asmus G: Calcium ketovaline as new therapy for uremic hyperphosphatemia. Miner Electrolyte Metab. 1990;16(6):362-4. [PubMed ]
2. Shoemaker JD, Elliott WH: Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):125-38. [PubMed ]
3. Livesey G, Lund P: Binding of branched-chain 2-oxo acids to bovine serum albumin. Biochem J. 1982 Apr 15;204(1):265-72. [PubMed ]
4. Shigematsu Y, Kikuchi K, Momoi T, Sudo M, Kikawa Y, Nosaka K, Kuriyama M, Haruki S, Sanada K, Hamano N, et al.: Organic acids and branched-chain amino acids in body fluids before and after multiple exchange transfusions in maple syrup urine disease. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1983;6(4):183-9. [PubMed ]
5. Chuang DT, Niu WL, Cox RP: Activities of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase and its components in skin fibroblasts from normal and classical-maple-syrup-urine-disease subjects. Biochem J. 1981 Oct 15;200(1):59-67. [PubMed ]
6. Lee SH, Kim SO, Chung BC: Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of urinary oxoacids using O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)oxime-trimethylsilyl ester derivatization and cation-exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1998 Nov 20;719(1-2):1-7. [PubMed ]
7. Gallina DL, Dominguez JM, Hoschoian JC, Barrio JR: Maintenance of nitrogen balance in a young woman by substitution of -ketoisovaleric acid for valine. J Nutr. 1971 Sep;101(9):1165-7. [PubMed ]
8. Schauder P, Schroder K, Langenbeck U: Serum branched-chain amino and keto acid response to a protein-rich meal in man. Ann Nutr Metab. 1984;28(6):350-6. [PubMed ]
9. Tsuchiya H, Hashizume I, Tokunaga T, Tatsumi M, Takagi N, Hayashi T: High-performance liquid chromatography of alpha-keto acids in human saliva. Arch Oral Biol. 1983;28(11):989-92. [PubMed ]

1. Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial
2. Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, somatic form, mitochondrial
3. Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, testis-specific form, mitochondrial
4. Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial
5. 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit beta, mitochondrial
6. 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit alpha, mitochondrial
7. Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic
8. Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial
9. cDNA, FLJ95372, highly similar to Homo sapiens branched chain aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial(BCAT2), mRNA (Branched chain aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial)

1. PDHE1-B

MAAVSGLVRRPLREVSGLLKRRFHWTAPAALQVTVRDAINQGMDEELERDEKVFLLGEEV
AQYDGAYKVSRGLWKKYGDKRIIDTPISEMGFAGIAVGAAMAGLRPICEFMTFNFSMQAI
DQVINSAAKTYYMSGGLQPVPIVFRGPNGASAGVAAQHSQCFAAWYGHCPGLKVVSPWNS
EDAKGLIKSAIRDNNPVVVLENELMYGVPFEFPPEAQSKDFLIPIGKAKIERQGTHITVV
SHSRPVGHCLEAAAVLSKEGVECEVINMRTIRPMDMETIEASVMKTNHLVTVEGGWPQFG
VGAEICARIMEGPAFNFLDAPAVRVTGADVPMPYAKILEDNSIPQVKDIIFAIKKTLNI

• Butyrate Metabolism (map00650 )
• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
• Pyruvate Metabolism (map00620 )

• pyruvate + [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] lipoyllysine = [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine + CO2 [RN:R01699]

• Transket_pyr (PF02779 )
• Transketolase_C (PF02780 )

• None

• None

ATGGCGGCGGTGTCTGGCTTGGTGCGGAGACCCCTTCGGGAGGTCTCCGGGCTGCTGAAG
AGGCGCTTTCACTGGACCGCGCCGGCTGCGCTGCAGGTGACAGTTCGTGATGCTATAAAT
CAGGGTATGGATGAGGAGCTGGAAAGAGATGAGAAGGTATTTCTGCTTGGAGAAGAAGTT
GCCCAGTATGATGGGGCATACAAGGTTAGTCGAGGGCTGTGGAAGAAATATGGAGACAAG
AGGATTATTGACACTCCCATATCAGAGATGGGCTTTGCTGGAATTGCTGTAGGTGCAGCT
ATGGCTGGGTTGCGGCCCATTTGTGAATTTATGACCTTCAATTTCTCCATGCAAGCCATT
GACCAGGTTATAAACTCAGCTGCCAAGACCTACTACATGTCTGGTGGCCTTCAGCCTGTG
CCTATAGTCTTCAGGGGGCCCAATGGTGCCTCAGCAGGTGTAGCTGCCCAGCACTCACAG
TGCTTTGCTGCCTGGTATGGGCACTGCCCAGGCTTAAAGGTGGTCAGTCCCTGGAATTCA
GAGGATGCTAAAGGACTTATTAAATCAGCCATTCGGGATAACAATCCAGTGGTGGTGCTA
GAGAATGAATTGATGTATGGGGTTCCTTTTGAATTTCCTCCGGAAGCTCAGTCAAAAGAT
TTTCTGATTCCTATTGGAAAAGCCAAAATAGAAAGGCAAGGAACACATATAACTGTGGTT
TCCCATTCAAGACCTGTGGGCCACTGCTTAGAAGCTGCAGCAGTGCTATCTAAAGAAGGA
GTTGAATGTGAGGTGATAAATATGCGTACCATTAGACCAATGGACATGGAAACCATAGAA
GCCAGTGTCATGAAGACAAATCATCTTGTAACTGTGGAAGGAGGCTGGCCACAGTTTGGA
GTAGGAGCTGAAATCTGTGCCAGGATCATGGAAGGTCCTGCGTTCAATTTCCTGGATGCT
CCTGCTGTTCGTGTCACTGGTGCTGATGTCCCTATGCCTTATGCAAAGATTCTAGAGGAC
AACTCTATACCTCAGGTCAAAGACATCATATTTGCAATAAAGAAAACATTAAATATTTAG

1. Ho L, Patel MS: Cloning and cDNA sequence of the beta-subunit component of human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Gene. 1990 Feb 14;86(2):297-302. [PubMed ]
2. Chun K, Mackay N, Willard HF, Robinson BH: Isolation, characterization and chromosomal localization of cDNA clones for the E1 beta subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Eur J Biochem. 1990 Dec 12;194(2):587-92. [PubMed ]
3. Huh TL, Casazza JP, Huh JW, Chi YT, Song BJ: Characterization of two cDNA clones for pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 beta subunit and its regulation in tricarboxylic acid cycle-deficient fibroblast. J Biol Chem. 1990 Aug 5;265(22):13320-6. [PubMed ]
4. Koike K, Urata Y, Koike M: Molecular cloning and characterization of human pyruvate dehydrogenase beta subunit gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Aug;87(15):5594-7. [PubMed ]
5. Koike K, Ohta S, Urata Y, Kagawa Y, Koike M: Cloning and sequencing of cDNAs encoding alpha and beta subunits of human pyruvate dehydrogenase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jan;85(1):41-5. [PubMed ]
6. Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, Gassenhuber J, Glassl S, Ansorge W, Bocher M, Blocker H, Bauersachs S, Blum H, Lauber J, Dusterhoft A, Beyer A, Kohrer K, Strack N, Mewes HW, Ottenwalder B, Obermaier B, Tampe J, Heubner D, Wambutt R, Korn B, Klein M, Poustka A: Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs. Genome Res. 2001 Mar;11(3):422-35. [PubMed ]
7. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
8. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
9. Ho L, Javed AA, Pepin RA, Thekkumkara TJ, Raefsky C, Mole JE, Caliendo AM, Kwon MS, Kerr DS, Patel MS: Identification of a cDNA clone for the beta-subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase component of human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1988 Feb 15;150(3):904-8. [PubMed ]
10. Corbett JM, Wheeler CH, Baker CS, Yacoub MH, Dunn MJ: The human myocardial two-dimensional gel protein database: update 1994. Electrophoresis. 1994 Nov;15(11):1459-65. [PubMed ]
11. Muno D, Kominami E, Ishii H, Usui K, Saifuku K, Sakakibara Y, Namihisa T: Isolation of tryptic fragment of antigen from mitochondrial inner membrane proteins reacting with antimitochondrial antibody in sera of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1990 Jan;11(1):16-23. [PubMed ]
12. Ciszak EM, Korotchkina LG, Dominiak PM, Sidhu S, Patel MS: Structural basis for flip-flop action of thiamin pyrophosphate-dependent enzymes revealed by human pyruvate dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 6;278(23):21240-6. Epub 2003 Mar 21. [PubMed ]
13. Brown RM, Head RA, Boubriak II, Leonard JV, Thomas NH, Brown GK: Mutations in the gene for the E1beta subunit: a novel cause of pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. Hum Genet. 2004 Jul;115(2):123-7. Epub 2004 May 11. [PubMed ]

1. Jackson RH, Singer TP: Inactivation of the 2-ketoglutarate and pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes of beef heart by branched chain keto acids. J Biol Chem. 1983 Feb 10;258(3):1857-65. [PubMed ]

1. PDHE1-A type I

MRKMLAAVSRVLSGASQKPASRVLVASRNFANDATFEIKKCDLHRLEEGPPVTTVLTRED
GLKYYRMMQTVRRMELKADQLYKQKIIRGFCHLCDGQEACCVGLEAGINPTDHLITAYRA
HGFTFTRGLSVREILAELTGRKGGCAKGKGGSMHMYAKNFYGGNGIVGAQVPLGAGIALA
CKYNGKDEVCLTLYGDGAANQGQIFEAYNMAALWKLPCIFICENNRYGMGTSVERAAAST
DYYKRGDFIPGLRVDGMDILCVREATRFAAAYCRSGKGPILMELQTYRYHGHSMSDPGVS
YRTREEIQEVRSKSDPIMLLKDRMVNSNLASVEELKEIDVEVRKEIEDAAQFATADPEPP
LEELGYHIYSSDPPFEVRGANQWIKFKSVS

• Butyrate Metabolism (map00650 )
• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
• Pyruvate Metabolism (map00620 )

• pyruvate + [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] lipoyllysine = [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine + CO2 [RN:R01699]

• E1_dh (PF00676 )

• None

• None

ATGAGGAAGATGCTCGCCGCCGTCTCCCGCGTGCTGTCTGGCGCTTCTCAGAAGCCGGCA
AGCAGAGTGCTGGTAGCATCCCGTAATTTTGCAAATGATGCTACATTTGAAATTAAGAAA
TGTGACCTTCACCGGCTGGAAGAAGGCCCTCCTGTCACAACAGTGCTCACCAGGGAGGAT
GGGCTCAAATACTACAGGATGATGCAGACTGTACGCCGAATGGAGTTGAAAGCAGATCAG
CTGTATAAACAGAAAATTATTCGTGGTTTCTGTCACTTGTGTGATGGTCAGGAAGCTTGC
TGTGTGGGCCTGGAGGCCGGCATCAACCCCACAGACCATCTCATCACAGCCTACCGGGCT
CACGGCTTTACTTTCACCCGGGGCCTTTCCGTCCGAGAAATTCTCGCAGAGCTTACAGGA
CGAAAAGGAGGTTGTGCTAAAGGGAAAGGAGGATCGATGCACATGTATGCCAAGAACTTC
TACGGGGGCAATGGCATCGTGGGAGCGCAGGTGCCCCTGGGCGCTGGGATTGCTCTAGCC
TGTAAGTATAATGGAAAAGATGAGGTCTGCCTGACTTTATATGGCGATGGTGCTGCTAAC
CAGGGCCAGATATTCGAAGCTTACAACATGGCAGCTTTGTGGAAATTACCTTGTATTTTC
ATCTGTGAGAATAATCGCTATGGAATGGGAACGTCTGTTGAGAGAGCGGCAGCCAGCACT
GATTACTACAAGAGAGGCGATTTCATTCCTGGGCTGAGAGTGGATGGAATGGATATCCTG
TGCGTCCGAGAGGCAACAAGGTTTGCTGCTGCCTATTGTAGATCTGGGAAGGGGCCCATC
CTGATGGAGCTGCAGACTTACCGTTACCACGGACACAGTATGAGTGACCCTGGAGTCAGT
TACCGTACACGAGAAGAAATTCAGGAAGTAAGAAGTAAGAGTGACCCTATTATGCTTCTC
AAGGACAGGATGGTGAACAGCAATCTTGCCAGTGTGGAAGAACTAAAGGAAATTGATGTG
GAAGTGAGGAAGGAGATTGAGGATGCTGCCCAGTTTGCCACGGCCGATCCTGAGCCACCT
TTGGAAGAGCTGGGCTACCACATCTACTCCAGCGACCCACCTTTTGAAGTTCGTGGTGCC
AATCAGTGGATCAAGTTTAAGTCAGTCAGTTAA

1. Koike K, Urata Y, Matsuo S, Koike M: Characterization and nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the human pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha-subunit. Gene. 1990 Sep 14;93(2):307-11. [PubMed ]
2. Ho L, Wexler ID, Liu TC, Thekkumkara TJ, Patel MS: Characterization of cDNAs encoding human pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha subunit. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jul;86(14):5330-4. [PubMed ]
3. Dahl HH, Hunt SM, Hutchison WM, Brown GK: The human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Isolation of cDNA clones for the E1 alpha subunit, sequence analysis, and characterization of the mRNA. J Biol Chem. 1987 May 25;262(15):7398-403. [PubMed ]
4. Maragos C, Hutchison WM, Hayasaka K, Brown GK, Dahl HH: Structural organization of the gene for the E1 alpha subunit of the human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. J Biol Chem. 1989 Jul 25;264(21):12294-8. [PubMed ]
5. De Meirleir L, MacKay N, Lam Hon Wah AM, Robinson BH: Isolation of a full-length complementary DNA coding for human E1 alpha subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. J Biol Chem. 1988 Feb 5;263(4):1991-5. [PubMed ]
6. Koike K, Ohta S, Urata Y, Kagawa Y, Koike M: Cloning and sequencing of cDNAs encoding alpha and beta subunits of human pyruvate dehydrogenase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jan;85(1):41-5. [PubMed ]
7. Ross MT, Grafham DV, Coffey AJ, Scherer S, McLay K, Muzny D, Platzer M, Howell GR, Burrows C, Bird CP, Frankish A, Lovell FL, Howe KL, Ashurst JL, Fulton RS, Sudbrak R, Wen G, Jones MC, Hurles ME, Andrews TD, Scott CE, Searle S, Ramser J, Whittaker A, Deadman R, Carter NP, Hunt SE, Chen R, Cree A, Gunaratne P, Havlak P, Hodgson A, Metzker ML, Richards S, Scott G, Steffen D, Sodergren E, Wheeler DA, Worley KC, Ainscough R, Ambrose KD, Ansari-Lari MA, Aradhya S, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Ballabio A, Banerjee R, Barker GE, Barlow KF, Barrett IP, Bates KN, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Beck A, Bethel G, Blechschmidt K, Brady N, Bray-Allen S, Bridgeman AM, Brown AJ, Brown MJ, Bonnin D, Bruford EA, Buhay C, Burch P, Burford D, Burgess J, Burrill W, Burton J, Bye JM, Carder C, Carrel L, Chako J, Chapman JC, Chavez D, Chen E, Chen G, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chinault C, Ciccodicola A, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Clerc-Blankenburg K, Clifford K, Cobley V, Cole CG, Conquer JS, Corby N, Connor RE, David R, Davies J, Davis C, Davis J, Delgado O, Deshazo D, Dhami P, Ding Y, Dinh H, Dodsworth S, Draper H, Dugan-Rocha S, Dunham A, Dunn M, Durbin KJ, Dutta I, Eades T, Ellwood M, Emery-Cohen A, Errington H, Evans KL, Faulkner L, Francis F, Frankland J, Fraser AE, Galgoczy P, Gilbert J, Gill R, Glockner G, Gregory SG, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Grocock R, Gu Y, Gwilliam R, Hamilton C, Hart EA, Hawes A, Heath PD, Heitmann K, Hennig S, Hernandez J, Hinzmann B, Ho S, Hoffs M, Howden PJ, Huckle EJ, Hume J, Hunt PJ, Hunt AR, Isherwood J, Jacob L, Johnson D, Jones S, de Jong PJ, Joseph SS, Keenan S, Kelly S, Kershaw JK, Khan Z, Kioschis P, Klages S, Knights AJ, Kosiura A, Kovar-Smith C, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leversha M, Lewis L, Liu W, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Loulseged H, Loveland JE, Lovell JD, Lozado R, Lu J, Lyne R, Ma J, Maheshwari M, Matthews LH, McDowall J, McLaren S, McMurray A, Meidl P, Meitinger T, Milne S, Miner G, Mistry SL, Morgan M, Morris S, Muller I, Mullikin JC, Nguyen N, Nordsiek G, Nyakatura G, O'Dell CN, Okwuonu G, Palmer S, Pandian R, Parker D, Parrish J, Pasternak S, Patel D, Pearce AV, Pearson DM, Pelan SE, Perez L, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Reichwald K, Rhodes S, Ridler KA, Schlessinger D, Schueler MG, Sehra HK, Shaw-Smith C, Shen H, Sheridan EM, Shownkeen R, Skuce CD, Smith ML, Sotheran EC, Steingruber HE, Steward CA, Storey R, Swann RM, Swarbreck D, Tabor PE, Taudien S, Taylor T, Teague B, Thomas K, Thorpe A, Timms K, Tracey A, Trevanion S, Tromans AC, d'Urso M, Verduzco D, Villasana D, Waldron L, Wall M, Wang Q, Warren J, Warry GL, Wei X, West A, Whitehead SL, Whiteley MN, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams G, Williams L, Williamson A, Williamson H, Wilming L, Woodmansey RL, Wray PW, Yen J, Zhang J, Zhou J, Zoghbi H, Zorilla S, Buck D, Reinhardt R, Poustka A, Rosenthal A, Lehrach H, Meindl A, Minx PJ, Hillier LW, Willard HF, Wilson RK, Waterston RH, Rice CM, Vaudin M, Coulson A, Nelson DL, Weinstock G, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Gibbs RA, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR: The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome. Nature. 2005 Mar 17;434(7031):325-37. [PubMed ]
8. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
9. Harris EE, Hey J: X chromosome evidence for ancient human histories. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Mar 16;96(6):3320-4. [PubMed ]
10. Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, Elias JE, Villen J, Li J, Cohn MA, Cantley LC, Gygi SP: Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Aug 17;101(33):12130-5. Epub 2004 Aug 9. [PubMed ]
11. Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed ]
12. Rikova K, Guo A, Zeng Q, Possemato A, Yu J, Haack H, Nardone J, Lee K, Reeves C, Li Y, Hu Y, Tan Z, Stokes M, Sullivan L, Mitchell J, Wetzel R, Macneill J, Ren JM, Yuan J, Bakalarski CE, Villen J, Kornhauser JM, Smith B, Li D, Zhou X, Gygi SP, Gu TL, Polakiewicz RD, Rush J, Comb MJ: Global survey of phosphotyrosine signaling identifies oncogenic kinases in lung cancer. Cell. 2007 Dec 14;131(6):1190-203. [PubMed ]
13. Giorgianni F, Zhao Y, Desiderio DM, Beranova-Giorgianni S: Toward a global characterization of the phosphoproteome in prostate cancer cells: identification of phosphoproteins in the LNCaP cell line. Electrophoresis. 2007 Jun;28(12):2027-34. [PubMed ]
14. Zahedi RP, Lewandrowski U, Wiesner J, Wortelkamp S, Moebius J, Schutz C, Walter U, Gambaryan S, Sickmann A: Phosphoproteome of resting human platelets. J Proteome Res. 2008 Feb;7(2):526-34. Epub 2007 Dec 19. [PubMed ]
15. Cantin GT, Yi W, Lu B, Park SK, Xu T, Lee JD, Yates JR 3rd: Combining protein-based IMAC, peptide-based IMAC, and MudPIT for efficient phosphoproteomic analysis. J Proteome Res. 2008 Mar;7(3):1346-51. Epub 2008 Jan 26. [PubMed ]
16. Daub H, Olsen JV, Bairlein M, Gnad F, Oppermann FS, Korner R, Greff Z, Keri G, Stemmann O, Mann M: Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle. Mol Cell. 2008 Aug 8;31(3):438-48. [PubMed ]
17. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
18. Oppermann FS, Gnad F, Olsen JV, Hornberger R, Greff Z, Keri G, Mann M, Daub H: Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2009 Jul;8(7):1751-64. Epub 2009 Apr 15. [PubMed ]
19. Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed ]
20. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
21. Ciszak EM, Korotchkina LG, Dominiak PM, Sidhu S, Patel MS: Structural basis for flip-flop action of thiamin pyrophosphate-dependent enzymes revealed by human pyruvate dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 6;278(23):21240-6. Epub 2003 Mar 21. [PubMed ]
22. Dahl HH, Brown GK, Brown RM, Hansen LL, Kerr DS, Wexler ID, Patel MS, De Meirleir L, Lissens W, Chun K, et al.: Mutations and polymorphisms in the pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha gene. Hum Mutat. 1992;1(2):97-102. [PubMed ]
23. Hansen LL, Brown GK, Kirby DM, Dahl HH: Characterization of the mutations in three patients with pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1991;14(2):140-51. [PubMed ]
24. De Meirleir L, Lissens W, Vamos E, Liebaers I: Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) deficiency caused by a 21-base pair insertion mutation in the E1 alpha subunit. Hum Genet. 1992 Mar;88(6):649-52. [PubMed ]
25. Dahl HH, Hansen LL, Brown RM, Danks DM, Rogers JG, Brown GK: X-linked pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha subunit deficiency in heterozygous females: variable manifestation of the same mutation. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1992;15(6):835-47. [PubMed ]
26. Ito M, Huq AH, Naito E, Saijo T, Takeda E, Kuroda Y: Mutation of E1 alpha gene in a female patient with pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency due to rapid degradation of E1 protein. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1992;15(6):848-56. [PubMed ]
27. Matthews PM, Marchington DR, Squier M, Land J, Brown RM, Brown GK: Molecular genetic characterization of an X-linked form of Leigh's syndrome. Ann Neurol. 1993 Jun;33(6):652-5. [PubMed ]
28. Chun K, MacKay N, Petrova-Benedict R, Robinson BH: Mutations in the X-linked E1 alpha subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase leading to deficiency of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Apr;2(4):449-54. [PubMed ]
29. Matthews PM, Brown RM, Otero LJ, Marchington DR, LeGris M, Howes R, Meadows LS, Shevell M, Scriver CR, Brown GK: Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. Clinical presentation and molecular genetic characterization of five new patients. Brain. 1994 Jun;117 ( Pt 3):435-43. [PubMed ]
30. Hansen LL, Horn N, Dahl HH, Kruse TA: Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency caused by a 33 base pair duplication in the PDH E1 alpha subunit. Hum Mol Genet. 1994 Jun;3(6):1021-2. [PubMed ]
31. Dahl HH, Brown GK: Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency in a male caused by a point mutation (F205L) in the E1 alpha subunit. Hum Mutat. 1994;3(2):152-5. [PubMed ]
32. Awata H, Endo F, Tanoue A, Kitano A, Matsuda I: Characterization of a point mutation in the pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha gene from two boys with primary lactic acidaemia. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1994;17(2):189-95. [PubMed ]
33. Chun K, MacKay N, Petrova-Benedict R, Federico A, Fois A, Cole DE, Robertson E, Robinson BH: Mutations in the X-linked E1 alpha subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase: exon skipping, insertion of duplicate sequence, and missense mutations leading to the deficiency of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Mar;56(3):558-69. [PubMed ]
34. Takakubo F, Cartwright P, Hoogenraad N, Thorburn DR, Collins F, Lithgow T, Dahl HH: An amino acid substitution in the pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha gene, affecting mitochondrial import of the precursor protein. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Oct;57(4):772-80. [PubMed ]
35. Hemalatha SG, Kerr DS, Wexler ID, Lusk MM, Kaung M, Du Y, Kolli M, Schelper RL, Patel MS: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency due to a point mutation (P188L) within the thiamine pyrophosphate binding loop of the E1 alpha subunit. Hum Mol Genet. 1995 Feb;4(2):315-8. [PubMed ]
36. Lissens W, De Meirleir L, Seneca S, Benelli C, Marsac C, Poll-The BT, Briones P, Ruitenbeek W, van Diggelen O, Chaigne D, Ramaekers V, Liebaers I: Mutation analysis of the pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha gene in eight patients with a pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency. Hum Mutat. 1996;7(1):46-51. [PubMed ]
37. Tripatara A, Kerr DS, Lusk MM, Kolli M, Tan J, Patel MS: Three new mutations of the pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha subunit: a point mutation (M181V), 3 bp deletion (-R282), and 16 bp insertion/frameshift (K358SVS-->TVDQS). Hum Mutat. 1996;8(2):180-2. [PubMed ]
38. Naito E, Ito M, Yokota I, Saijo T, Matsuda J, Osaka H, Kimura S, Kuroda Y: Biochemical and molecular analysis of an X-linked case of Leigh syndrome associated with thiamin-responsive pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1997 Aug;20(4):539-48. [PubMed ]
39. Otero LJ, Brown RM, Brown GK: Arginine 302 mutations in the pyruvate dehydrogenase E1alpha subunit gene: identification of further patients and in vitro demonstration of pathogenicity. Hum Mutat. 1998;12(2):114-21. [PubMed ]

1. Jackson RH, Singer TP: Inactivation of the 2-ketoglutarate and pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes of beef heart by branched chain keto acids. J Biol Chem. 1983 Feb 10;258(3):1857-65. [PubMed ]

1. PDHE1-A type II

MLAAFISRVLRRVAQKSARRVLVASRNSSNDATFEIKKCDLYLLEEGPPVTTVLTRAEGL
KYYRMMLTVRRMELKADQLYKQKFIRGFCHLCDGQEACCVGLEAGINPSDHVITSYRAHG
VCYTRGLSVRSILAELTGRRGGCAKGKGGSMHMYTKNFYGGNGIVGAQGPLGAGIALACK
YKGNDEICLTLYGDGAANQGQIAEAFNMAALWKLPCVFICENNLYGMGTSTERAAASPDY
YKRGNFIPGLKVDGMDVLCVREATKFAANYCRSGKGPILMELQTYRYHGHSMSDPGVSYR
TREEIQEVRSKRDPIIILQDRMVNSKLATVEELKEIGAEVRKEIDDAAQFATTDPEPHLE
ELGHHIYSSDSSFEVRGANPWIKFKSVS

• Butyrate Metabolism (map00650 )
• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
• Pyruvate Metabolism (map00620 )

• pyruvate + [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] lipoyllysine = [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine + CO2 [RN:R01699]

• E1_dh (PF00676 )

• None

• None

ATGCTGGCCGCCTTCATCTCCCGCGTGTTGAGGCGAGTTGCCCAGAAATCAGCTCGCAGA
GTGCTGGTGGCATCCCGTAACTCCTCAAATGACGCTACATTTGAAATTAAGAAATGTGAT
CTTTATCTGTTGGAAGAGGGTCCCCCTGTCACTACAGTGCTCACTAGGGCGGAGGGGCTT
AAATACTACAGGATGATGCTGACTGTTCGCCGCATGGAATTGAAGGCAGATCAGCTGTAC
AAACAGAAATTCATTCGCGGTTTCTGTCACCTGTGCGATGGTCAGGAAGCTTGTTGCGTG
GGCCTTGAGGCCGGCATAAACCCCTCGGATCACGTCATTACATCCTATAGGGCTCATGGT
GTGTGCTATACTCGGGGACTTTCTGTCCGATCCATTCTCGCAGAGCTGACGGGAAGAAGA
GGAGGTTGTGCTAAAGGAAAAGGAGGATCGATGCATATGTATACCAAGAACTTCTATGGG
GGCAATGGCATCGTCGGTGCACAGGGCCCCCTGGGCGCTGGCATTGCTCTGGCCTGTAAA
TATAAAGGAAACGATGAGATCTGTTTGACTTTATATGGGGATGGCGCTGCGAATCAGGGG
CAGATAGCCGAAGCTTTCAATATGGCAGCTTTATGGAAATTACCTTGTGTTTTCATCTGT
GAGAATAACCTATATGGAATGGGAACATCTACTGAGAGAGCAGCAGCCAGCCCTGATTAC
TACAAGAGGGGCAATTTTATCCCTGGGCTAAAGGTCGATGGAATGGATGTTCTGTGTGTT
CGTGAGGCAACAAAATTTGCAGCTAACTACTGTAGATCTGGAAAGGGGCCCATACTGATG
GAGCTGCAAACCTACCGTTATCATGGACACAGTATGAGTGATCCTGGAGTCAGTTATCGT
ACACGAGAAGAAATTCAGGAAGTAAGAAGTAAGAGGGATCCTATAATAATTCTCCAAGAT
AGAATGGTAAACAGCAAGCTCGCCACTGTGGAAGAATTAAAGGAAATTGGGGCTGAGGTG
AGGAAAGAAATTGATGATGCTGCCCAGTTTGCTACCACTGATCCTGAGCCACATTTGGAA
GAATTAGGCCATCACATCTACAGCAGTGATTCATCTTTTGAAGTTCGTGGTGCAAATCCA
TGGATCAAGTTTAAGTCCGTCAGTTAA

1. Dahl HH, Brown RM, Hutchison WM, Maragos C, Brown GK: A testis-specific form of the human pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha subunit is coded for by an intronless gene on chromosome 4. Genomics. 1990 Oct;8(2):225-32. [PubMed ]
2. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
4. Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed ]
5. Rikova K, Guo A, Zeng Q, Possemato A, Yu J, Haack H, Nardone J, Lee K, Reeves C, Li Y, Hu Y, Tan Z, Stokes M, Sullivan L, Mitchell J, Wetzel R, Macneill J, Ren JM, Yuan J, Bakalarski CE, Villen J, Kornhauser JM, Smith B, Li D, Zhou X, Gygi SP, Gu TL, Polakiewicz RD, Rush J, Comb MJ: Global survey of phosphotyrosine signaling identifies oncogenic kinases in lung cancer. Cell. 2007 Dec 14;131(6):1190-203. [PubMed ]
6. Zahedi RP, Lewandrowski U, Wiesner J, Wortelkamp S, Moebius J, Schutz C, Walter U, Gambaryan S, Sickmann A: Phosphoproteome of resting human platelets. J Proteome Res. 2008 Feb;7(2):526-34. Epub 2007 Dec 19. [PubMed ]
7. Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]
8. Oppermann FS, Gnad F, Olsen JV, Hornberger R, Greff Z, Keri G, Mann M, Daub H: Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2009 Jul;8(7):1751-64. Epub 2009 Apr 15. [PubMed ]

1. Jackson RH, Singer TP: Inactivation of the 2-ketoglutarate and pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes of beef heart by branched chain keto acids. J Biol Chem. 1983 Feb 10;258(3):1857-65. [PubMed ]

1. 70 kDa mitochondrial autoantigen of primary biliary cirrhosis
2. PBC
3. Dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
4. M2 antigen complex 70 kDa subunit
5. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex component E2
6. PDC-E2
7. PDCE2

MWRVCARRAQNVAPWAGLEARWTALQEVPGTPRVTSRSGPAPARRNSVTTGYGGVRALCG
WTPSSGATPRNRLLLQLLGSPGRRYYSLPPHQKVPLPSLSPTMQAGTIARWEKKEGDKIN
EGDLIAEVETDKATVGFESLEECYMAKILVAEGTRDVPIGAIICITVGKPEDIEAFKNYT
LDSSAAPTPQAAPAPTPAATASPPTPSAQAPGSSYPPHMQVLLPALSPTMTMGTVQRWEK
KVGEKLSEGDLLAEIETDKATIGFEVQEEGYLAKILVPEGTRDVPLGTPLCIIVEKEADI
SAFADYRPTEVTDLKPQVPPPTPPPVAAVPPTPQPLAPTPSAPCPATPAGPKGRVFVSPL
AKKLAVEKGIDLTQVKGTGPDGRITKKDIDSFVPSKVAPAPAAVVPPTGPGMAPVPTGVF
TDIPISNIRRVIAQRLMQSKQTIPHYYLSIDVNMGEVLLVRKELNKILEGRSKISVNDFI
IKASALACLKVPEANSSWMDTVIRQNHVVDVSVAVSTPAGLITPIVFNAHIKGVETIAND
VVSLATKAREGKLQPHEFQGGTFTISNLGMFGIKNFSAIINPPQACILAIGASEDKLVPA
DNEKGFDVASMMSVTLSCDHRVVDGAVGAQWLAEFRKYLEKPITMLL

• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
• Pyruvate Metabolism (map00620 )

• acetyl-CoA + enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine = CoA + enzyme N6-(S-acetyldihydrolipoyl)lysine [RN:R02569]

• 2-oxoacid_dh (PF00198 )
• Biotin_lipoyl (PF00364 )
• E3_binding (PF02817 )

• None

• None

ATGTGGCGCGTCTGTGCGCGACGGGCTCAGAATGTAGCCCCATGGGCGGGACTCGAGGCT
CGGTGGACGGCCTTGCAGGAGGTACCCGGAACTCCACGAGTGACCTCGCGATCTGGCCCG
GCTCCCGTTCGTCGCAACAGCGTGACTACAGGGTATGGCGGGGTCCGGGCACTGTGCGGC
TGGACCCCCAGTTCTGGGGCCACGCCGCGGAACCGCTTACTGCTGCAGCTTTTGGGGTCG
CCCGGCCGCCGCTATTACAGTCTTCCCCCGCATCAGAAGGTTCCATTGCCTTCTCTTTCC
CCCACAATGCAGGCAGGCACCATAGCCCGTTGGGAAAAAAAAGAGGGAGACAAAATCAAT
GAAGGTGACCTAATTGCAGAGGTTGAAACTGATAAAGCCACTGTTGGATTTGAGAGCCTG
GAGGAGTGTTATATGGCAAAGATACTTGTTGCTGAAGGTACCAGGGATGTTCCCATCGGA
GCGATCATCTGTATCACAGTTGGCAAGCCTGAGGATATTGAGGCCTTTAAAAATTATACA
CTGGATTCCTCAGCAGCACCTACCCCACAAGCGGCCCCAGCACCAACCCCTGCTGCCACT
GCTTCGCCACCTACACCTTCTGCTCAGGCTCCTGGTAGCTCATATCCCCCTCACATGCAG
GTACTTCTTCCTGCCCTCTCTCCCACCATGACCATGGGCACAGTTCAGAGATGGGAAAAA
AAAGTGGGTGAGAAGCTAAGTGAAGGAGACTTACTGGCAGAGATAGAAACTGACAAAGCC
ACTATAGGTTTTGAAGTACAGGAAGAAGGTTATCTGGCAAAAATCCTGGTCCCTGAAGGC
ACAAGAGATGTCCCTCTAGGAACCCCACTCTGTATCATTGTAGAAAAAGAGGCAGATATA
TCAGCATTTGCTGACTATAGGCCAACCGAAGTAACAGATTTAAAACCACAAGCGCCACCA
CCTACCCCACCCCCGGTGGCCGCTGTTCCTCCAACTCCCCAGCCTTTAGCTCCTACACCT
TCAGCACCCTGCCCAGCTACTCCTGCTGGACCAAAGGGAAGGGTGTTTGTTAGCCCTCTT
GCAAAGAAGTTGGCAGTAGAGAAAGGGATTGATCTTACACAAGTAAAAGGGACAGGACCA
GATGGTAGAATCACCAAGAAGGATATCGACTCTTTTGTGCCTAGTAAAGTTGCTCCTGCT
CCGGCAGCTGTTGTGCCTCCCACAGGTCCTGGAATGGCACCAGTTCCTACAGGTGTCTTC
ACAGATATCCCAATCAGCAACATTCGTCGGGTTATTGCACAGCGATTAATGCAATCAAAG
CAAACCATACCTCATTATTACCTTTCTATCAATGTAAATATGGGAGAAGTTTTGTTGGTA
CGGAAAGAACTTAATAAGATATTAGAAGGGAGAAGCAAAATTTCTGTCAATGACTTCATC
ATAAAAGCTTCAGCTTTGGCATGTTTAAAAGTTCCCGAAGCAAATTCTTCTTGGATGGAC
ACAGTTATAAGACAAAATCATGTTGTTGATGTCAGTGTTGCGGTCAGTACTCCTGCAGGA
CTCATCACACCTATTGTGTTTAATGCACATATAAAAGGAGTGGAAACCATTGCTAATGAT
GTTGTTTCTTTAGCAACCAAAGCAAGAGAGGGTAAACTACAGCCACATGAATTCCAGGGT
GGCACTTTTACGATCTCCAATTTAGGAATGTTTGGAATTAAGAATTTCTCTGCTATTATT
AACCCACCTCAAGCATGTATTTTGGCAATTGGTGCTTCAGAGGATAAACTGGTCCCTGCA
GATAATGAAAAAGGGTTTGATGTGGCTAGCATGATGTCTGTTACACTCAGTTGTGATCAC
CGGGTGGTGGATGGAGCAGTTGGAGCCCAGTGGCTTGCTGAGTTTAGAAAGTACCTTGAA
AAACCTATCACTATGTTGTTGTAA

1. Taylor TD, Noguchi H, Totoki Y, Toyoda A, Kuroki Y, Dewar K, Lloyd C, Itoh T, Takeda T, Kim DW, She X, Barlow KF, Bloom T, Bruford E, Chang JL, Cuomo CA, Eichler E, FitzGerald MG, Jaffe DB, LaButti K, Nicol R, Park HS, Seaman C, Sougnez C, Yang X, Zimmer AR, Zody MC, Birren BW, Nusbaum C, Fujiyama A, Hattori M, Rogers J, Lander ES, Sakaki Y: Human chromosome 11 DNA sequence and analysis including novel gene identification. Nature. 2006 Mar 23;440(7083):497-500. [PubMed ]
2. Coppel RL, McNeilage LJ, Surh CD, Van de Water J, Spithill TW, Whittingham S, Gershwin ME: Primary structure of the human M2 mitochondrial autoantigen of primary biliary cirrhosis: dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Oct;85(19):7317-21. [PubMed ]
3. Thekkumkara TJ, Ho L, Wexler ID, Pons G, Liu TC, Patel MS: Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA for the dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase component of human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. FEBS Lett. 1988 Nov 21;240(1-2):45-8. [PubMed ]
4. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
5. Howard MJ, Fuller C, Broadhurst RW, Perham RN, Tang JG, Quinn J, Diamond AG, Yeaman SJ: Three-dimensional structure of the major autoantigen in primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 1998 Jul;115(1):139-46. [PubMed ]
6. Head RA, Brown RM, Zolkipli Z, Shahdadpuri R, King MD, Clayton PT, Brown GK: Clinical and genetic spectrum of pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency: dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2) deficiency. Ann Neurol. 2005 Aug;58(2):234-41. [PubMed ]
7. Kato M, Chuang JL, Tso SC, Wynn RM, Chuang DT: Crystal structure of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 3 bound to lipoyl domain 2 of human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. EMBO J. 2005 May 18;24(10):1763-74. Epub 2005 Apr 28. [PubMed ]
8. Devedjiev Y, Steussy CN, Vassylyev DG: Crystal structure of an asymmetric complex of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 3 with lipoyl domain 2 and its biological implications. J Mol Biol. 2007 Jul 13;370(3):407-16. Epub 2007 May 10. [PubMed ]
9. Kato M, Li J, Chuang JL, Chuang DT: Distinct structural mechanisms for inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoforms by AZD7545, dichloroacetate, and radicicol. Structure. 2007 Aug;15(8):992-1004. Epub 2007 Aug 2. [PubMed ]

1. Jackson RH, Singer TP: Inactivation of the 2-ketoglutarate and pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes of beef heart by branched chain keto acids. J Biol Chem. 1983 Feb 10;258(3):1857-65. [PubMed ]

1. Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase E1 component beta chain
2. BCKDE1B
3. BCKDH E1-beta

MAVVAAAAGWLLRLRAAGAEGHWRRLPGAGLARGFLHPAATVEDAAQRRQVAHFTFQPDP
EPREYGQTQKMNLFQSVTSALDNSLAKDPTAVIFGEDVAFGGVFRCTVGLRDKYGKDRVF
NTPLCEQGIVGFGIGIAVTGATAIAEIQFADYIFPAFDQIVNEAAKYRYRSGDLFNCGSL
TIRSPWGCVGHGALYHSQSPEAFFAHCPGIKVVIPRSPFQAKGLLLSCIEDKNPCIFFEP
KILYRAAAEEVPIEPYNIPLSQAEVIQEGSDVTLVAWGTQVHVIREVASMAKEKLGVSCE
VIDLRTIIPWDVDTICKSVIKTGRLLISHEAPLTGGFASEISSTVQEECFLNLEAPISRV
CGYDTPFPHIFEPFYIPDKWKCYDALRKMINY

• Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation (map00280 )

• 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] lipoyllysine = [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(2-methylpropanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine + CO2 [RN:R01701]

• Transket_pyr (PF02779 )
• Transketolase_C (PF02780 )

• None

• None

ATGGCGGTTGTAGCGGCGGCTGCCGGCTGGCTACTCAGGCTCAGGGCGGCAGGGGCTGAG
GGGCACTGGCGTCGGCTTCCTGGCGCGGGGCTGGCGCGGGGCTTTTTGCACCCCGCCGCG
ACTGTCGAGGATGCGGCCCAGAGGCGGCAGGTGGCTCATTTTACTTTCCAGCCAGATCCG
GAGCCCCGGGAGTACGGGCAAACTCAGAAAATGAATCTTTTCCAGTCTGTAACAAGTGCC
TTGGATAACTCATTGGCCAAAGATCCTACTGCAGTAATATTTGGTGAAGATGTTGCCTTT
GGTGGAGTCTTTAGATGCACTGTTGGCTTGCGAGACAAATATGGAAAAGATAGAGTTTTT
AATACCCCATTGTGTGAACAAGGAATTGTTGGATTTGGAATCGGAATTGCGGTCACTGGA
GCTACTGCCATTGCGGAAATTCAGTTTGCAGATTATATTTTCCCTGCATTTGATCAGATT
GTTAATGAAGCTGCCAAGTATCGCTATCGCTCTGGGGATCTTTTTAACTGTGGAAGCCTC
ACTATCCGGTCCCCTTGGGGCTGTGTTGGTCATGGGGCTCTCTATCATTCTCAGAGTCCT
GAAGCATTTTTTGCCCATTGCCCAGGAATCAAGGTGGTTATACCCAGAAGCCCTTTCCAG
GCCAAAGGACTTCTTTTGTCATGCATAGAGGATAAAAATCCTTGTATATTTTTTGAACCT
AAAATACTTTACAGGGCAGCAGCGGAAGAAGTCCCTATAGAACCATACAACATCCCACTG
TCCCAGGCCGAAGTCATACAGGAAGGGAGTGATGTTACTCTAGTTGCCTGGGGCACTCAG
GTTCATGTGATCCGAGAGGTAGCTTCCATGGCAAAAGAAAAGCTTGGAGTGTCTTGTGAA
GTCATTGATCTGAGGACTATAATACCTTGGGATGTGGACACAATTTGTAAGTCTGTGATC
AAAACAGGGCGACTGCTAATCAGTCACGAGGCTCCCTTGACAGGCGGCTTTGCATCGGAA
ATCAGCTCTACAGTTCAGGAGGAATGTTTCTTGAACCTAGAGGCTCCTATATCAAGAGTA
TGTGGTTATGACACACCATTTCCTCACATTTTTGAACCATTCTACATCCCAGACAAATGG
AAGTGTTATGATGCCCTTCGAAAAATGATCAACTATTGA

1. Nobukuni Y, Mitsubuchi H, Endo F, Akaboshi I, Asaka J, Matsuda I: Maple syrup urine disease. Complete primary structure of the E1 beta subunit of human branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex deduced from the nucleotide sequence and a gene analysis of patients with this disease. J Clin Invest. 1990 Jul;86(1):242-7. [PubMed ]
2. Chuang JL, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Maple syrup urine disease: the E1beta gene of human branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex has 11 rather than 10 exons, and the 3' UTR in one of the two E1beta mRNAs arises from intronic sequences. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 Jun;58(6):1373-7. [PubMed ]
3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
4. Chuang JL, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Molecular cloning of the mature E1b-beta subunit of human branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. FEBS Lett. 1990 Mar 26;262(2):305-9. [PubMed ]
5. Wynn RM, Kochi H, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Differential processing of human and rat E1 alpha precursors of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex caused by an N-terminal proline in the rat sequence. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Sep 28;1201(1):125-8. [PubMed ]
6. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
7. Nobukuni Y, Mitsubuchi H, Hayashida Y, Ohta K, Indo Y, Ichiba Y, Endo F, Matsuda I: Heterogeneity of mutations in maple syrup urine disease (MSUD): screening and identification of affected E1 alpha and E1 beta subunits of the branched-chain alpha-keto-acid dehydrogenase multienzyme complex. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Nov 25;1225(1):64-70. [PubMed ]
8. Edelmann L, Wasserstein MP, Kornreich R, Sansaricq C, Snyderman SE, Diaz GA: Maple syrup urine disease: identification and carrier-frequency determination of a novel founder mutation in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Oct;69(4):863-8. Epub 2001 Aug 16. [PubMed ]

1. Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase E1 component alpha chain
2. BCKDE1A
3. BCKDH E1-alpha

MAVAIAAARVWRLNRGLSQAALLLLRQPGARGLARSHPPRQQQQFSSLDDKPQFPGASAE
FIDKLEFIQPNVISGIPIYRVMDRQGQIINPSEDPHLPKEKVLKLYKSMTLLNTMDRILY
ESQRQGRISFYMTNYGEEGTHVGSAAALDNTDLVFGQYREAGVLMYRDYPLELFMAQCYG
NISDLGKGRQMPVHYGCKERHFVTISSPLATQIPQAVGAAYAAKRANANRVVICYFGEGA
ASEGDAHAGFNFAATLECPIIFFCRNNGYAISTPTSEQYRGDGIAARGPGYGIMSIRVDG
NDVFAVYNATKEARRRAVAENQPFLIEAMTYRIGHHSTSDDSSAYRSVDEVNYWDKQDHP
ISRLRHYLLSQGWWDEEQEKAWRKQSRRKVMEAFEQAERKPKPNPNLLFSDVYQEMPAQL
RKQQESLARHLQTYGEHYPLDHFDK

• Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation (map00280 )

• 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] lipoyllysine = [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(2-methylpropanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine + CO2 [RN:R01701]

• E1_dh (PF00676 )

• None

• None

ATGGCGGTAGCGATCGCTGCAGCGAGGGTCTGGCGGCTAAACCGTGGTTTGAGCCAGGCT
GCCCTCCTGCTGCTGCGGCAGCCTGGGGCTCGGGGACTGGCTAGATCTCACCCCCCCAGG
CAGCAGCAGCAGTTTTCATCTCTGGATGACAAGCCCCAGTTCCCAGGGGCCTCGGCGGAG
TTTATAGATAAGTTGGAATTCATCCAGCCCAACGTCATCTCTGGAATCCCCATCTACCGC
GTCATGGACCGGCAAGGCCAGATCATCAACCCCAGCGAGGACCCCCACCTGCCGAAGGAG
AAGGTGCTGAAGCTCTACAAGAGCATGACACTGCTTAACACCATGGACCGCATCCTCTAT
GAGTCTCAGCGGCAGGGCCGGATCTCCTTCTACATGACCAACTATGGTGAGGAGGGCACG
CACGTGGGGAGTGCCGCCGCCCTGGACAACACGGACCTGGTGTTTGGCCAGTACCGGGAG
GCAGGTGTGCTGATGTATCGGGACTACCCCCTGGAACTATTCATGGCCCAGTGCTATGGC
AACATCAGTGACTTGGGCAAGGGGCGCCAGATGCCTGTCCACTACGGCTGCAAGGAACGC
CACTTCGTCACTATCTCCTCTCCACTGGCCACGCAGATCCCTCAGGCGGTGGGGGCGGCG
TACGCAGCCAAGCGGGCCAATGCCAACAGGGTCGTCATCTGTTACTTCGGCGAGGGGGCA
GCCAGTGAGGGGGACGCCCATGCCGGCTTCAACTTCGCTGCCACACTTGAGTGCCCCATC
ATCTTCTTCTGCCGGAACAATGGCTACGCCATCTCCACGCCCACCTCTGAGCAGTATCGC
GGCGATGGCATTGCAGCACGAGGCCCCGGGTATGGCATCATGTCAATCCGCGTGGATGGT
AATGATGTGTTTGCCGTATACAACGCCACAAAGGAGGCCCGACGGCGGGCTGTGGCAGAG
AACCAGCCCTTTCTCATCGAGGCCATGACCTACAGGATCGGGCACCACAGCACCAGTGAC
GACAGTTCAGCGTACCGCTCGGTGGATGAGGTCAATTACTGGGATAAACAGGACCACCCC
ATCTCCCGGCTGCGGCACTATCTGCTGAGCCAAGGCTGGTGGGATGAGGAGCAGGAGAAG
GCCTGGAGGAAGCAGTCCCGCAGGAAGGTGATGGAGGCCTTTGAGCAGGCCGAGCGGAAG
CCCAAACCCAACCCCAACCTGCTCTTCTCAGACGTGTATCAGGAGATGCCCGCCCAGCTC
CGCAAGCAGCAGGAGTCTCTGGCCCGCCACCTGCAGACCTACGGGGAGCACTACCCACTG
GATCACTTCGATAAGTGA

1. McKean MC, Winkeler KA, Danner DJ: Nucleotide sequence of the 5' end including the initiation codon of cDNA for the E1 alpha subunit of the human branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992 Nov 15;1171(1):109-12. [PubMed ]
2. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
3. Fisher CW, Chuang JL, Griffin TA, Lau KS, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Molecular phenotypes in cultured maple syrup urine disease cells. Complete E1 alpha cDNA sequence and mRNA and subunit contents of the human branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. J Biol Chem. 1989 Feb 25;264(6):3448-53. [PubMed ]
4. Dariush N, Fisher CW, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Structure of the gene encoding the entire mature E1 alpha subunit of human branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. FEBS Lett. 1991 Jun 17;284(1):34-8. [PubMed ]
5. Dariush N, Fisher CW, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Structure of the gene encoding the entire mature E1 alpha subunit of human branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (1991) FEBS Letters 284, 34-38. FEBS Lett. 1991 Oct 21;291(2):376-7. [PubMed ]
6. Zhang B, Crabb DW, Harris RA: Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the E1 alpha subunit of human liver branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase. Gene. 1988 Sep 15;69(1):159-64. [PubMed ]
7. Wynn RM, Kochi H, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Differential processing of human and rat E1 alpha precursors of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex caused by an N-terminal proline in the rat sequence. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Sep 28;1201(1):125-8. [PubMed ]
8. Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed ]
9. Molina H, Horn DM, Tang N, Mathivanan S, Pandey A: Global proteomic profiling of phosphopeptides using electron transfer dissociation tandem mass spectrometry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Feb 13;104(7):2199-204. Epub 2007 Feb 7. [PubMed ]
10. Zahedi RP, Lewandrowski U, Wiesner J, Wortelkamp S, Moebius J, Schutz C, Walter U, Gambaryan S, Sickmann A: Phosphoproteome of resting human platelets. J Proteome Res. 2008 Feb;7(2):526-34. Epub 2007 Dec 19. [PubMed ]
11. Cantin GT, Yi W, Lu B, Park SK, Xu T, Lee JD, Yates JR 3rd: Combining protein-based IMAC, peptide-based IMAC, and MudPIT for efficient phosphoproteomic analysis. J Proteome Res. 2008 Mar;7(3):1346-51. Epub 2008 Jan 26. [PubMed ]
12. Han G, Ye M, Zhou H, Jiang X, Feng S, Jiang X, Tian R, Wan D, Zou H, Gu J: Large-scale phosphoproteome analysis of human liver tissue by enrichment and fractionation of phosphopeptides with strong anion exchange chromatography. Proteomics. 2008 Apr;8(7):1346-61. [PubMed ]
13. Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed ]
14. AEvarsson A, Chuang JL, Wynn RM, Turley S, Chuang DT, Hol WG: Crystal structure of human branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase and the molecular basis of multienzyme complex deficiency in maple syrup urine disease. Structure. 2000 Mar 15;8(3):277-91. [PubMed ]
15. Chuang JL, Fisher CR, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Molecular basis of maple syrup urine disease: novel mutations at the E1 alpha locus that impair E1(alpha 2 beta 2) assembly or decrease steady-state E1 alpha mRNA levels of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. Am J Hum Genet. 1994 Aug;55(2):297-304. [PubMed ]
16. Zhang B, Edenberg HJ, Crabb DW, Harris RA: Evidence for both a regulatory mutation and a structural mutation in a family with maple syrup urine disease. J Clin Invest. 1989 Apr;83(4):1425-9. [PubMed ]
17. Matsuda I, Nobukuni Y, Mitsubuchi H, Indo Y, Endo F, Asaka J, Harada A: A T-to-A substitution in the E1 alpha subunit gene of the branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex in two cell lines derived from Menonite maple syrup urine disease patients. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Oct 30;172(2):646-51. [PubMed ]
18. Fisher CR, Fisher CW, Chuang DT, Cox RP: Occurrence of a Tyr393----Asn (Y393N) mutation in the E1 alpha gene of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex in maple syrup urine disease patients from a Mennonite population. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Aug;49(2):429-34. [PubMed ]
19. Fisher CR, Chuang JL, Cox RP, Fisher CW, Star RA, Chuang DT: Maple syrup urine disease in Mennonites. Evidence that the Y393N mutation in E1 alpha impedes assembly of the E1 component of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. J Clin Invest. 1991 Sep;88(3):1034-7. [PubMed ]
20. Nobukuni Y, Mitsubuchi H, Hayashida Y, Ohta K, Indo Y, Ichiba Y, Endo F, Matsuda I: Heterogeneity of mutations in maple syrup urine disease (MSUD): screening and identification of affected E1 alpha and E1 beta subunits of the branched-chain alpha-keto-acid dehydrogenase multienzyme complex. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Nov 25;1225(1):64-70. [PubMed ]
21. Chuang JL, Davie JR, Chinsky JM, Wynn RM, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Molecular and biochemical basis of intermediate maple syrup urine disease. Occurrence of homozygous G245R and F364C mutations at the E1 alpha locus of Hispanic-Mexican patients. J Clin Invest. 1995 Mar;95(3):954-63. [PubMed ]

1. BCAT(c)
2. Protein ECA39

MKDCSNGCSAECTGEGGSKEVVGTFKAKDLIVTPATILKEKPDPNNLVFGTVFTDHMLTV
EWSSEFGWEKPHIKPLQNLSLHPGSSALHYAVELFEGLKAFRGVDNKIRLFQPNLNMDRM
YRSAVRATLPVFDKEELLECIQQLVKLDQEWVPYSTSASLYIRPTFIGTEPSLGVKKPTK
ALLFVLLSPVGPYFSSGTFNPVSLWANPKYVRAWKGGTGDCKMGGNYGSSLFAQCEAVDN
GCQQVLWLYGEDHQITEVGTMNLFLYWINEDGEEELATPPLDGIILPGVTRRCILDLAHQ
WGEFKVSERYLTMDDLTTALEGNRVREMFGSGTACVVCPVSDILYKGETIHIPTMENGPK
LASRILSKLTDIQYGREESDWTIVLS

• Pantothenate and CoA Biosynthesis (map00770 )
• Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation (map00280 )

• L-leucine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate [RN:R01090]

• Aminotran_4 (PF01063 )

• None

• None

ATGAAGGATTGCAGTAACGGATGCTCCGCAGAGTGTACCGGAGAAGGAGGATCAAAAGAG
GTGGTGGGGACTTTTAAGGCTAAAGACCTAATAGTCACACCAGCTACCATTTTAAAGGAA
AAACCAGACCCCAATAATCTGGTTTTTGGAACTGTGTTCACGGATCATATGCTGACGGTG
GAGTGGTCCTCAGAGTTTGGATGGGAGAAACCTCATATCAAGCCTCTTCAGAACCTGTCA
TTGCACCCTGGCTCATCAGCTTTGCACTATGCAGTGGAATTATTTGAAGGATTGAAGGCA
TTTCGAGGAGTAGATAATAAAATTCGACTGTTTCAGCCAAACCTCAACATGGATAGAATG
TATCGCTCTGCTGTGAGGGCAACTCTGCCGGTATTTGACAAAGAAGAGCTCTTAGAGTGT
ATTCAACAGCTTGTGAAATTGGATCAAGAATGGGTCCCATATTCAACATCTGCTAGTCTG
TATATTCGTCCTACATTCATTGGAACTGAGCCTTCTCTTGGAGTCAAGAAGCCTACCAAA
GCCCTGCTCTTTGTACTCTTGAGCCCAGTGGGACCTTATTTTTCAAGTGGAACCTTTAAT
CCAGTGTCCCTGTGGGCCAATCCCAAGTATGTAAGAGCCTGGAAAGGTGGAACTGGGGAC
TGCAAGATGGGAGGGAATTACGGCTCATCTCTTTTTGCCCAATGTGAAGCAGTAGATAAT
GGGTGTCAGCAGGTCCTGTGGCTCTATGGAGAGGACCATCAGATCACTGAAGTGGGAACT
ATGAATCTTTTTCTTTACTGGATAAATGAAGATGGAGAAGAAGAACTGGCAACTCCTCCA
CTAGATGGCATCATTCTTCCAGGAGTGACAAGGCGGTGCATTCTGGACCTGGCACATCAG
TGGGGTGAATTTAAGGTGTCAGAGAGATACCTCACCATGGATGACTTGACAACAGCCCTG
GAGGGGAACAGAGTGAGAGAGATGTTTGGCTCTGGTACAGCCTGTGTTGTTTGCCCAGTT
TCTGATATACTGTACAAAGGCGAGACAATACACATTCCAACTATGGAGAATGGTCCTAAG
CTGGCAAGCCGCATCTTGAGCAAATTAACTGATATCCAGTATGGAAGAGAAGAGAGCGAC
TGGACAATTGTGCTATCCTGA

1. Schuldiner O, Eden A, Ben-Yosef T, Yanuka O, Simchen G, Benvenisty N: ECA39, a conserved gene regulated by c-Myc in mice, is involved in G1/S cell cycle regulation in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Jul 9;93(14):7143-8. [PubMed ]
2. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
3. Scherer SE, Muzny DM, Buhay CJ, Chen R, Cree A, Ding Y, Dugan-Rocha S, Gill R, Gunaratne P, Harris RA, Hawes AC, Hernandez J, Hodgson AV, Hume J, Jackson A, Khan ZM, Kovar-Smith C, Lewis LR, Lozado RJ, Metzker ML, Milosavljevic A, Miner GR, Montgomery KT, Morgan MB, Nazareth LV, Scott G, Sodergren E, Song XZ, Steffen D, Lovering RC, Wheeler DA, Worley KC, Yuan Y, Zhang Z, Adams CQ, Ansari-Lari MA, Ayele M, Brown MJ, Chen G, Chen Z, Clerc-Blankenburg KP, Davis C, Delgado O, Dinh HH, Draper H, Gonzalez-Garay ML, Havlak P, Jackson LR, Jacob LS, Kelly SH, Li L, Li Z, Liu J, Liu W, Lu J, Maheshwari M, Nguyen BV, Okwuonu GO, Pasternak S, Perez LM, Plopper FJ, Santibanez J, Shen H, Tabor PE, Verduzco D, Waldron L, Wang Q, Williams GA, Zhang J, Zhou J, Allen CC, Amin AG, Anyalebechi V, Bailey M, Barbaria JA, Bimage KE, Bryant NP, Burch PE, Burkett CE, Burrell KL, Calderon E, Cardenas V, Carter K, Casias K, Cavazos I, Cavazos SR, Ceasar H, Chacko J, Chan SN, Chavez D, Christopoulos C, Chu J, Cockrell R, Cox CD, Dang M, Dathorne SR, David R, Davis CM, Davy-Carroll L, Deshazo DR, Donlin JE, D'Souza L, Eaves KA, Egan A, Emery-Cohen AJ, Escotto M, Flagg N, Forbes LD, Gabisi AM, Garza M, Hamilton C, Henderson N, Hernandez O, Hines S, Hogues ME, Huang M, Idlebird DG, Johnson R, Jolivet A, Jones S, Kagan R, King LM, Leal B, Lebow H, Lee S, LeVan JM, Lewis LC, London P, Lorensuhewa LM, Loulseged H, Lovett DA, Lucier A, Lucier RL, Ma J, Madu RC, Mapua P, Martindale AD, Martinez E, Massey E, Mawhiney S, Meador MG, Mendez S, Mercado C, Mercado IC, Merritt CE, Miner ZL, Minja E, Mitchell T, Mohabbat F, Mohabbat K, Montgomery B, Moore N, Morris S, Munidasa M, Ngo RN, Nguyen NB, Nickerson E, Nwaokelemeh OO, Nwokenkwo S, Obregon M, Oguh M, Oragunye N, Oviedo RJ, Parish BJ, Parker DN, Parrish J, Parks KL, Paul HA, Payton BA, Perez A, Perrin W, Pickens A, Primus EL, Pu LL, Puazo M, Quiles MM, Quiroz JB, Rabata D, Reeves K, Ruiz SJ, Shao H, Sisson I, Sonaike T, Sorelle RP, Sutton AE, Svatek AF, Svetz LA, Tamerisa KS, Taylor TR, Teague B, Thomas N, Thorn RD, Trejos ZY, Trevino BK, Ukegbu ON, Urban JB, Vasquez LI, Vera VA, Villasana DM, Wang L, Ward-Moore S, Warren JT, Wei X, White F, Williamson AL, Wleczyk R, Wooden HS, Wooden SH, Yen J, Yoon L, Yoon V, Zorrilla SE, Nelson D, Kucherlapati R, Weinstock G, Gibbs RA: The finished DNA sequence of human chromosome 12. Nature. 2006 Mar 16;440(7082):346-51. [PubMed ]
4. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
5. Goto M, Miyahara I, Hirotsu K, Conway M, Yennawar N, Islam MM, Hutson SM: Structural determinants for branched-chain aminotransferase isozyme-specific inhibition by the anticonvulsant drug gabapentin. J Biol Chem. 2005 Nov 4;280(44):37246-56. Epub 2005 Sep 1. [PubMed ]

1. BCAT(m)
2. Placental protein 18
3. PP18

MAAAALGQIWARKLLSVPWLLCGPRRYASSSFKAADLQLEMTQKPHKKPGPGEPLVFGKT
FTDHMLMVEWNDKGWGQPRIQPFQNLTLHPASSSLHYSLQLFEGMKAFKGKDQQVRLFRP
WLNMDRMLRSAMRLCLPSFDKLELLECIRRLIEVDKDWVPDAAGTSLYVRPVLIGNEPSL
GVSQPTRALLFVILCPVGAYFPGGSVTPVSLLADPAFIRAWVGGVGNYKLGGNYGPTVLV
QQEALKRGCEQVLWLYGPDHQLTEVGTMNIFVYWTHEDGVLELVTPPLNGVILPGVVRQS
LLDMAQTWGEFRVVERTITMKQLLRALEEGRVREVFGSGTACQVCPVHRILYKDRNLHIP
TMENGPELILRFQKELKEIQYGIRAHEWMFPV

• Pantothenate and CoA Biosynthesis (map00770 )
• Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation (map00280 )

• L-leucine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate [RN:R01090]

• Aminotran_4 (PF01063 )

• None

• None

ATGGCCGCAGCCGCTCTGGGGCAGATCTGGGCACGAAAGCTTCTCTCTGTCCCTTGGCTT
CTGTGTGGTCCCAGAAGATATGCCTCCTCCAGTTTCAAGGCTGCAGACCTGCAGCTGGAA
ATGACACAGAAGCCTCATAAGAAGCCTGGCCCCGGCGAGCCCCTGGTGTTTGGGAAGACA
TTTACCGACCACATGCTGATGGTGGAATGGAATGACAAGGGCTGGGGCCAGCCCCGAATC
CAGCCCTTCCAGAACCTCACGCTGCACCCAGCCTCCTCCAGCCTCCACTACTCCCTGCAG
CTGTTTGAGGGCATGAAGGCGTTCAAAGGCAAAGACCAGCAGGTGCGCCTCTTCCGCCCC
TGGCTCAACATGGACCGGATGCTGCGCTCAGCCATGCGCCTGTGCCTGCCGAGTTTCGAC
AAGCTGGAGTTGCTGGAGTGCATCCGCCGGCTCATCGAAGTGGACAAGGACTGGGTCCCC
GATGCCGCCGGCACCAGCCTCTATGTGCGGCCTGTGCTCATTGGGAACGAGCCCTCGCTG
GGTGTCAGCCAGCCCACGCGCGCGCTCCTGTTCGTCATTCTCTGCCCAGTGGGTGCCTAC
TTCCCTGGAGGCTCCGTGACCCCGGTCTCCCTCCTGGCCGACCCAGCCTTCATCCGGGCC
TGGGTGGGCGGGGTCGGCAACTACAAGTTAGGTGGGAATTATGGGCCCACCGTGTTAGTG
CAACAGGAGGCACTCAAGCGGGGCTGTGAACAGGTCCTCTGGCTGTATGGGCCCGACCAC
CAGCTCACCGAGGTGGGAACCATGAACATCTTTGTCTACTGGACCCACGAAGATGGGGTG
CTGGAGCTGGTGACGCCCCCGCTGAATGGTGTTATCCTGCCTGGAGTGGTCAGACAGAGT
CTACTGGACATGGCTCAGACCTGGGGTGAGTTCCGGGTGGTGGAGCGCACGATCACCATG
AAGCAGTTGCTGCGGGCCCTGGAGGAGGGCCGCGTGCGGGAAGTCTTTGGCTCGGGCACC
GCTTGCCAGGTCTGCCCAGTGCACCGAATCCTGTACAAAGACAGGAACCTCCACATTCCC
ACCATGGAAAATGGGCCTGAGCTGATCCTCCGCTTCCAGAAGGAGCTGAAGGAGATCCAG
TACGGAATCAGAGCCCACGAGTGGATGTTCCCGGTGTGA

1. Bledsoe RK, Dawson PA, Hutson SM: Cloning of the rat and human mitochondrial branched chain aminotransferases (BCATm). Biochim Biophys Acta. 1997 Apr 25;1339(1):9-13. [PubMed ]
2. Than NG, Sumegi B, Than GN, Bellyei S, Bohn H: Molecular cloning and characterization of placental tissue protein 18 (PP18a)/human mitochondrial branched-chain aminotransferase (BCATm) and its novel alternatively spliced PP18b variant. Placenta. 2001 Feb-Mar;22(2-3):235-43. [PubMed ]
3. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
5. Eden A, Simchen G, Benvenisty N: Two yeast homologs of ECA39, a target for c-Myc regulation, code for cytosolic and mitochondrial branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases. J Biol Chem. 1996 Aug 23;271(34):20242-5. [PubMed ]
6. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
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8. Yennawar NH, Conway ME, Yennawar HP, Farber GK, Hutson SM: Crystal structures of human mitochondrial branched chain aminotransferase reaction intermediates: ketimine and pyridoxamine phosphate forms. Biochemistry. 2002 Oct 1;41(39):11592-601. [PubMed ]
9. Goto M, Miyahara I, Hirotsu K, Conway M, Yennawar N, Islam MM, Hutson SM: Structural determinants for branched-chain aminotransferase isozyme-specific inhibition by the anticonvulsant drug gabapentin. J Biol Chem. 2005 Nov 4;280(44):37246-56. Epub 2005 Sep 1. [PubMed ]
10. Yennawar NH, Islam MM, Conway M, Wallin R, Hutson SM: Human mitochondrial branched chain aminotransferase isozyme: structural role of the CXXC center in catalysis. J Biol Chem. 2006 Dec 22;281(51):39660-71. Epub 2006 Oct 18. [PubMed ]

MAAAALGQIWARKLLSVPWLLCGPRRYASSSFKAADLQLEMTQKPHKKPGPGEPLVFGKT
FTDHMLMVEWNDKGWGQPRIQPFQNLTLHPASSSLHYSLQLFEGMKAFKGKDQQVRLFRP
WLNMDRMLRSAMRLCLPSFDKLELLECIRRLIEVDKDWVPDAAGTSLYVRPVLIGNEPSL
GVSQPTRALLFVILCPVGAYFPGGSVTPVSLLADPAFIRAWVGGVGNYKLGGNYGPTVLV
QQEALKRGCEQVLWLYGPDHQLTEVGTMNIFVYWTHEDGVLELVTPPLNGVILPGVVRQS
LLDMAQTWGEFRVVERTITMKQLLRALEEGRVREVFGSGTACQVCPVHRILYKDRNLHIP
TMENGPELILRFQKELKEIQYGIRAHEWMFPV

• Aminotran_4 (PF01063 )

• None

• None