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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:49 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:39 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0014537
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB14537
Metabolite Identification
Common NameNimodipine
DescriptionNimodipine is a 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It acts primarily on vascular smooth muscle cells by stabilizing voltage-gated L-type calcium channels in their inactive conformation. By inhibiting the influx of calcium in smooth muscle cells, nimodipine prevents calcium-dependent smooth muscle contraction and subsequent vasoconstriction. Compared to other calcium channel blocking agents, nimodipine exhibits greater effects on cerebral circulation than on peripheral circulation. Nimodipine is used to as an adjunct to improve the neurologic outcome following subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.
Structure
Data?1582753190
Synonyms
ValueSource
2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3'-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid 3-beta-methoxyethyl ester 5-isopropyl esterChEBI
BAY e 9736ChEBI
Isopropyl 2-methoxyethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylateChEBI
Isopropyl 2-methoxyethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(m-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylateChEBI
NimodipinoChEBI
NimodipinumChEBI
NimotopChEBI
PeriplumChEBI
NymalizeKegg
2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3'-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate 3-b-methoxyethyl ester 5-isopropyl esterGenerator
2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3'-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate 3-beta-methoxyethyl ester 5-isopropyl esterGenerator
2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3'-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate 3-β-methoxyethyl ester 5-isopropyl esterGenerator
2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3'-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid 3-b-methoxyethyl ester 5-isopropyl esterGenerator
2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3'-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid 3-β-methoxyethyl ester 5-isopropyl esterGenerator
Isopropyl 2-methoxyethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acidGenerator
Isopropyl 2-methoxyethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(m-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acidGenerator
Andromaco brand OF nimodipineHMDB
Bayvit, nimodipinoHMDB
Cantabria brand OF nimodipineHMDB
Hexal, nimodipinHMDB
Alpharma brand OF nimodipineHMDB
Bayvit brand OF nimodipineHMDB
KenesilHMDB
AdmonHMDB
BrainalHMDB
ModusHMDB
Nimodipin hexalHMDB
Nimodipin-isisHMDB
NimodipinISISHMDB
Nimodipino bayvitHMDB
Vita brand OF nimodipineHMDB
e 9736, BayHMDB
9736, Bay eHMDB
Almirall brand OF nimodipineHMDB
Bayer brand OF nimodipineHMDB
CalnitHMDB
Elan brand OF nimodipineHMDB
Esteve brand OF nimodipineHMDB
Hexal brand OF nimodipineHMDB
Nimodipin isisHMDB
RemontalHMDB
Chemical FormulaC21H26N2O7
Average Molecular Weight418.4403
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight418.174001196
IUPAC Name3-(2-methoxyethyl) 5-propan-2-yl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate
Traditional Namenimodipine
CAS Registry Number66085-59-4
SMILES
COCCOC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C1C1=CC(=CC=C1)[N+]([O-])=O)C(=O)OC(C)C
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C21H26N2O7/c1-12(2)30-21(25)18-14(4)22-13(3)17(20(24)29-10-9-28-5)19(18)15-7-6-8-16(11-15)23(26)27/h6-8,11-12,19,22H,9-10H2,1-5H3
InChI KeyUIAGMCDKSXEBJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dihydropyridinecarboxylic acids and derivatives. Dihydropyridinecarboxylic acids and derivatives are compounds containing a dihydropyridine moiety bearing a carboxylic acid group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassPyridines and derivatives
Sub ClassHydropyridines
Direct ParentDihydropyridinecarboxylic acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Dihydropyridinecarboxylic acid derivative
  • Nitrobenzene
  • Nitroaromatic compound
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Benzenoid
  • Vinylogous amide
  • Enoate ester
  • Alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester
  • Amino acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid ester
  • C-nitro compound
  • Organic nitro compound
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Dialkyl ether
  • Secondary aliphatic amine
  • Enamine
  • Ether
  • Azacycle
  • Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
  • Organic oxoazanium
  • Secondary amine
  • Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Allyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Amine
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organic zwitterion
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point125 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.012 g/LNot Available
LogP2.7Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+CBM197.830932474
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.012 g/LALOGPS
logP3.41ALOGPS
logP2.54ChemAxon
logS-4.5ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)5.41ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area119.68 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count10ChemAxon
Refractivity112.38 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability43.17 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+196.89531661259
DarkChem[M-H]-197.16831661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+201.28930932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-198.02930932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-232.28230932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+208.78630932474
AllCCS[M+H]+198.932859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+196.532859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+201.232859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+201.832859911
AllCCS[M-H]-200.332859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-201.032859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-201.932859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
NimodipineCOCCOC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C1C1=CC(=CC=C1)[N+]([O-])=O)C(=O)OC(C)C4095.5Standard polar33892256
NimodipineCOCCOC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C1C1=CC(=CC=C1)[N+]([O-])=O)C(=O)OC(C)C2813.2Standard non polar33892256
NimodipineCOCCOC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C1C1=CC(=CC=C1)[N+]([O-])=O)C(=O)OC(C)C3052.1Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Nimodipine,1TMS,isomer #1COCCOC(=O)C1=C(C)N([Si](C)(C)C)C(C)=C(C(=O)OC(C)C)C1C1=CC=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=C12975.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Nimodipine,1TMS,isomer #1COCCOC(=O)C1=C(C)N([Si](C)(C)C)C(C)=C(C(=O)OC(C)C)C1C1=CC=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=C12578.8Standard non polar33892256
Nimodipine,1TMS,isomer #1COCCOC(=O)C1=C(C)N([Si](C)(C)C)C(C)=C(C(=O)OC(C)C)C1C1=CC=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=C13831.3Standard polar33892256
Nimodipine,1TBDMS,isomer #1COCCOC(=O)C1=C(C)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)=C(C(=O)OC(C)C)C1C1=CC=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=C13195.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Nimodipine,1TBDMS,isomer #1COCCOC(=O)C1=C(C)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)=C(C(=O)OC(C)C)C1C1=CC=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=C12814.0Standard non polar33892256
Nimodipine,1TBDMS,isomer #1COCCOC(=O)C1=C(C)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)=C(C(=O)OC(C)C)C1C1=CC=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=C13838.5Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Nimodipine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0f6y-8009000000-df297acbb119ead19ae22017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Nimodipine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nimodipine , positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-0149000000-2a019013c0386ca133622017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nimodipine 35V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0zfu-0039000000-4fc95af4f67b0afb52342021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nimodipine 35V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-01bc-1654900000-b2486a1feba93aef89fa2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nimodipine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-5000900000-12c2938a62c8cb238e762016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nimodipine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0aor-9002600000-b69caecacf04408cf15b2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nimodipine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0bt9-9000000000-58c041d65b909517cc192016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nimodipine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014i-3000900000-d333c69b2de3907d9af12016-08-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nimodipine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0aor-9000600000-d1954bdf68414fdaddb42016-08-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nimodipine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-3a47cedd9c89d41d9be52016-08-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nimodipine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014i-0004900000-aedc1fdb52380276f2362021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nimodipine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-066r-6049500000-b4e1452bef00eb5c76e42021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nimodipine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-9020000000-24deee9cc6a1174c9f272021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nimodipine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014l-0009400000-10fb7090b7ccce0b345e2021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nimodipine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0ap3-0079100000-d496424ed4e3b7807f282021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nimodipine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0kdi-0098000000-cae1334e08a3166f17ba2021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00393 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00393 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00393
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID4341
KEGG Compound IDC07267
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNimodipine
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound4497
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID7575
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Allen GS, Ahn HS, Preziosi TJ, Battye R, Boone SC, Boone SC, Chou SN, Kelly DL, Weir BK, Crabbe RA, Lavik PJ, Rosenbloom SB, Dorsey FC, Ingram CR, Mellits DE, Bertsch LA, Boisvert DP, Hundley MB, Johnson RK, Strom JA, Transou CR: Cerebral arterial spasm--a controlled trial of nimodipine in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 1983 Mar 17;308(11):619-24. [PubMed:6338383 ]
  2. Belfort MA, Anthony J, Saade GR, Allen JC Jr: A comparison of magnesium sulfate and nimodipine for the prevention of eclampsia. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jan 23;348(4):304-11. [PubMed:12540643 ]
  3. Janjua N, Mayer SA: Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2003 Apr;9(2):113-9. [PubMed:12657973 ]
  4. Vergouwen MD, Vermeulen M, Roos YB: Effect of nimodipine on outcome in patients with traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage: a systematic review. Lancet Neurol. 2006 Dec;5(12):1029-32. [PubMed:17110283 ]
  5. Tomassoni D, Lanari A, Silvestrelli G, Traini E, Amenta F: Nimodipine and its use in cerebrovascular disease: evidence from recent preclinical and controlled clinical studies. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2008 Nov;30(8):744-66. doi: 10.1080/10641960802580232. [PubMed:19021025 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 12 proteins in total.

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide.
Gene Name:
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID:
P08684
Molecular weight:
57255.585
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
Gene Name:
CYP3A5
Uniprot ID:
P20815
Molecular weight:
57108.065
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in transcription regulator activity
Specific function:
Ligand-activated transcriptional activator. Binds to the XRE promoter region of genes it activates. Activates the expression of multiple phase I and II xenobiotic chemical metabolizing enzyme genes (such as the CYP1A1 gene). Mediates biochemical and toxic effects of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. Involved in cell-cycle regulation. Likely to play an important role in the development and maturation of many tissues
Gene Name:
AHR
Uniprot ID:
P35869
Molecular weight:
96146.7
References
  1. Hu W, Sorrentino C, Denison MS, Kolaja K, Fielden MR: Induction of cyp1a1 is a nonspecific biomarker of aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation: results of large scale screening of pharmaceuticals and toxicants in vivo and in vitro. Mol Pharmacol. 2007 Jun;71(6):1475-86. Epub 2007 Feb 27. [PubMed:17327465 ]
General function:
Involved in ion channel activity
Specific function:
Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1D gives rise to L-type calcium currents. Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group. They are blocked by dihydropyridines (DHP), phenylalkylamines, benzothiazepines, and by omega-agatoxin-IIIA (omega-Aga-IIIA). They are however insensitive to omega-conotoxin- GVIA (omega-CTx-GVIA) and omega-agatoxin-IVA (omega-Aga-IVA)
Gene Name:
CACNA1D
Uniprot ID:
Q01668
Molecular weight:
245138.8
References
  1. Sinnegger-Brauns MJ, Huber IG, Koschak A, Wild C, Obermair GJ, Einzinger U, Hoda JC, Sartori SB, Striessnig J: Expression and 1,4-dihydropyridine-binding properties of brain L-type calcium channel isoforms. Mol Pharmacol. 2009 Feb;75(2):407-14. doi: 10.1124/mol.108.049981. Epub 2008 Nov 24. [PubMed:19029287 ]
  2. Weant KA, Ramsey CN 3rd, Cook AM: Role of intraarterial therapy for cerebral vasospasm secondary to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Pharmacotherapy. 2010 Apr;30(4):405-17. doi: 10.1592/phco.30.4.405. [PubMed:20334460 ]
  3. Dong CJ, Guo Y, Agey P, Wheeler L, Hare WA: Nimodipine enhancement of alpha2 adrenergic modulation of NMDA receptor via a mechanism independent of Ca2+ channel blocking. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 Aug;51(8):4174-80. doi: 10.1167/iovs.09-4613. Epub 2010 Mar 24. [PubMed:20335610 ]
  4. Kim JH, Park IS, Park KB, Kang DH, Hwang SH: Intraarterial nimodipine infusion to treat symptomatic cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2009 Sep;46(3):239-44. doi: 10.3340/jkns.2009.46.3.239. Epub 2009 Sep 30. [PubMed:19844625 ]
  5. Kumar R, Mehra R, Ray SB: L-type calcium channel blockers, morphine and pain: Newer insights. Indian J Anaesth. 2010 Mar;54(2):127-31. doi: 10.4103/0019-5049.63652. [PubMed:20661350 ]
  6. Keyrouz SG, Diringer MN: Clinical review: Prevention and therapy of vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Crit Care. 2007;11(4):220. [PubMed:17705883 ]
General function:
Involved in ion channel activity
Specific function:
Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1C gives rise to L-type calcium currents. Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group. They are blocked by dihydropyridines (DHP), phenylalkylamines, benzothiazepines, and by omega-agatoxin-IIIA (omega-Aga-IIIA). They are however insensitive to omega-conotoxin- GVIA (omega-CTx-GVIA) and omega-agatoxin-IVA (omega-Aga-IVA). Calcium channels containing the alpha-1C subunit play an important role in excitation-contraction coupling in the heart. The various isoforms display marked differences in the sensitivity to DHP compounds. Binding of calmodulin or CABP1 at the same regulatory sites results in an opposit effects on the channel function
Gene Name:
CACNA1C
Uniprot ID:
Q13936
Molecular weight:
248974.1
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
  2. Marchetti C, Usai C: High affinity block by nimodipine of the internal calcium elevation in chronically depolarized rat cerebellar granule neurons. Neurosci Lett. 1996 Mar 29;207(2):77-80. [PubMed:8731425 ]
  3. Weant KA, Ramsey CN 3rd, Cook AM: Role of intraarterial therapy for cerebral vasospasm secondary to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Pharmacotherapy. 2010 Apr;30(4):405-17. doi: 10.1592/phco.30.4.405. [PubMed:20334460 ]
  4. Dong CJ, Guo Y, Agey P, Wheeler L, Hare WA: Nimodipine enhancement of alpha2 adrenergic modulation of NMDA receptor via a mechanism independent of Ca2+ channel blocking. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 Aug;51(8):4174-80. doi: 10.1167/iovs.09-4613. Epub 2010 Mar 24. [PubMed:20335610 ]
  5. Kim JH, Park IS, Park KB, Kang DH, Hwang SH: Intraarterial nimodipine infusion to treat symptomatic cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2009 Sep;46(3):239-44. doi: 10.3340/jkns.2009.46.3.239. Epub 2009 Sep 30. [PubMed:19844625 ]
  6. Kumar R, Mehra R, Ray SB: L-type calcium channel blockers, morphine and pain: Newer insights. Indian J Anaesth. 2010 Mar;54(2):127-31. doi: 10.4103/0019-5049.63652. [PubMed:20661350 ]
  7. Keyrouz SG, Diringer MN: Clinical review: Prevention and therapy of vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Crit Care. 2007;11(4):220. [PubMed:17705883 ]
General function:
Involved in sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
Specific function:
Receptor for both mineralocorticoids (MC) such as aldosterone and glucocorticoids (GC) such as corticosterone or cortisol. Binds to mineralocorticoid response elements (MRE) and transactivates target genes. The effect of MC is to increase ion and water transport and thus raise extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure and lower potassium levels
Gene Name:
NR3C2
Uniprot ID:
P08235
Molecular weight:
107066.6
References
  1. Dietz JD, Du S, Bolten CW, Payne MA, Xia C, Blinn JR, Funder JW, Hu X: A number of marketed dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers have mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist activity. Hypertension. 2008 Mar;51(3):742-8. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.103580. Epub 2008 Feb 4. [PubMed:18250364 ]
General function:
Involved in ion channel activity
Specific function:
Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1F gives rise to L-type calcium currents. Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group. They are blocked by dihydropyridines (DHP), phenylalkylamines, benzothiazepines, and by omega-agatoxin-IIIA (omega-Aga-IIIA). They are however insensitive to omega-conotoxin- GVIA (omega-CTx-GVIA) and omega-agatoxin-IVA (omega-Aga-IVA)
Gene Name:
CACNA1F
Uniprot ID:
O60840
Molecular weight:
220675.9
References
  1. Weant KA, Ramsey CN 3rd, Cook AM: Role of intraarterial therapy for cerebral vasospasm secondary to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Pharmacotherapy. 2010 Apr;30(4):405-17. doi: 10.1592/phco.30.4.405. [PubMed:20334460 ]
  2. Dong CJ, Guo Y, Agey P, Wheeler L, Hare WA: Nimodipine enhancement of alpha2 adrenergic modulation of NMDA receptor via a mechanism independent of Ca2+ channel blocking. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 Aug;51(8):4174-80. doi: 10.1167/iovs.09-4613. Epub 2010 Mar 24. [PubMed:20335610 ]
  3. Kim JH, Park IS, Park KB, Kang DH, Hwang SH: Intraarterial nimodipine infusion to treat symptomatic cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2009 Sep;46(3):239-44. doi: 10.3340/jkns.2009.46.3.239. Epub 2009 Sep 30. [PubMed:19844625 ]
  4. Kumar R, Mehra R, Ray SB: L-type calcium channel blockers, morphine and pain: Newer insights. Indian J Anaesth. 2010 Mar;54(2):127-31. doi: 10.4103/0019-5049.63652. [PubMed:20661350 ]
General function:
Involved in ion channel activity
Specific function:
Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1S gives rise to L-type calcium currents. Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group. They are blocked by dihydropyridines (DHP), phenylalkylamines, benzothiazepines, and by omega-agatoxin-IIIA (omega-Aga-IIIA). They are however insensitive to omega-conotoxin- GVIA (omega-CTx-GVIA) and omega-agatoxin-IVA (omega-Aga-IVA). Calcium channels containing the alpha-1S subunit play an important role in excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle
Gene Name:
CACNA1S
Uniprot ID:
Q13698
Molecular weight:
212348.1
References
  1. Peterson BZ, Catterall WA: Allosteric interactions required for high-affinity binding of dihydropyridine antagonists to Ca(V)1.1 Channels are modulated by calcium in the pore. Mol Pharmacol. 2006 Aug;70(2):667-75. Epub 2006 May 4. [PubMed:16675661 ]
  2. Weant KA, Ramsey CN 3rd, Cook AM: Role of intraarterial therapy for cerebral vasospasm secondary to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Pharmacotherapy. 2010 Apr;30(4):405-17. doi: 10.1592/phco.30.4.405. [PubMed:20334460 ]
  3. Dong CJ, Guo Y, Agey P, Wheeler L, Hare WA: Nimodipine enhancement of alpha2 adrenergic modulation of NMDA receptor via a mechanism independent of Ca2+ channel blocking. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 Aug;51(8):4174-80. doi: 10.1167/iovs.09-4613. Epub 2010 Mar 24. [PubMed:20335610 ]
  4. Kim JH, Park IS, Park KB, Kang DH, Hwang SH: Intraarterial nimodipine infusion to treat symptomatic cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2009 Sep;46(3):239-44. doi: 10.3340/jkns.2009.46.3.239. Epub 2009 Sep 30. [PubMed:19844625 ]
  5. Kumar R, Mehra R, Ray SB: L-type calcium channel blockers, morphine and pain: Newer insights. Indian J Anaesth. 2010 Mar;54(2):127-31. doi: 10.4103/0019-5049.63652. [PubMed:20661350 ]
  6. Keyrouz SG, Diringer MN: Clinical review: Prevention and therapy of vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Crit Care. 2007;11(4):220. [PubMed:17705883 ]
General function:
Involved in voltage-gated calcium channel activity
Specific function:
The beta subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels contributes to the function of the calcium channel by increasing peak calcium current, shifting the voltage dependencies of activation and inactivation, modulating G protein inhibition and controlling the alpha-1 subunit membrane targeting
Gene Name:
CACNB1
Uniprot ID:
Q02641
Molecular weight:
65713.0
References
  1. Weant KA, Ramsey CN 3rd, Cook AM: Role of intraarterial therapy for cerebral vasospasm secondary to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Pharmacotherapy. 2010 Apr;30(4):405-17. doi: 10.1592/phco.30.4.405. [PubMed:20334460 ]
  2. Dong CJ, Guo Y, Agey P, Wheeler L, Hare WA: Nimodipine enhancement of alpha2 adrenergic modulation of NMDA receptor via a mechanism independent of Ca2+ channel blocking. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 Aug;51(8):4174-80. doi: 10.1167/iovs.09-4613. Epub 2010 Mar 24. [PubMed:20335610 ]
  3. Kim JH, Park IS, Park KB, Kang DH, Hwang SH: Intraarterial nimodipine infusion to treat symptomatic cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2009 Sep;46(3):239-44. doi: 10.3340/jkns.2009.46.3.239. Epub 2009 Sep 30. [PubMed:19844625 ]
  4. Kumar R, Mehra R, Ray SB: L-type calcium channel blockers, morphine and pain: Newer insights. Indian J Anaesth. 2010 Mar;54(2):127-31. doi: 10.4103/0019-5049.63652. [PubMed:20661350 ]
  5. Keyrouz SG, Diringer MN: Clinical review: Prevention and therapy of vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Crit Care. 2007;11(4):220. [PubMed:17705883 ]
General function:
Involved in voltage-gated calcium channel activity
Specific function:
The beta subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels contributes to the function of the calcium channel by increasing peak calcium current, shifting the voltage dependencies of activation and inactivation, modulating G protein inhibition and controlling the alpha-1 subunit membrane targeting
Gene Name:
CACNB2
Uniprot ID:
Q08289
Molecular weight:
73579.9
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
  2. Weant KA, Ramsey CN 3rd, Cook AM: Role of intraarterial therapy for cerebral vasospasm secondary to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Pharmacotherapy. 2010 Apr;30(4):405-17. doi: 10.1592/phco.30.4.405. [PubMed:20334460 ]
  3. Kim JH, Park IS, Park KB, Kang DH, Hwang SH: Intraarterial nimodipine infusion to treat symptomatic cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2009 Sep;46(3):239-44. doi: 10.3340/jkns.2009.46.3.239. Epub 2009 Sep 30. [PubMed:19844625 ]
  4. Kumar R, Mehra R, Ray SB: L-type calcium channel blockers, morphine and pain: Newer insights. Indian J Anaesth. 2010 Mar;54(2):127-31. doi: 10.4103/0019-5049.63652. [PubMed:20661350 ]
  5. Keyrouz SG, Diringer MN: Clinical review: Prevention and therapy of vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Crit Care. 2007;11(4):220. [PubMed:17705883 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 12 proteins in total.