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Identification Taxonomy Ontology Physical properties Spectra Biological properties Concentrations Links References enzymes (15)transporters (2) Show 17 proteins XML

enzymes (15)transporters (2) Show 17 proteins

Record Information

Version

5.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC

Update Date

2025-05-29 19:33:02 UTC

HMDB ID

HMDB0000158

Secondary Accession Numbers

HMDB0000647
HMDB00158
HMDB00647

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

L-Tyrosine

Description

Tyrosine (Tyr) or L-tyrosine is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-tyrosine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Tyrosine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as a non-polar, uncharged (at physiological pH) aromatic amino acid. Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid, meaning the body can synthesize it - usually from phenylalanine. The conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine is catalyzed by the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, a monooxygenase. This enzyme catalyzes the reaction causing the addition of a hydroxyl group to the end of the 6-carbon aromatic ring of phenylalanine, such that it becomes tyrosine. Tyrosine is found in many high-protein food products such as chicken, turkey, fish, milk, yogurt, cottage cheese, cheese, peanuts, almonds, pumpkin seeds, sesame seeds, soy products, lima beans, avocados and bananas. Tyrosine is one of the few amino acids that readily passes the blood-brain barrier. Once in the brain, it is a precursor for the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine, better known as adrenalin. These neurotransmitters are an important part of the body's sympathetic nervous system, and their concentrations in the body and brain are directly dependent upon dietary tyrosine. Tyrosine is not found in large concentrations throughout the body, probably because it is rapidly metabolized. Folic acid, copper and vitamin C are cofactor nutrients of these reactions. Tyrosine is also the precursor for hormones, including thyroid hormones (diiodotyrosine), catecholestrogens and the major human pigment, melanin. Tyrosine is an important amino acid in many proteins, peptides and even enkephalins, the body's natural pain reliever. Valine and other branched amino acids, and possibly tryptophan and phenylalanine may reduce tyrosine absorption. A number of genetic errors of tyrosine metabolism have been identified, such as hawkinsinuria and tyrosinemia I. The most common feature of these diseases is the increased amount of tyrosine in the blood, which is marked by decreased motor activity, lethargy and poor feeding. Infection and intellectual deficits may occur. Vitamin C supplements can help reverse these disease symptoms. High tyrosine concentrations have also been detected in septic patients (PMID: 99098 ; PMID: 27501420 ). This may reflect the breakdown of muscle tissues (leading to amino acid release) and the body’s differential metabolic capacity for different amino acids. Muscle tissue is easily able to oxidize branched chain amino acids to support its own energy requirements. Muscles are also able to metabolize alanine, glycine, proline, aspartate, glutamate, histidine, glutamine and serine for gluconeogenesis, but aromatic amino acids such as phenylalanine and tyrosine as well as many cysteine-containing amino acids are not as easily metabolized. This may account for the increase in the levels of tyrosine seen during sepsis (PMID: 99098 ). Independent of the occurrence of infection or injury, some adults can develop elevated tyrosine levels in their blood. This typically indicates a need for more vitamin C. More tyrosine is needed under stress, and tyrosine supplements prevent the stress-induced depletion of norepinephrine and can help alleviate biochemical depression. However, tyrosine may not be good for treating psychosis. Many antipsychotic medications apparently function by inhibiting tyrosine metabolism. L-Dopa, which is directly used in Parkinson's, is made from tyrosine. Tyrosine, the nutrient, can be used as an adjunct in the treatment of Parkinson's. Peripheral metabolism of tyrosine necessitates large doses of tyrosine, however, compared to L-Dopa (http://www.dcnutrition.com). In addition to its role as a precursor for neurotransmitters, tyrosine plays an important role for the function of many proteins. Within many proteins or enzymes, certain tyrosine residues can be tagged (at the hydroxyl group) with a phosphate group (phosphorylated) by specialized protein kinases. In its phosphorylated form, tyrosine is called phosphotyrosine. Tyrosine phosphorylation is considered to be one of the key steps in signal transduction and regulation of enzymatic activity. Tyrosine (or its precursor phenylalanine) is also needed to synthesize the benzoquinone structure which forms part of coenzyme Q10.

Structure

MOL 3D MOL SDF 3D SDF PDB 3D PDB SMILES InChI

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 27-SEP-20   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   27-SEP-20         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0    8667.2958667.436   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0    8668.6298666.666   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0    8669.9608667.436   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  O   UNK     0    8671.2908666.666   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    5  O   UNK     0    8669.9608668.974   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    6  N   UNK     0    8668.6298665.130   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+0
HETATM    7  O   UNK     0    8661.9688664.359   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    8  C   UNK     0    8665.9668666.668   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    9  C   UNK     0    8664.6328667.438   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   10  C   UNK     0    8663.2988666.668   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   11  C   UNK     0    8663.2988665.128   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   12  C   UNK     0    8664.6328664.358   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   13  C   UNK     0    8665.9668665.128   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
CONECT    1    2    8                                                       
CONECT    2    1    3    6                                                  
CONECT    3    2    4    5                                                  
CONECT    4    3                                                            
CONECT    5    3                                                            
CONECT    6    2                                                            
CONECT    7   11                                                            
CONECT    8    9   13    1                                                  
CONECT    9    8   10                                                       
CONECT   10    9   11                                                       
CONECT   11   10   12    7                                                  
CONECT   12   11   13                                                       
CONECT   13   12    8                                                       
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   13    0   26    0
END

View in JSmol View NMR Assignments View Stereo Labels

Synonyms

Value	Source
(-)-alpha-Amino-p-hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid	ChEBI
(2S)-2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid	ChEBI
(S)-(-)-Tyrosine	ChEBI
(S)-2-Amino-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid	ChEBI
(S)-3-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)alanine	ChEBI
(S)-alpha-Amino-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid	ChEBI
(S)-Tyrosine	ChEBI
4-Hydroxy-L-phenylalanine	ChEBI
L-Tyrosin	ChEBI
Tyr	ChEBI
TYROSINE	ChEBI
Y	ChEBI
(-)-a-Amino-p-hydroxyhydrocinnamate	Generator
(-)-a-Amino-p-hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid	Generator
(-)-alpha-Amino-p-hydroxyhydrocinnamate	Generator
(-)-Α-amino-p-hydroxyhydrocinnamate	Generator
(-)-Α-amino-p-hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid	Generator
(2S)-2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate	Generator
(S)-2-Amino-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionate	Generator
(S)-a-Amino-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoate	Generator
(S)-a-Amino-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid	Generator
(S)-alpha-Amino-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoate	Generator
(S)-Α-amino-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoate	Generator
(S)-Α-amino-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid	Generator
(S)-a-Amino-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoate	HMDB
(S)-a-Amino-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid	HMDB
(S)-alpha-Amino-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoate	HMDB
(S)-alpha-Amino-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid	HMDB
2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphen yl)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propanoate	HMDB
2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphen yl)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid	HMDB
3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine	HMDB
Benzenepropanoate	HMDB
Benzenepropanoic acid	HMDB
L-p-Tyrosine	HMDB
p-Tyrosine	HMDB
L Tyrosine	HMDB
Tyrosine, L-isomer	HMDB
Tyrosine, L isomer	HMDB
Para tyrosine	HMDB
Para-tyrosine	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₉H₁₁NO₃

Average Molecular Weight

181.1885

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

181.073893223

IUPAC Name

(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

Traditional Name

L-tyrosine

CAS Registry Number

60-18-4

SMILES

N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C9H11NO3/c10-8(9(12)13)5-6-1-3-7(11)4-2-6/h1-4,8,11H,5,10H2,(H,12,13)/t8-/m0/s1

InChI Key

OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tyrosine and derivatives. Tyrosine and derivatives are compounds containing tyrosine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of tyrosine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Amino acids, peptides, and analogues

Direct Parent

Tyrosine and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Tyrosine or derivatives
Phenylalanine or derivatives
3-phenylpropanoic-acid
Alpha-amino acid
Amphetamine or derivatives
L-alpha-amino acid
1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
Phenol
Aralkylamine
Monocyclic benzene moiety
Benzenoid
Amino acid
Carboxylic acid
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Organic oxide
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Amine
Primary aliphatic amine
Organic nitrogen compound
Carbonyl group
Organopnictogen compound
Organic oxygen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Primary amine
Aromatic homomonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

proteinogenic amino acid (CHEBI:17895 )
L-alpha-amino acid (CHEBI:17895 )
tyrosine (CHEBI:17895 )
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid (CHEBI:17895 )
Common amino acids (C00082 )

Ontology

Not Available

Not Available

Not Available

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Molecular Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	343 °C	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available	Not Available
Water Solubility	0.48 mg/mL	Not Available
LogP	-2.26	HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)

Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct Type	Data Source	CCS Value (Å²)	Reference
[M-H]-	Baker	145.75	30932474
[M-H]-	McLean	145.992	30932474
[M-H]-	MetCCS_test_neg	141.6	30932474
[M+H]+	Astarita_pos	139.7	30932474
[M+H]+	Baker	146.42	30932474
[M+H]+	McLean	146.55	30932474
[M+H]+	MetCCS_test_pos	145.735	30932474
[M-H]-	Not Available	143.7	http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000076
[M+H]+	Not Available	145.85	http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000076

Predicted Molecular Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	7.67 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-2.4	ALOGPS
logP	-1.5	ChemAxon
logS	-1.4	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	2	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	9.19	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	4	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	3	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	83.55 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	3	ChemAxon
Refractivity	47.1 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	18.01 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	1	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

Predictor	Adduct Type	CCS Value (Å²)	Reference
DarkChem	[M+H]+	141.752	31661259
DarkChem	[M-H]-	139.489	31661259
AllCCS	[M+H]+	140.497	32859911
AllCCS	[M-H]-	138.727	32859911
DeepCCS	[M+H]+	138.935	30932474
DeepCCS	[M+H]+	135.302	30932474
DeepCCS	[M-H]-	136.54	30932474
DeepCCS	[M-H]-	131.473	30932474
DeepCCS	[M-2H]-	171.853	30932474
DeepCCS	[M+Na]+	146.568	30932474
DeepCCS	[M-2H]-	168.828	30932474
DeepCCS	[M+Na]+	144.367	30932474
AllCCS	[M+H]+	140.5	32859911
AllCCS	[M+H-H2O]+	136.3	32859911
AllCCS	[M+NH4]+	144.4	32859911
AllCCS	[M+Na]+	145.5	32859911
AllCCS	[M-H]-	138.7	32859911
AllCCS	[M+Na-2H]-	139.6	32859911
AllCCS	[M+HCOO]-	140.6	32859911

Predicted Retention Times

Underivatized

Chromatographic Method	Retention Time	Reference
Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022.	1.62 minutes	32390414
Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022	9.4301 minutes	33406817
Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022	7.78 minutes	32390414
AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid	334.1 seconds	40023050
Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid	491.3 seconds	40023050
Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid	276.6 seconds	40023050
Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid	77.1 seconds	40023050
Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid	165.3 seconds	40023050
RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid	62.5 seconds	40023050
Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid	269.6 seconds	40023050
BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid	245.9 seconds	40023050
HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate)	786.7 seconds	40023050
UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid	626.4 seconds	40023050
BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid	102.5 seconds	40023050
UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid	688.0 seconds	40023050
SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid	161.2 seconds	40023050
RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid	194.1 seconds	40023050
MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate	582.4 seconds	40023050
KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA	446.8 seconds	40023050
Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water	310.5 seconds	40023050

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

Metabolite	SMILES	Kovats RI Value	Column Type	Reference
L-Tyrosine	N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O	3194.4	Standard polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine	N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O	1897.1	Standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine	N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O	2076.2	Semi standard non polar	33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / Structure	SMILES	Kovats RI Value	Column Type	Reference
L-Tyrosine,1TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C(C[C@H](N)C(=O)O)C=C1	1902.3	Semi standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,1TMS,isomer #2	C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1	1913.3	Semi standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,1TMS,isomer #3	C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)O	1994.1	Semi standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,2TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C1	1880.7	Semi standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,2TMS,isomer #2	C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C1)C(=O)O	1957.7	Semi standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,2TMS,isomer #3	C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C	1961.5	Semi standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,2TMS,isomer #4	C[Si](C)(C)N([C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C	2154.9	Semi standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,3TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C	1931.2	Semi standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,3TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C	1957.0	Standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,3TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C	2113.8	Standard polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,3TMS,isomer #2	C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C(C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C1	2120.2	Semi standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,3TMS,isomer #2	C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C(C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C1	2016.5	Standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,3TMS,isomer #2	C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C(C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C1	2235.0	Standard polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,3TMS,isomer #3	C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C	2093.2	Semi standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,3TMS,isomer #3	C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C	2107.1	Standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,3TMS,isomer #3	C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C	2231.2	Standard polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,4TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C1)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C	2149.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,4TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C1)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C	2067.2	Standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,4TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C1)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C	2062.0	Standard polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,1TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C(C[C@H](N)C(=O)O)C=C1	2161.7	Semi standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,1TBDMS,isomer #2	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1	2152.1	Semi standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,1TBDMS,isomer #3	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)O	2221.2	Semi standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,2TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C1	2398.0	Semi standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,2TBDMS,isomer #2	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C1)C(=O)O	2489.8	Semi standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,2TBDMS,isomer #3	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2399.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,2TBDMS,isomer #4	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N([C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2554.8	Semi standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,3TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2658.8	Semi standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,3TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2577.0	Standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,3TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2488.8	Standard polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,3TBDMS,isomer #2	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C(C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C1	2858.8	Semi standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,3TBDMS,isomer #2	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C(C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C1	2627.1	Standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,3TBDMS,isomer #2	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C(C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C1	2538.5	Standard polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,3TBDMS,isomer #3	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2747.5	Semi standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,3TBDMS,isomer #3	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2706.4	Standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,3TBDMS,isomer #3	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2523.4	Standard polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,4TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C1)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	3059.3	Semi standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,4TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C1)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2824.6	Standard non polar	33892256
L-Tyrosine,4TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C1)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2499.2	Standard polar	33892256

Spectra

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular
Mitochondria

Biospecimen Locations

Blood
Breast Milk
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Feces
Saliva
Sweat
Urine

Tissue Locations

All Tissues
Placenta
Prostate

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/PathBank	KEGG
Tyrosine metabolism	Not Available
Transcription/Translation	SMP00019	Not Available
Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism
Tyrosine metabolism	Not Available
Aromatic L-Aminoacid Decarboxylase Deficiency		Not Available

Normal Concentrations

Biospecimen	Status	Value	Age	Sex	Condition	Reference	Details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	59.0 (47.0-71.0) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	12297216	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	120.0 +/- 100.0 uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Not Specified	Normal	Geigy Scientific ...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	68.0 +/- 10.0 uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Male	Normal	Geigy Scientific ...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	72.0 +/- 15.0 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	Geigy Scientific ...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	61.0 +/- 13.0 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	Geigy Scientific ...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	142.0 +/- 4.0 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	16789974	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	54.5 +/- 9.7 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	21359215	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	143 +/- 35.3 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	21359215	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	32-124 uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	BC Children's Hos...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	29-135 uM	Infant (1 - 3 months old)	Both	Normal	BC Children's Hos...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	24-105 uM	Children (3 months - 6 years old)	Both	Normal	BC Children's Hos...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	43-88 uM	Children (6 - 18 years old)	Both	Normal	BC Children's Hos...	details
Blood	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	19678709	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	65.1 +/- 2.55 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	25004141	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	62.9 +/- 12.2 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	28278231	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	35.0-80.0 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	The Metabolo...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	55 - 147 uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	26226126	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	55-147 uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Not Specified	Normal	20549362	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	46 +/- 8 uM	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Both	Normal	Geigy Scientific ...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	61 +/- 13 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	Geigy Scientific ...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	72 +/- 15 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	Geigy Scientific ...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	60.8(48.3-71.9) uM	Children (1-13 uears old)	Both	Normal	27294788	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	84.2 (67.5-109) uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Not Available	Normal	25754623	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	81.9 (69.8-94) uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Not Available	Normal	25754623	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	34-94 uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Not Specified	Normal	11281457	details
Blood	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	32966057	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	66.49 ± 7.87 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Quantitative comp...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	93.04 ± 21.72 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Quantitative comp...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	85.11 ± 30.2 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Quantitative comp...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	73.31 ± 20.35 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Quantitative comp...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	82.41 ± 28.24 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Quantitative comp...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	77.13 ± 27.07 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Quantitative comp...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	72.67 ± 16.68 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Quantitative comp...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	88.24 ± 23.04 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Quantitative comp...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	70.02 ± 26.53 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Quantitative comp...	details
Breast Milk	Detected and Quantified	15.0 +/- 6.6 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	24027187	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	6.4 +/- 1.5 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Geigy Scientific ...	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	10.1 (6.37-13.8) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	12834252	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	24.5 +/- 8.9 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	15911239	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	9.3 +/- 2.0 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	6198473	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	7.9 +/- 3.0 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	6198473	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	12.0 +/- 9.0 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	18502700	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	8.0 +/- 1.0 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	7595563	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	12.2 +/- 3.8 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	22546835	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	3.9-18.5 uM	Children (0 - 10 years old)	Both	Normal	BC Children's Hos...	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	3.9-17 uM	Adolescent (>11 years old)	Both	Normal	BC Children's Hos...	details
Feces	Detected and Quantified	114.246 +/- 94.322 nmol/g wet feces	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	19573517	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	18052033	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	18085514	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	19573517	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	20669995	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	21761941	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	22411374	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	24029555	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	24375085	details
Feces	Detected and Quantified	478.323 (294.353-662.294) nmol/g wet feces	Infant (0-1 year old)	Not Specified	Normal	22435727	details
Feces	Detected and Quantified	1048.632 (588.706-1508.558) nmol/g wet feces	Infant (0-1 year old)	Not Specified	Normal	22435727	details
Feces	Detected and Quantified	1453.367 (607.103-2299.631) nmol/g wet feces	Infant (0-1 year old)	Not Specified	Normal	22435727	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	25670064	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	19636438	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Normal	19636438	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	26709303	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Both	Normal	25486321	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	17269711	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Normal	24130822	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	25598765	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	27065191	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Children (6 - 18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	27609529	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	Christopher ...	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	27543620	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	25037050	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	25985090	details
Feces	Detected and Quantified	700 +/- 420 nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	27624970	details
Feces	Detected and Quantified	110 +/- 100 nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	27624970	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	29808030	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	>10 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	12097436	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	1-127 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	normal	19259987	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	1-68 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	normal	19259987	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	39.85 +/- 24.71 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Zerihun T. Dame, ...	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	20300169	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	22727327	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	22308371	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	22308371	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	22308371	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	22308371	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	22308371	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	22308371	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	22308371	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	22308371	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	22308371	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	22308371	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	13.7 +/- 3.6 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	21164041	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	12.0 +/- 5.8 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	21164041	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	11.8 +/- 6.2 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	21164041	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	12.2 +/- 3.8 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	21164041	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	5 (<1-78) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	19259987	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	1-77 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	19259987	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	30 (<1-91) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	19259987	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	12 (<1-49) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	19259987	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	36.17 +/- 15.02 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	23857558	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	11.1 +/- 7.65 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	Sugimoto et al. (...	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	15.1 +/- 10.3 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	Sugimoto et al. (...	details
Sweat	Detected and Quantified	70-270 uM	Adult (60 years old)	Male	Normal	22194922	details
Sweat	Detected and Quantified	40 uM	Adult (40 years old)	Male	Normal	22194922	details
Sweat	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult	Both	Normal	26755145	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	27.35 +/- 13.98 umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	2026685	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	10.9 (2.566-19.1) umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Not Available	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.72 (0.18-1.38) umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	Geigy Scientific ... West Cadwell, N.J... Basel, Switzerlan...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	4.2 +/- 1.85 umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Male	Normal	Geigy Scientific ... West Cadwell, N.J... Basel, Switzerlan...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	8.8 +/- 4.5 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	Geigy Scientific ... West Cadwell, N.J... Basel, Switzerlan...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	7.0 +/- 3.0 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	Geigy Scientific ... West Cadwell, N.J... Basel, Switzerlan...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	21.0 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	19309105	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	6.72 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	Shaykhutdinov RA,...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	5.52-38.66 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	David F. Putnam C...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	7.41 +/- 2.30 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	15992788	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	7.5 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	21388201	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	8.7 (3.0-20.1) umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	24023812	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	15.1 (6.1-23.2) umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	24023812	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	9.5 (4.1-23.5) umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	24023812	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	24023812	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	16939360	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	16939360	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	24.3893 +/- 10.0806 umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	Analysis of 30 no...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	14.588 +/- 10.744 umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	Analysis of 30 no...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	6.22 - 67.72 umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	BC Children's Hos...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	13.79 - 63.88 umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (1 - 6 months old)	Both	Normal	BC Children's Hos...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	12.55 - 66.48 umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (6 months - <1 year old)	Both	Normal	BC Children's Hos...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	15.04 - 59.02 umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 2 years old)	Both	Normal	BC Children's Hos...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	9.95 - 29.96 umol/mmol creatinine	Children (2 - 4 years old)	Both	Normal	BC Children's Hos...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	6.22 - 42.62 umol/mmol creatinine	Children (4 - 13 years old)	Both	Normal	BC Children's Hos...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	1.36 - 27.70 umol/mmol creatinine	Adolescent (13 - 21 years old)	Both	Normal	BC Children's Hos...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	1.36 - 27.70 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>21 years old)	Both	Normal	BC Children's Hos...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	4.3-9.2 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	27012787	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	6.1-11.1 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	27012787	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	19754154	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	15.0370-168.459 umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Not Specified	Normal	20549362	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	28157703	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	1.0 +/- 0.5 umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	3168222	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	1.9 +/- 0.7 umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (1 - 6 months old)	Both	Normal	3168222	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	2.7 +/- 0.8 umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (6 months - <1 year old)	Both	Normal	3168222	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	42.96 +/- 27.13 umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	19468821	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	66.71 +/- 47.49 umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	19468821	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	70.10 +/- 45.22 umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	19468821	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	6-57 umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	30830347	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	2.1-14.81 umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	32340350	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	5.82 +/- 3.26 umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Female	Normal	32340350	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	5.96 +/- 2.98 umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Male	Normal	32340350	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	4.42-77.47 umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Not Specified	Normal	Mayo Clinic	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	4.30-54.18 umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	Mayo Clinic	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	2.60-28.73 umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	Mayo Clinic	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	2.49-27.71 umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	Mayo Clinic	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	1.36-23.53 umol/mmol creatinine	Adolescent (13-18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	Mayo Clinic	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	1.70-13.0086 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	Mayo Clinic	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	32966057	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	5.03 (2.60-7.72) umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	Analysis of 40 NI...	details

Abnormal Concentrations

Biospecimen	Status	Value	Age	Sex	Condition	Reference	Details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	45.63 (19.15) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	24704061	details
Blood	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal cancer	19678709	details
Blood	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Oesophageal cancer	22291914	details
Blood	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal cancer	25105552	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	57.2 +/- 3.33 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Schizophrenia	25004141	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	54.1 (15.3) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Early preeclampsia	22494326	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	58.0 (22.3) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	22494326	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	65.1 (23.7) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Late-onset preeclampsia	23159745	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	62.3 (21.7) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	23159745	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	50.5 (15.4) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Down syndrome pregnancy	23313728	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	54.1 (20.7) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	23313728	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	56.9 +/- 15.2 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy with fetuses with trisomy 18	23535240	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	55.82 +/- 19.6 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	23535240	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	42.94 (11.38) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy with fetus having congenital heart defect	24704061	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	50.7 (46.8-54.6) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Epilepsy	14992292	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	257 uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Fumaric aciduria	20549362	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	1471.948 uM	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Male	Hereditary tyrosinemia	15168722	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	>220 uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Tyrosinemia I	25443793	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	108-146 uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Female	S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency	2380820	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	310-1410 uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Tyrosinemia I	12872835	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	395.1 - 586.7 uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Not Available	Hawkinsinuria	26226126	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	48-95 uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Female	S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency	2380820	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	61.1(52.0-72.9) uM	Children (1-13 uears old)	Both	Environmental enteric dysfunction	27294788	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	82.5 +/- 21.1 uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Obesity	Metabolomics reve...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	91.7 +/- 19.9 uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Obesity	Metabolomics reve...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	143-246 uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Citrullinemia type II, neonatal-onset	11281457	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	108(80-350) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Sepsis	26847922	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	74.0 (71.0-77.0) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Myocardial infarction	822705	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	81.0 (75.9-86.1) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Epilepsy	14992292	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	90.0 (81.0-99.0) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Viral Infection	822705	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	57.2 +/- 24.4 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Heart Transplant	21359215	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	143.77 +/- 15.49 uM	Elderly (>65 years old)	Both	Alzheimer's disease	17031479	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	73.0 +/- 20.0 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Schizophrenia	2480613	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	91.2 +/- 30.0 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Schizophrenia	2480613	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	9.4 +/- 4.9 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Epilepsy	1705463	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	27.18 +/- 4.8 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Alzheimer's disease	17031479	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	7.8 +/- 1.38 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Schizophrenia	7595563	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	15.3 +/- 4.9 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Hypothyroidism	9849813	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	15.3 +/- 4.9 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	hypothyroidism	9849813	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	12.6 +/- 3.3 uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Leukemia	15911239	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	13.0 +/- 4.1 uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Leukemia	15911239	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	8.05 +/- 3.03 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Epilepsy	1705463	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	12.3 +/- 9.3 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Epilepsy	1705463	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	13.0 +/- 10.6 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Epilepsy	1705463	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	14.2 +/-12.5 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Epilepsy	1705463	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	15.3 (10.4-20.2) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Hypothyroidism	9849813	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Children (6 - 18 years old)	Not Specified	Unclassified IBD	27609529	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome	Christopher ...	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal cancer	25037050	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal cancer	27015276	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Children (6 - 18 years old)	Not Specified	Ulcerative colitis	27609529	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	CCD	19636438	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Ileal Crohn's disease	19636438	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Irritable Bowel Syndrome	21494186	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Autism	24130822	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Crohns disease	25598765	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Ulcerative colitis	25598765	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal Cancer	27275383	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Children (6 - 18 years old)	Both	Crohns disease	27609529	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Children (6 - 18 years old)	Both	Ulcerative colitis	27609529	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Ulcerative colitis	21761941	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Children (6 - 18 years old)	Not Specified	Crohns disease	27609529	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Irritable bowel syndrome	21761941	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	25.82 +/- 9.25 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Frontotemporal lobe dementia	23857558	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	25.05 +/- 8.02 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Lewy body disease	23857558	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Periodontal Probing Depth	31026179	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Missing teeth	31026179	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	21.64 +/- 9.24 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Alzheimer's disease	23857558	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Periodontal diseases	20300169	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Pancreatic cancer	20300169	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Attachment loss	31026179	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Breast cancer	20300169	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Oral cancer	20300169	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Bladder cancer	28157703	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	10.72 +/- 4.63 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Cachexia	18953024	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	35.150-369 umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Not Specified	Fumaric aciduria	20549362	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	10.5 +/- 1.5 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Alzheimer's disease	17031479	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal cancer	25105552	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	16.005 +/- 10.562 umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Eosinophilic esophagitis	Analysis of 30 no...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	16.2462 +/- 14.3236 umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Gastroesophageal reflux disease	Analysis of 30 no...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	20.2606 +/- 11.9167 umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Eosinophilic esophagitis	Analysis of 30 no...	details

Associated Disorders and Diseases

Disease References

Colorectal cancer
Qiu Y, Cai G, Su M, Chen T, Zheng X, Xu Y, Ni Y, Zhao A, Xu LX, Cai S, Jia W: Serum metabolite profiling of human colorectal cancer using GC-TOFMS and UPLC-QTOFMS. J Proteome Res. 2009 Oct;8(10):4844-50. doi: 10.1021/pr9004162. [PubMed:19678709 ] Ni Y, Xie G, Jia W: Metabonomics of human colorectal cancer: new approaches for early diagnosis and biomarker discovery. J Proteome Res. 2014 Sep 5;13(9):3857-70. doi: 10.1021/pr500443c. Epub 2014 Aug 14. [PubMed:25105552 ] Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ] Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ] Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Sepsis
Ferrario M, Cambiaghi A, Brunelli L, Giordano S, Caironi P, Guatteri L, Raimondi F, Gattinoni L, Latini R, Masson S, Ristagno G, Pastorelli R: Mortality prediction in patients with severe septic shock: a pilot study using a target metabolomics approach. Sci Rep. 2016 Feb 5;6:20391. doi: 10.1038/srep20391. [PubMed:26847922 ]
Citrullinemia type II, neonatal-onset
Ohura T, Kobayashi K, Tazawa Y, Nishi I, Abukawa D, Sakamoto O, Iinuma K, Saheki T: Neonatal presentation of adult-onset type II citrullinemia. Hum Genet. 2001 Feb;108(2):87-90. [PubMed:11281457 ]
Obesity
Simone Wahl, Christina Holzapfel, Zhonghao Yu, Michaela Breier, Ivan Kondofersky, Christiane Fuchs, Paula Singmann, Cornelia Prehn, Jerzy Adamski, Harald Grallert, Thomas Illig, Rui Wang-Sattler, Thomas Reinehr (2013). Metabolomics reveals determinants of weight loss during lifestyle intervention in obese children. Metabolomics.
Hawkinsinuria
Thodi G, Schulpis KH, Dotsikas Y, Pavlides C, Molou E, Chatzidaki M, Triantafylli O, Loukas YL: Hawkinsinuria in two unrelated Greek newborns: identification of a novel variant, biochemical findings and treatment. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Jan;29(1):15-20. doi: 10.1515/jpem-2015-0132. [PubMed:26226126 ]
Hypermethioninemia
Labrune P, Perignon JL, Rault M, Brunet C, Lutun H, Charpentier C, Saudubray JM, Odievre M: Familial hypermethioninemia partially responsive to dietary restriction. J Pediatr. 1990 Aug;117(2 Pt 1):220-6. [PubMed:2380820 ]
Tyrosinemia I
Nakamura K, Matsumoto S, Mitsubuchi H, Endo F: Diagnosis and treatment of hereditary tyrosinemia in Japan. Pediatr Int. 2015;57(1):37-40. doi: 10.1111/ped.12550. [PubMed:25443793 ] Gissen P, Preece MA, Willshaw HA, McKiernan PJ: Ophthalmic follow-up of patients with tyrosinaemia type I on NTBC. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2003;26(1):13-6. [PubMed:12872835 ]
Tyrosinemia
Swarna M, Jyothy A, Usha Rani P, Reddy PP: Amino acid disorders in mental retardation: a two-decade study from Andhra Pradesh. Biochem Genet. 2004 Apr;42(3-4):85-98. [PubMed:15168722 ]
Fumarase deficiency
Allegri G, Fernandes MJ, Scalco FB, Correia P, Simoni RE, Llerena JC Jr, de Oliveira ML: Fumaric aciduria: an overview and the first Brazilian case report. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2010 Aug;33(4):411-9. doi: 10.1007/s10545-010-9134-2. Epub 2010 Jun 15. [PubMed:20549362 ]
Late-onset preeclampsia
Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: First-trimester metabolomic detection of late-onset preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jan;208(1):58.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.11.003. Epub 2012 Nov 13. [PubMed:23159745 ]
Pregnancy
Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomics and first-trimester prediction of early-onset preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Oct;25(10):1840-7. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2012.680254. Epub 2012 Apr 28. [PubMed:22494326 ] Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: First-trimester metabolomic detection of late-onset preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jan;208(1):58.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.11.003. Epub 2012 Nov 13. [PubMed:23159745 ] Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomic analysis for first-trimester Down syndrome prediction. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 May;208(5):371.e1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.12.035. Epub 2013 Jan 8. [PubMed:23313728 ] Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Chelliah A, Mandal R, Dong E, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomic analysis for first-trimester trisomy 18 detection. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jul;209(1):65.e1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.03.028. Epub 2013 Mar 25. [PubMed:23535240 ] Bahado-Singh RO, Ertl R, Mandal R, Bjorndahl TC, Syngelaki A, Han B, Dong E, Liu PB, Alpay-Savasan Z, Wishart DS, Nicolaides KH: Metabolomic prediction of fetal congenital heart defect in the first trimester. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Sep;211(3):240.e1-240.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.03.056. Epub 2014 Apr 1. [PubMed:24704061 ]
Early preeclampsia
Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomics and first-trimester prediction of early-onset preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Oct;25(10):1840-7. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2012.680254. Epub 2012 Apr 28. [PubMed:22494326 ]
Epilepsy
Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24. [PubMed:14992292 ] Botez MI, Young SN: Effects of anticonvulsant treatment and low levels of folate and thiamine on amine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid. Brain. 1991 Feb;114 ( Pt 1A):333-48. [PubMed:1705463 ]
Myocardial infarction
Wannemacher RW Jr, Klainer AS, Dinterman RE, Beisel WR: The significance and mechanism of an increased serum phenylalanine-tyrosine ratio during infection. Am J Clin Nutr. 1976 Sep;29(9):997-1006. [PubMed:822705 ]
Viral infection
Wannemacher RW Jr, Klainer AS, Dinterman RE, Beisel WR: The significance and mechanism of an increased serum phenylalanine-tyrosine ratio during infection. Am J Clin Nutr. 1976 Sep;29(9):997-1006. [PubMed:822705 ]
Schizophrenia
Alfredsson G, Wiesel FA: Monoamine metabolites and amino acids in serum from schizophrenic patients before and during sulpiride treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1989;99(3):322-7. [PubMed:2480613 ] Do KQ, Lauer CJ, Schreiber W, Zollinger M, Gutteck-Amsler U, Cuenod M, Holsboer F: gamma-Glutamylglutamine and taurine concentrations are decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid of drug-naive patients with schizophrenic disorders. J Neurochem. 1995 Dec;65(6):2652-62. [PubMed:7595563 ] Fukushima T, Iizuka H, Yokota A, Suzuki T, Ohno C, Kono Y, Nishikiori M, Seki A, Ichiba H, Watanabe Y, Hongo S, Utsunomiya M, Nakatani M, Sadamoto K, Yoshio T: Quantitative analyses of schizophrenia-associated metabolites in serum: serum D-lactate levels are negatively correlated with gamma-glutamylcysteine in medicated schizophrenia patients. PLoS One. 2014 Jul 8;9(7):e101652. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101652. eCollection 2014. [PubMed:25004141 ]
Alzheimer's disease
Fonteh AN, Harrington RJ, Tsai A, Liao P, Harrington MG: Free amino acid and dipeptide changes in the body fluids from Alzheimer's disease subjects. Amino Acids. 2007 Feb;32(2):213-24. Epub 2006 Oct 10. [PubMed:17031479 ] Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6. [PubMed:23857558 ]
Hypothyroidism
Sjoberg S, Eriksson M, Nordin C: L-thyroxine treatment and neurotransmitter levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of hypothyroid patients: a pilot study. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998 Nov;139(5):493-7. [PubMed:9849813 ]
Leukemia
Peng CT, Wu KH, Lan SJ, Tsai JJ, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH: Amino acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2005 May;41(8):1158-63. Epub 2005 Apr 14. [PubMed:15911239 ]
Irritable bowel syndrome
Le Gall G, Noor SO, Ridgway K, Scovell L, Jamieson C, Johnson IT, Colquhoun IJ, Kemsley EK, Narbad A: Metabolomics of fecal extracts detects altered metabolic activity of gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. J Proteome Res. 2011 Sep 2;10(9):4208-18. doi: 10.1021/pr2003598. Epub 2011 Aug 8. [PubMed:21761941 ] Hong YS, Hong KS, Park MH, Ahn YT, Lee JH, Huh CS, Lee J, Kim IK, Hwang GS, Kim JS: Metabonomic understanding of probiotic effects in humans with irritable bowel syndrome. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2011 May-Jun;45(5):415-25. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e318207f76c. [PubMed:21494186 ]
Crohn's disease
Bjerrum JT, Wang Y, Hao F, Coskun M, Ludwig C, Gunther U, Nielsen OH: Metabonomics of human fecal extracts characterize ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and healthy individuals. Metabolomics. 2015;11:122-133. Epub 2014 Jun 1. [PubMed:25598765 ] Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
Autism
De Angelis M, Piccolo M, Vannini L, Siragusa S, De Giacomo A, Serrazzanetti DI, Cristofori F, Guerzoni ME, Gobbetti M, Francavilla R: Fecal microbiota and metabolome of children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 9;8(10):e76993. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076993. eCollection 2013. [PubMed:24130822 ]
Ulcerative colitis
Le Gall G, Noor SO, Ridgway K, Scovell L, Jamieson C, Johnson IT, Colquhoun IJ, Kemsley EK, Narbad A: Metabolomics of fecal extracts detects altered metabolic activity of gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. J Proteome Res. 2011 Sep 2;10(9):4208-18. doi: 10.1021/pr2003598. Epub 2011 Aug 8. [PubMed:21761941 ] Bjerrum JT, Wang Y, Hao F, Coskun M, Ludwig C, Gunther U, Nielsen OH: Metabonomics of human fecal extracts characterize ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and healthy individuals. Metabolomics. 2015;11:122-133. Epub 2014 Jun 1. [PubMed:25598765 ] Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
Periodontal disease
Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10. [PubMed:20300169 ]
Pancreatic cancer
Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10. [PubMed:20300169 ]
Perillyl alcohol administration for cancer treatment
Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10. [PubMed:20300169 ]
Frontotemporal dementia
Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6. [PubMed:23857558 ]
Attachment loss
Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Missing teeth
Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Periodontal Probing Depth
Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Lewy body disease
Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6. [PubMed:23857558 ]
Cachexia
Wishart DS, Knox C, Guo AC, Eisner R, Young N, Gautam B, Hau DD, Psychogios N, Dong E, Bouatra S, Mandal R, Sinelnikov I, Xia J, Jia L, Cruz JA, Lim E, Sobsey CA, Shrivastava S, Huang P, Liu P, Fang L, Peng J, Fradette R, Cheng D, Tzur D, Clements M, Lewis A, De Souza A, Zuniga A, Dawe M, Xiong Y, Clive D, Greiner R, Nazyrova A, Shaykhutdinov R, Li L, Vogel HJ, Forsythe I: HMDB: a knowledgebase for the human metabolome. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009 Jan;37(Database issue):D603-10. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkn810. Epub 2008 Oct 25. [PubMed:18953024 ]
Eosinophilic esophagitis
Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.

Associated OMIM IDs

181500 (Schizophrenia)
104300 (Alzheimer's disease)
114500 (Colorectal cancer)
606812 (Fumarase deficiency)
276700 (Tyrosinemia)
276700 (Tyrosinemia I)
613752 (Hypermethioninemia)
140350 (Hawkinsinuria)
601665 (Obesity)
605814 (Citrullinemia type II, neonatal-onset)
209850 (Autism)
266600 (Crohn's disease)
260350 (Pancreatic cancer)
170650 (Periodontal disease)
600274 (Frontotemporal dementia)
610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)

External Links

DrugBank ID

DB00135

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

KNApSAcK ID

Chemspider ID

KEGG Compound ID

BioCyc ID

BiGG ID

Wikipedia Link

METLIN ID

PubChem Compound

6057

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

17895

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

VMH ID

TYR_L

MarkerDB ID

MDB00000076

Good Scents ID

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Enei, Hitoshi; Matsui, Hiroshi; Yamashita, Koichi; Okumura, Shinji; Yamada, Hideaki. Microbiological synthesis of L-tyrosine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine. I. Distribution of tyrosine phenol lyase in microorganisms. Agricultural and Biological Chemist 1972, 36:11, 1861-1868, DOI: 10.1080/00021369.1972.10860505

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Download (PDF)

General References

Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762. [PubMed:19212411 ]
Silwood CJ, Lynch E, Claxson AW, Grootveld MC: 1H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic analysis of human saliva. J Dent Res. 2002 Jun;81(6):422-7. [PubMed:12097436 ]
Nicholson JK, O'Flynn MP, Sadler PJ, Macleod AF, Juul SM, Sonksen PH: Proton-nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies of serum, plasma and urine from fasting normal and diabetic subjects. Biochem J. 1984 Jan 15;217(2):365-75. [PubMed:6696735 ]
Engelborghs S, Marescau B, De Deyn PP: Amino acids and biogenic amines in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Res. 2003 Aug;28(8):1145-50. [PubMed:12834252 ]
Sjoberg S, Eriksson M, Nordin C: L-thyroxine treatment and neurotransmitter levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of hypothyroid patients: a pilot study. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998 Nov;139(5):493-7. [PubMed:9849813 ]
Eklundh T, Eriksson M, Sjoberg S, Nordin C: Monoamine precursors, transmitters and metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid: a prospective study in healthy male subjects. J Psychiatr Res. 1996 May-Jun;30(3):201-8. [PubMed:8884658 ]
Hagenfeldt L, Bjerkenstedt L, Edman G, Sedvall G, Wiesel FA: Amino acids in plasma and CSF and monoamine metabolites in CSF: interrelationship in healthy subjects. J Neurochem. 1984 Mar;42(3):833-7. [PubMed:6198473 ]
Peng CT, Wu KH, Lan SJ, Tsai JJ, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH: Amino acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2005 May;41(8):1158-63. Epub 2005 Apr 14. [PubMed:15911239 ]
Cynober LA: Plasma amino acid levels with a note on membrane transport: characteristics, regulation, and metabolic significance. Nutrition. 2002 Sep;18(9):761-6. [PubMed:12297216 ]
Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24. [PubMed:14992292 ]
Deng C, Shang C, Hu Y, Zhang X: Rapid diagnosis of phenylketonuria and other aminoacidemias by quantitative analysis of amino acids in neonatal blood spots by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2002 Jul 25;775(1):115-20. [PubMed:12101068 ]
Flamen P, Bernheim N, Deron P, Caveliers V, Chavatte K, Franken PR, Bossuyt A: Iodine-123 alpha-methyl-l-tyrosine single-photon emission tomography for the visualization of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Eur J Nucl Med. 1998 Feb;25(2):177-81. [PubMed:9473267 ]
Ishiwata K, Tsukada H, Kubota K, Nariai T, Harada N, Kawamura K, Kimura Y, Oda K, Iwata R, Ishii K: Preclinical and clinical evaluation of O-[11C]methyl-L-tyrosine for tumor imaging by positron emission tomography. Nucl Med Biol. 2005 Apr;32(3):253-62. [PubMed:15820760 ]
Wannemacher RW Jr, Klainer AS, Dinterman RE, Beisel WR: The significance and mechanism of an increased serum phenylalanine-tyrosine ratio during infection. Am J Clin Nutr. 1976 Sep;29(9):997-1006. [PubMed:822705 ]
Molnar GA, Wagner Z, Marko L, Ko Szegi T, Mohas M, Kocsis B, Matus Z, Wagner L, Tamasko M, Mazak I, Laczy B, Nagy J, Wittmann I: Urinary ortho-tyrosine excretion in diabetes mellitus and renal failure: evidence for hydroxyl radical production. Kidney Int. 2005 Nov;68(5):2281-7. [PubMed:16221230 ]
Molnar GA, Nemes V, Biro Z, Ludany A, Wagner Z, Wittmann I: Accumulation of the hydroxyl free radical markers meta-, ortho-tyrosine and DOPA in cataractous lenses is accompanied by a lower protein and phenylalanine content of the water-soluble phase. Free Radic Res. 2005 Dec;39(12):1359-66. [PubMed:16298866 ]
Hoffhines AJ, Damoc E, Bridges KG, Leary JA, Moore KL: Detection and purification of tyrosine-sulfated proteins using a novel anti-sulfotyrosine monoclonal antibody. J Biol Chem. 2006 Dec 8;281(49):37877-87. Epub 2006 Oct 17. [PubMed:17046811 ]
Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]
Freund HR, Ryan JA Jr, Fischer JE: Amino acid derangements in patients with sepsis: treatment with branched chain amino acid rich infusions. Ann Surg. 1978 Sep;188(3):423-30. doi: 10.1097/00000658-197809000-00017. [PubMed:99098 ]
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Knuplez E, Marsche G: An Updated Review of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Plasma Lysophosphatidylcholines in the Vascular System. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jun 24;21(12). pii: ijms21124501. doi: 10.3390/ijms21124501. [PubMed:32599910 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 17 proteins in total.

Show all enzymes and transporters

Enzymes

Enzyme Details

1. Tyrosinase

General function:: Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:: This is a copper-containing oxidase that functions in the formation of pigments such as melanins and other polyphenolic compounds. Catalyzes the rate-limiting conversions of tyrosine to DOPA, DOPA to DOPA-quinone and possibly 5,6-dihydroxyindole to indole-5,6 quinone.
Gene Name:: TYR
Uniprot ID:: P14679
Molecular weight:: 60392.69

Reactions

L-Tyrosine + Oxygen → Dopaquinone + Water	details
L-Tyrosine + Oxygen → DOPA + Water	details
DOPA + L-Tyrosine + Oxygen → Dopaquinone + DOPA + Water	details

Enzyme Details

2. Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase

General function:: Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:: Plays an important role in the physiology of adrenergic neurons.
Gene Name:: TH
Uniprot ID:: P07101
Molecular weight:: 55611.26

Reactions

L-Tyrosine + Tetrahydrobiopterin + Oxygen → DOPA + 4a-Hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin	details
Tetrahydrobiopterin + L-Tyrosine + Oxygen → DOPA + 4a-Carbinolamine tetrahydrobiopterin + Water	details

References

Olsovska J, Novotna J, Flieger M, Spizek J: Assay of tyrosine hydroxylase based on high-performance liquid chromatography separation and quantification of L-dopa and L-tyrosine. Biomed Chromatogr. 2007 Dec;21(12):1252-8. [PubMed:17604359 ]
Bodnar I, Hechtl D, Szekacs D, Olah M, Nagy GM: Effect of local (intracerebral and intracerebroventricular) administration of tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor on the neuroendocrine dopaminergic neurons and prolactin release. Ideggyogy Sz. 2007 Mar 30;60(3-4):177-81. [PubMed:17451064 ]
Rostrup M, Fossbakk A, Hauge A, Kleppe R, Gnaiger E, Haavik J: Oxygen dependence of tyrosine hydroxylase. Amino Acids. 2008 Apr;34(3):455-64. Epub 2007 May 23. [PubMed:17520326 ]
Richards AB, Scheel TA, Wang K, Henkemeyer M, Kromer LF: EphB1 null mice exhibit neuronal loss in substantia nigra pars reticulata and spontaneous locomotor hyperactivity. Eur J Neurosci. 2007 May;25(9):2619-28. [PubMed:17561836 ]
Ugriumov MV: [Brain neurons partly expressing monoaminergic phenotype: distribution, development, and functional significance]. Usp Fiziol Nauk. 2007 Apr-Jun;38(2):3-25. [PubMed:17578016 ]
Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]

Enzyme Details

3. Thyroid peroxidase

General function:: Involved in calcium ion binding
Specific function:: Iodination and coupling of the hormonogenic tyrosines in thyroglobulin to yield the thyroid hormones T(3) and T(4).
Gene Name:: TPO
Uniprot ID:: P07202
Molecular weight:: 102961.63

Reactions

I(-) + Iodotyrosine → Iodine + L-Tyrosine	details

Enzyme Details

4. Tyrosine aminotransferase

General function:: Involved in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase activity
Specific function:: Transaminase involved in tyrosine breakdown. Converts tyrosine to p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. Can catalyze the reverse reaction, using glutamic acid, with 2-oxoglutarate as cosubstrate (in vitro). Has much lower affinity and transaminase activity towards phenylalanine.
Gene Name:: TAT
Uniprot ID:: P17735
Molecular weight:: 50398.895

Reactions

L-Tyrosine + Oxoglutaric acid → 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid + Glutamic acid	details

References

Dong S, Kang S, Gu TL, Kardar S, Fu H, Lonial S, Khoury HJ, Khuri F, Chen J: 14-3-3 Integrates prosurvival signals mediated by the AKT and MAPK pathways in ZNF198-FGFR1-transformed hematopoietic cells. Blood. 2007 Jul 1;110(1):360-9. Epub 2007 Mar 27. [PubMed:17389761 ]

Enzyme Details

5. Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase

General function:: Involved in carboxy-lyase activity
Specific function:: Catalyzes the decarboxylation of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) to dopamine, L-5-hydroxytryptophan to serotonin and L-tryptophan to tryptamine.
Gene Name:: DDC
Uniprot ID:: P20711
Molecular weight:: 53893.755

Reactions

L-Tyrosine → Tyramine + Carbon dioxide	details

Enzyme Details

6. Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase

General function:: Involved in amino acid binding
Specific function:: Not Available
Gene Name:: PAH
Uniprot ID:: P00439
Molecular weight:: 51861.565

Reactions

Phenylalanine + Tetrahydrobiopterin + Oxygen → L-Tyrosine + 4a-Hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin	details
Tetrahydrobiopterin + Phenylalanine + Oxygen → 4a-Carbinolamine tetrahydrobiopterin + L-Tyrosine + Water	details

Enzyme Details

7. Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic

General function:: Involved in transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups
Specific function:: Plays a key role in amino acid metabolism (By similarity).
Gene Name:: GOT1
Uniprot ID:: P17174
Molecular weight:: 46247.14

Reactions

L-Tyrosine + Oxoglutaric acid → 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid + Glutamic acid	details

Enzyme Details

8. Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial

General function:: Involved in transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups
Specific function:: Catalyzes the irreversible transamination of the L-tryptophan metabolite L-kynurenine to form kynurenic acid (KA). Plays a key role in amino acid metabolism. Important for metabolite exchange between mitochondria and cytosol. Facilitates cellular uptake of long-chain free fatty acids.
Gene Name:: GOT2
Uniprot ID:: P00505
Molecular weight:: 47517.285

Reactions

L-Tyrosine + Oxoglutaric acid → 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid + Glutamic acid	details

Enzyme Details

9. Tyrosine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic

General function:: Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:: Catalyzes the attachment of tyrosine to tRNA(Tyr) in a two-step reaction: tyrosine is first activated by ATP to form Tyr-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Tyr) (By similarity).
Gene Name:: YARS
Uniprot ID:: P54577
Molecular weight:: 59143.025

Reactions

Adenosine triphosphate + L-Tyrosine + tRNA(Tyr) → Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + L-tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr)	details
Adenosine triphosphate + L-Tyrosine + tRNA(Tyr) → Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + L-Tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr)	details

References

Bonnefond L, Frugier M, Touze E, Lorber B, Florentz C, Giege R, Rudinger-Thirion J, Sauter C: Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase: the first crystallization of a human mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2007 Apr 1;63(Pt 4):338-41. Epub 2007 Mar 30. [PubMed:17401211 ]

Enzyme Details

10. Tyrosine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial

General function:: Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:: Catalyzes the attachment of tyrosine to tRNA(Tyr) in a two-step reaction: tyrosine is first activated by ATP to form Tyr-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Tyr) (By similarity).
Gene Name:: YARS2
Uniprot ID:: Q9Y2Z4
Molecular weight:: 53198.56

Reactions

Adenosine triphosphate + L-Tyrosine + tRNA(Tyr) → Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + L-tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr)	details
Adenosine triphosphate + L-Tyrosine + tRNA(Tyr) → Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + L-Tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr)	details

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
Zhang Y, Wang L, Schultz PG, Wilson IA: Crystal structures of apo wild-type M. jannaschii tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) and an engineered TyrRS specific for O-methyl-L-tyrosine. Protein Sci. 2005 May;14(5):1340-9. [PubMed:15840835 ]
Kiga D, Sakamoto K, Kodama K, Kigawa T, Matsuda T, Yabuki T, Shirouzu M, Harada Y, Nakayama H, Takio K, Hasegawa Y, Endo Y, Hirao I, Yokoyama S: An engineered Escherichia coli tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase for site-specific incorporation of an unnatural amino acid into proteins in eukaryotic translation and its application in a wheat germ cell-free system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jul 23;99(15):9715-20. Epub 2002 Jul 3. [PubMed:12097643 ]
Kobayashi T, Nureki O, Ishitani R, Yaremchuk A, Tukalo M, Cusack S, Sakamoto K, Yokoyama S: Structural basis for orthogonal tRNA specificities of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases for genetic code expansion. Nat Struct Biol. 2003 Jun;10(6):425-32. [PubMed:12754495 ]

Transporters

Enzyme Details

1. Monocarboxylate transporter 8

General function:: Involved in transmembrane transport
Specific function:: Very active and specific thyroid hormone transporter. Stimulates cellular uptake of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) and diidothyronine. Does not transport Leu, Phe, Trp or Tyr
Gene Name:: SLC16A2
Uniprot ID:: P36021
Molecular weight:: 59510.9

References

Friesema EC, Ganguly S, Abdalla A, Manning Fox JE, Halestrap AP, Visser TJ: Identification of monocarboxylate transporter 8 as a specific thyroid hormone transporter. J Biol Chem. 2003 Oct 10;278(41):40128-35. Epub 2003 Jul 18. [PubMed:12871948 ]

Enzyme Details

2. Monocarboxylate transporter 10

General function:: Involved in transmembrane transport
Specific function:: Sodium-independent transporter that mediates the update of aromatic acid. Can function as a net efflux pathway for aromatic amino acids in the basosolateral epithelial cells
Gene Name:: SLC16A10
Uniprot ID:: Q8TF71
Molecular weight:: 55492.1

References

Kim DK, Kanai Y, Matsuo H, Kim JY, Chairoungdua A, Kobayashi Y, Enomoto A, Cha SH, Goya T, Endou H: The human T-type amino acid transporter-1: characterization, gene organization, and chromosomal location. Genomics. 2002 Jan;79(1):95-103. [PubMed:11827462 ]
Kim DK, Kanai Y, Chairoungdua A, Matsuo H, Cha SH, Endou H: Expression cloning of a Na+-independent aromatic amino acid transporter with structural similarity to H+/monocarboxylate transporters. J Biol Chem. 2001 May 18;276(20):17221-8. Epub 2001 Feb 20. [PubMed:11278508 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 17 proteins in total.

Show all enzymes and transporters

Showing metabocard for L-Tyrosine (HMDB0000158)

MOL for HMDB0000158 (L-Tyrosine)

3D MOL for HMDB0000158 (L-Tyrosine)

3D SDF for HMDB0000158 (L-Tyrosine)

3D-SDF for HMDB0000158 (L-Tyrosine)

PDB for HMDB0000158 (L-Tyrosine)

3D PDB for HMDB0000158 (L-Tyrosine)

SMILES for HMDB0000158 (L-Tyrosine)

INCHI for HMDB0000158 (L-Tyrosine)

Structure for HMDB0000158 (L-Tyrosine)

3D Structure for HMDB0000158 (L-Tyrosine)

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

Predicted Retention Times

Underivatized

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

Derivatized

Enzymes

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Transporters

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References